As Prey of Crocodilians (Reptilia: Crocodylia) in Non-Marine Environments
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On the Presence of the Subnarial Foramen in Prestosuchus Chiniquensis (Pseudosuchia: Loricata) with Remarks on Its Phylogenetic Distribution
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2016) (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150456 www.scielo.br/aabc On the presence of the subnarial foramen in Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Pseudosuchia: Loricata) with remarks on its phylogenetic distribution LÚCIO ROBERTO-DA-SILVA1,2, MARCO A.G. FRANÇA3, SÉRGIO F. CABREIRA3, RODRIGO T. MÜLLER1 and SÉRGIO DIAS-DA-SILVA4 ¹Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brasil ²Laboratório de Paleontologia, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, Bairro São José, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brasil ³Laboratório de Paleontologia e Evolução de Petrolina, Campus de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Rodovia BR 407, Km12, Lote 543, 56300-000 Petrolina, PE, Brasil 4Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa da Quarta Colônia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rua Maximiliano Vizzotto, 598, 97230-000 São João do Polêsine, RS, Brasil Manuscript received on July 1, 2015; accepted for publication on April 15, 2016 ABSTRACT Many authors have discussed the subnarial foramen in Archosauriformes. Here presence among Archosauriformes, shape, and position of this structure is reported and its phylogenetic importance is investigated. Based on distribution and the phylogenetic tree, it probably arose independently in Erythrosuchus, Herrerasaurus, and Paracrocodylomorpha. In Paracrocodylomorpha the subnarial foramen is oval-shaped, placed in the middle height of the main body of the maxilla, and does not reach the height of ascending process. In basal loricatans from South America (Prestosuchus chiniquensis and Saurosuchus galilei) the subnarial foramen is ‘drop-like’ shaped, the subnarial foramen is located above the middle height of the main body of the maxilla, reaching the height of ascending process, a condition also present in Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis. -
New Insights on Prestosuchus Chiniquensis Huene
New insights on Prestosuchus chiniquensis Huene, 1942 (Pseudosuchia, Loricata) based on new specimens from the “Tree Sanga” Outcrop, Chiniqua´ Region, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Marcel B. Lacerda1, Bianca M. Mastrantonio1, Daniel C. Fortier2 and Cesar L. Schultz1 1 Instituto de Geocieˆncias, Laborato´rio de Paleovertebrados, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul–UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 2 CHNUFPI, Campus Amı´lcar Ferreira Sobral, Universidade Federal do Piauı´, Floriano, Piauı´, Brazil ABSTRACT The ‘rauisuchians’ are a group of Triassic pseudosuchian archosaurs that displayed a near global distribution. Their problematic taxonomic resolution comes from the fact that most taxa are represented only by a few and/or mostly incomplete specimens. In the last few decades, renewed interest in early archosaur evolution has helped to clarify some of these problems, but further studies on the taxonomic and paleobiological aspects are still needed. In the present work, we describe new material attributed to the ‘rauisuchian’ taxon Prestosuchus chiniquensis, of the Dinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone, Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of the Santa Maria Supersequence of southern Brazil, based on a comparative osteologic analysis. Additionally, we present well supported evidence that these represent juvenile forms, due to differences in osteological features (i.e., a subnarial fenestra) that when compared to previously described specimens can be attributed to ontogeny and indicate variation within a single taxon of a problematic but important -
Heptasuchus Clarki, from the ?Mid-Upper Triassic, Southeastern Big Horn Mountains, Central Wyoming (USA)
