DOCSLIB.ORG

CROCODYLIDAE Crocodylus Rhombifer

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

n REPTILIA: CROCODILIA: CROCODYLIDAE Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Crocidilrts rhornbifer: Velasco 1893:80. Spelling error. Crocodrilus rhombifer: Velasco 1895:37. Spelling error. Ross, F.D. 1998. Crocodylus rliombifer. Crocodiltrs rliombifenrs: Reese 1915:2. Spelling error. Crocodylus rhombifer: Stejneger 19 17:289. First use of present Crocodylus rhombifer (Cuvier) combination. Cuban Crocodile Crocodylus antillensis Varona 1966:27, figs. 9-1 I. Type local- ity, Pleistocene deposits at Cueva Lamas, near Santa Fe, La Crocodilrrs rhombifer Cuvier 1807:s 1. Distribution of the spe- Habana Province, Cuba. Holotype (posterior skull fragment), cies was first associated with Cuba by DumCril and Bibron Institute Biologia Cuba, IB I0 I, collected by Oscar Arredondo (1836), who also described the species from life in diagnos- (OA 368). Paratypes include maxillary, premaxillary, and tic detail. The type locality was restricted to Cuba by Schmidt squamosal bones. Synonymy is by Varona (1966). (1924). Two known syntypes, one at I'AcadCmie des Sci- Crocodylus rhontbifera: Das 1994:200. Spelling error. ences, Paris, and the other in the MusCum National de'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHNP),are both currently unlocated (see CONTENT. Crocodylus rhombifpr is a monotypic species Remarks). No lectotype has been designated. including Pleistocene fossils. Wild hybrids are suspected. For croc rhombifer: Cuvier 18 17:2 1 (in a footnote). a discussion of captive hybridization between C. rhombifer and Crocodilus @laniro.stris)Graves 18 19:348. Type locality: "Af- several other species of Crocod.ylus, see Comments. rica" (in error). The type specimen, in the Museum of Bor- deaux, was formerly in the private collection of the Count of DEFINITION and DIAGNOSIS. Crocodylus rhombifer is Tustal, M. Joumu-Aubert, and was brought to France by a a spotted crocodile with short legs and short toes. The normal naval surgeon associated with the slave trade (Bory St. Vincent crocodilian webbing between the hind toes is very much re- 1824). It has long been considered lost (Gray 1867). Syn- duced. The Cuban Crocodile's moderately short head has a onymy and type locality restriction to Cuba are by Gray greatly reduced and specialized dentition characterized by 12- (1862). 13 maxillary teeth and, in adult animals, the development of a Champse rhombifer: Merrem 1820:36. New genus. Misquoted carnasial bite between the upper and lower jaws. The maxi- by Strauch ( 1866) as Chnntpses. mum reported size is 4.9 m, although few animals exceed 3.5 m Crocodilus (Gravesii): Bory de Saint Vincent 1824: 109. Sub- (Varona 1966). Behavior such as high-walking and maintain- stitute name for planirostris Graves. ing the head elevated while resting are characteristic. Crocodilus planirostris: Bory de Saint Vincent 1824: 109. Characteristic dentition includes the carnasial bite in which fi Crocodilus Gravesii: Bory de Saint Vincent 183 1: 132. co-enlarged maxillary upper teeth 4 and 5 and co-enlarged man- Crocodilrrs Rhombifer: Gray 183 l b:22; Cuvier 183 1 :98. dibular lower teeth 9 to 11 act in a single, very strong side-by- Crocodilrts Planirostris: Gray 183 1 b:23. side opposition that resembles a pair of scissors, especially when Crocodiht.~(Champs6s) rhombifer: Cocteau and Bibron 1838:4 1. empldyed for cutting tendons while dismembering large prey. Crocodilus (rhombifer): Drapiez 1838:234. The posterior-most maxillary teeth, and also their opposing pos- Crocodilr~s(ChamsPs) rhombifer: Cocteau and Bibron 184 1 :55. terior-most mandibular teeth, are blunt at their tips, and are re- Crocodilrrs (Palinia) rhombifer: Gray 1844:60. duced to a vestigial condition unsuited for major chewing or Crocodilrrs Chanzpse rhombifer: Mayer 1858:3 15. crushing. Mandibular teeth number 15, premaxillary teeth 5, Pulinia rhombifera: Gray 1862:270. and maxillary teeth always fewer than 14 (range 12-1 3 alveoli). Crocodilrispristinus Leidy 1868: 178. Type locality, Pleistocene Mandibular tooth 10 is the largest after mandibular tooth 4. All deposits at Ciego Montero, Cienfuegos (formerly Las Villas) allegations of 14 maxillary teeth are false. Some are based on Province, Cuba. Holotype (a dorsal vertebra), Academy of the palatal view in Cuvier ( 1808: pl. I, fig. 2; see Comments). Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP) VP 8598. Syn- The lateral view of the same tooth row (Cuvier 1808: pl. I, fig. onymy is by Matthew (1918). 3) shows 13 maxillary teeth. Other reports of 14 maxillary teeth FlGUKli I. Low ant1 cvcnly keeled dorsal and lateral scalation of a captive adult Cuban Crocodile, Cmcodvlus rhombifer (Cuvier). The high walk posture is characteristic of this species. Photograph by I.L. Brisbin. I are from Central American Crocodyl~tsrnorelerii mixed in some and farther forward, at the level of maxillary teeth 4-5, the me- samples. In addition, some erroneous C. rhombiferdata in Owen dian nasal bones are always higher than the lateral maxillary (1 853) were reidentified by Gray ( 1867) to be Asian C. pa11alrtstr.i.