Simulation Study on the Integration of Health Traits in Horse Breeding Programs
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UNDERSTANDING HORSE BEHAVIOR Prepared By: Warren Gill, Professor Doyle G
4-H MEMBER GUIDE Agricultural Extension Service Institute of Agriculture HORSE PROJECT PB1654 UNIT 8 GRADE 12 UUNDERSTANDINGNDERSTANDING HHORSEORSE BBEHAVIOREHAVIOR 1 CONTENTS Introduction 3 Planning Your Project 3 The Basics of Horse Behavior 3 Types of Behavior 4 Horse Senses 4 Horse Communication 10 Domestication & Behavior 11 Mating Behavior 11 Behavior at Foaling Time 13 Feeding Behavior 15 Abnormal Behavior / Vices 18 Questions and Answers about Horses 19 References 19 Exercises 20 Glossary 23 SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE TO BE ACQUIRED • Improved understanding of why horses behave like horses • Applying basic behavioral knowledge to improve training skills • Learning to prevent and correct behavioral problems • Better ways to manage horses through better understanding of horse motivation OBJECTIVES To help you: • Be more competent in horse-related skills and knowledge • Feel more confident around horses • Understand the applications of basic knowledge to practical problems REQUIREMENTS 1. Make a project plan 2. Complete this manual 3. Work on this project with others, including other 4-H members, 4-H leaders, your 4-H agent and other youth and adults who can assist you in your project. 4. Evaluate your accomplishments cover photo by2 Lindsay German UNDERSTANDING HORSE BEHAVIOR Prepared by: Warren Gill, Professor Doyle G. Meadows, Professor James B. Neel, Professor Animal Science Department The University of Tennessee INTRODUCTION he 4-H Horse Project offers 4-H’ers opportunities for growing and developing interest in horses. This manual should help expand your knowledge about horse behavior, which will help you better under T stand why a horse does what it does. The manual contains information about the basics of horse behavior, horse senses, domestication, mating behavior, ingestive (eating) behavior, foaling-time behavior and how horses learn. -
The Evolution of Racehorse Clusters in the United States: Geographic Analysis and Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Development
sustainability Article The Evolution of Racehorse Clusters in the United States: Geographic Analysis and Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Development Paul D. Gottlieb 1,2, Jennifer R. Weinert 2, Elizabeth Dobis 3 and Karyn Malinowski 2,* 1 Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 55 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; [email protected] 2 Equine Science Center, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, ASB II 57 US HWY 1, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; [email protected] 3 Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development, Pennsylvania State University, 207A Armsby Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-848-932-9419 Received: 31 October 2019; Accepted: 6 January 2020; Published: 8 January 2020 Abstract: Sustainability is frequently defined as the need to place equal emphasis on three societal goals: economic prosperity, environment, and social equity. This “triple bottom line” (TBL) framework is embraced by practitioners in both corporate and government settings. Within agriculture, the horse-racing industry and its breeding component are an interesting case study for the TBL approach to local development. The sector is to some extent a “knowledge industry”, agglomerating in relatively few regions worldwide. In the USA, choices made by breeders or owners are likely affected by sudden changes in specific state policies, especially those related to gambling. Both of these unusual conditions—for agriculture at least—have been playing out against a background of national decline in the number of registered racehorse breeding stock. This study traces changes, between 1995 and 2017, in the geographic distribution of registered Thoroughbred and Standardbred stallions. -
List of Horse Breeds 1 List of Horse Breeds
