Management of Insect Sting Hypersensitivity: an Update Robert D
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Medical Problems and Treatment Considerations for the Red Imported Fire Ant
MEDICAL PROBLEMS AND TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT Bastiaan M. Drees, Professor and Extension Entomologist DISCLAIMER: This fact sheet provides a review of information gathered regarding medical aspects of the red imported fire ant. As such, this fact sheet is not intended to provide treatment recommendations for fire ant stings or reactions that may develop as a result of a stinging incident. Readers are encouraged to seek health-related advice and recommendations from their medical doctors, allergists or other appropriate specialists. Imported fire ants, which include the red imported fire ant - Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), the black imported fire ant - Solenopsis richteri Forel and the hybrid between S. invicta and S. richteri, cause medical problems when sterile female worker ants from a colony sting and inject a venom that cause localized sterile blisters, whole body allergic reactions such as anaphylactic shock and occasionally death. In Texas, S. invicta is the only imported fire ant, although several species of native fire ants occur in the state such as the tropical fire ant, S. geminata (Fabricius), and the desert fire ant, S. xyloni McCook, which are also capable of stinging (see FAPFS010 and 013 for identification keys). Over 40 million people live in areas infested by the red imported fire ant in the southeastern United States. An estimated 14 million people are stung annually. According to The Scripps Howard Texas Poll (March 2000), 79 percent of Texans have been stung by fire ants in the year of the survey, while 20% of Texans report not ever having been stung. -
Identifying the Little Fire Ant a New Invasive Species on Kaua‘I
ALIEN Insect Pests DRAFTPEST May 2004 ALERT! IP-16 Identifying the Little Fire Ant A New Invasive Species on Kaua‘i Hawai‘i Ant Group; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Hawai‘i Department of Agriculture (HDOA), Plant Pest Control Branch; University of Hawai‘i, Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit and Department of Plant and Environmental Protec tion Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources; Kaua‘i Invasive Species Committee (KISC) e are in the process of eradicating an infestation 1 Actual length, ⁄16 inch Wof the little fire ant (LFA) in the Kalihiwai area of Kaua‘i. We need the help of everyone on Kaua‘i to report any ants they find that match this ant’s descrip tion. With your help, we can keep Kaua‘i LFA-free. Head Background Since 1999 when it was first collected at Hawaiian Para dise Park in the Puna area on Hawai‘i, over 30 LFA in Little fire ant festations have been found on the Big Island. Contain worker ment actions are being taken, but limited resources and personnel, and pesticide label use restrictions, have made • Its sting produces large, painful, raised, red welts. it difficult to eradicate all the infestations there. • Irritation from the sting lasts several days, aching pain Beginning in 1999, HDOA has enforced quarantine fully at first and later itching intensely in spells. regulations to prevent shipment of infested potted plants • Although not quick to sting when handled, the LFA will from the Big Island. However, at least one infestation at do so if trapped beneath clothing. -
Ant Venoms. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical
CE: Namrta; ACI/5923; Total nos of Pages: 5; ACI 5923 Ant venoms Donald R. Hoffman Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Purpose of review Greenville, North Carolina, USA The review summarizes knowledge about ants that are known to sting humans and their Correspondence to Donald R. Hoffman, PhD, venoms. Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Recent findings 600 Moye Blvd, Greenville, NC 27834, USA Fire ants and Chinese needle ants are showing additional spread of range. Fire ants are Tel: +1 252 744 2807; e-mail: [email protected] now important in much of Asia. Venom allergens have been characterized and Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical studied for fire ants and jack jumper ants. The first studies of Pachycondyla venoms Immunology 2010, 10:000–000 have been reported, and a major allergen is Pac c 3, related to Sol i 3 from fire ants. There are very limited data available for other ant groups. Summary Ants share some common proteins in venoms, but each group appears to have a number of possibly unique components. Further proteomic studies should expand and clarify our knowledge of these fascinating animals. Keywords ant, fire ant, jack jumper ant, phospholipase, sting, venom Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 10:000–000 ß 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 1528-4050 east [4] and P. sennaarensis in the middle east [5]. These Introduction two species are commonly referred to as Chinese needle Ants are among the most biodiverse organisms on earth. ants and samsum ants. -
Instruction Sheet: Bee Sting, Local Reaction
University of North Carolina Wilmington Abrons Student Health Center INSTRUCTION SHEET: BEE STING, LOCAL REACTION The Student Health Provider has diagnosed a mild allergic reaction to a bee/wasp sting. Fortunately, most bee stings are not serious and cause only temporary swelling, redness, and pain at the sting site. Rarely, a whole-body allergic reaction occurs; shock can result. The stinger, if still in the wound, should be removed; if the stinger is left in place, bee toxin continues to enter the body, increasing the reaction. A stinger should be removed with a piece of paper or credit card, using a sideways scraping motion. A pair of tweezers can also be used to remove the stinger, but try not to squeeze the stinger, or more toxin can be pushed inside the wound. Realize that swelling may increase at first, even with treatment. Measures can be taken, however, to minimize the reaction to bee stings. MEASURES YOU SHOULD TAKE TO HELP TREAT YOUR BEE STING: 1. Rest and elevate the affected body part. Rest and elevation help reduce swelling and pain. 2. Apply cold packs to the area off-and-on for the first 24 hours after injury. Cold helps ease discomfort, and minimizes additional swelling. Do not apply ice directly to the area, causing discomfort. Rather, aim for coolness, yet comfort, applying a layer or two of cloth between the cold pack and affected area. 3. Take over-the-counter antihistamines: In the morning, take a non-sedating antihistamine such as loratadine, 10 mg daily. At night, take diphenhydramine (Benadryl), 25 mg, 1 or 2 every 6 hours for itching and swelling. -