~. humps in individuals >2 m TL. The width of the snout at the The dentition of C. rhombifrr most closely resembles a C. transverse level of the notch for the fourth mandibular teeth is robustlrs fossil, from Madagascar, that has 12 maxillary teeth longer than the midline length from the anterior tip of the snout (see Fossil Record). to the level of the notch. Incomplete notch development can The dorsal surface of the head has median orbital edges that very rarely hide the fourth maxillary tooth tip from median dor- often are strongly raised at the midlevel of the eyes, and the sal view. The snout tip around the nostrils is short, broad, and orbits are large in proportion to skull size when compared with dorsoventrally thick. Mandibular tooth I rarely pierces the an- most other Crocodylus. Arudirnentary bony plate is in the ante- terior end edge of the premaxillary bone. The mandibular sym- rior corner of the upper eyelid. Except in very young individu- physis extends to the level of the 4th teeth on each side when als, the lateral edges of the dorsal postorbital cranial table are viewed from below with skin; or to the level of mandibular tooth usually raised above the center, and the postorbital cranial table 5, when viewed from above on cleaned lower jaws. Mandibu- widens posteriorly at the back end of the skull. Knobs of the lar symphysis length is less than the width of the mandibles at elevated squamosal bone often are highly developed at the pos- the transverse level of mandibular teeth 4 or 5. The premaxil- terior and lateral corners of the cranial table in adults. On the lary-maxillary suture on the palate is essentially transverse. but snout, in front of the eyes, a minor median hump is often present, often a minor median, anterior projection gives it a broad, very MAP. The natural distribution of Crocodylus rhornbifer, including Pleistocene fossils. The type locality is too imprecise to plot. Dots mark locations of extant populations and stars indicate sites at which fossils have been found. The Isle of Pines currently supports captive and reintro- duced populations, whereas those in the Zapata Swamp, Cuba include wild and captive populations. FIGURE 2. Partial lateral view (upper drawing) and complete dorsal view of the scalation (lower drawing) of a fluid preserved subadult Crocodylus rhombifer in the Zoological Museum of the University of Amsterdam (ZMA 12510) showing: a. the most anterior caudal transverse row of scales to pass posterior to the cloacal region is C-3 (the 3rd caudal row), using the terminology of Ross and Mayer (1983); b. the cloacal region in relation to the hind limb (marked with an open circle); c. the first transverse dorsal precaudal scale row (PC-1); d. lateral body scales form two lengthwise scale rows separated from the contiguous transverse rows of the dorsal armor, and from each other by granular skin; e. the lateral end of the ventral gular collar (also see Fig. 3a) is at the anterior edge of the base of the front leg (marked with a star); f. conical scales on the lateral surface of the neck; g. the 17th precaudal scale row (PC-17); h. the neck shield is PC-20 and PC-21 combined as a transverse row of 2 scales, and PC-22 and PC-23 combined as a transverse row of 4 scales; i. the 26th precaudal transverse scale row (PC-26); j. the squamosal horns of the cranial table; k. the rhomboidal shape that gave C. rhombifer its name. Drawings by ED. Ross. shallow "W" shape. This projection extends posteriorly to the are low, even in size, uninterrupted, and continue well onto the level of maxillary tooth 1, or slightly beyond, but not to tooth 2 base of the tail. Neither the 18-20 double crest caudal rows nor in the maxillary series. The palate is short and appreciably raised the more posterior 17 or 18 single crest caudal rows are highly above the maxillary tooth row. The mandibles are short and or sharply keeled dorsally. The lateral body scutes have low dorsoventrally thickened (see Comments). and essentially continuous keels much like the keels on the dor- The dorsal and lateral scalation of the neck includes small, sal scales, and the lateral rows are separated from each other raised scales surrounding the neck shields. These conically and from the dorsal armor by granular skin. keeled scutes are likely ossified in adult animals and cover the The dorsal scales on the limbs often are raised to a central dorsal neck muscles with a protective armor, while still allow- conical peak or a short median point, as opposed to a length- ing the head to have lateral and vertical movement. The wise ridge. The cone shape is more developed than in any other postoccipital transverse scale row, close behind the head, has living Crocodylus.
Recommended publications
  • Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus Niloticus) Genetic Diversity and Population Structure, Within the Lower Kunene and Okavango Rivers of Northern Namibia

    Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus Niloticus) Genetic Diversity and Population Structure, Within the Lower Kunene and Okavango Rivers of Northern Namibia

    Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) genetic diversity and population structure, within the lower Kunene and Okavango Rivers of northern Namibia by William F. Versfeld Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Faculty of Natural Science at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Dr Ruhan Slabbert Co-Supervisor: Dr Clint Rhode and Dr Alison Leslie Department of Genetics Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: March 2016 Copyright © 2016 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract The Nile crocodile has experienced numerous stages of illegal hunting pressures in the mid-20th- century across most of the species’ distribution. The reduced Nile crocodile populations have shown partial recovery and it is currently considered as a “lower risk” / “least concern” species on the Red List of International Union for Conservation of Nature. In Namibia, however, the Nile crocodile is recognised as a protected game species under the Nature Conservation Ordinance No 4 of 1975, allowing trophy hunting of the species only with the issuing of a hunting licence. Census and genetic data of the Nile crocodile is limited or non-existing in Namibia and the country has recently developed a species management plan to conserve the wild populations.
  • Tomistoma Tomistoma Schlegelii Mark R

    Tomistoma Tomistoma Schlegelii Mark R

    Tomistoma Tomistoma schlegelii Mark R. Bezuijen1, Bruce M. Shwedick2, Ralf Sommerlad3, Colin Stevenson4 and Robert B. Steubing5 1 PO Box 183, Ferny Creek, Victoria 3786, Australia ([email protected]); 2 Crocodile Conservation Services, PO Box 3176, Plant City, FL 33563, USA ([email protected]); 3 Roedelheimer Landstr. 42, Frankfurt, Hessen 60487, Germany ([email protected]); 4 Crocodile Encounters, 37 Mansfi eld Drive, Merstham, Surrey, UK ([email protected]); 5 10 Locust Hill Road, Cincinnati, OH 45245, USA ([email protected]) Common Names: Tomistoma, sunda gharial, false gharial, 2009 IUCN Red List: EN (Endangered. Criteria: C1: buaya sumpit, buaya senjulung/Julung (Indonesia), takong Population estimate is less than 2500 mature individuals, (Thailand) with continuing decline of at least 25% within 5 years or two generations. Widespread, but in low numbers; IUCN 2009). It is likely that criteria A1(c): “a decline in the area Range: Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra, Java), Malaysia of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or decline in habitat” (Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak), Brunei, Thailand also applies, as habitat loss is the key threat to the species. (extirpated?) (Last assessed in 2000). Principal threats: Habitat destruction Ecology and Natural History Tomistoma (Tomistoma schlegelii) is a freshwater, mound- nesting crocodilian with a distinctively long, narrow snout. It is one of the largest of crocodilians, with males attaining lengths of up to 5 m. The current distribution of Tomistoma extends over lowland regions of eastern Sumatra, Kalimantan and western Java (Indonesia) and Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia (Malaysia), within 5 degrees north and south of the equator (Stuebing et al. 2006). Tomistoma apparently occurred in southern Thailand historically, but there have been no reports since at least the 1970s and it is probably extirpated there (Ratanakorn et al.
  • 2019 Crocodile SG Report

