Founder of the Jesuit Order
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Holy Wars: the Origins and Effects of the Crusades
HOLY WARS: THE ORIGINS AND EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES HELEN STEELE In the late 11th century, circumstances converged to This culminated in the Investiture Controversy which create the Crusades, the series of military expeditions to made relations between pope Gregory VII and Henry IV so fight the armies of Islam in the Holy Land. Papal interest poor that Gregory excommunicated the Emperor. In the in expanding the influence of the Vatican in secular light of these problems and the continuing furore over the matters in Western Europe and in gaining influence in the reforms of the church he had encouraged, Gregory was Eastern Roman Empire caused first Gregory VII then unable to persuade the nobility of Europe to go on Urban II to call for crusades against the moslems. In a Crusade, although he did try. In 1074, he wrote: “a pagan society wracked with violence, the possibility of sending race [has] overcome the Christians and with horrible restless landless knights to fight for the Cross – and for cruelty had devastated everything almost to the walls of precious land – in the East, seemed an extra benefit. Constantinople […] If we love God and wish to be Individual reasons for crusading varied: deep piety, recognized as Christians, […] we should lay down our military adventurism, the lure of absolution and desire to lives to liberate them” (Thatcher, “Gregory VII”). Gregory appease the church all seemed to be factors; as the was a great inspiration to the next pope Urban II and crusades passed, the intent of many of the crusaders doubtless Urban was thinking of his mentor when he became more secular and less pious and this culminated in devised his own call for a crusade. -
Normans and the Papacy
Normans and the Papacy A micro history of the years 1053-1059 Marloes Buimer S4787234 Radboud University January 15th, 2019 Dr. S. Meeder Radboud University SCRSEM1 V NORMAN2 NOUN • 1 member of a people of mixed Frankish and Scandinavian origin who settled in Normandy from about AD 912 and became a dominant military power in western Europe and the Mediterranean in the 11th century.1 1 English Oxford living dictionaries, <https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/norman> [consulted on the 19th of January 2018]. Index INDEX 1 PREFACE 3 ABBREVIATIONS 5 LIST OF PEOPLE 7 CHAPTER 1: STATUS QUAESTIONIS 9 CHAPTER 2: BATTLE AT CIVITATE 1000-1053 15 CHAPTER 3: SCHISM 1054 25 CHAPTER 4: PEACE IN ITALY 1055-1059 35 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 43 BIBLIOGRAPHY 47 1 2 Preface During my pre-master program at the Radboud University, I decided to write my bachelor thesis about the Vikings Rollo, Guthrum and Rörik. Thanks to that thesis, my interest for medieval history grew and I decided to start the master Eternal Rome. That thesis also made me more enthusiastic about the history of the Vikings, and especially the Vikings who entered the Mediterranean. In the History Channel series Vikings, Björn Ironside decides to go towards the Mediterranean, and I was wondering in what why this affected the status of Vikings. While reading literature about this conquest, there was not a clear matter to investigate. Continuing reading, the matter of the Normans who settled in Italy came across. The literature made it clear, on some levels, why the Normans came to Italy. -
Criticism of the Church
Criticism of the Church By: Richard B. Sorensen November 1, 2010, updated November 23, 2020 [email protected] www.richardsorensen.com www.unholygrail.net If you say that the history of the Church is a long succession of scandals, you are telling the truth, though if that is all you say, you are distorting the truth ~ Gerald Vann To a large degree, the Bible and the church have been lumped together in people’s minds and the frustration that some have felt with the actual “institutions of Christianity” have made them question and throw out the church, the Bible, and even Christianity itself. Many of the criticisms are overblown, but the church does have things to answer for. Here are some examples: For centuries the Catholic Church was a secular political power that vied with other governments for control and supremacy. Ignoring the separation enforced in the Old Testament between priests (religious leaders) and kings (secular leaders), and the New Testament pattern of multiple elders to avoid the tendency toward dictatorship, the Catholic Church centralized power by establishing the Papacy and the Vatican in the fourth century, with the Pope being the supreme leader. Subsequent popes sought to expand their authority, and at times there were vicious battles to seize the Papal ring. This is in contrast to Scriptures such as James 3:16-17: “For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist, there is disorder and every evil thing. But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, reasonable, full of mercy and good fruits, unwavering, without hypocrisy.” Many individual pastors and priests were lights for God, but the central leadership became corrupt and hypocritical. -
Claroscuros De La Vida De Alfonso Salmerón Díaz, Un Jesuita Ejemplar De Primera Generación
