DOCSLIB.ORG

Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington for One Year

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington for One Year L VOL. 93 JANUARY 1991 NO. 1 ./ (ISSN 0013-8797) PROCEEDINGS of the ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY of WASHINGTON PUBLISHED QUARTERLY CONTENTS BOTOSANEANU, L. and O. S. FLINT, JR. -Some Helicopsyche Von Siebold species from Cuba and Hispaniola with conspicuous androconial systems (Insecta: Trichoptera: Heli- copsychidae) 176 COKENDOLPHER, JAMES C. and STANLEY R. JONES -Karyotype and notes on the male reproductive system and natural history of the harvestman Vonones sayi (Simon) (Opiliones, Cosmetidae) 86 DAVIS, DONALD R., RICHARD C. KASSULKE, KEN L. S. HARLEY, and JOHN D. GILLETT— Systematics, morphology, biology, and host specificity of Neurostrota gunniella (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), an agent for the biological control of Mimosa pigra L. 16 GRISSELL, E. E.— A revision of Nearctic Chalcedectini (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) with a New World checklist 1 HENDRICKSON, R. M. JR., J. J. DREA, and MIKE ROSE-A distribution and estabhsh- ment program for Chilocorus kuwanae (Silvestri) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the United States 197 HENDRICKSON, R. M. JR., F. GRUBER, G. MAILLOUX, andi. J. DREA-Parasite colo- nizations against Crioceris asparagi (L.) and C. duodecimpunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrys- omelidae) in North America from 1983 to 1988 67 HOEBEKE, E. RICHARD and A. G. WHEELER, JR.- Anthribus nebulosus, a Eurasian scale predator in the Eastern United States (Coleoptera: Anthribidae): Notes on biology, recog- nition, and establishment 45 MARSH, PAUL M. — Description of phytophagous Doryctine Braconid from Brasil (Hyme- noptera: Braconidae) 92 MATHIS, WAYNE N. a«fi? AMNON FREIDBERG- Review of Afrotropical beach flies of the tribe Canacini and subfamily Nocticanacinae (Diptera: Canacidae) 70 McDANIEL, B. and A.. BOE— Life history studies, host records, and morphological description of genitalia of Eurytoma tylodermatis Ashm. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) from South Dakota 96 {Continued on back cover) 1 THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Organized March 12, 1884 OFFICERS FOR 1991 David R. Smith, President Norman E. Woodley, Treasurer Wayne N. Mathis, President-Elect Gary Steck, Program Chairman M. Alma Sous, Recording Secretary Russell B. Stewart, Membership Chairman Mollis B. Williams, Corresponding Secretary Jeffrey R. Aldrich, Past President James B. Stribling, Custodian Robert D. Gordon, Editor Thomas J. Henry, Associate Editor Publications Committee Donald R. Davis Terry L. Erwin George C. Steyskal F. Christdvn Thompson Honorary President Curtis W. Sabrosky Honorary Members Louise M. Russell Alan Stone Theodore L. Bissell AH correspondence concerning Society business should be mailed to the appropriate officer at the following address: Entomological Society of Washington, % Department of Entomology, NHB 168, Smithsonian Insti- tution, Washington, D.C. 20560. MEETINGS. — Regular meetings of the Society are held in the Natural History Building, Smithsonian Institution, on the first Thursday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P.M. Minutes of meetings are published regularly in the Proceedings. MEMBERSHIP.— Members shall be persons who have demonstrated interest in the science of entomology. Annual dues for members are $20.00 (U.S. currency) of which $18.00 is for a subscription to the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington for one year. PROCEEDINGS.— The Proceedings are published quarterly beginning in January by The Entomological Society of Washington, % Department of Entomology, NHB- 168, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Members in good standing receive the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Nonmember subscriptions are $50.00 per year, domestic, and $60.00 per year, foreign (U.S. currency), payable in advance. Foreign delivery cannot be guaranteed. All remittances should be made payable to The Entomological Society of Washington. The Society does not exchange its publications for those of other societies. PLEASE SEE P. 218 OF THE JANUARY, 1991 ISSUE FOR INFORMATION REGARDING PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPTS. STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP Title of Publication: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Frequency of Issue: Quarterly (January, April, July, October). Location of Office of Publication, Business Office of Publisher and Owner: The Entomological Society of Washington, % Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution NW, Wash- ington, D.C. 20560. Editor: Robert D. Gordon, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, % Department of Entomology, Smith- sonian Institution, 10th and Constitution NW, Washington, D.C. 20560. Books for Review: T. Henry, Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution NW, Washington, D.C. 20560. Managing Editor and Known Bondholders or other Security Holders: none. This issue was mailed 1 3 February 1 99 Second Class Postage Paid at Washington, D.C. and additional mailing office. PRINTED BY ALLEN PRESS, INC., LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044, USA THIS PUBLICATION IS PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 93(1), 1991, pp. 197-200 A DISTRIBUTION AND ESTABLISHMENT PROGRAM FOR CHILOCORUS KUWANAE (SILVESTRI) (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) IN THE UNITED STATES R. M. Hendrickson, Jr., J. J. Drea, and Mike Rose (RMH) Beneficial Insects Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 501 South Chapel Street, Newark, Delaware 19713; (JJD) Beneficial Insects Laboratory, BBII, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, BARC-East, Beltsville, Maryland 20705; (MR) Entomology/Biological Con- trol, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843. Abstract. — Chilocorus kuwanae, a coccinellid predator of euonymus scale, Unaspis eu- onymi (Comstock) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), was introduced from Korea (1984) and Japan (1985) into the United States. The beetle was released in 25 states in the eastern half of the country and became established in nine states (CN, DE, MA, MD, MI, NC, NJ, OH, PA) and the District of Columbia. Key Words: Insecta, Coccinellidae, Chilocorus kuwanae, euonymus scale, Unaspis eu- onymi, biological control, predator, Aprostocetus neglectus, Euonymus plants Euonymus scale, Unaspis euonymi (Com- USDA, initiated a Small Farms Research stock) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), is a seri- Project in the early 1980's for control of ous pest of many species of ornamental trees scale pests, one of which was euonymus and shrubs in the United States (Gill et al. scale. Since U. euonymi is believed to be 1982). In the absence of adequate controls, Oriental in origin, the assistance of the ARS this insect can attain populations severe Asian Parasite Laboratory, Seoul, Republic enough to cause complete defoliation and of Korea (ROK) was requested to obtain death of the host plant (Johnson and Lyon natural enemies attacking the scale in Ko- species parasites and pred- 1988). Even moderate infestations impair rea. Several of the photosynthesis and reduce growth (Cock- ators of U. euonymi were collected by laboratory personnel, including the cocci- field and Potter 1987). The pest is a nui- nellid Chilocorus kuwanae (Silvestri). Spec- sance to homeowners because insect-dam- imens of this beetle were shipped to the ARS aged shrubs are unsightly and require quarantine facilities at the Beneficial Insects pesticide treatments or removal. Some at- Research Laboratory, Newark, Delaware. tractive but scale-susceptible species or va- After clearance from quarantine, the beetle rieties of Euonymus, an ornamental shrub was sent to the ARS Beneficial Insects Lab- or tree, are no longer produced by nursery- oratory, Beltsville, Maryland, for additional men since the plants require frequent chem- studies, culture, and release (Drea and Carl- ical pest control (Drea and Hendrickson son 1987). 1988). A biological control method for eu- onymus scale could reopen markets for these Methods and Materials Euonymus. From 1 984 to 1 986 4 1 1 adult C. kuwanae The Agricultural Research Service (ARS), were received from the laboratory in Korea. 