    2019 Crocodile SG Report

    IUCN SSC Crocodile Specialist Group 2019 Report Grahame J.W. Webb Chair Mission statement international forums (e.g. CITES); (3) develop Grahame J.W. Webb (1) The Mission of the IUCN SSC Crocodile ‘CSG Conservation Priorities for World Croc- Specialist Group (CSG) is to assist the Interna- odilians’; (4) update the Crocodilian Capacity Red List Authority Coordinator tional Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Building Manual. James Perran Ross (2) and the Species Survival Commission (SSC) to Research activities: quantify taxonomic and meet their missions with regard to the conser- population status of the Rio Apaporis Caiman Location/Affiliation vation, management and sustainable use of (Caiman crocodilus apaporiensis, Colombia). (1) Wildlife Management International world crocodilians. Act Pty. Limited, Darwin, Australia Conservation actions: improve the status (2) Rocky Point Consulting LLC, Gainesville, Projected impact for the 2017–2020 of wild Siamese Crocodile (Crocodylus Florida, US quadrennium siamensis) populations through reintroduc- tion programmes (Cambodia, Viet Nam, and By the end of 2020, we envisage: (1) increased Thailand). Number of members reintroductions and improved status of wild 642 populations of Critically Endangered (CR) Network crocodilian species (e.g. Alligator sinensis in Capacity building: (1) fund up to 20 postgrad- Social networks China, Crocodylus siamensis in Cambodia uate students per annum through the CSG Facebook: IUCN Crocodile Specialist Group and Thailand, C. mindorensis and C. porosus Student Research Assistance Scheme; Website: www.iucncsg.org in the Philippines, C. rhombifer in Cuba and (2) continue promoting the CSG Future Leaders C. intermedius in Venezuela and Colombia); Program. (2) improved legal protection status of habitat Communication: investigate the concept for C.
  • Crocodylomorpha, Neosuchia), and a Discussion on the Genus Theriosuchus

    Crocodylomorpha, Neosuchia), and a Discussion on the Genus Theriosuchus

    bs_bs_banner Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015. With 5 figures The first definitive Middle Jurassic atoposaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Neosuchia), and a discussion on the genus Theriosuchus MARK T. YOUNG1,2, JONATHAN P. TENNANT3*, STEPHEN L. BRUSATTE1,4, THOMAS J. CHALLANDS1, NICHOLAS C. FRASER1,4, NEIL D. L. CLARK5 and DUGALD A. ROSS6 1School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, The King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK 2School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK 3Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW6 2AZ, UK 4National Museums Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK 5The Hunterian, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK 6Staffin Museum, 6 Ellishadder, Staffin, Isle of Skye IV51 9JE, UK Received 1 December 2014; revised 23 June 2015; accepted for publication 24 June 2015 Atoposaurids were a clade of semiaquatic crocodyliforms known from the Late Jurassic to the latest Cretaceous. Tentative remains from Europe, Morocco, and Madagascar may extend their range into the Middle Jurassic. Here we report the first unambiguous Middle Jurassic (late Bajocian–Bathonian) atoposaurid: an anterior dentary from the Isle of Skye, Scotland, UK. A comprehensive review of atoposaurid specimens demonstrates that this dentary can be referred to Theriosuchus based on several derived characters, and differs from the five previously recog- nized species within this genus. Despite several diagnostic features, we conservatively refer it to Theriosuchus sp., pending the discovery of more complete material. As the oldest known definitively diagnostic atoposaurid, this discovery indicates that the oldest members of this group were small-bodied, had heterodont dentition, and were most likely widespread components of European faunas.
  • How to Tell the Difference Between Native Rock Iguanas and Invasive Green Iguanas by Elaine A

