Unit-1 Introduction to Occupational Health and Safety Units of Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety
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Hearing Loss Prevention and a Survey of Firefighters
Update 2017 Vol. 29, Issue 1 The Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation Hearing Loss Prevention and a Survey of Firefighters Submitted by: Natalie Rothbauer, Illinois State University According to the Occupational and Safety Administration (OSHA), Candidates with the following medical conditions shall not be certified as approximately 30 million people are exposed to hazardous noise annually, meeting the medical requirements of this standard: (1) Chronic vertigo which places them at risk for auditory injuries such as noise-induced or impaired balance as demonstrated by the inability to tandem gait hearing loss (NIHL) and tinnitus. Noise-induced hearing loss can be walk. (2) On audiometric testing, average hearing loss in the unaided costly to workers as it can interfere with their daily tasks. It may make it better ear greater than 40 decibels (dB) at 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, and 2000 impossible to hear important warning signals and other important sounds, Hz when the audiometric device is calibrated to ANSI Z24.5. (3) Any possibly resulting in a worker being relieved from duty. Firefighting is ear condition (or hearing impairment) that results in a person not being considered a hearing critical profession because warning signal audibility able to safely perform essential job tasks. - NFPA Standard 1582 (pp. 11) could be the difference between life and death (Hong et al, 2013). Knowledge A literature review did not reveal a consistent sound exposure profile for Survey data indicated that many firefighters were knowledgeable of some career firefighters due to the variable noises and length of work shift. Some of the aspects of hearing loss and approaches to prevention. -
Rational Use of Personal Protective Equipment for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Considerations During Severe Shortages Interim Guidance 6 April 2020
Rational use of personal protective equipment for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and considerations during severe shortages Interim guidance 6 April 2020 Background • avoiding touching your eyes, nose, and mouth; • practicing respiratory hygiene by coughing or This document summarizes WHO’s recommendations for the sneezing into a bent elbow or tissue and then rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in health immediately disposing of the tissue; care and home care settings, as well as during the handling of • wearing a medical mask if you have respiratory cargo; it also assesses the current disruption of the global symptoms and performing hand hygiene after supply chain and considerations for decision making during disposing of the mask; severe shortages of PPE. • routine cleaning and disinfection of environmental and other frequently touched surfaces. This document does not include recommendations for members of the general community. See here: for more In health care settings, the main infection prevention and information about WHO advice of use of masks in the general control (IPC) strategies to prevent or limit COVID-19 community. transmission include the following:2 In this context, PPE includes gloves, medical/surgical face 1. ensuring triage, early recognition, and source control masks - hereafter referred as “medical masks”, goggles, face (isolating suspected and confirmed COVID-19 shield, and gowns, as well as items for specific procedures- patients); 3 filtering facepiece respirators (i.e. N95 or FFP2 or 2. applying standard precautions for all patients and FFP3 standard or equivalent) - hereafter referred to as including diligent hand hygiene; “respirators" - and aprons. This document is intended for 3. -
System Safety Engineering: Back to the Future
System Safety Engineering: Back To The Future Nancy G. Leveson Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology c Copyright by the author June 2002. All rights reserved. Copying without fee is permitted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage and provided that credit to the source is given. Abstracting with credit is permitted. i We pretend that technology, our technology, is something of a life force, a will, and a thrust of its own, on which we can blame all, with which we can explain all, and in the end by means of which we can excuse ourselves. — T. Cuyler Young ManinNature DEDICATION: To all the great engineers who taught me system safety engineering, particularly Grady Lee who believed in me, and to C.O. Miller who started us all down this path. Also to Jens Rasmussen, whose pioneering work in Europe on applying systems thinking to engineering for safety, in parallel with the system safety movement in the United States, started a revolution. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The research that resulted in this book was partially supported by research grants from the NSF ITR program, the NASA Ames Design For Safety (Engineering for Complex Systems) program, the NASA Human-Centered Computing, and the NASA Langley System Archi- tecture Program (Dave Eckhart). program. Preface I began my adventure in system safety after completing graduate studies in computer science and joining the faculty of a computer science department. In the first week at my new job, I received a call from Marion Moon, a system safety engineer at what was then Ground Systems Division of Hughes Aircraft Company. -