198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Initially these specimens were used to es- All cooperators replied to the question- tablish laboratory cultures. F, adults, lar- naire. From their replies and personal field vae, and a small number of eggs from these observations we determined that C. kuwa- cultures were released at the U.S. National nae was established in CN, DC, DE, MA, Arboretum, Washington, D.C., on Euony- MD, MI, NC, NJ, OH, and PA for one or mus europaeus L. in 1984. Color photo- more years (Fig. 1). In some areas, insuffi- graphs ofthe predators can be found in Hen- cient time had elapsed since release to de- drickson and Drea (1988). termine winter survival. The predator became established at the Releases made in Texas failed to estab- Arboretum. By 1985 this primary release hsh. One of us (MR) obtained 231 1 adult, site had become a natural insectary and larval and pupal stages of C kuwanae from served as the main source of living material Maryland and Delaware sites in 21 con- for laboratory cultures and for subsequent signments from August 1987 to September distribution of the predator to secondary 1989. These were released on euonymus release sites in MD, DE, PA, NJ and DC. scale at numerous sites in Austin, Bryan, Populations of beetles at these locations College Station, and Dallas/Ft. Worth. Only increased rapidly. For example, in Swarth- a few cast larval skins were found and by more, PA, a single shrub, ca. 2.5 m diam., July 1990 only one adult was recovered. provided 7135 beetles in the year
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Biology of Casmara Subagronoma (Lepidoptera
    insects Article The Biology of Casmara subagronoma (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), a Stem-Boring Moth of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Myrtaceae): Descriptions of the Previously Unknown Adult Female and Immature Stages, and Its Potential as a Biological Control Candidate Susan A. Wineriter-Wright 1, Melissa C. Smith 1,* , Mark A. Metz 2 , Jeffrey R. Makinson 3 , Bradley T. Brown 3, Matthew F. Purcell 3, Kane L. Barr 4 and Paul D. Pratt 5 1 USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; susan_wineriter_wright@yahoo.com 2 USDA-ARS Systematic Entomology Lab, Beltsville, MD 20013-7012, USA; mark.metz@usda.gov 3 USDA-ARS Australian Biological Control Laboratory, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Dutton Park QLD 4102, Australia; jeff.makinson@csiro.au (J.R.M.); Bradley.brown@csiro.au (B.T.B.); matthew.purcell@csiro.au (M.F.P.) 4 USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; kane.barr1@gmail.com 5 USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; paul.pratt@usda.gov * Correspondence: Melissa.smith@usda.gov; Tel.: +1-954-475-6549 Received: 27 August 2020; Accepted: 16 September 2020; Published: 23 September 2020 Simple Summary: Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a perennial woody shrub throughout Southeast Asia. Due to its prolific flower and fruit production, it was introduced into subtropical areas such as Florida and Hawai’i, where it is now naturalized and invasive. In an effort to find sustainable means to control R. tomentosa, a large-scale survey was mounted for biological control organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Controlling Invasion of the Exotic Shrub (Mimosa Pigra) in Tropical Australian Wetlands
    Controlling invasion of the exotic shrub (Mimosa pigra) in tropical Australian wetlands Michelle Marko Introduction to exotics in Australia Exotics have been introduced to Australia since the time of European settlement, beginning in the 1800s. Whether deliberately or accidentally introduced, some species such as feral cats (Felis catus), the cane toad (Bufo marinus), athel trees (Tamarix aphyllabitou) and the bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera), have wrought devastation. The majority of exotics have little impact on the natural ecosystem, but those that do (between 2-40 %) are aggressive invaders that can successfully compete for niches previously occupied by native species. Many exotics not currently problematic have the potential to cause serious damage in the future (Hobbs and Humphries 1995). These exotics negatively modify the richness and abundance of other species and therefore alter the function of the natural ecosystems (Storrs and Lonsdale 1995). In Australia, about 15% of the overall vascular flora are naturalized alien species, which is estimated to be 15,000-20,000 