    How to Tell the Difference Between Native Rock Iguanas and Invasive Green Iguanas by Elaine A

    How to Tell the Difference Between Native Rock Iguanas and Invasive Green Iguanas By Elaine A. Powers Illustrated by Anderson Atlas Many of the islands in the Caribbean Sea, known as the West Rock Iguanas (Cyclura) Indies, have native iguanas. B Cuban Rock Iguana (Cyclura nubila), Cuba They are called Rock Iguanas. C Sister Isles Rock Iguana (Cyclura nubila caymanensis), Cayman Brac and Invasive Green Iguanas have been introduced on these islands and Little Cayman are a threat to the Rock Iguanas. They compete for food, territory D Grand Cayman Blue Iguana (Cyclura lewisi), Grand Cayman and nesting areas. E Jamaican Rock Iguana (Cyclura collei), Jamaica This booklet is designed to help you identify the native Rock F Turks & Caicos Rock Iguana (Cyclura carinata), Turks and Caicos. Iguanas from the invasive Greens. G Booby Cay Rock Iguana (Cyclura carinata bartschi), Booby Cay, Bahamas H Andros Rock Iguana (Cyclura cychlura), Andros, Bahamas West Indies I Exuma Rock Iguana (Cyclura cychlura figginsi), Exuma Islands, Bahamas Exumas BAHAMAS J Allen’s Cay Rock Iguana (Cyclura cychlura inornata), Exuma Islands, J Islands Bahamas M San Salvador Andros Island H Booby Cay K Anegada Iguana (Cyclura pinguis), British Virgin Islands Allens Cay White G I Cay Ricord’s Iguana (Cyclura ricordi), Hispaniola O F Turks & Caicos L CUBA NAcklins Island M San Salvador Rock Iguana (Cyclura rileyi), San Salvador, Bahamas Anegada HISPANIOLA CAYMAN ISLANDS K N Acklins Rock Iguana (Cyclura rileyi nuchalis), Acklins Islands, Bahamas B PUERTO RICO O White Cay Rock Iguana (Cyclura rileyi cristata), Exuma Islands, Bahamas Grand Cayman D C JAMAICA BRITISH P Rhinoceros Iguana (Cyclura cornuta), Hispanola Cayman Brac & VIRGIN Little Cayman E L P Q Mona ISLANDS Q Mona Island Iguana (Cyclura stegnegeri), Mona Island, Puerto Rico Island 2 3 When you see an iguana, ask: What kind do I see? Do you see a big face scale, as round as can be? What species is that iguana in front of me? It’s below the ear, that’s where it will be.
  • 8. Archosaur Phylogeny and the Relationships of the Crocodylia

    8. Archosaur Phylogeny and the Relationships of the Crocodylia

    8. Archosaur phylogeny and the relationships of the Crocodylia MICHAEL J. BENTON Department of Geology, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK JAMES M. CLARK* Department of Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA Abstract The Archosauria include the living crocodilians and birds, as well as the fossil dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and basal 'thecodontians'. Cladograms of the basal archosaurs and of the crocodylomorphs are given in this paper. There are three primitive archosaur groups, the Proterosuchidae, the Erythrosuchidae, and the Proterochampsidae, which fall outside the crown-group (crocodilian line plus bird line), and these have been defined as plesions to a restricted Archosauria by Gauthier. The Early Triassic Euparkeria may also fall outside this crown-group, or it may lie on the bird line. The crown-group of archosaurs divides into the Ornithosuchia (the 'bird line': Orn- ithosuchidae, Lagosuchidae, Pterosauria, Dinosauria) and the Croco- dylotarsi nov. (the 'crocodilian line': Phytosauridae, Crocodylo- morpha, Stagonolepididae, Rauisuchidae, and Poposauridae). The latter three families may form a clade (Pseudosuchia s.str.), or the Poposauridae may pair off with Crocodylomorpha. The Crocodylomorpha includes all crocodilians, as well as crocodi- lian-like Triassic and Jurassic terrestrial forms. The Crocodyliformes include the traditional 'Protosuchia', 'Mesosuchia', and Eusuchia, and they are defined by a large number of synapomorphies, particularly of the braincase and occipital regions. The 'protosuchians' (mainly Early *Present address: Department of Zoology, Storer Hall, University of California, Davis, Cali- fornia, USA. The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Volume 1: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds (ed. M.J. Benton), Systematics Association Special Volume 35A . pp. 295-338. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1988.
  • Forgotten Crocodile from the Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin, New

