Host Selection by a Kleptobiotic Spider
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Biogeography of the Caribbean Cyrtognatha Spiders Klemen Čandek1,6,7, Ingi Agnarsson2,4, Greta J
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Biogeography of the Caribbean Cyrtognatha spiders Klemen Čandek1,6,7, Ingi Agnarsson2,4, Greta J. Binford3 & Matjaž Kuntner 1,4,5,6 Island systems provide excellent arenas to test evolutionary hypotheses pertaining to gene fow and Received: 23 July 2018 diversifcation of dispersal-limited organisms. Here we focus on an orbweaver spider genus Cyrtognatha Accepted: 1 November 2018 (Tetragnathidae) from the Caribbean, with the aims to reconstruct its evolutionary history, examine Published: xx xx xxxx its biogeographic history in the archipelago, and to estimate the timing and route of Caribbean colonization. Specifcally, we test if Cyrtognatha biogeographic history is consistent with an ancient vicariant scenario (the GAARlandia landbridge hypothesis) or overwater dispersal. We reconstructed a species level phylogeny based on one mitochondrial (COI) and one nuclear (28S) marker. We then used this topology to constrain a time-calibrated mtDNA phylogeny, for subsequent biogeographical analyses in BioGeoBEARS of over 100 originally sampled Cyrtognatha individuals, using models with and without a founder event parameter. Our results suggest a radiation of Caribbean Cyrtognatha, containing 11 to 14 species that are exclusively single island endemics. Although biogeographic reconstructions cannot refute a vicariant origin of the Caribbean clade, possibly an artifact of sparse outgroup availability, they indicate timing of colonization that is much too recent for GAARlandia to have played a role. Instead, an overwater colonization to the Caribbean in mid-Miocene better explains the data. From Hispaniola, Cyrtognatha subsequently dispersed to, and diversifed on, the other islands of the Greater, and Lesser Antilles. Within the constraints of our island system and data, a model that omits the founder event parameter from biogeographic analysis is less suitable than the equivalent model with a founder event. -
Araneae, Theridiidae)
Phelsuma 14; 49-89 Theridiid or cobweb spiders of the granitic Seychelles islands (Araneae, Theridiidae) MICHAEL I. SAARISTO Zoological Museum, Centre for Biodiversity University of Turku,FIN-20014 Turku FINLAND [micsaa@utu.fi ] Abstract. - This paper describes 8 new genera, namely Argyrodella (type species Argyrodes pusillus Saaristo, 1978), Bardala (type species Achearanea labarda Roberts, 1982), Nanume (type species Theridion naneum Roberts, 1983), Robertia (type species Theridion braueri (Simon, 1898), Selimus (type species Theridion placens Blackwall, 1877), Sesato (type species Sesato setosa n. sp.), Spinembolia (type species Theridion clabnum Roberts, 1978), and Stoda (type species Theridion libudum Roberts, 1978) and one new species (Sesato setosa n. sp.). The following new combinations are also presented: Phycosoma spundana (Roberts, 1978) n. comb., Argyrodella pusillus (Saaristo, 1978) n. comb., Rhomphaea recurvatus (Saaristo, 1978) n. comb., Rhomphaea barycephalus (Roberts, 1983) n. comb., Bardala labarda (Roberts, 1982) n. comb., Moneta coercervus (Roberts, 1978) n. comb., Nanume naneum (Roberts, 1983) n. comb., Parasteatoda mundula (L. Koch, 1872) n. comb., Robertia braueri (Simon, 1898). n. comb., Selimus placens (Blackwall, 1877) n. comb., Sesato setosa n. gen, n. sp., Spinembolia clabnum (Roberts, 1978) n. comb., and Stoda libudum (Roberts, 1978) n. comb.. Also the opposite sex of four species are described for the fi rst time, namely females of Phycosoma spundana (Roberts, 1978) and P. menustya (Roberts, 1983) and males of Spinembolia clabnum (Roberts, 1978) and Stoda libudum (Roberts, 1978). Finally the morphology and terminology of the male and female secondary genital organs are discussed. Key words. - copulatory organs, morphology, Seychelles, spiders, Theridiidae. INTRODUCTION Theridiids or comb-footed spiders are very variable in general apperance often with considerable sexual dimorphism. -
Seasonal Abundance and Diversity O F Web-Building Spiders in Relation to Habita T Structure on Barro Colorado Island, Panama