Occupational Hygiene Report Writing
BACK TO BASICS PEER REVIEWED Occupational hygiene report writing Peter-John “Jakes” ABSTRACT Jacobs Occupational hygiene reports record occupational hygiene exposure assessments. Although their (MPH Occ. Hygiene) Cas Badenhorst (PhD purpose and format can vary, they must provide adequate information for managing occupational Occ. Hygiene) risks and so ensure the health and safety of employees. This article describes how to write a good occupational hygiene report, specifi cally with respect to the minimum content and style. Corresponding author: E-mail: jakes.jacobs2@ Key words: occupational hygiene report, content, standards sasol.com INTRODUCTION When the target audience is the senior management of an The fi ndings of occupational hygiene exposure assessments organisation, the report needs to be concise and prefer- are recorded in occupational hygiene reports. The purpose ably no longer than one page with the technical and other of these reports can vary, for example providing commu- information contained in an appendix. A popularly recounted nication to management, employees, health and safety anecdote is that the average reading ability of a company’s representatives, engineers, etc. regarding occupational chief executive offi cer is equitable to that of a 14-year-old, the hazards present in the workplace, addressing emergencies reason being that they are burdened with massive amounts and, importantly, provide practical exposure control advice of data that must be digested on a daily basis. This report and, are critical in managing occupational risks.1 Although can typically be a summary of fi ndings as described in the several formats for the reports exist, they should all serve detailed occupational hygiene report. -
Occupational Exposure to Heat and Hot Environments
Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Heat and Hot Environments DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Cover photo by Thinkstock© Criteria for a Recommended Standard Occupational Exposure to Heat and Hot Environments Revised Criteria 2016 Brenda Jacklitsch, MS; W. Jon Williams, PhD; Kristin Musolin, DO, MS; Aitor Coca, PhD; Jung-Hyun Kim, PhD; Nina Turner, PhD DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health This document is in the public domain and may be freely copied or reprinted. Disclaimer Mention of any company or product does not constitute endorsement by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). In addition, citations of websites external to NIOSH do not constitute NIOSH endorsement of the sponsoring organizations or their programs or products. Furthermore, NIOSH is not responsible for the content of these websites. Ordering Information This document is in the public domain and may be freely copied or reprinted. To receive NIOSH documents or other information about occupational safety and health topics, contact NIOSH at Telephone: 1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636) TTY: 1-888-232-6348 E-mail: [email protected] or visit the NIOSH website at www.cdc.gov/niosh. For a monthly update on news at NIOSH, subscribe to NIOSH eNews by visiting www.cdc.gov/ niosh/eNews. Suggested Citation NIOSH [2016]. NIOSH criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to heat and hot environments. By Jacklitsch B, Williams WJ, Musolin K, Coca A, Kim J-H, Turner N. -
Guide to OH&S Certifications & Designations
THIRD EDITION Guide to OH&S Certifications & Designations A Resource for Safety Practitioners, Employers, and those considering a Career in Occupational Health & Safety COHSPRAC CRST This guide is produced by the Canadian Society of Safety Engineering CSSE Guide to OH&S Certifications & Designations 1 A Guide for Employers and OH&S Practitioners This document has been prepared by Canadian Society of Safety Engineering (CSSE) in the pursuit of CSSE’s mission, vision and goals. All rights reserved. Permission to photocopy or download for individual use is granted. Further reproduction in any manner, including posting to a website, is prohibited without prior written permission of the publisher. Permission may be obtained by contacting the CSSE at [email protected]. © Canadian Society of Safety Engineering 468 Queen Street East, Suite LL-02 Toronto, Ontario M5A 1T7 Tel.: 416-646-1600 www.csse.org Third Edition September 2018 CSSE Guide to OH&S Certifications & Designations 2 A Guide for Employers and OH&S Practitioners PURPOSE OF THE GUIDE The Guide is intended to serve as a resource to employers when hiring a health and safety practitioner. It also provides guidance to future OH&S practitioners on the type of education, experience, and other qualifications being sought by employers. Information on both Canadian and International safety certifications and designations is provided, along with suggested competencies and qualifications for OH&S positions from entry to executive level. An interview guide is included to provide employers with suggested -
Management of Occupational Exposure Limits: a Guide for Mine Ventilation Engineers