    Forgotten Crocodile from the Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin, New

    posed that the narial cavities of Para- Wima1l- saurolophuswere vocal resonating chambers' Goniopholiskirtlandicus Apparently included with this material shippedto Wiman was a partial skull that lromthe Wiman describedas a new speciesof croc- forgottencrocodile odile, Goniopholis kirtlandicus. Wiman publisheda descriptionof G. kirtlandicusin Basin, 1932in the Bulletin of the GeologicalInstitute KirtlandFormation, San Juan of IJppsala. Notice of this specieshas not appearedin any Americanpublication. Klilin NewMexico (1955)presented a descriptionand illustration of the speciesin French, but essentially repeatedWiman (1932). byDonald L. Wolberg, Vertebrate Paleontologist, NewMexico Bureau of lVlinesand Mineral Resources, Socorro, NIM Localityinformation for Crocodilian bone, armor, and teeth are Goni o p holi s kir t landicus common in Late Cretaceous and Early Ter- The skeletalmaterial referred to Gonio- tiary deposits of the San Juan Basin and pholis kirtlandicus includesmost of the right elsewhere.In the Fruitland and Kirtland For- side of a skull, a squamosalfragment, and a mations of the San Juan Basin, Late Creta- portion of dorsal plate. The referral of the ceous crocodiles were important carnivores of dorsalplate probably represents an interpreta- the reconstructed stream and stream-bank tion of the proximity of the material when community (Wolberg, 1980). In the Kirtland found. Figs. I and 2, taken from Wiman Formation, a mesosuchian crocodile, Gonio- (1932),illustrate this material. pholis kirtlandicus, discovered by Charles H. Wiman(1932, p. 181)recorded the follow- Sternbergin the early 1920'sand not described ing locality data, provided by Sternberg: until 1932 by Carl Wiman, has been all but of Crocodile.Kirtland shalesa 100feet ignored since its description and referral. "Skull below the Ojo Alamo Sandstonein the blue Specimensreferred to other crocodilian genera cley.
  • Using Environmental DNA to Detect Estuarine Crocodiles, a Cryptic

    Using Environmental DNA to Detect Estuarine Crocodiles, a Cryptic

    Human–Wildlife Interactions 14(1):64–72, Spring 2020 • digitalcommons.usu.edu/hwi Using environmental DNA to detect estuarine crocodiles, a cryptic-ambush predator of humans Alea Rose, Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia Yusuke Fukuda, Department of Environment & Natural Resources, Northern Territory Govern- ment, P.O. Box 496, Palmerston, Northern Territory 0831, Australia Hamish A. Campbell, Research Institute of Livelihoods and the Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia [email protected] Abstract: Negative human–wildlife interactions can be better managed by early detection of the wildlife species involved. However, many animals that pose a threat to humans are highly cryptic, and detecting their presence before the interaction occurs can be challenging. We describe a method whereby the presence of the estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), a cryptic and potentially dangerous predator of humans, was detected using traces of DNA shed into the water, known as environmental DNA (eDNA). The estuarine crocodile is present in waterways throughout southeast Asia and Oceania and has been responsible for >1,000 attacks upon humans in the past decade. A critical factor in the crocodile’s capability to attack humans is their ability to remain hidden in turbid waters for extended periods, ambushing humans that enter the water or undertake activities around the waterline. In northern Australia, we sampled water from aquariums where crocodiles were present or absent, and we were able to discriminate the presence of estuarine crocodile from the freshwater crocodile (C. johnstoni), a closely related sympatric species that does not pose a threat to humans.
  • Local Companies Control Licenses