species (Environment Australia 1998). The Northern Territory, with around 4-5 % weeds, has the lowest percentage of any state or territory in Australia. However, in the Northern Territory, Sida sp., salvinia (Salvinia molesta), Hyptis suaveolens, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), and giant sensitive plant (Mimosa pigra) are considered major threats (CSIRO 1997). Mimosa pigra, in particular, is considered one of Australia's worst weeds of conservation. In this paper, I will discuss methods to control Mimosa pigra and some areas of future research. Invasiveness of Mimosa pigra Mimosa pigra L. (Mimosaceae) poses a tremendous threat to agriculture, the conservation of wetlands and land use practices of the Aboriginal people of Australia (Braithwaite et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Mimosa (Neptunia Oleracea)
    Invasive plant risk assessment Biosecurity Queensland Agriculture Fisheries and Department of Water mimosa NeNeptunia oleracea Dead and awake Neptunia plena Steve Csurhes First published 2008 Updated 2016 PR08–3686 © State of Queensland, 2016. The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY) licence. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the State of Queensland as the source of the publication. Note: Some content in this publication may have different licence terms as indicated. For more information on this licence visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0/au/deed.en" http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Contents Identity and taxonomy 2 Neptunia oleracea Lour. 2 Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. 2 Taxonomy and genetics 2 Descriptions (from Windler 1966) 3 Neptunia oleracea 3 Neptunia plena 4 Reproduction and dispersal 5 Seed longevity 5 Origin 5 History of introduction 5 Worldwide distribution 6 Neptunia oleracea 6 Neptunia plena 7 Distribution in Australia 8 Preferred habitat and climate 9 History as a weed overseas and interstate 9 Impact 10 N2 fixation 10 Effect on water resources 10 Economic benefits 10 Ponded pasture 10 Horticultural crop 11 Herbal medicine 11 Pest potential in Queensland 12 Biological control 12 References 13 Invasive plant risk assessment: Water mimosa Neptunia oleracea Dead and awake Neptunia plena 1 Identity and taxonomy Neptunia oleracea Lour. Synonyms: Acacia lacustris Desf., Desmanthus lacustris Willd., D. natans Willd., D. stolonifer DC, Mimosa aquatica Pers., M.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Risk to Neptunia Oleracea Lour. by the Moth, Neurostrota Gunniella (Busck), a Biological Control Agent for Mimosa Pigra L
    Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds 449 4-14 July 1999, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA Neal R. Spencer [ed.]. pp. 449-457 (2000) Assessing the Risk to Neptunia oleracea Lour. by the Moth, Neurostrota gunniella (Busck), a Biological Control Agent for Mimosa pigra L. I. W. FORNO1, J. FICHERA1, and S. PRIOR2 1CSIRO Entomology, PMB 3, Indooroopilly Q4069, Australia 2Present Address: Department of Natural Resources, Magazine Street, Sherwood Q4075, Australia Abstract Mimosa pigra L. is native to tropical America and is an aggressive, invasive weed on the flood plains of the Northern Territory of Australia and in several countries in Southeast Asia. Neurostrota gunniella (Busck) (Gracillariidae) was introduced into Australia from Mexico in 1986 for biological control of mimosa. It was released in 1989 following com- pletion of extensive host range studies which determined that the moth bred readily on M. pigra and to a much lesser extent on Neptunia dimorphantha Domin, N. gracilis Benth., N. major (Benth.) Windler, N. monosperma F. Muell. and M. pudica L. Damage to these non-target species was assessed as insignificant. Subsequently, this moth was introduced to Thailand where quarantine studies showed substantial attack on an important vegetable, N. oleracea Lour., which is a perennial, aquatic herb which either grows prostrate near the water’s edge or floats by forming spongy aerenchyma around the stems. N. gunniella was not released in Southeast Asia. Further studies showed that N. gunniella oviposits and breeds similarly on potted M. pigra and the terrestrial form of N. oleracea but fewer eggs are laid and larval mortality is much greater on N.