Lubin, Y . D. 1978 . Seasonal abundance and diversity of web-building spiders in relation to habita t structure on Barro Colorado Island, Panama . J. Arachnol. 6 :31-51 . SEASONAL ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY O F WEB-BUILDING SPIDERS IN RELATION TO HABITA T STRUCTURE ON BARRO COLORADO ISLAND, PANAMA Yael D . Lubin Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute P. O. Box 2072, Balboa, Canal Zone ABSTRAC T Web-building spiders were censused by a visual censuring method in tropical forest understory o n Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama Canal Zone. An overall trend of low numbers of spiders in th e late dry season and early wet season (March to May) was seen on all transects . The majority of th e species on the transects had wet season distribution patterns . Some species which occurred year-round on the forest transects had wet season distributions on a clearing-edge transect . A shortage of flyin g insect prey or dessication may have been responsible for the observed distributions . Species diversity and diversity of web types followed the overall seasonal pattern of spider abun- dance. The diversities of species and of web types were greatest on the forest transect with the highes t diversity of structural supports for spider webs . Web density, however, was greatest on the transect a t the edge of a small clearing . Faunal composition, diversity of web types, and seasonal patterns of distribution of spiders on th e BCI transects differed markedly from similar measures derived from censuses taken in a tropica l montane habitat in New Guinea . The differences were attributed in part to differences in the habitat s and in the evenness of the climate . -
Golden Orb Weaving Spiders - the Australian Museum
6/24/2019 Golden Orb Weaving Spiders - The Australian Museum / Discover & Learn / Animal factsheets / Spiders / Golden Orb Weaving Spiders, Nephila sp. Golden Orb Weaving Spiders Alternative name/s: Golden Orb Weaver https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/animals/spiders/golden-orb-weaving-spiders/ 1/8 6/24/2019 Golden Orb Weaving Spiders - The Australian Museum Image: Stuart Humphreys © Australian Museum Fast Facts Classification Genus Nephila Family Nephilidae https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/animals/spiders/golden-orb-weaving-spiders/ 2/8 6/24/2019 Golden Orb Weaving Spiders - The Australian Museum Order Araneae Class Arachnida Phylum Arthropoda Kingdom Animalia Size Range 2 cm - 4 cm (female), 5 mm (male) The Golden Orb Weaving Spiders build large, strong orb webs with a golden sheen. Identification Golden Orb Weaving Spiders are large spiders with silvery-grey to plum coloured bodies and brown-black, often yellow banded legs. The males are tiny and red-brown to brown in colour. The main difference between the common Sydney species, Nephila plumipes and N. edulis (which is commoner in inland regions) is the presence of a 'knob' on the front of the sternum (the heart shaped plate on the underside of the body between the legs) of N. plumipes. https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/animals/spiders/golden-orb-weaving-spiders/ 3/8 6/24/2019 Golden Orb Weaving Spiders - The Australian Museum Golden Orb-weaving Spider, Nephila plumipes, showing female and smaller male Image: Mike Gray © Australian Museum Habitat https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/animals/spiders/golden-orb-weaving-spiders/ 4/8 6/24/2019 Golden Orb Weaving Spiders - The Australian Museum Golden Orb Weaving Spiders are found in dry open forest and woodlands, coastal sand dune shrubland and mangrove habitats. -
Special Adaptations of Orb Weavers and Prey Peggy Rae Dorris Henderson State University