The osteology and phylogenetic position of the loricatan (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) Heptasuchus clarki, from the ?Mid-Upper Triassic, southeastern Big Horn Mountains, Central Wyoming (USA) † Sterling J. Nesbitt1, John M. Zawiskie2,3, Robert M. Dawley4 1 Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA 2 Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bloomfield Hills, MI, USA 3 Department of Geology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 4 Department of Biology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA, USA † Deceased author. ABSTRACT Loricatan pseudosuchians (known as “rauisuchians”) typically consist of poorly understood fragmentary remains known worldwide from the Middle Triassic to the end of the Triassic Period. Renewed interest and the discovery of more complete specimens recently revolutionized our understanding of the relationships of archosaurs, the origin of Crocodylomorpha, and the paleobiology of these animals. However, there are still few loricatans known from the Middle to early portion of the Late Triassic and the forms that occur during this time are largely known from southern Pangea or Europe. Heptasuchus clarki was the first formally recognized North American “rauisuchian” and was collected from a poorly sampled and disparately fossiliferous sequence of Triassic strata in North America. Exposed along the trend of the Casper Arch flanking the southeastern Big Horn Mountains, the type locality of Heptasuchus clarki occurs within a sequence of red beds above the Alcova Limestone and Crow Mountain formations within the Chugwater Group. The age of the type locality is poorly constrained to the Middle—early Late Triassic and is Submitted 17 June 2020 Accepted 14 September 2020 likely similar to or just older than that of the Popo Agie Formation assemblage from Published 27 October 2020 the western portion of Wyoming. -
Table of Contents
Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021 Contents Participants from the First Symposium of Early Archosaur Evolution vii NESBITT, S. J., DESOJO,J.B.&IRMIS, R. B. Anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology of early 1 archosaurs and their kin EZCURRA, M. D., BUTLER,R.J.&GOWER, D. J. ‘Proterosuchia’: the origin and early history of 9 Archosauriformes SOOKIAS,R.B.&BUTLER, R. J. Euparkeriidae 35 SUES, H.-D., DESOJO,J.B.&EZCURRA, M. D. Doswelliidae: a clade of unusual armoured 49 archosauriforms from the Middle and Late Triassic TROTTEYN, M. J., ARCUCCI,A.B.&RAUGUST, T. Proterochampsia: an endemic archosauriform 59 clade from South America STOCKER,M.R.&BUTLER, R. J. Phytosauria 91 DALLA VECCHIA, F. M. Triassic pterosaurs 119 LANGER, M. C., NESBITT, S. J., BITTENCOURT,J.S.&IRMIS, R. B. Non-dinosaurian 157 Dinosauromorpha VON BACZKO,M.B.&EZCURRA, M. D. Ornithosuchidae: a group of Triassic archosaurs with a 187 unique ankle joint DESOJO, J. B., HECKERT, A. B., MARTZ, J. W., PARKER, W. G., SCHOCH, R. R., 203 SMALL,B.J.&SULEJ, T. Aetosauria: a clade of armoured pseudosuchians from the Upper Triassic continental beds NESBITT, S. J., BRUSATTE, S. L., DESOJO, J. B., LIPARINI, A., DE FRANc¸a, M. A. G., 241 WEINBAUM,J.C.&GOWER, D. J. Rauisuchia IRMIS, R. B., NESBITT,S.J.&SUES, H.-D. Early Crocodylomorpha 275 RAUGUST, T., LACERDA,M.&SCHULTZ, C. L. The first occurrence of Chanaresuchus bonapartei 303 Romer 1971 (Archosauriformes, Proterochampsia) of the Middle Triassic of Brazil from the Santacruzodon Assemblage Zone, Santa Maria Formation (Parana´ Basin) NIEDZ´ WIEDZKI, G., BRUSATTE,S.L.&BUTLER,R.J.Prorotodactylus and Rotodactylus tracks: an 319 ichnological record of dinosauromorphs from the Early–Middle Triassic of Poland LANGER,M.C.&FERIGOLO, J. -
CROCODYLIDAE Crocodylus Rhombifer
n REPTILIA: CROCODILIA: CROCODYLIDAE Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Crocidilrts rhornbifer: Velasco 1893:80. Spelling error. Crocodrilus rhombifer: Velasco 1895:37. Spelling error. Ross, F.D. 1998. Crocodylus rliombifer. Crocodiltrs rliombifenrs: Reese 1915:2. Spelling error. Crocodylus rhombifer: Stejneger 19 17:289. First use of present Crocodylus rhombifer (Cuvier) combination. Cuban Crocodile Crocodylus antillensis Varona 1966:27, figs. 9-1 I. Type local- ity, Pleistocene deposits at Cueva Lamas, near Santa Fe, La Crocodilrrs rhombifer Cuvier 1807:s 1. Distribution of the spe- Habana Province, Cuba. Holotype (posterior skull fragment), cies was first associated with Cuba by DumCril and Bibron Institute Biologia Cuba, IB I0 I, collected by Oscar Arredondo (1836), who also described the species from life in diagnos- (OA 