MAGALLÁNICA, Revista de Historia Moderna: 2 / 4 (Dossier) Enero-Junio 2016, ISSN 2422-779X CLAROSCUROS DE LA VIDA DE ALFONSO SALMERÓN DÍAZ, UN JESUITA EJEMPLAR DE PRIMERA GENERACIÓN David Martín López Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, España Recibido: 01/05/2016 Aceptado: 15/06/2016 RESUMEN El presente artículo trata de ahondar en el conocimiento de la vida del padre Alfonso Salmerón. A pesar de ser un personaje relevante en su tiempo, no ha sido estudiado lo suficiente. En estas páginas se tratan de presentar los temas que se conocen más y, sobre todo, aquellos en los que habría que insistir, especialmente en tres puntos: en primer lugar, se analiza el diferente modo en que ha sido presentada la vida de Salmerón por parte de los historiadores jesuitas; en segundo lugar, se presentan las características que nos permiten afirmar que Salmerón fue el prototipo de jesuita de primera generación, haciendo hincapié en el desarraigo que tuvo respecto a su familia y su ciudad de origen; en tercer lugar, se analizan las relaciones que mantuvo con otros jesuitas toledanos, como Pedro de Ribadeneyra, Juan de Mariana y Dionisio Vázquez. PALABRAS CLAVE: Alfonso Salmerón; Compañía de Jesús; biografías; Toledo; Pedro de Ribadeneyra; desarraigo. LIGHTS AND SHADES IN ALFONSO SALMERÓN DÍAZ'S LIFE. A FIRST- GENERATION EXEMPLARY JESUIT ABSTRACT This article seeks to increase the knowledge of the life of Father Alfonso Salmeron. Despite being an important figure in his time, it has not been studied enough. In these pages are presented the topics most known and, especially, those in which researchers should emphasized, especially on three issues: first, how the jesuit historians have analized the life of Salmeron; secondly, the characteristics that allow us to say that Salmeron was a Jesuit prototype of the first generation, stressing the rootlessness that was about his family and his hometown; thirdly, are analized the relations of Salmeron “Claroscuros de la… David Martín López with other Jesuits from Toledo, as Pedro de Ribadeneyra, Juan de Mariana and Dionisio Vazquez. -
Christopher White Table of Contents
Christopher White Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Peter the “rock”? ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Churches change over time ...................................................................................................................... 6 The Church and her earthly pilgrimage .................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1 The Apostle Peter (d. 64?) : First Bishop and Pope of Rome? .................................................. 11 Peter in Rome ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Yes and No .............................................................................................................................................. 13 The death of Peter .................................................................................................................................. 15 Chapter 2 Pope Sylvester (314-335): Constantine’s Pope ......................................................................... 16 Constantine and his imprint .................................................................................................................... 17 “Remembering” Sylvester ...................................................................................................................... -
Is Peter the First Pope?
G3 2017 Is Peter the First Pope? Turn to Matthew 16 and let’s tackle the Roman Catholic’s best support verse. Debunk their claim in three points: 1. The entire Bible debunks the claim 2. History debunks the claim 3. Peter’s confession debunks the Roman Catholic Church’s claim Matthew 16: 13-19 13 Now when Jesus came into the district of Caesarea Philippi, He was asking His disciples, “Who do people say that the Son of Man is?” 14 And they said, “Some say John the Baptist; and others, Elijah; but still others, Jeremiah, or one of the prophets.” 15 He said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” 16 Simon Peter answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” 17 And Jesus said to him, “Blessed are you, Simon Barjona, because flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but My Father who is in heaven. 18 I also say to you that you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build My church; and the gates of Hades will not overpower it. There have been 260 popes (more if you count the anti-popes). You are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church: on the Cathedral ceiling along with “I will give to you the keys of the kingdom of heaven.” Three reasons these verses do not support the office of the papacy: 1. Biblically 2. Historically 3. Confessionally I. The Bible itself debunks the claim: 18 I also say to you that you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build My church; and the gates of Hades will not overpower it. -
Pope and Hitler Agreement