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling Integrated Weed Management of an Invasive 41, 547–560 Shrub in Tropical Australia
    Journal of Applied Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. Ecology 2004 Modelling integrated weed management of an invasive 41, 547–560 shrub in tropical Australia YVONNE M. BUCKLEY*, MARK REES*†, QUENTIN PAYNTER‡ and MARK LONSDALE§ *NERC Centre for Population Biology and †Department of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK; ‡CSIRO, Division of Entomology, Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre, PMB 44 Winnellie, NT 0822, Australia; and §CSIRO, Division of Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Summary 1. Where biocontrol programmes for invasive plants are in place, only one-third are fully successful. Integrated weed management (IWM) emphasizes the use of several complementary control measures. 2. We used models of increasing complexity to determine which parameters affect site occupancy of an invasive shrub, Mimosa pigra, in tropical Australia. Two introduced biocontrol agents have spatial effects on both plant fecundity and the probability of recolonization after senescence. We incorporated biocontrol effects into IWM models with small-scale disturbance, such as grazing and pig-rooting, and large-scale disturbance, such as mechanical control, herbicide and fire. The models were parameterized from experimental and field data. 3. The models indicated that reduction in fecundity is not the most important impact of biocontrol; rather it is defoliation at the edges of stands, allowing grasses to out-compete M. pigra seedlings. We demonstrated that biocontrol alone is only successful at low levels of small-scale disturbance and seedling survival and, even then, current biocontrol agents would take decades to reduce a stand to < 5% site occupancy. 4. Our model predicts the most successful IWM strategy to be an application of herbicide in year 1, mechanical control + fire in year 2 and herbicide in year 3, with reduction of small-scale disturbance where possible.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of Exotic Species in the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve
    AN ASSESSMENT OF EXOTIC SPECIES IN THE TONLE SAP BIOSPHERE RESERVE AND ASSOCIATED THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY A RESOURCE DOCUMENT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES December 2006 Robert van Zalinge (compiler) This publication is a technical output of the UNDP/GEF-funded Tonle Sap Conservation Project Executive Summary Introduction This report is mainly a literature review. It attempts to put together all the available information from recent biological surveys, and environmental and resource use studies in the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve (TSBR) in order to assess the status of exotic species and report any information on their abundance, distribution and impact. For those exotic species found in the TSBR, it is examined whether they can be termed as being an invasive alien species (IAS). IAS are exotic species that pose a threat to native ecosystems, economies and/or human health. It is widely believed that IAS are the second most significant threat to biodiversity worldwide, following habitat destruction. In recognition of the threat posed by IAS the Convention on Biological Diversity puts forward the following strategy to all parties in Article 8h: “each contracting party shall as far as possible and as appropriate: prevent the introduction of, control, or eradicate those alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species”. The National Assembly of Cambodia ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1995. After reviewing the status of exotic species in the Tonle Sap from the literature, as well as the results from a survey based on questionnaires distributed among local communities, the main issues are discussed, possible strategies to combat the spread of alien species that are potentially invasive are examined, and recommendations are made to facilitate the implementation of a strategy towards reducing the impact of these species on the TSBR ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Influence of Subelytral Ultrastructure
    Experimental & Applied Acarology, 23 (1999) 97–118 Review Phoresy by Hemisarcoptes (Acari: Hemisarcoptidae) on Chilocorus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): influence of subelytral ultrastructure M.A. Houck* Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409–3131, USA (Received 9 January 1997; accepted 17 April 1998) ABSTRACT The non-phoretic stages of mites of the genus Hemisarcoptes are predators of the family Diaspididae. The heteromorphic deutonymph (hypopus) maintains a stenoxenic relationship with beetles of the genus Chilocorus. The mites attach to the subelytral surface of the beetle elytron during transport. There is variation in mite density among species of Chilocorus. Both Hemisarcoptes and Chilocorus have been applied to biological control programmes around the world. The objective of this study was to determine whether subelytral ultrastructure (spine density) plays a role in the evolution of symbiosis between the mite and the beetle. The subelytral surfaces of 19 species of Chilocorus and 16 species of Exochomus were examined. Spine density was determined for five subelytral zones: the anterior pronotal margin, medial central region, caudoventral tip, lateral distal margin and epipleural region. Spine density on the subelytral surface of Chilocorus and Exochomus was inversely correlated with the size of the elytron for all zones except the caudoventral tip. This suggests that an increase in body size resulted in a redistribution of spines and not an addition of spines. The pattern of spine density in Exochomus and Chilocorus follows a single size–density trajectory. The pattern of subelytral ultrastructure is not strictly consistent with either beetle phylogeny or beetle allometry. The absence of spines is not correlated with either beetle genus or size and species of either Chilocorus or Exochomus may be devoid of spines in any zone, irrespective of body size.