368). Paratypes include maxillary, premaxillary, and tic detail. The type locality was restricted to Cuba by Schmidt squamosal bones. Synonymy is by Varona (1966). (1924). Two known syntypes, one at I'AcadCmie des Sci- Crocodylus rhontbifera: Das 1994:200. Spelling error. ences, Paris, and the other in the MusCum National de'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHNP),are both currently unlocated (see CONTENT. Crocodylus rhombifpr is a monotypic species Remarks). No lectotype has been designated. including Pleistocene fossils. Wild hybrids are suspected. For croc rhombifer: Cuvier 18 17:2 1 (in a footnote). a discussion of captive hybridization between C. rhombifer and Crocodilus @laniro.stris)Graves 18 19:348. Type locality: "Af- several other species of Crocod.ylus, see Comments. rica" (in error). The type specimen, in the Museum of Bor- deaux, was formerly in the private collection of the Count of DEFINITION and DIAGNOSIS. -
An Enigmatic New Archosauriform from the Carnian– Norian, Upper Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation of Northwestern Argentina
Editors' choice An enigmatic new archosauriform from the Carnian– Norian, Upper Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina IMANOL YÁÑEZ, DIEGO POL, JUAN MARTÍN LEARDI, OSCAR A. ALCOBER, and RICARDO N. MARTÍNEZ Yáñez, I., Pol, D., Leardi, J.M., Alcober, O.A., and Martínez, R.N. 2021. An enigmatic new archosauriform from the Carnian–Norian, Upper Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 66 (X): xxx–xxx. In this contribution we introduce a new Late Triassic archosaur, Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov., with an unusual combination of character states that are present in certain early avemetatarsalian and pseudosuchian archosaur clades. The holotype consists of a partial postcranial skeleton, preserving most of the axial skeleton and displaying a marked anteroposterior elongation in the cervical vertebrae. We include I. longicollum gen. et sp. nov. into one of the most comprehensive early archosaur phylogenetic data sets available, and recover it as either an early diverging avemetatarsalian, closely associated with the clade Aphanosauria and Ornithodira, or as an early diverging loricatan closely related to Mandasuchus tanyauchen in the most parsimonious trees. We further evaluate which alternative phylogenetic positions can I. longicollum gen. et sp. nov. take in the suboptimal trees, and determined which character states support those alternative positions in comparison with those of the unconstrained analysis. The analyses recover the new taxon in three main general phylogenetic placements within Archosauria, as well as one position outside this clade, highlighting widespread morphological evolutionary convergence towards neck elongation in several clades of Triassic archosauriforms. Key words: Archosauria, Archosauriformes, Ischigualasto, osteology, phylogeny, taxonomy, Late Triassic, Argentina. -
Gharial Gavialis Gangeticus Colin Stevenson1 and Romulus Whitaker2
Gharial Gavialis gangeticus Colin Stevenson1 and Romulus Whitaker2 1 Crocodile Encounters, 37 Mansfi eld Drive, Merstham, Surrey, UK ([email protected]); 2 Ex-Offi cio Trustee, Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, PO Box 21, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu 603001, India ([email protected]) Common Names: Gharial, Indian Gharial, gavial regarded as an adaptation to a predominantly fi sh diet. It is one of the largest of the living crocodilians (males up to 6 Range: India, Nepal, Bangladesh (extinct?), Bhutan (extinct), m, and average weight of around 160 kg). The species is Myanmar (extinct), Pakistan (extinct) the only member of the Family Gavialidae, although recent molecular evidence suggests that Tomistoma schlegelii also belongs to this family (Densmore 1983; Willis et al. 2007). The Gharial is arguably the most thoroughly aquatic of the extant crocodilians, and adults apparently do not have the ability to walk in a semi-upright stance as other crocodilians do (Bustard and Singh 1978; Whitaker and Basu 1983). Adult males grow a bulbous nasal appendage, which resembles an Indian pot called a ‘ghara’, from which the species derives its name. Figure 1. Distribution of Gavialis gangeticus. Conservation Overview CITES: Appendix I CSG Action Plan: Availability