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 40 Article 10 1986 Special Adaptations of Orb Weavers and Prey Peggy Rae Dorris Henderson State University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Dorris, Peggy Rae (1986) "Special Adaptations of Orb Weavers and Prey," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 40 , Article 10. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol40/iss1/10 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 40 [1986], Art. 10 SPECIAL ADAPTATIONS OF ORB WEAVERS AND PREY PEGGY RAE DORRIS Department of Biology Henderson State University Arkadelphia, AR 71923 ABSTRACT Orb weaving spiders have devised both webs and special devices for capturing prey. The prey have also evolved mechanisms for eluding spiders and forliving with them. Some of the mechanisms involved are discussed in this paper. INTRODUCTION Orb weavers have devised webs and other devices for capturing prey. Prey have also evolved mechanisms foreluding spiders. -
SA Spider Checklist
REVIEW ZOOS' PRINT JOURNAL 22(2): 2551-2597 CHECKLIST OF SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) OF SOUTH ASIA INCLUDING THE 2006 UPDATE OF INDIAN SPIDER CHECKLIST Manju Siliwal 1 and Sanjay Molur 2,3 1,2 Wildlife Information & Liaison Development (WILD) Society, 3 Zoo Outreach Organisation (ZOO) 29-1, Bharathi Colony, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641004, India Email: 1 [email protected]; 3 [email protected] ABSTRACT Thesaurus, (Vol. 1) in 1734 (Smith, 2001). Most of the spiders After one year since publication of the Indian Checklist, this is described during the British period from South Asia were by an attempt to provide a comprehensive checklist of spiders of foreigners based on the specimens deposited in different South Asia with eight countries - Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The European Museums. Indian checklist is also updated for 2006. The South Asian While the Indian checklist (Siliwal et al., 2005) is more spider list is also compiled following The World Spider Catalog accurate, the South Asian spider checklist is not critically by Platnick and other peer-reviewed publications since the last scrutinized due to lack of complete literature, but it gives an update. In total, 2299 species of spiders in 67 families have overview of species found in various South Asian countries, been reported from South Asia. There are 39 species included in this regions checklist that are not listed in the World Catalog gives the endemism of species and forms a basis for careful of Spiders. Taxonomic verification is recommended for 51 species. and participatory work by arachnologists in the region. -
ARACHNIDS by Robert Whyte Want to Hunt for Some of Our Most Successful Terrestrial Predators? Start Here
SPRING 2011 Vol. 48 No. 3 $1095 inc gst ASK A WILD DOLPHIN PAGE 12 RAINFOREST MAMMAL CONNECTIONS PAGE 16 SPIDERS: EXQUISITELY CAPTIVATING PAGE 24 Follow the action to the heart of the story Pages from WAM_Spring2011_LOWRES.pdf 1 9/11/11 11:40:17 AM CONTENTS Spring 2011 REGULARS COVER PHOTO EDITORIAL Photo © Tony Bartram by Saren Starbridge .............................2 WPSQ IN ACTION BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN Spreading the word ........................... 5 (Tursiops truncatus) From beggar to partner: SPRING SKIES SIX SPECIES this dolphin is now in the An animated universe Australian burrowers identification catalogue for a with Mark T. Rigby ...............................6 with Lee K. Curtis ..............................42 program based on the Kangaroo Island Dolphin Watch model. NATUREWATCH CYBERJUNGLE See pp 12-17 for more. How and where to see wildlife with Stephen Goodwin ...................... 44 around Australia with Martin Cohen ............................... 7 CONSIDERING In time SCRATCHINGS & RUSTLINGS with Ilka Blue Nelson ........................ 45 Long trips, shrinking world www.wildlife-australia.org with Greg Czechura ...........................40 IN OUR HANDS: WILDLIFE ARTISTS Island inspired SPRING 2011 VOLUME 48 NO. 3 CITYANIMAL featuring Fred Peters .........................48 WILDLIFE Australia is published by Rats race but crows rule the community conservation group with Darryl Jones .............................. 41 WILDLIFE CROSSWORD Wildlife Preservation Society of by Sarah Martin .................................49 -
The Predatory Behavior of Rhomphaea Sp. from New Zealand