Management of Occupational Exposure Limits: A Guide for Mine Ventilation Engineers Derrick J. (Rick) Brake1,2(&) 1 Mine Ventilation Australia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia [email protected] 2 Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Abstract. Many underground mines do not have a qualified or dedicated occupational (industrial) hygienist on site, or even available as a resource. Many mine ventilation engineers do not even consider occupational exposure moni- toring to be relevant to their role as an engineer. In many cases where occu- pational exposure monitoring is conducted, the mine ventilation engineer is not informed about the results of the monitoring, or if he is, cannot interpret cor- rectly what these results mean. This bunker mentality separating occupational hygiene and ventilation engineering reduces the range of tools available to the ventilation engineer to actively adjust or tune the ventilation system to keep the underground environment healthy, or as healthy as it could otherwise be. This paper sets out the principles and practices that the mine ventilation engineer needs to know to be able to understand how to interpret occupational hygiene monitoring results, and the implications for the mine primary and secondary ventilation systems. Keywords: Occupational Á Industrial Á Hygiene Á Monitoring Underground Á Ventilation 1 Introduction In most countries, occupational (or industrial) hygiene is managed by professional hygienists—quite a different field of specialty to engineers; mine ventilation engineers have only been peripherally involved if at all. The exception is probably South Africa where the role of ventilation engineers now tends to encompass at least basic occu- pational hygiene management. There are arguments for and against combining the roles of hygienist and engineer, but the dual-role system has not been adopted elsewhere to date. -
Control of Hazardous Energy by Lock-Out and Tag-Out
Control of Hazardous Energy By Lock-out and Tag-out Why Lock-Out and Tag-Out? Basics of Lock-Out and Tag-Out Learning From Case Histories What Industry Process Safety Leaders Say Additional Reading February 23, 2005 This Safety Alert can also be found on the CCPS Web site at http://www.aiche.org/ccps/safetyalert Copyright 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Engineers Chemical of Institute Copyright 2005 American CCPS Safety Alert, February 23, 2005 The Center for Chemical Process Safety was established by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers in 1985 to focus on the engineering and management practices to prevent and mitigate major incidents involving the release of hazardous chemicals and hydrocarbons. CCPS is active worldwide through its comprehensive publishing program, annual technical conference, research, and instructional material for undergraduate engineering education. For more information about CCPS, please call 212-591-7319, e-mail [email protected], or visit www.aiche.org/ccps Copyright 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers 3 Park Avenue New York, New York 10016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright owner. It is sincerely hoped that the information presented in this document will lead to an even more impressive record for the entire industry; however, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, its consultants, CCPS Subcommittee members, their employers, and their employers’ officers and directors disclaim making or giving any warranties, expressed or implied, including with respect to fitness, intended purpose, use or merchantability and/or correctness or accuracy of the content of the information presented in this document. -
Towards Safety Assessment Checklist for Safety-Critical Systems P.V
Article can be accessed online at http://www.publishingindia.com Towards Safety Assessment Checklist for Safety-critical Systems P.V. Srinivas Acharyulu*, P. S. Ramaiah** Abstract 1. Introduction Safety-critical systems are ever increasing in day to Safety-Critical Systems are those systems whose failure day life such as use from microwave oven to robots could result in loss of life, significant property damage, involving computer systems and software. Safety- or damage to environment (Knight, J.C, 2002). Safety in critical systems must consider safety engineering and broad pertains to the whole system, computer hardware, safety management principles in order to be safe when software, other electronic & electrical components and they are put into use. Safety analysis must be done. stake holders. A safety-critical system is such a system Safety assessment of such systems is difficult but not impossible. They must deal with the hazards analysis which has the potential to cause hazard either directly or in order to reduce or prevent risks to environment, indirectly. The emphasis of this paper is on the element property damage and / or loss of life through risk-free of software for such safety critical systems, which can and failure free or fail-safe operations. The existing be referred to as safety critical software. Some of the methods are found to be limited and inadequate safety critical applications include flight control systems, to address the risks associated and for safety medical diagnostic and treatment devices, weapon assessment. This paper proposes a methodology for systems, nuclear power systems, robots and many. Failure safety assessment of safety critical systems based on free and risk free or fail-safe operations may not lead to identifying significant and non-significant aspects of hazards. -