List of horse breeds 1 List of horse breeds This page is a list of horse and pony breeds, and also includes terms used to describe types of horse that are not breeds but are commonly mistaken for breeds. While there is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed,"[1] a breed is defined generally as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations; its members may be called "purebred". In most cases, bloodlines of horse breeds are recorded with a breed registry. However, in horses, the concept is somewhat flexible, as open stud books are created for developing horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding. Registries also are considered the authority as to whether a given breed is listed as Light or saddle horse breeds a "horse" or a "pony". There are also a number of "color breed", sport horse, and gaited horse registries for horses with various phenotypes or other traits, which admit any animal fitting a given set of physical characteristics, even if there is little or no evidence of the trait being a true-breeding characteristic. Other recording entities or specialty organizations may recognize horses from multiple breeds, thus, for the purposes of this article, such animals are classified as a "type" rather than a "breed". The breeds and types listed here are those that already have a Wikipedia article. For a more extensive list, see the List of all horse breeds in DAD-IS. Heavy or draft horse breeds For additional information, see horse breed, horse breeding and the individual articles listed below. -
Horse-Breeding – Being the General Principles of Heredity
<i-. ^u^' Oi -dj^^^ LIBRARYW^OF CONGRESS. Shelf.i.S.g^. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. HORSE-BREEDING BKING THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OE HEREDITY APPLIED TO The Business oe Breeding Horses, IXSTEUCTIOJS'S FOR THE ^IaNAGE^HKNT Stallions, Brood Mares and Young' Foals, SELECTION OF BREEDING STOCK. r y-/' J. H. SANDERS, rdiinrof 'Tlie Bleeder's Gazette," '-Breeders' Trotting Stuil Book," '•ri'r<lu Honorary member of the Chicago Eclectic Medical SoeieU>'flfti'r.> ^' Illinois Veterinary Medical Association, ^rl^.^^Ci'^'' ~*^- CHICAGO: ' ^^ J. H. SANDERS & CO. ]8S5. r w) <^ Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1885, BY J. H. SANDERS, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. ^ la TABLE OF CONTENTS. Preface 5 CHAPTER I. General Principles of Breeding.—General Laws of Heredity- Causes of Variation from Original Typos — Modifications from Changed Conditions of Life—Accidental Variations or " Sports "— Extent of Hereditary Inflaence—The Formation of Breeds—In-Breeding and Crossing—Value of Pedigree- Relative Size of Sire and Dam—Influenee of First Impregna- tion—Effect of Imagination on Color of Progeny—Effect of Change of Climate on the Generative Organs—Controlling the Sex 9 CHAPTER II. Breeds of Horses.— Thoroughbreds — Trotters and Roadsters — Orloffs or Russian Trotters—Cleveland Bays—Shire or Cart Horses—Clydesdales—Percherons-Otber Breeds (58 CHAPTER III. Stallions, Brood Mares and Foals.— Selection of Breeding- Stock—General Management of the StaUion—Controlling the Stallion When in Use—When Mares Should be Tried—The -
Abordagem Bayesiana Na Avaliação Genética De Plantas Perenes E Modelos Lineares Generalizados Aplicados Na Seleção De Cultivares E No Mapeamento De Qtls
FREDDY LUIS MORA POBLETE Abordagem bayesiana na avaliação genética de plantas perenes e modelos lineares generalizados aplicados na seleção de cultivares e no mapeamento de QTLs MARINGÁ PARANÁ – BRASIL OUTUBRO DE 2008 FREDDY LUIS MORA POBLETE Abordagem bayesiana na avaliação genética de plantas perenes e modelos lineares generalizados aplicados na seleção de cultivares e no mapeamento de QTLs Tese apresentada à Universidade Estadual de Maringá como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, para obtenção do título de Doutor. MARINGÁ PARANÁ – BRASIL OUTUBRO DE 2008 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação-na-Publicação (CIP) (Biblioteca Central - UEM, Maringá – PR., Brasil) Mora Poblete, Freddy Luis M827a Abordagem bayesiana na avaliação genética de plantas perenes e modelos lineares generalizados aplicados na seleção de cultivares e no mapeamento de QTLs / Freddy Luis Mora Poblete. -- Maringá, 2008. 151 f. : il. Orientador : Prof. Dr. Carlos Alberto Scapim. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, 2008. 1. Bioestatística - Modelos Lineares Generalizados. 2. Bioestatística - Avaliação genética. 3. Plantas - Melhoramento - Mapeamento QTLs. 4. Plantas - Melhoramento - Inferência Bayesiana. 5. Plantas - Melhoramento - Análise longitudinal. 6. Bioestatística - Inferência Bayesiana. I. Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento. II. Título. CDD 21.ed. 576.58 Permitida a cópia total ou parcial deste documento, desde que citada a fonte. (O autor) DEDICO Aos meus filhos, Javiera Ignacia e Felipe Andrés, cujas especiais presenças me motivam a tentar ser cada dia melhor. A Juanita Bruneau, pelo fundamental apoio nesta iniciativa. Aos meus pais, José Mora e Silvia Poblete, e ao meu irmão, Carlitos, por fazerem parte de minha vida. -
