VICTORIAN HISTORICAL JOURNAL ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA The Royal Historical Society of Victoria is a community organisation comprising people from many fields committed to collecting, researching and sharing an understanding of the history of Victoria. TheVictorian Historical Journal is a refereed journal publishing original and previously unpublished scholarly articles on Victorian history, or on Australian history where it illuminates Victorian history. It is published twice yearly by the Publications Committee, Royal Historical Society of Victoria. EDITORS Richard Broome, Emeritus Professor, La Trobe University, and Judith Smart, Honorary Associate Professor, RMIT University PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Jill Barnard Rozzi Bazzani Sharon Betridge (Co-editor, History News) Marilyn Bowler Richard Broome (Convenor) (Co-Editor, History News) Marie Clark Jonathan Craig (Reviews Editor) John Rickard John Schauble Judith Smart (Co-editor, History News) Lee Sulkowska Carole Woods BECOME A MEMBER Membership of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria is open. All those with an interest in history are welcome to join. Subscriptions can be purchased at: Royal Historical Society of Victoria 239 A’Beckett Street Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia Telephone: 03 9326 9288 Email: [email protected] www.historyvictoria.org.au Journals are also available for purchase online: www.historyvictoria.org.au/publications/victorian-historical-journal VICTORIAN HISTORICAL JOURNAL ISSUE 291 VOLUME 90, NUMBER 1 JUNE 2019 Royal Historical Society of Victoria Victorian Historical Journal Published by the Royal Historical Society of Victoria 239 A’Beckett Street Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia Telephone: 03 9326 9288 Fax: 03 9326 9477 Email: [email protected] www.historyvictoria.org.au Copyright © the authors and the Royal Historical Society of Victoria 2018 All material appearing in this publication is copyright and cannot be reproduced without the written permission of the publisher and the relevant author. Design: Janet Boschen, Boschen Design Desktop Production: Centreforce Printer: Focus Print Group Print Post Approved: PP349181/00159 ISSN 1030 7710 The Royal Historical Society of Victoria acknowledges the support of the Victorian Government though Creative Victoria—Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources. Front cover: Six-pack flats, Westbury Street, East St Kilda. The site of Melbourne’s sexual revolution? (Photograph Seamus O’Hanlon) VICTORIAN HISTORICAL JOURNAL VOLUME 90, NUMBER 1 JUNE 2019 ARTICLES Introduction 1 Judith Smart and Richard Broome Now We Know: A Half-century Perspective on Australia’s Vietnam War 4 Peter Edwards New People, New Ideas and New Attitudes: Melbourne’s Long Sixties 19 Seamus O’Hanlon The Victorian Mallee Fence: A Forgotten and Misunderstood Relic of Settling the 30 Mallee Region of Victoria John Pickard Imagining School at Benalla’s Migrant Camp 57 Bruce Pennay Opening Doors: The Effects of Teaching Studentships and Teaching on 82 Women’s Lives in Victoria, 1950–2000 Marilyn Bowler and Miranda Francis HISTORICAL NOTES Charles Bonney and the Fertile Kilmore Plains 105 Martin Williams F.G.A. Barnard: Naturalist, Historian and Committed Kewite 121 Gary Presland The Forgotten ‘Girls’ of World War I 134 Judy Maddigan REVIEWS A Naga Odyssey: Visier’s Long Way Home. By Visier Meyasetsu Sanyü, with 159 Richard Broome Andrew J. May Dunera Lives. Volume 1: A Visual History. By Ken Inglis, Seumas Spark 161 and Jay Winter, with Carol Bunyan Lucas Jordan Hanging Rock—A History. By Chris McConville 164 John Rickard Art Captured: Hans-Wolter von Gruenewaldt. Prisoner of War Camp 13 167 Murchison: His Story and His Art. Compiled by Kay Ball John Arnold Swanston: Merchant Statesman. By Eleanor Robin 169 John Barnes Ned Kelly: Selectors, Squatters and Stock Thieves. By Doug Morrissey 171 Richard Waterhouse The Maddest Place on Earth. By Jill Giese 173 Catharine Coleborne The Master Gardener: A Biography of T.R. Garnett. By Andrew Lemon 175 Anne Vale Strength in Battle: The Memoirs of Joseph Anderson Panton, Goldfields’ 177 Commissioner and Magistrate. Edited and annotated by Hugh Anderson Benjamin Mountford Notes on Contributors 180 About the Royal Historical Society of Victoria 183 Guidelines for Contributors 184 How to become a patron of the Victorian Historical Journal The RHSV invites you to become a patron of the journal to guarantee its future for the next 100 years. Annually $250 $500 $1,000 Annually for the following periods I year 3 years 5 years (The RHSV is a tax-deductible entity and all contributions from patrons will be tax deductible) Please reply with your preferred pledge to Richard Broome, Chair of the Publications