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An Analysis of Personality and the Effect of Peer Influence On AN ANALYSIS OF PERSONALITY AND THE EFFECT OF PEER INFLUENCE ON DEVIANT BEHAVIOR DURING ADOLESCENCE by Kasey Taylor A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The College for Design and Social Inquiry in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida August 2015 Copyright 2015 by Kasey Taylor ii" ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express her sincere gratitude to her family, especially her Grandmother and Grandfather, for their encouragement throughout the writing of this manuscript. Additionally, the author wishes to express her sincere thanks to Dr. Tasha Youstin for her guidance and support through the research and writing process. iv" ABSTRACT Author: Kasey Taylor Title: An Analysis of Personality and the Effect of Peer Influence on Deviant Behavior During Adolescence Institution: Florida Atlantic University Thesis Advisor: Dr. Tasha Youstin Degree: Master of Science Year: 2015 Criminologists have long since documented a connection between peer deviance and personal deviance. Some theories suggest that this connection is due to a learning process where individuals may adopt the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of those with whom they have significant interactions, such as friends. While individuals may be susceptible to learning anti-social behavior from peers, it is unclear if certain personality characteristics may affect this relationship. The purpose of this study is to determine if differences in specific personality characteristics, such as self-esteem, introversion and extroversion, can have a moderating effect on the pressures to participate in the use of drugs and alcohol that are projected on to individuals during their adolescent years. The findings of the current study can lead to new pathways in substance use prevention and personality assessment in conjunction with risk assessment for juveniles during their middle and high school years. v" AN ANALYSIS OF PERSONALITY AND THE EFFECT OF PEER INFLEUCNCE ON DEVIANT BEHAVIOR DURING ADOLESCENCE Tables .................................................................................................................................. x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1 Background .......................................................................................................................... 1 Problem Statement ............................................................................................................... 3 Thesis Goal .......................................................................................................................... 3 Relevance and Significance ................................................................................................. 3 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER 2: A REVIEW OF THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND EXISTING RESEARCH ........................................................................................................................ 6 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 6 Theories on Personality Development ................................................................................. 7 Erikson’s psychosocial developmental theory. ........................................................... 8 Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of development. ....................................................... 9 Bandura’s social learning theory. ................................................................................ 9 Eysenck’s theory of personality development. .......................................................... 10 Criminological Theories Involving Personality ............................................................ 12 Social Learning Theory of Criminology ....................................................................... 15 Differential Association. ................................................................................................ vi" Definitions. ................................................................................................................ 16 Differential reinforcement. ........................................................................................ 17 Imitation. ................................................................................................................... 18 Social learning theory in action. ................................................................................ 18 Social learning and substance use. ............................................................................ 21 Moderating Variables .................................................................................................... 24 Extroversion and introversion. .................................................................................. 27 Self – Esteem. ............................................................................................................ 28 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 32 Research Questions ....................................................................................................... 33 Research question 1 ................................................................................................... 33 Research question 2 ................................................................................................... 34 Research question 3 ................................................................................................... 34 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY AND THE ANALYSIS OF THE LONGITUDINAL DATA ................................................................................................................................ 35 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 35 Research Design and Data Selection ............................................................................. 36 Dependent, Independent, Control and Interaction Variables ........................................ 42 Analysis Methods Research Question 1 ........................................................................ 43 Analysis Methods Research Question 2 ........................................................................ 44 Analysis Methods Research Question 3 ........................................................................ 44 Summary and Limitations ............................................................................................. 46 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 49 vii" Descriptive Statistics ..................................................................................................... 49 Correlation. .................................................................................................................... 53 Research Question 1 ...................................................................................................... 54 Hypothesis 1. ............................................................................................................. 54 Poisson Regression Results ........................................................................................... 55 Research Question 2 ...................................................................................................... 56 Hypothesis 2. ............................................................................................................. 57 Negative Binomial Regression Results ............................................................................. 58 Research Question 3 ...................................................................................................... 61 Hypothesis 3 .............................................................................................................. 61 Negative Binomial Regression 2 Results ...................................................................... 62 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION, LIMITATIONS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN POLICY AND RESEARCH ............................................................................................. 65 Discussion of the Research Questions and Findings ......................................................... 65 Research Question 1 ...................................................................................................... 66 Research Question 2 ...................................................................................................... 67 Research Question 3 ...................................................................................................... 68 A Discussion of the Significant Findings .......................................................................... 68 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 71 Limitations ......................................................................................................................... 72 Future Directions in Policy and Research ......................................................................... 73 References ........................................................................................................................
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