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Latitudinal Composition and Spatial Distribution of Spiders (Aranei) in the Vicinity of Detached Woodland (The Ary-Mas Area, Taimyr)

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Latitudinal Composition and Spatial Distribution of Spiders (Aranei) in the Vicinity of Detached Woodland (The Ary-Mas Area, Taimyr) Arthropoda Selecta 28(4): 582–598 © ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2019 Latitudinal composition and spatial distribution of spiders (Aranei) in the vicinity of detached woodland (the Ary-Mas area, Taimyr) Øèðîòíûé ñîñòàâ è ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîå ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ïàóêîâ (Aranei) â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ îñòðîâíîãî ëåñíîãî ìàññèâà (óðî÷èùå Àðû-Ìàñ, Òàéìûð) Olga A. Khruleva1, Daniil V. Osipov2 Î.À. Õðóë¸âà1, Ä.Â. Îñèïîâ2 1 Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. E-mail: oa- [email protected] 2 Entomology Department, Moscow Zoo, Bolshaya Gruzinskaya 1, Moscow 123242, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 1 Институт проблем экологии и эволюции имени А.Н. Северцова РАН, Ленинский просп., 33, Москва 119071, Россия. 2 Отдел энтомологии Московского зоопарка, Большая Грузинская ул., 1, Москва 123242, Россия. KEY WORDS: Russian Subarctic, Taimyr Peninsula, southern tundra, larch light forest, fauna, chorology, biotopic and stratified distribution, new records. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: Российская Cубарктика, Таймырский п-ов, южные тундры, лиственничное редколесье, фауна, хорология, биотопическое и ярусное распределение, новые отметки. ABSTRACT. One of the northernmost places of cies distinguishes spider complexes of the Ary-Mas larch forest growth in the southern tundra subzone is in area from more western ones (regions of Europe and the Ary-Mas area (72.5°N). In this area, 54 species of West Siberia). Obviously, in the studied territory, the spiders from nine families were collected; Agyneta detached forest plays an important role in the conser- amersaxatilis Saaristo et Koponen, 1998, Pardosa al- vation of a number of rare species from other latitudi- gens (Kulczyński, 1908), Semljicola beringianus (Es- nal fractions, as well as in the formation of relative rich kov, 1989) and S. lapponicus (Holm, 1939) were first hortobiontic spider assemblages under its canopy. recorded on Taimyr. For the first three species, Ary- How to cite this article: Khruleva O.A., Osipov Mas is the extreme known western point of its distribu- D.V. 2019. Latitudinal composition and spatial distri- tion, for S. lapponicus, it is the extreme eastern one. bution of spiders (Aranei) in the vicinity of detached The peculiarities of the fauna composition have been woodland (the Ary-Mas area, Taimyr) // Arthropoda revealed for this area, as well as the pattern spatial and Selecta. Vol.28. No.4. P.582–598. doi: 10.15298/arth- stratified distribution of species and chorological sel. 28.4.13 groups. In the aboveground layer (sweeping on herb- age and shrubs) 17 species and 23% of all specimens РЕЗЮМЕ. Изучен состав фауны, а также про- were collected, and in the ground-litter (epigeal) layer странственное распределение пауков в районе рас- (collection by pitfall traps and by sifting moss and положения на Таймыре одного из самых северных litter) –– 45 species. Spider assemblages of the above- островных участков лиственницы Larix gmeleni ground and ground-litter layer differed in taxonomic (подзона южных тундр, урочище Ары-Мас, 72.5° and latitudinal composition, as well as in the distribu- с.ш.). Здесь было собрано 54 вида из 9 семейств. tion pattern. Relatively rich spider assemblages in the Виды Agyneta amersaxatilis Saaristo et Koponen, 1998, herbage-undershrub layer (11 species, up to 50 speci- Pardosa algens (Kulczyński, 1908), Semljicola berin- mens/100 sweeps) are represented only in the wood- gianus (Eskov, 1989) и S. lapponicus (Holm, 1939) land. It was dominated by polyzonal hortobiontic Larin- впервые отмечены на Таймыре. Для первых трёх ioides cornutus (Clerck, 1758) and Dictyna major видов Ары-Мас — крайняя западная известная точ- Menge, 1869; outside the forest, their abundance was ка их распространения, для S. lapponicus — край- low. Spiders with arctic and hypoarctic distribution няя восточная. В надземном ярусе (кошение по тра- prevailed throughout the epigeal layer. Arctic spiders востою и кустарникам) собрано 17 видов (23% всех predominated in habitats where the zonal features of экз.), в напочвенном ярусе (почвенные ловушки, the climate are manifested in the most pure form (wa- просеивание мха и подстилки) — 45 видов. Груп- tershed slopes, high floodplain). Hypoarctic species пировки пауков надземного и напочвенного яруса play a significant role in the intrazonal habitats (sandy различались по таксономическому и широтному river bed, woodland). The high activity of arctic spe- составу, а также чертами распределения на профи- Spiders in the vicinity of detached woodland (the Ary-Mas area, Taimyr) 583 ле ландшафта. Относительно богатые группировки пауков хортобия (11 видов, до 50 экз./100 взм.) встречались только в лесном массиве. Их основу составили полизональные Larinioides cornutus (Clerck, 1758) и Dictyna major Menge, 1869, мало- численные в других биотопах. В напочвенном яру- се повсеместно доминировали арктические