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Interactions in a Biological Control Context Using Water Hyacinth
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS) “Is more, less?” Insect – insect interactions in a biological control context using water hyacinth as a model A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE of Rhodes University By Philip Sebastian Richard Weyl December 2011 Abstract Interactions between insects have been shown to be important regulators of population abundances and dynamics as well as drivers of spatial segregation and distribution. These are important aspects of the ecology of insects used in biological control and may have implications for the overall success of a particular programme. In the history of biological control there has been a tendency to release a suite of agents against a weed, which in some cases has increased the level of success, while in others little change has been observed. In most of these cases the implications of increasing the level of complexity of the system is not taken into account and there is little research on the effect of releasing another agent into the system. A brief meta-analysis was done on all the biological control programmes initiated in South Africa. Emphasis was placed on multi-species releases and the effects that overlapping niches were having on the number of agents responsible for the success of a programme. Where overlapping niches were present among agents released the number of agents responsible for success was lower than the number established. Water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach in South Africa has more arthropod agents released against it than anywhere else in the world, yet control has been variable.
    [Show full text]
  • Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 368 561 SE 054 264 TITLE Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States. INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington, D.C. Office of Technology Assessment. REPORT NO ISBN-0-16-042075-X; OTA-F-565 PUB DATE Sep 93 NOTE 409p.; Chapter One, The "Summary" has also been printed as a separate publication (OTA-F-566). ANAILABLE FROMU.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. PUB TYPE Books (010) Reports Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC17 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Animals; Biotechnology; Case Studies; Decision Making; *Federal Legislation; Financial Support; Genetic Engineering; International Law; Natural Resources; *Plants (Botany); *Public Policy; Science Education; State Legislation; Weeds; Wildlife Management IDENTIFIERS Environmental Issues; Environmental Management; *Environmental Problems; Florida; Global Change; Hawaii; *Non Indigenous Speciez ABSTRACT Non-indigenous species (NIS) are common in the United States landscape. While some are beneficial, others are harmful and can cause significant economic, environmental, and health damage. This study, requested by the U.S. House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee, examined State and Federal policies related to these harmful NIS. The report is presented in 10 chapters. Chapter 1 identifies the issues and options related to the topic and a summary of the findings from the individual chapters that follow. Chapters 2 "The Consequences of NIS" and 3 "The Changing Numbers, Causes, and Rates of
    [Show full text]
  • Crapemyrtle Bark Scale Acanthococcus Lagerstroemiae Kuwana (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae): Analysis of Factors Influencing Infestation and Control
    CRAPEMYRTLE BARK SCALE ACANTHOCOCCUS LAGERSTROEMIAE KUWANA (HEMIPTERA: ERIOCOCCIDAE): ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING INFESTATION AND CONTROL A Thesis by KYLE ANDREW GILDER Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Chair of Committee, Kevin M. Heinz Co-Chair of Committee, Mengmeng Gu Committee Members, Mike Merchant Head of Department, Phillip Kaufman December 2020 Major Subject: Entomology Copyright 2020 Kyle Andrew Gilder ABSTRACT Crapemyrtle bark scale, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana), a new non-native pest from Asia first discovered in the U.S. in 2004 has now been reported in 14 states. The scale jeopardizes the future of crapemyrtles use as a popular ornamental landscape tree in the U.S. Management of this pest will likely include biological strategies. Before