The Horse Industry in Kansas
THE HORSE INDUSTRY IN KANSAS. OUTLINE. (1) The past history of the horse. (2) Improvement of the horse. (a) By breeding. (b) By feeding. (3) Change of type of horse from time to time for adaptation. to different needs. (a) Change in the mode of farming. (b) For pleasure driving and sporting. (4) Light and heavy horse breeding as an occupation. (a) Value of the conformation of light horses. (b) Value of style and action in light horses. (0) Value of weight. in draft horses. (d) Value of the conformation of draft horses. (5) Diminishing of the demand for cheap horses. (a) They are replaced by automobiles and electricity. (6) Folly of changing the line of breeding. (7) Methods for further improvement of the horse. (a) By better care and feed. (b) By better judgement in selection. (c) By breeding laws. (8) Conclusion. The horse stands at the head of a noble tribe of quadrupeds, which naturalists term solepedes, or single hoofed, from having but one apparent toe, covered by a single integument of horn, al- though beneath the skin on each side are nrotuberances which may be regarded as rudimental toes. According to the view of modern geologists there is but one genus of the tribe, namely, equus, which comprehends six species according to Proffessor Low, of Edinburgh. EQUUS ASINUS - The ass. EQUUS ZEBRA - The zebra. EQUUS QUAGGA - The quagga. EQUUS BURCHELLII - The striped quagga. EQUUS HEMIONUS - The dziggithai. EQUUS CABALLUS - The common horse. Nature has not formed this powerful creature to shun the control of man, but has linked him by his natural wants and in- stincts to our society. -
The Stallion's Mane the Next Generation of Horses in Mongolia
The Stallion's Mane The Next Generation of Horses in Mongolia Amanda Hund World Learning- S.I.T. SA – Mongolia Fall Semester 2008 S. Ulziijargal Acknowledgments This paper would not have been possible without the help and enthusiasm of many people, a few of which I would like to thank personally here: I would like to acknowledge Ulziijargal, Ganbagana and Ariunzaya for all their patience, help, and advice, Ulziihishig for his excellent logistical work and well placed connections and Munkhzaya for being a wonderful translator and travel partner and for never getting sick of talking about horses. I would also like to thank the families of Naraa, Sumyabaatar, and Bar, who opened their homes to me and helped me in so many ways, Tungalag for being a helpful advisor, my parents for giving me the background knowledge I needed and for their endless support, as well as all those herders, veterinarians, and horse trainers who were willing to teach me what they know. This research would not have been possible without the open generosity and hospitality of the Mongolian people. 2 Table of Contents Abstract...................................4 Introduction.............................5 Methods...................................8 The Mongolian Horse.............11 Ancestors................................14 Genetic Purity........................15 Mares.....................................16 Reproduction..........................17 Stallions..................................22 Bloodlines...............................25 Passion on the Tradition.........27 -
Selective Breeding of Arabian and Thoroughbred Racehorses in Algeria: Perceptions, Objectives and Practices of Owners-Breeders