    Local Companies Control Licenses

    Org Name Lcl No T&B / Local Company Licence Start Date End Date Location File Number Description GRANT THORNTON SPECIALIST SERVICES 11/07 A Recovery And Reorganisation Practice Comprising The Provision Of Restructuring Advice Insolvency And 29-May-2007 29-May-2016 Block OPY Parcel 68/3, 2nd Floor Suite 4290, TB12650 Local Company Control Law ( Annual Fee) (CAYMAN) LIMITED Forensic Services 48 Market Street, George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands MOORE STEPHENS DECOSIMO CAYMAN 32/05 Accountants 22-Nov-2005 22-Nov-2017 Block 12E, Parcel 106, Suite 200, Marquis TB9877 Local Company Control Law ( Annual Fee) LIMITED Place, West Bay, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands BDO CAYMAN LTD 07/11 Accounting And Auditing Services 29-Mar-2011 29-Mar-2023 23 Lime Tree Bay Avenue, Governor's Square, TB117AC Local Company Control Law ( Annual Fee) West Bay, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands SULA HOLDINGS LIMITED T/A BLUFF Agricultural Business Including Dairy Farming On Cayman Brac 24-Sep-2013 24-Sep-2025 Block 112A, Parcel 28, 30, 43, Cayman Brac, TB1095AB Agricultural production and Agrobased industries FARMS Cayman Islands JETBLUE AIRWAYS CORPORATION 07/12 Airline 04-Sep-2012 04-Sep-2024 Owen Roberts International Airport, 88C Owen TB705A Local Company Control Law ( Annual Fee) Roberts Drive, George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands DELTA AIR LINES INC 09/11 Airline - Commercial Aircraft 26-Apr-2011 26-Apr-2023 Owen Roberts Airport, George Town, Grand TB6536 Local Company Control Law ( Annual Fee) Cayman US AIRWAYS INC 114311 Airline Agent 24-Aug-2010 24-Aug-2022 88C Owen Roberts Drive, George Town, Grand TB513A Local Company Control Law ( Annual Fee) Cayman, Cayman Islands RS&H INC.
  • Panama Canal with Princess Cruises® on the Crown Princess® 11 Days / 10 Nights ~ March 23 – April 2, 2022

    Panama Canal with Princess Cruises® on the Crown Princess® 11 Days / 10 Nights ~ March 23 – April 2, 2022

    GRUNDY COUNTY SENIOR CENTER PRESENTS PANAMA CANAL WITH PRINCESS CRUISES® ON THE CROWN PRINCESS® 11 DAYS / 10 NIGHTS ~ MARCH 23 – APRIL 2, 2022 DAY PORT ARRIVE DEPART 1 Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 4:00 PM 2 At Sea 3 Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands 7:00 AM 5:00 PM 4 At Sea 5 Cartagena, Colombia 7:00 AM 3:00 PM 6 Panama Canal Partial Transit New Locks 6:00 AM 3:30 PM 6 Cristobal, Panama 4:00 PM 7:00 PM 7 Limon, Costa Rica 7:00 AM 6:00 PM 8 At Sea 9 Falmouth, Jamaica 7:00 AM 3:00 PM 10 At Sea 11 Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 7:00 AM IF YOU BOOK BY OCTOBER 29, 2021 Inside Cabin Category IC $2,695 ONLY $100 pp DEPOSIT REQUIRED Outside Cabin Category OC $3,160 FOR DOUBLE OCCUPANCY Balcony Cabin Category BC $3,515 After 10/29/21 deposit is at least $350 pp * subject to capacity control* Rates are per person double occupancy and include roundtrip airfare PRINCESS PLUS from Kansas City, cruise, port charges, government fees, taxes and transfers to/from ship. PRINCESS CRUIES® HAS ADVISED THAT ALL FREE Premier Beverage Package AIR PRICES ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND ARE NOT FREE Unlimited Wi-Fi GUARANTEED UNTIL FULL PAYMENT HAS BEEN RECEIVED. FREE Prepaid Gratuities Offer applies to all guests in cabin. PASSPORT REQUIRED Offer is capacity controlled and subject to change. Please call for details DEPOSIT POLICY: An initial deposit of $350 per person double occupancy or $700 per person single occupancy is required in order to secure reservations and assign cabins.
  • On the Presence of the Subnarial Foramen in Prestosuchus Chiniquensis (Pseudosuchia: Loricata) with Remarks on Its Phylogenetic Distribution