Committee, on [email protected] and you will be contacted regarding payment. If you are unable to become a patron at this time, please consider an RHSV membership: see http://www.historyvictoria.org.au/ and choose the membership button on the service bar. CURRENT PATRONS Emeritus Professor Richard Broome FRHSV, La Trobe University; Jonathan Craig; Emeritus Professor Graeme Davison AO, Monash University; Jim Dixon; Dr John Dwyer QC; Dr Alan Gregory; Carol Holsworth; Associate Professor Renate Howe AM, Deakin University, and Professor Brian Howe AO, University of Melbourne; Dr Murray Johns; Professor Stuart Macintyre AO, University of Melbourne; His Honour Paul R. Mullaly QC; Maria Myers; Emeritus Professor John Poynter AO, OBE, University of Melbourne; Dr Gary Presland FRHSV; Emeritus Professor John Rickard FRHSV; Professor Lynette Russell AM, Monash University; Stephen Shelmerdine AM; Hon. Associate Professor Judith Smart FRHSV, RMIT University; Carole Woods FRHSV Enhance your next book with an Index by Terri Mackenzie Professional Back of Book Indexer Member of Australian and New Zealand Society of Indexers Honorary Victorian Historical Journal Indexer [email protected] [email protected] The John Adams Prize To honour John D. Adams (1935–2015) FRHSV, Councillor (1966– 2005), and to use his bequest of $10,000 to the RHSV in an appropriate manner, the RHSV has created a biennial prize. Since John Adams, a lecturer in Librarianship at RMIT for 27 years, was also the honorary indexer of the Victorian Historical Journal, indexing it for the years 1954–2013, the prize will be for the best article or historical note in the journal over a two-year period, commencing with Issues 287–290 (2017 and 2018). The following terms apply to the prize: • This biennial prize will be awarded for the best article or historical note on Victorian history in the four VHJ issues over two calendar years, beginning 2017–18. • The prize will be awarded for an article or historical note that illuminates a significant element of Victoria’s history, is clearly and succinctly written, and is researched from original material. • Members of the RHSV Publications Committee are ineligible for the award. • The prize offered from the Adams bequest is $300 and three years’ free membership of the RHSV, which includes hard copies of the VHJ. • A short list of five articles will be compiled by the VHJ editors active in the prize period. • Short-listing will occur at the end of each two-year period, beginning in December 2018. • Two judges will be chosen by the Publications Committee from academic and community historians and will report to the Committee by the following April. • The John Adams Prize will be presented biennially at the RHSV AGM following its judging and will be announced in the ensuing June issues of the VHJ and History News. Richard Broome, Chair, RHSV Publications Committee viii The John Adams Prize Victorian Historical Journal 2017–18 Shortlist in Alphabetical Order Compiled by VHJ editors Richard Broome and Judith Smart Nicola Cousen, ‘The Legend of Lalor’s Arm: Eureka Myths and Colonial Surgery’, VHJ, vol. 88, no. 2, November 2017, pp. 212–34 John Lack, ‘Turning the Screw: The 1916 Victorian Campaign for Conscription’, VHJ, vol. 89, no. 2, December 2018, pp. 253–82 Chris McConville, ‘The Political Economy of Victoria’s Brushtail Possums 1890–1975’, VHJ, vol. 88, no. 2, November 2017, pp. 235–55 John Waugh, ‘Capital Punishment in Colonial Victoria: The Role of the Executive Council’, VHJ, vol. 88 no. 2, November 2017, pp. 188–211 Ben Wilkie, ‘Rights, Reconciliation and the Restoration of Djabwurrung and Jardwadjarli Names to Grampians–Gariwerd’, VHJ, vol. 89, no. 1, June 2018, pp. 113–36 The John Adams Prize Judges’ Decision The judges appointed by the Publications Committee of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria recommend that the inaugural John Adams Prize should be awarded to Nicola Cousen for her article ‘The Legend of Lalor’s Arm: Eureka Myths and Colonial Surgery’, published in VHJ, vol. 88, no. 2, November 2017, pp. 212–34. The criteria for the prize stipulate that it should be awarded to an article or historical note that illuminates a significant element of Victoria’s history, is clearly and succinctly written, and is researched from original material. The judges found that all of the short-listed articles met these criteria; the quality displayed is testimony both to the excellence of the historical research presently carried on in Victoria and to the high standards of the VHJ editors. ix Ms Cousen’s article is lively and well written. It revisits a controversy with particular resonance for Victorian history: the competing stories around the amputation of the arm of Peter Lalor, the hero of Eureka. The Eureka Rebellion remains a contested