и гипо- арктические виды пауков. Арктические виды фор- мировали облик населения биотопов, где зональ- ные черты климата были выражены наиболее ярко (склоны водораздела, высокая пойма), гипоаркти- ческие — в интразональных местообитаниях (лес- ной массив, песчаное русло реки). Высокая актив- ность видов арктической фракции отличает изу- ченный комплекс пауков от их зональных анало- гов, представленных в южных тундрах Европы и Западной Сибири. Очевидно, что в изученном рай- оне лес играет важную роль в сохранении ряда редких видов из других широтных фракций, а так- же в формировании относительно богатых группи- ровок пауков в надземном ярусе. Introduction The araneofauna of the southern tundra subzone has been studied unevenly. The European and West Map. Location of the Ary-Mas area on the map of Taimyr Siberian regions are the most well studied [Eskov, Peninsula. 1986; Esyunin, 1999; Mazura, Esyunin, 2001; Ta- Карта. Местоположение урочища Ары-Мас на карте Тай- мырского полуострова. nasevitch, Koponen, 2007; Tanasevitch, Rybalov, 2010; Marusik, Koponen, 2015, etc.]. Based on these studies, given in the monograph [Ary-Mas, 1978]. This area spider fauna of the southern tundra was considered as a belongs to the subarctic climate zone, the average an- depleted boreal fauna, in which spiders with predomi- nual temperature is –14 °C, the average monthly tem- nantly tundra distribution play a minor role [Eskov, perature of the coldest month (January) is –34 °C, and 1986; Tanasevitch, Koponen, 2007]. Hypoarctic fau- the summer months have a temperature of 4, 12, 9 °C, nas of the Central Siberian Sector, as well as the Far respectively. The duration of the frost-free period is Eastern [Marusik et al., 1992; Marusik, 1993], contin- about 100 days. The Ary-Mas area has a length of ue to be poorly studied. Some species were identified about 20 km; its main part is bounded by the high from the southern tundra of the Taimyr Peninsula [Esk- terrace of the right bank of the Novaya River. Here is ov, 1985, 1986]; in addition, there is a list of species the light forest from Larix gmelini (crown density 0.3– from its southwestern part [Osipov, 2003]. Meanwhile, 0.5). Larch thickets alternate with wet depressions (back- the study of this territory is of particular interest, since ground species Betula exilis, Ledum decumbens, Salix the southern boundary of the tundra zone here has the spp., Carex concolor, C. chordorrhiza, Drepanocla- greatest latitudinal position. In the tundra landscapes dus spp., Sphagnum spp.). Closer to the watershed, the of eastern Taimyr are the most northern fragmented forest becomes more sparse (closure of 0.2), and then forests, formed by Larix gmelini. In one of these areas replaced by spotted shrub-sedge-moss tundra (Cassio- (the Ary-Mas area) spiders were collected in the forest pe tetragona, Dryas punctata, Carex ensifolia ssp. and its vicinity. This article discusses the features of àrctisibirica, Eriophorum vaginatum, Hylocomium the latitudinal composition and spatial organization of splendens, Tomenthypnym nitens are predominated); the spider communities of this territory. thickets of bushes (Betula exilis, Salix lanata, S. pul- chra) occupy depressions along the ravines and valleys Region and localities of brooks. The river valley includes low, weakly over- grown sandy beaches, middle floodplain with willow The Ary-Mas area is located in the southeast of the bushes (Salix lanata, S. pulchra, S. glauca) and forb- Taimyr Peninsula in the Khatanga River basin (see grass meadows. The main surface of the high flood- Map); its territory belongs to the Taimyr Nature Re- plain is occupied by wetlands, including polygonal bogs serve. The relic detached forest located here is separat- (with Carex concolor, Drepanocladus spp. in wet de- ed from the main part of a light forest from the south by pressions and Betula exilis, Salix spp., Carex ensifolia, a tundra strip 30–40 km wide. Detailed data on the Hylocomium splendens, Aulacomnium turgidum on the natural conditions, flora and vegetation of this area are dry plots). 584 O.A. Khruleva, D.V. Osipov Figs. 1–7. Photographs of biotopes on the right bank of river. 1 –– tundra with single larches on watershed; 2 –– thickets of bushes in the creek valley; 3 –– tundra with rare larches; 4 –– wetland in the woodland; 5 –– larch light forest; 6 –– creek valley with willows in the woodland; 7 –– coastal meadow. Рис. 1–7. Фото биотопов на правом берегу реки: 1 ––тундра с единичными лиственницами на водоразделе; 2 –– кустарнико- вые заросли в долине ручья; 3 –– тундра с разреженными лиственницами; 4 –– сырая депрессия в лесном массиве; 5 –– лиственничное редколесье; 6 –– долина ручья с ивняком в лесном массиве; 7 –– прибрежный луг. The studied biotopes (Figs 1–14) were located on a (72°27.848´N, 101°55.350´E). On the right bank, spi- latitudinal transect about 5 km long: from the water- ders were collected both in the forest and in its vicinity. shed of the right (southern) bank of the river On the left shore with single larches, different levels of (72°26.767´N, 101°55.400´E) to a high floodplain oc- the floodplain were investigated. The following biotopes cupying the left (northern) bank of the river were studied in this transect: Spiders in the vicinity of detached woodland (the Ary-Mas area, Taimyr) 585 Right bank of river.
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