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia © 2014 Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia ISSN 1806-9290 R. Bras. Zootec., 43(4):188-196, 2014 www.sbz.org.br Selective breeding of Arabian and Thoroughbred racehorses in Algeria: perceptions, objectives and practices of owners-breeders Safia Tennah1,2, Frédéric Farnir1, Nacerredine Kafidi2,4, Ibrahim Njikam Nsangou1, Pascal Leroy1,3, Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux1,3 1 Department of Animal Production, Unit of Genetics, Biostatistics and Rural Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium. 2 School Veterinary National Superior of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria. 3 Tropical Veterinary Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium. 4 Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Canada. ABSTRACT - This survey, conducted with 461 racehorse owners-breeders in Algeria between 2009 and 2011, investigates their perceptions, objectives and practices regarding selective breeding. Racehorse breeding is a full-time professional activity for a third of interviewees. The holdings are small-sized with 77% owning one or two mares. The regular practice of mating is here used to categorize breeders according to their degree of professionalization (38.4% professional vs. 61.6% occasional breeders). Experience in the sector was also used to classify breeders, considering as “junior” the breeders under 10 years experience (38.8%) and as “senior” those above 10 years (61.2%). More than professionalization, experience shows a significant impact on practices and objectives. Thus, -
The Origin and Relationships of the Mustang, Barb, and Arabian Horse
Author’s Preface: The article which follows was commissioned in 2002 by the remarkable Viggo Mortensen, who starred as Aragorn in “The Lord of the Rings” movie trilogy, and who thereafter completely transformed himself to become Frank T. Hopkins for the film “Hidalgo”. Frank T. Hopkins was a real person of part American Indian ancestry, who as a youth in the 1870’s had worked as an errand rider for the U.S. Cavalry on the Plains and who later became a skillful and successful endurance rider and circus performer. During production of “Hidalgo”, Mortensen, who is interested in horses, mooted the idea of publishing a book about the various horse breeds involved in that film. The writer for Hidalgo was John Fusco, who also wrote the DreamWorks film “Spirit: Stallion of the Cimmaron” on which I worked as technical consultant. Fusco breeds mustangs and has also become a friend. He introduced me through correspondence to Mortensen, and the writing project evolved out of that. Unfortunately the book was destined never to be published, although a slightly shorter version of this article was posted for a time at the “Hidalgo” website. We re-post it here in hopes that it will continue to be of help and interest to horse lovers everywhere. THE ORIGIN AND RELATIONSHIPS OF THE MUSTANG, BARB, AND ARABIAN HORSE © 2008 by Deb Bennett, Ph.D. Horse and Human Come Together An icy wind tosses a skiff of powder-fine snow across frozen ground, swirling in hoofprints freshly hollowed by a band of horses. Snorting softly, the stocky and shaggy beasts bunch together for warmth and protection. -
Basic Horse Genetics
ALABAMA A&M AND AUBURN UNIVERSITIES Basic Horse Genetics ANR-1420 nderstanding the basic principles of genetics and Ugene-selection methods is essential for people in the horse-breeding business and is also beneficial to any horse owner when it comes to making decisions about a horse purchase, suitability, and utilization. Before getting into the basics of horse-breeding deci- sions, however, it is important that breeders under- stand the following terms. Chromosome - a rod-like body found in the cell nucleus that contains the genes. Chromosomes occur in pairs in all cells, with the exception of the sex cells (sperm and egg). Horses have 32 pairs of chromo- somes, and donkeys have 31 pairs. Gene - a small segment of chromosome (DNA) that contains the genetic code. Genes occur in pairs, one Quantitative traits - traits that show a continuous on each chromosome of a pair. range of phenotypic variation. Quantitative traits Alleles - the alternative states of a particular gene. The usually are controlled by more than one gene pair gene located at a fixed position on a chromosome will and are heavily influenced by environmental factors, contain a particular gene or one of its alleles. Multiple such as track condition, trainer expertise, and nutrition. alleles are possible. Because of these conditions, quantitative traits cannot be classified into distinct categories. Often, the impor- Genotype - the genetic makeup of an individual. With tant economic traits of livestock are quantitative—for alleles A and a, three possible genotypes are AA, Aa, example, cannon circumference and racing speed. and aa. Not all of these pairs of alleles will result in the same phenotype because pairs may have different Heritability - the portion of the total phenotypic modes of action. -