    On the Presence of the Subnarial Foramen in Prestosuchus Chiniquensis (Pseudosuchia: Loricata) with Remarks on Its Phylogenetic Distribution

    Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2016) (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150456 www.scielo.br/aabc On the presence of the subnarial foramen in Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Pseudosuchia: Loricata) with remarks on its phylogenetic distribution LÚCIO ROBERTO-DA-SILVA1,2, MARCO A.G. FRANÇA3, SÉRGIO F. CABREIRA3, RODRIGO T. MÜLLER1 and SÉRGIO DIAS-DA-SILVA4 ¹Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brasil ²Laboratório de Paleontologia, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, Bairro São José, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brasil ³Laboratório de Paleontologia e Evolução de Petrolina, Campus de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Rodovia BR 407, Km12, Lote 543, 56300-000 Petrolina, PE, Brasil 4Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa da Quarta Colônia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rua Maximiliano Vizzotto, 598, 97230-000 São João do Polêsine, RS, Brasil Manuscript received on July 1, 2015; accepted for publication on April 15, 2016 ABSTRACT Many authors have discussed the subnarial foramen in Archosauriformes. Here presence among Archosauriformes, shape, and position of this structure is reported and its phylogenetic importance is investigated. Based on distribution and the phylogenetic tree, it probably arose independently in Erythrosuchus, Herrerasaurus, and Paracrocodylomorpha. In Paracrocodylomorpha the subnarial foramen is oval-shaped, placed in the middle height of the main body of the maxilla, and does not reach the height of ascending process. In basal loricatans from South America (Prestosuchus chiniquensis and Saurosuchus galilei) the subnarial foramen is ‘drop-like’ shaped, the subnarial foramen is located above the middle height of the main body of the maxilla, reaching the height of ascending process, a condition also present in Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis.
  • The First Crocodyliforms Remains from La Parrita Locality, Cerro Del Pueblo

    The First Crocodyliforms Remains from La Parrita Locality, Cerro Del Pueblo

    Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana / 2019 / 727 The first crocodyliforms remains from La Parrita locality, Cerro del Pueblo Formation (Campanian), Coahuila, Mexico Héctor E. Rivera-Sylva, Gerardo Carbot-Chanona, Rafael Vivas-González, Lizbeth Nava-Rodríguez, Fernando Cabral-Valdéz ABSTRACT Héctor E. Rivera-Sylva ABSTRACT RESUMEN Fernando Cabral-Valdéz Departamento de Paleontología, Museo del Desierto, Carlos Abedrop Dávila 3745, 25022, The record of land tetrapods of El registro de tetrápodos terrestres en la Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. the Cerro del Pueblo Formation Formación Cerro del Pueblo (Cretácico (Late Cretaceous, Campanian), in Gerardo Carbot-Chanona tardío, Campaniano) en Coahuila, incluye Coahuila, includes turtles, pterosaurs, [email protected] tortugas, pterosaurios, dinosaurios y Museo de Paleontología “Eliseo Palacios Aguil- dinosaurs, and crocodyliforms. This era”, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia last group is represented only by crocodyliformes. Este último grupo está Natural. Calzada de los hombres ilustres s/n, representado por goniofólididos, eusuquios 29000, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico. goniopholidids, indeterminate eusu- chians, and Brachychampsa montana. In indeterminados y Brachychampsa montana. Rafael Vivas-González this work we report the first crocodyli- En este trabajo se reportan los primeros Villa Nápoles 6506, Colonia Mirador de las Mitras, 64348, Monterrey, N. L., Mexico. form remains from La Parrita locality, restos de crocodyliformes de la localidad Cerro del Pueblo Formation, based La Parrita, Formación Cerro del Pueblo, Lizbeth Nava-Rodríguez on one isolated tooth, vertebrae, and con base en un diente aislado, vértebras y Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autóno- osteoderms. The association of croc- ma de San Luis Potosí, Dr. Manuel Nava 8, osteodermos. La asociación de crocodyli- Zona Universitaria Poniente, San Luis Potosi, odyliforms, turtles, dinosaurs, and formes, tortugas, dinosaurios y oogonias S.L.P., Mexico.