such strategies can be implemented it is important to examine relative abundances and distributions of arthropod species associated with the scale in the geographic area targeted for biological control. In the first objective, surveys of crapemyrtle ecology from two varietal groups of crapemyrtle trees (Lagerstroemia spp.) were undertaken in Tarrant and Brazos counties across six consecutive seasons in 2018 – 2019. A rich arthropod community was discovered. The most common predators were spiders, coccinellids, and chrysopids. Insects in the families Eriococcidae, Aphididae, and Thripidae were common herbivores on Lagerstroemia spp. Numerous phytophagous and mycophagous mites were also collected. These herbivores constitute a reservoir of alternative prey for generalist predators that may also feed on A. lagerstroemiae. A food web was constructed to illustrate direct and indirect effects of the predator community on A.
    [Show full text]
  • (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae), from a MITE, Hemisarcoptes Cooremani
    THE UPTAKE OF TRITIATED WATER BY A BEETLE, Chilocorus cacti (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae), FROM A MITE, Hemisarcoptes cooremani (Acari: Acariformes) by AURAL! E. HOLTE, B.S. A THESIS IN BIOLOGY Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved December, 1999 mr'-^'^-"""'^'" .——^—--— •« • "ji» • »j»«p»^"^i^»w /^n^^l C>^i^f ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank a number of people for their assistance and support in the completion of iS-f' 7^ this work. First, I would like to thank Dr. Marilyn Houck for her generous encouragement, understanding and guidance, without which I would not have been able to start or complete this project. I also thank the members of my committee. Dr. Nathan Collie and Dr. Richard Deslippe who provided valuable comments and information utilized for this research. Elizabeth Richards, Heather Roberts, and Qingtian Li were encouraging and helpful colleagues in all my endeavors as a graduate student. I also thank a number of people for personal support; foremost, Damon for without his devoted love, constant support and immutable encouragement, I would have not been able to accomplish this work. I v^sh to thank my family for all of the love and understanding they have given me, especially my mother who guided me with her example, demonstrating that I could do anything once I set my mind to it. I also would like to acknowledge all of the other friends and family members who have given me encouragement. Finally, financial support for this research was provided by the Texas Tech University Biology Department and the Bi-National Agricultural Research and Development grants (#IS-1397-87 and #US-2359-93C to M.
    [Show full text]
  • Interacting Effects of Forest Edge, Tree Diversity and Forest Stratum on the Diversity of Plants and Arthropods in Germany’S Largest Deciduous Forest
    GÖTTINGER ZENTRUM FÜR BIODIVERSITÄTSFORSCHUNG UND ÖKOLOGIE - GÖTTINGEN CENTRE FOR BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY - Interacting effects of forest edge, tree diversity and forest stratum on the diversity of plants and arthropods in Germany’s largest deciduous forest Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultäten der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen vorgelegt von M.Sc. Claudia Normann aus Düsseldorf Göttingen, März 2015 1. Referent: Prof. Dr. Teja Tscharntke 2. Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Stefan Vidal Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 27.04.2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. - 7 - Introduction ....................................................................................................................... - 8 - Study region ..................................................................................................................... - 10 - Chapter outline ................................................................................................................ - 15 - References ....................................................................................................................... - 18 - CHAPTER 2 HOW FOREST EDGE–CENTER TRANSITIONS IN THE HERB LAYER INTERACT WITH BEECH DOMINANCE VERSUS TREE DIVERSITY ....................................................... - 23 - Abstract ...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]