of survey data: Inadequate Figure 2. Gavialis gangeticus, featuring the distinctive ’ghara’ Need for wild population recovery: Highest of adult males. Photograph: Grahame Webb. Potential for sustainable management: Low 2009 IUCN Red List: CR (Critically Endangered. Criteria Historically, G. gangeticus was found in the northern part of A2bc. C1. A2: population decline ≥80% over the last 10 years the Indian subcontinent, in the Indus (Pakistan), Ganges (India or 3 generations (whichever is longer); C1: population size and Nepal), Mahanadi (India) and Brahmaputra (Bangladesh, estimated at less than 250 breeding adults; IUCN 2009) (last India and Bhutan) River systems. -
The Skull Anatomy and Cranial Endocast of the Pseudosuchid Archosaur Prestosuchus Chiniquensis from the Triassic of Brazil
The skull anatomy and cranial endocast of the pseudosuchid archosaur Prestosuchus chiniquensis from the Triassic of Brazil BIANCA MARTINS MASTRANTONIO, MARÍA BELÉN VON BACZKO, JULIA BRENDA DESOJO, and CESAR L. SCHULTZ Mastrantonio, B.M., Baczko, M.B. von, Desojo, J.B., and Schultz, C.L. 2019. The skull anatomy and cranial endocast of the pseudosuchid archosaur Prestosuchus chiniquensis from the Triassic of Brazil. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 64 (1): 171–198. Prestosuchus chiniquensis is the most famous “rauisuchian” described by Friedrich von Huene, eight decades ago, and several specimens have been assigned to this taxon since then. In the present contribution, we provide the first detailed description of a complete and very well preserved skull (including the braincase) assigned to Prestosuchus chiniquensis from the Dinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone of the Santa Maria Supersequence of southern Brazil. The detailed descrip- tion of the skull of Prestosuchus chiniquensis, besides increasing the knowledge about this taxon, may help elucidate the taxonomic relationships of pseudosuchians even further, since most of the characters used in phylogenetic analyzes are cranial. The presence of the subnarial fenestra, a controvertial extra opening on the skull of “rauisuchians”, is thoroughly discussed considering the evidence provided by this new specimen. We consider that the small slit-opening between the premaxilla and the maxilla in Prestosuchus chiniquensis, can not safely be considered a true fenestra, but indicates more likely the existence of some degree of cranial kinesis between these elements which can result in different relative positions of the bones after definitive burial and fossilization, so that the size and shape of this opening is taphonomically controlled. -
University of Birmingham Mass Extinctions Drove Increased Global
University of Birmingham Mass extinctions drove increased global faunal cosmopolitanism on the supercontinent Pangaea Button, David; Lloyd, Graeme; Ezcurra, Martin; Butler, Richard License: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY) Document Version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (Harvard): Button, D, Lloyd, G, Ezcurra, M & Butler, R 2017, 'Mass extinctions drove increased global faunal cosmopolitanism on the supercontinent Pangaea', Nature Communications, vol. 8, 733. <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00827-7> Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. When citing, please reference the published version. Take down policy While the University of Birmingham exercises care and attention in making items available there are rare occasions when an item has been uploaded in error or has been deemed to be commercially or otherwise sensitive. -
Mandasuchus Tanyauchen Gen. Et Sp. Nov., a Pseudosuchian Archosaur
Mandasuchus tanyauchen gen. et sp. nov., a pseudosuchian archosaur from the Manda Beds (?Middle Triassic) of Tanzania Butler, Richard; Nesbitt, Sterling; Charig, Alan; Gower, D.J.; Barrett, Paul DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2017.1343728 License: None: All rights reserved Document Version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (Harvard): Butler, R, Nesbitt, S, Charig, A, Gower, DJ & Barrett, P 2018, 'Mandasuchus tanyauchen gen. et sp. nov., a pseudosuchian archosaur from the Manda Beds (?Middle Triassic) of Tanzania' Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol. 37, pp. 96-121. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1343728 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal Publisher Rights Statement: This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology on 27th March 2018, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/02724634.2017.1343728. Checked 26/7/18. General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. -