Whitehouse, M . E. A. 1987 . "Spider eat spider": the predatory behavior of Rhomphaea sp. from New Zealand . J. Arachnol ., 15 :355-362 . "SPIDER EAT SPIDER": THE PREDATORY BEHAVIOR O F RHOMPHAEA SP. FROM NEW ZEALAND Mary E. A. Whitehouse University of Canterbury Christchurch 1, New Zealand ABSTRACT Rhomphaea sp. from New Zealand captures other spiders which wander onto its web, and venture s onto other spiders' webs to capture the resident . Rhomphaea captures spiders by using aggressive mimicry to lure the victim and by throwing a sticky triangular net over the prey . The importance of this unusual method of capturing spiders is discussed in relation to the evolution of this spider . INTRODUCTION This work examines the predatory behavior of Rhomphaea Simon, a genus of elusive, solitary spiders whose predatory behavior is unknown other than tha t they eat other spiders (Eberhard 1979; Smith Trail 1980; Horton 1982) . The behavior of Rhomphaea is of special interest because species from a closel y related genus, Argyrodes, capture spiders by using stealth (Eberhard 1979) , aggressive mimicry (Whitehouse 1986), and engage in an unusual form o f foraging—kleptoparasitism (Vollrath 1976; Whitehouse 1986). Currently there is conjecture surrounding the degree to which the genera Argyrodes and Rhomphaea are related . Exline and Levi (1962) merge d Rhomphaea with the genus Argyrodes, but some workers disagree with the grouping (e.g., Simon 1895; Forster pers . comm. : opinion based on New Zealand species). More information on the foraging behaviors of the two groups of spider s is needed to ascertain if the behavioral characteristics of the two groups support the merger . -
Evolution and Ecology of Spider Coloration
P1: SKH/ary P2: MBL/vks QC: MBL/agr T1: MBL October 27, 1997 17:44 Annual Reviews AR048-27 Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1998. 43:619–43 Copyright c 1998 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved EVOLUTION AND ECOLOGY OF SPIDER COLORATION G. S. Oxford Department of Biology, University of York, P.O. Box 373, York YO1 5YW, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected] R. G. Gillespie Center for Conservation Research and Training, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 409, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822; e-mail: [email protected] KEY WORDS: color, crypsis, genetics, guanine, melanism, mimicry, natural selection, pigments, polymorphism, sexual dimorphism ABSTRACT Genetic color variation provides a tangible link between the external phenotype of an organism and its underlying genetic determination and thus furnishes a tractable system with which to explore fundamental evolutionary phenomena. Here we examine the basis of color variation in spiders and its evolutionary and ecological implications. Reversible color changes, resulting from several mechanisms, are surprisingly widespread in the group and must be distinguished from true genetic variation for color to be used as an evolutionary tool. Genetic polymorphism occurs in a large number of families and is frequently sex limited: Sex linkage has not yet been demonstrated, nor have the forces promoting sex limitation been elucidated. It is argued that the production of color is metabolically costly and is principally maintained by the action of sight-hunting predators. Key avenues for future research are suggested. INTRODUCTION Differences in color and pattern among individuals have long been recognized as providing a tractable system with which to address fundamental evolutionary questions (57). -
New Spiders of the Families Tetragnathidae, Nephilidae and Clubionidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Izu and Ogasawara Islands, Tokyo
Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 37(1), pp. 15–26, March 22, 2011 New Spiders of the Families Tetragnathidae, Nephilidae and Clubionidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Izu and Ogasawara Islands, Tokyo Hirotsugu Ono Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 3–23–1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169–0073 Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 29 October 2010; accepted 9 February 2011) Abstract Three new spiders of the families Tetragnathidae, Nephilidae and Clubionidae (Arach- nida, Araneae) from Hachijojima and Mikurajima Islands of the Izu Islands, and Chichijima Island of the Ogasawara Islands are described under the names, Leucauge nagashimai sp. nov. (Tetra- gnathidae), Nephila clavata caerulescens subsp. nov. (Nephilidae) and Clubiona oceanica sp. nov. (Clubionidae). Leucauge nagashimai resembles Chinese Leucauge bimaculata and liui, both de- scribed by Zhu, Song et Zhang (2003), but differs from the two species by the details of female genitalia, especially in the shape of spermathecae. Clubiona oceanica belongs to the species group of Clubiona hystrix defined by Deeleman-Reinhold (2001) and stands close to Clubiona maipai Jäger et Dankittipakul, 2010 from Thailand, Clubiona kuu Jäger et Dankittipakul, 2010 from Laos, Clubiona damirkovaci Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 from Peninsular Malaysia and Clubiona hitchinsi Saaristo, 2002 from Seychelles Islands, but is distinguishable from these known species by the structure of female genitalia, especially the position of intromittent orifices and the condition of in- tromittent canals and in details of tibial apophysis and embolus of male palpal organ. Nephila clavata caerulescens is described for the populations of Nephila clavata on Hachijojima and Mikurajima Islands, which show a remarkable variation on the coloration of the body not mimic to the color pattern of vespid wasps. -
The Spiders and Scorpions of the Santa Catalina Mountain Area, Arizona
The spiders and scorpions of the Santa Catalina Mountain Area, Arizona Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Beatty, Joseph Albert, 1931- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 16:48:28 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551513 THE SPIDERS AND SCORPIONS OF THE SANTA CATALINA MOUNTAIN AREA, ARIZONA by Joseph A. Beatty < • • : r . ' ; : ■ v • 1 ■ - ' A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1961 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfill ment of requirements for an advanced degree at the Uni versity of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for per mission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. -
Common Spiders of the Chicago Region 1 the Field Museum – Division of Environment, Culture, and Conservation
An Introduction to the Spiders of Chicago Wilderness, USA Common Spiders of the Chicago Region 1 The Field Museum – Division of Environment, Culture, and Conservation Produced by: Jane and John Balaban, North Branch Restoration Project; Rebecca Schillo, Conservation Ecologist, The Field Museum; Lynette Schimming, BugGuide.net. © ECCo, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA [http://fieldmuseum.org/IDtools] [[email protected]] version 2, 2/2012 Images © Tom Murray, Lynette Schimming, Jane and John Balaban, and others – Under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License (non-native species listed in red) ARANEIDAE ORB WEAVERS Orb Weavers and Long-Jawed Orb Weavers make classic orb webs made famous by the book Charlotte’s Web. You can sometimes tell a spider by its eyes, most have eight. This chart shows the orb weaver eye arrangement (see pg 6 for more info) 1 ARANEIDAE 2 Argiope aurantia 3 Argiope trifasciata 4 Araneus marmoreus Orb Weaver Spider Web Black and Yellow Argiope Banded Argiope Marbled Orbweaver ORB WEAVERS are classic spiders of gardens, grasslands, and woodlands. The Argiope shown here are the large grassland spiders of late summer and fall. Most Orb Weavers mature in late summer and look slightly different as juveniles. Pattern and coloring can vary in some species such as Araneus marmoreus. See the link for photos of its color patterns: 5 Araneus thaddeus 6 Araneus cingulatus 7 Araneus diadematus 8 Araneus trifolium http://bugguide.net/node/view/2016 Lattice Orbweaver Cross Orbweaver Shamrock Orbweaver 9 Metepeira labyrinthea 10 Neoscona arabesca 11 Larinioides cornutus 12 Araniella displicata 13 Verrucosa arenata Labyrinth Orbweaver Arabesque Orbweaver Furrow Orbweaver Sixspotted Orbweaver Arrowhead Spider TETRAGNATHIDAE LONG-JAWED ORB WEAVERS Leucauge is a common colorful spider of our gardens and woodlands, often found hanging under its almost horizontal web.