Pope And Hitler Agreement Floristic and self-governing Ez always pulsed conspicuously and gulf his triangulations. Dietrich theatricalized breezily as state Spike cross-section her Glazunov accessorizing annoyingly. Cataplexy Saul flapped inviolately. The possibility of an alien with the regime was nice of armor One but later Pacelli ascended to. Those associations, such reason the Cartel Federation of Catholic Student Associations, which did not write, were excluded from recognition in official church publications. The agreement between his job and catholic zentrum party headed might lose in seven months prior agreement and pope hitler? This is best many priests continued to consider against the immorality of many aspects of Nazi ideology, especially its racism, militarism and its eugenic policies. Do a temporary truce that hitler himself to leave him to other agreement. Church and pope. Pope Wikipedia. The pope and inactions during periods. The embody which involved the German hierarchy agreeing to withdraw. What led the Catholic Church promise into the Concordat of 1933? Documents Related to what War II Mount Holyoke College. Hitler as pope was not specific rules when church authority of popes against them who deserves more? The rising threat of communismby becoming Hitler's pope and pawn. Vatican's WWII archives reveal each picture 'flawed. It and hitler government is wrong. Extracts from the Nazi-Catholic Concordat a treaty signed by delegates of the. But hitler and popes called to this agreement with equal of tabernacles. List of popes by are of being Simple English Wikipedia the free. Ethics in the Shadow how the Holocaust, ed. Pius authors are marked down for use their privileged position to take an appropriate conclusions about it this concordat, amid recriminations on. -
Introduction 1
INTRODUCTION 1 FORMATIVE EXPERIENCES IN THE IGNATIAN TRADITION AT THE SERVICE OF YOUNG ADULTS Edward Mercieca, S.J. Secretariat for Ignatian Spirituality hree spontaneous phrases come to mind as I present this issue on “Ignatian spirituality at the service of Tyoung adults”: ‘Friends in the Lord’, ‘The thrust of Ignatian Spirituality towards young people’ and ‘Contemplating young adults today’. Friends in the Lord As I worked on the articles published in this issue, I could not but think of the first companions of Ignatius in Paris: Peter Favre, Francis Xavier, Diego Lainez, Alfonso Salmeron, Simon Rodriguez, Nicolás Bobadilla. There were six of them to begin with; they ended up as nine. They were all young adults, with the exception of Ignatius, who was the guide accompanying the group in spiritual conversations and a minimum of common rules. He did a wonderful job with these young adults, building on their personality, talents and history. Taking seriously their “greater desires and ideals” Ignatius was even accused of seducing them (Aut. 78,5). The Society of Jesus was born at the University of Paris among young adults. Since that time – the 1520s – it has never ceased to exercise this wonderful ministry of accompanying young adults, helping them to take life decisions, and enabling them to discover how to be instruments for good in God’s hands. NUMBER 117 - Review of Ignatian Spirituality ë INTRODUCTION This ministry has never been an easy task. Ignatius’ time, like ours today, suffered a radical cultural change, a paradigm shift in the way people perceived, thought, felt and acted: Copernicus, Luther, Columbus. -
A BRIEF HISTORY of the PAPACY by John Judy (Written Mid-April
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PAPACY By John Judy (Written mid-April 2005 for “Big News.”) MICHAEL Any day now the College of Cardinals will be choosing a new Pope. White smoke will billow out into Saint Peter's Square signaling that the Holy Mother Church has discovered fire. I'm kidding. The Catholic Church has long since acknowledged the existence of fire and has used it on more than a few occasions. If you don't believe me, ask a heretic. If you can find one! (Did I mention John Paul II once issued a formal apology to Prometheus? True story...) In any case, we Big News Catholics don't want the rest of you sinners to spend the next week in complete ignorance of our glorious heritage and the intricate, infallible goings- on of our higher-ups. With that in mind we now present a brief history of the papacy, or, as we call it: "The Vatican Highlight Reel!" MATT There have been 265 Popes since Jesus chose Saint Peter to be the rock on which he founded his church in 32 A.D. SAINT PETER Numero Uno, baby! Pearly gates in the house! MATT According to Catholic tradition, Peter brought Christianity to Rome although it was there well before Peter arrived. SAINT PETER We were in previews out of town, man. MATT And once he was in Rome, Peter didn't serve as any kind of bishop or leader. SAINT PETER It was casual. Why you doggin' me, Boo? MATT Saint Sixtus, the seventh Pope, was the first Pope known to be the son of a Priest. -
Popes in History