Geographical Distribution and Conservation Biology of the Mesopotamian Spiny-Tailed Lizard Saara Loricata in Bushehr Province, Southern Iran
SHORT NOTE The Herpetological Bulletin 139, 2017: 28-30 Geographical distribution and conservation biology of the Mesopotamian spiny-tailed lizard Saara loricata in Bushehr Province, southern Iran FARZANEH NAZARI-SERENJEH1 & FARHANG TORKI2,* 1Payame Noor University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2FTEHCR (Farhang Torki Ecology and Herpetology Center for Research), P. O. Box: 68315-139 Nourabad City, Lorestan Province, Iran *Corresponding author Email: [email protected] INTRODUCTION piny-tailed lizards are inhabitants of the deserts and semi-deserts of North Africa, Arabia, and the Middle SEast (Wilms et al., 2009). Three species are found in Iran: Uromastyx aegyptius, Saara asmussi and Saara loricata (Anderson, 1963, 1974, 1999; Firouz, 2000; Wilms, 2005; Sindaco and Jeremcenko, 2008, Šmíd et al., 2014). The Mesopotamian spiny-tailed lizard (S. loricata) is confined to the Mesopotamian plain and Zagros foothills of Iraq and southwestern Iran, and the Gulf coastal plain of southwestern Iran (Leviton et al., 1992; Anderson, 1999). In Iran, this includes the provinces of Kordestan, Kermanshah, Khuzestan, Lorestan, Bushehr and Fars (Anderson, 1974; Wilms, 2005). The species is possibly present in Kuwait, however this needs to be confirmed (Papenfuss et al., 2008). Most studies of the Mesopotamian spiny-tailed lizard have concerned the taxonomic status of the species and its affinities (Haas and Werner, 1969; Joger, 1986; Moody, 1987; Anderson, 1999; Wilms et al., 2009). Investigation Figure 1. Map showing the location of Bushehr Province and of conservation ecology has been limited to a handful the locations of the detailed areas (numbered 1-5) mentioned of papers (Frynta, 1997) and there has been no recent in the text information on the distribution and abundance of the species in Iran for assessment of conservation issues. -
A New Large-Bodied Thalattosuchian Crocodyliform from the Lower Jurassic
A new large-bodied thalattosuchian crocodyliform from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) of Hungary, with further evidence of the mosaic acquisition of marine adaptations in Metriorhynchoidea Attila O˝ si1,2, Mark T. Young3, Andra´s Gala´cz1 and Ma´rton Rabi4,5 1 Department of Paleontology, Eo¨tvo¨s University, Budapest, Hungary 2 Department of Paleontology and Geology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary 3 Grant Institute, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK 4 Central Natural Science Collections, Martin-Luther Universita¨t Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany 5 Institute for Geosciences, University of Tu¨bingen, Tu¨bingen, Germany ABSTRACT Based on associated and three-dimensionally preserved cranial and postcranial remains, a new thalattosuchian crocodyliform, Magyarosuchus fitosi gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Jurassic (Upper Toarcian) Kisgerecse Marl Formation, Gerecse Mountains, Hungary is described here. Phylogenetic analyses using three different datasets indicate that M. fitosi is the sister taxon of Pelagosaurus typus forming together the basal-most sub-clade of Metriorhynchoidea. With an estimated body length of 4.67–4.83 m M. fitosi is the largest known non-metriorhynchid metriorhynchoid. Besides expanding Early Jurassic thalattosuchian diversity, the new specimen is of great importance since, unlike most contemporaneous estuarine, lagoonal or coastal thalattosuchians, it comes from an ‘ammonitico rosso’ type pelagic deposit of the Mediterranean region of the Tethys. A distal caudal vertebra having an unusually elongate and dorsally projected neural spine implies the Submitted 12 February 2018 presence of at least a rudimentary hypocercal tail fin and a slight ventral Accepted 5 April 2018 displacement of the distal caudal vertebral column in this basal metriorhynchoid.