Occupational Health Hazards: Employer, Employee, and Labour Union Concerns
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Occupational Health Hazards: Employer, Employee, and Labour Union Concerns Oscar Rikhotso 1,* , Thabiso John Morodi 1 and Daniel Masilu Masekameni 2 1 Department of Environmental Health, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; [email protected] 2 Occupational Health Division, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-123-824-923 Abstract: This review paper examines the extent of employer, worker, and labour union concerns to occupational health hazard exposure, as a function of previously reported and investigated com- plaints. Consequently, an online literature search was conducted, encompassing publicly available reports resulting from investigations, regulatory inspection, and enforcement activities conducted by relevant government structures from South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Of the three countries’ government structures, the United States’ exposure investigative activities con- ducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health returned literature search results aligned to the study design, in the form of health hazard evaluation reports reposited on its online database. The main initiators of investigated exposure cases were employers, workers, and unions at 86% of the analysed health hazard evaluation reports conducted between 2000 and 2020. In the synthesised literature, concerns to exposure from chemical and physical hazards were substantiated by occupational hygiene measurement outcomes confirming excessive exposures above regulated Citation: Rikhotso, O.; Morodi, T.J.; health and safety standards in general. Recommendations to abate the confirmed excessive exposures Masekameni, D.M. -
A Checklist for Inherently Safer Chemical Reaction Process Design and Operation
A Checklist for Inherently Safer Chemical Reaction Process Design and Operation Introduction Chemical reaction hazard identification • Reaction process design considerations Ž Where to get more help March 1, 2004 This Safety Alert can also be found on the CCPS Web site at http://www.aiche.org/ccps/safetyalert Copyright 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers The Center for Chemical Process Safety was established by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers in 1985 to focus on the engineering and management practices to prevent and mitigate major incidents involving the release of hazardous chemicals and hydrocarbons. CCPS is active worldwide through its comprehensive publishing program, annual technical conference, research, and instructional material for undergraduate engineering education. For more information about CCPS, please call 212-591-7319, e-mail [email protected], or visit www.aiche.org/ccps Copyright 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers 3 Park Avenue New York, New York 10016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright owner. It is sincerely hoped that the information presented in this document will lead to an even more impressive record for the entire industry; however, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, its consultants, CCPS Subcommittee members, their employers, and their employers’ officers and directors disclaim making or giving any warranties, expressed or implied, including with respect to fitness, intended purpose, use or merchantability and/or correctness or accuracy of the content of the information presented in this document. -
Part 18 Personal Protective Equipment Highlights
Occupational Health and Safety Code 2009 Part 18 Explanation Guide Part 18 Personal Protective Equipment Highlights • Section 229 recognizes that the face piece of a full face piece respirator can provide eye protection. • Section 232 requires workers to wear flame resistant outerwear if they could be exposed to a flash fire or electrical equipment flashover. • Section 233 provides several options in protective footwear. Footwear requirements are based on the hazards feet may be exposed to. External safety toecaps are permitted as an alternative to protective footwear when a medical condition prevents a worker from wearing normal protective footwear. Footwear approved to ASTM Standard F2413 is now acceptable for use in Alberta. • Section 234 recognizes both Canadian Standards Association (CSA) and American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards for protective headwear. • Section 235 requires employers to ensure that a worker riding a bicycle or using in-line skates or a similar means of transport wears an approved cycling helmet. • Section 246 requires employers to ensure that respiratory protective equipment must be approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) or by another organization that sets standards and tests equipment, and is approved by a Director of Occupational Hygiene. Directors of occupational hygiene are staff members of Alberta Human Resources and Employment appointed by the Minister under Section 5 of the OHS Act. • Section 247 requires that employers select respiratory protective equipment in accordance with CSA Standard Z94.4-02, Selection, Use and Care of Respirators. • Section 250 requires that employers test respiratory protective equipment for fit, according to CSA Standard Z94.4-02, Selection, Use and Care of Respirators, or a method approved by a Director of Occupational Hygiene.