Breeding Arabian Horses in Albania by MONIKA SAVIER Graphic Design: Mario Brunetti
impa Albania_Layout 1 11/05/20 16:34 Pagina 1 Breeding Arabian Horses in Albania by MONIKA SAVIER Graphic design: Mario Brunetti 42 • Desert Heritage Magazine impa Albania_Layout 1 11/05/20 16:34 Pagina 1 Breeding Arabian Horses in Albania by MONIKA SAVIER Graphic design: Mario Brunetti Desert Heritage Magazine • 43 impa Albania_Layout 1 11/05/20 16:34 Pagina 3 At the height of his rule, he controlled Lower When King Farouk I in 1952 had to resign after the LUGU I GEGËVE LG Arabian Farm Egypt, Upper Egypt, Sudan and parts of Arabia and revolution, his breeding stables Inshass stud with the A new Farm is Raising in the World the entire Levant. He is regarded as the founder of finest Arabian horses from the Nejd were also trans- „In addition to our passion we must Modern Egypt. His dynasty ruled until the King, ferred to the Egyptian State Stud RAS / EAO and reactivate and take care of the tradition Farouk I was overthrown in the Egyptian Revolution the basics for today’s purely Egyptian Arabian horse of Straight Egyptian Breeding that our country has had in the past for Arab horses“. of 1952. Farouk I was the tenth ruler of Egypt from breeding was laid. by MONIKA SAVIER (Roland Shyti) the Muhammad Ali Pasha Dynasty and proud of his The influence of Abbas Pasha’s Straight Egyptian Albanian heritage. As king, 30 Albanian bodyguards horses was important throughout the Ottoman Em- ild high mountain peaks, deep valleys and plains blooming towards the sea, this is the hin- protected him as he regarded Albanians as the only pire, including the land of Albania, as it was a matter terland of touristic Albania, which has the most beautiful sandy beaches along the sea. -
Animal Breeding from Infinitesimal Model to Mas: the Case of a Backcross Design in Dairy Sheep (Sarda X Lacaune) and Its Possible Impact on Selection
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION: A FAST TRACK TO INCREASE GENETIC GAIN IN PLANT AND ANIMAL BREEDING? SESSION II: MAS IN ANIMALS ANIMAL BREEDING FROM INFINITESIMAL MODEL TO MAS: THE CASE OF A BACKCROSS DESIGN IN DAIRY SHEEP (SARDA X LACAUNE) AND ITS POSSIBLE IMPACT ON SELECTION G. Pagnacco and A. Carta [email protected] [email protected] Summary Despite the great advancements achieved by quantitative techniques, selection in some species and for some traits, as in dairy sheep, can be very expensive and requires great efforts. In this paper we review the options offered by quantitative methods and by marker-assisted selection and we discuss the possible impact of a QTL detection design based on a backcross experimental population (Sarda X Lacaune) on sheep breeding. Keywords Infinitesimal model, Quantitative Trait Loci, Marker-assisted selection, dairy sheep, Backcross Design Abstract Selection under the infinitesimal model Standard animal breeding techniques have been largely successful in improving the performance of domestic animals in the last century. The success of these techniques finds its roots in the theoretical work of Fisher and Wright who showed how selection, migration and mutation could be derived from the simple Mendelian laws. All that theory was then transferred into the operational application in animal breeding by J. L. Lush (Animal Breeding Plans, 1945) and by his many “sons” and “grandsons”. In more recent times another landmark book, Introduction to Quantitative Genetics, (Falconer, 1960) probably represents the official birth of the quantitative genetics in plant and especially animal breeding. Plant and animal breeding have based their tools of investigation on this “central paradigm for the analysis of phenotypic variation” (Lynch and Walsh, 1998) even if their methods have radically diverged probably because of the different population structure in crop and domestic animals.