popes in history medals by Ľudmila Cvengrošová text by Mons . Viliam Judák Dear friends, Despite of having long-term experience in publishing in other areas, through the AXIS MEDIA company I have for the first time entered the environment of medal production. There have been several reasons for this decision. The topic going beyond the borders of not only Slovakia but the ones of Europe as well. The genuine work of the academic sculptress Ľudmila Cvengrošová, an admirable and nice artist. The fine text by the Bishop Viliam Judák. The “Popes in history” edition in this range is a unique work in the world. It proves our potential to offer a work eliminating borders through its mission. Literally and metaphorically, too. The fabulous processing of noble metals and miniatures produced with the smallest details possible will for sure attract the interest of antiquarians but also of those interested in this topic. Although this is a limited edition I am convinced that it will be provided to everybody who wants to commemorate significant part of the historical continuity and Christian civilization. I am pleased to have become part of this unique project, and I believe that whether the medals or this lovely book will present a good message on us in the world and on the world in us. Ján KOVÁČIK AXIS MEDIA 11 Celebrities grown in the artist’s hands There is one thing we always know for sure – that by having set a target for himself/herself an artist actually opens a wonderful world of invention and creativity. In the recent years the academic sculptress and medal maker Ľudmila Cvengrošová has devoted herself to marvellous group projects including a precious cycle of male and female monarchs of the House of Habsburg crowned at the St. -
Forgotten Saint: the Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ
Forgotten Saint: The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ Sam Z. Conedera, SJ 52/4 WINTER 2020 THE SEMINAR ON JESUIT SPIRITUALITY ѡѢёіђѠȱіћȱѡѕђȱѝіџіѡѢюљіѡѦȱќѓȱ ђѠѢіѡѠȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯ ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ- ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱѡѢёіђѠȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ¢ǰȱȱ¢ǯȱȱ ȱęȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱDZȱȓǯȦǯ CURRENT MEMBERS OF THE SEMINAR DZȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯ Casey C. Beaumier, SJǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ- ǰȱȱ ǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŜǼ Brian B. Frain, SJ,ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŞǼ Barton T. Geger, SJǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱѡѢёіђѠDzȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱǻŘŖŗřǼ Michael Knox, SJǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱǰȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŜǼ William A. McCormick, SJ,ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱǻŘŖŗşǼ Gilles Mongeau, SJ,ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŝǼ Peter P. Nguyen, SJ,ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŞǼ John R. Sachs, SJ,ȱȱȱȱ £ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǰȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Theological StudiesǯȱǻŘŖŗŚǼ ¢ȱȚȱŘŖŘŖȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯ ȱŗŖŞŚȬŖŞŗř ќџєќѡѡђћȱюіћѡDZȱ ѕђȱіѓђȱюћёȱџіѡіћєѠȱќѓȱ љѓќћѠќȱюљњђџңћǰȱ ȱǯȱǰȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ śŘȦŚȱȱȱȱȱyȱȱȱȱȱ ȱŘŖŘŖ a word from the editor… Nicholas Bobadilla (1511–1590) and Simão Rodrigues (1510–1579), not St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552), were supposed to go to India. Their mis- sion came in response to a request by King John III of Portugal (1502– 1557), who had asked Ignatius for several Jesuits to convert the peoples in his colonial empire. Ignatius’s initial choices did not pan out. Bobadilla fell seriously ill, so Ignatius turned to his dear friend Xavier, who is said to have replied with a free and simple, “Here I am.” But when Xavier and Rodrigues arrived at the royal court, they impressed the king so much that he asked Rodrigues to remain and work in Portugal instead. -
First Sunday in Lent February 21 & 22, 2021 Homily for the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass of St
First Sunday in Lent February 21 & 22, 2021 Homily for the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass of St. Thomas More Catholic Parish celebrated at St. Joseph Catholic Church 116 Theodore Street Scranton, PA 18508 Mark 1:12-15 In today’s Gospel we notice the Lord’s first sermon is very short. After telling us the Kingdom of God is at hand, Jesus says, “Repent and believe in the Gospel.” We begin Lent this way every year because of the importance of repentance, of turning away from our sins in order to live in newness of life. Thus, we encourage everyone, in conformity of the precepts of the Church, to make a confession at least once a year, with special emphasis during this season of penitence and fasting. To facilitate this important practice, I am in the confessional a half-hour before every regularly scheduled Mass, every day of the week; so whether people live near or far from here, everyone should have ample opportunity to be absolved before our Easter celebration in April. We also have at the back of the church a guide to confession, not just how to make yours, but also the examination of conscience, to aid us in identifying those ways by which we depart from God’s grace, relying on false consolation and self-help. So, please, take advantage of both these resources, in order that we may all know the fruit of repentance. This fruit is what I’d like to concentrate on this morning. When Jesus tells us to believe in the gospel, He is telling us to believe the Good News; that’s what “gospel” means.