Bee Stings and Your Pets and Livestock
TREATING YOUR ANIMAL LOOK FOR STINGERS once the animal is away from bees. When a honey bee stings, it loses its venom sac and stinger. This means the honey bee dies after it stings, but the stinger may continue to in- ject venom for up to a minute or until the stinger is removed. If you can see stingers on the animal, remove then by scraping them out with a credit card, knife or finger- nail. Do not pull them out with tweezers or BEE STINGS AND fingers because you will squeeze more venom into the sting. YOUR PETS AND IF AN ANIMAL HAS SUSTAINED NU- LIVESTOCK MEROUS STINGS, EMERGENCY TREATMENT BY YOUR VETERINARIAN MAY BE REQUIRED. The number of stings an animal can survive depends on its body weight, the amount of venom it received and whether or not it is allergic to bee venom. As with humans, even one sting may be dangerous if the animal is allergic. Georgia Department of Agriculture Plant Protection Division Atlanta, Georgia 30334 Atlanta: 404-651-9486 Tifton: 229-386-3464 Africanized honey bees (AHB), some- Protecting Animals KEEP DOGS UNDER CONTROL times called “killer bees,” became es- WHEN HIKING. A dog bounding tablished in Texas in 1990 and are MAKE A REGULAR INSPECTION OF YOUR PROPERTY FOR BEE NESTS. through the brush is more likely to dis- spreading to other states including turb bees than one following quietly at Georgia. Honey bees nest in a wide variety of sites, such as trees or shrubs, animal your heels. The Africanized honey bee is related to burrows in the ground, water meter our state’s familiar honey bee, the Eu- boxes and overturned flower pots. -
Asian Giant Hornet in Washington State
ASIAN GIANT HORNET IN WASHINGTON STATE PEST PROGRAM INTRODUCTION ASIAN Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia) is the world’s largest hornet. The hornet is native to Asia, and has GIANT been recorded from Japan, Korea, Russia, China, and several other countries. In December 2019, WSDA HORNET verified the first ever sightings of Asian giant hornet in the United States. If Asian giant hornet becomes Asian giant hornet (AGH) is a predatory wasp that established, it could feeds on a wide variety of insects. The introduction have serious impacts of this species is of major concern to agriculture on the environment, because of its predation on honeybees - a few Asian economy, and giant hornets can kill an entire beehive in a matter public health of of hours. If unmanaged they could significantly Washington State. increase costs for beekeepers and potentially disrupt pollination services. They could also impact other local insect populations. While AGH does not generally attack people or pets, they can sting when threatened. If it becomes established, this hornet could have serious impacts on the environment, economy, and public health of Washington State. Some of the Asian giant hornet specimens WSDA recovered during eradication of a nest in Blaine, WA - the first ever nest found in the U.S. ASIAN GIANT HORNET | 1 identification • Usually 1.5 - 2 inches in length, with queens being substantially larger than workers or males • Large orange/yellow head with prominent eyes • Black and orange/yellow striped abdomen • Forms large colonies that usually nest in the ground, although sometimes in tree cavities lookalikes • Western cicada killers are mostly rust-orange colored and have yellow spots on the abdomen. -
A Bioeconomic Model of Little Fire Ant Wasmannia Auropunctata in Hawaii
The Hawai`i-Pacific Islands Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit & Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI`I AT MĀNOA Dr. David C. Duffy, Unit Leader Department of Botany 3190 Maile Way, St. John #408 Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822 Technical Report 186 A bioeconomic model of Little Fire Ant Wasmannia auropunctata in Hawaii December 2013 Michael Motoki1, Donna J. Lee1,2, Cas Vanderwoude3,4,5, Stuart T. Nakamoto6 and PingSun Leung1 1 Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management, University of Hawaii 2 DJL Economic Consulting, Honolulu, Hawaii 3 Hawaii Department of Agriculture 4 The Hawaii Ant Lab, Hilo, Hawaii 5 The Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaii 6 Department of Human Nutrition, Food & Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii PCSU is a cooperative program between the University of Hawai`i and U.S. National Park Service, Cooperative Ecological Studies Unit. Author Contact Information: Donna J. Lee, DJL Economic Consulting, Honolulu HI, DJL. [email protected]. Phone: 808.226- 9079 Recommended Citation: Motoki, M., D.J. Lee, C. Vanderwoude, S.T. Nakamoto and P.S. Leung. 2013. A bioeconomic model of Little Fire Ant Wasmannia auropunctata in Hawaii. Technical Report No. 186. Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai`i, Honolulu, Hawai`i. 89 pp. Key words: Wasmannia auropunctata, bioeconomic modeling, invasive species, socio-economic impacts Place key words: Hawaii, Big Island, Kauai, Maui Editor: David C. Duffy, PCSU Unit Leader (Email: [email protected]) Series Editor: Clifford W. Morden, PCSU Deputy Director (Email: [email protected]) About this technical report series: This technical report series began in 1973 with the formation of the Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa. -
Red Imported Fire Ants of the United States, Including Most of Eastern North Carolina
ontrol of Red reatment of Red CImported Fire Ants TImported Fire Ant Stings Red Trying to control red imported fire ants over For just a few stings that cause only small large areas is difficult. Once they enter an welts, wash the area with soap and water, area, they will begin to spread. The best and apply antiseptic cream. For a large Imported practice is to control them in places where number of stings or a bad skin reaction to people are active. a fire ant bite, see a doctor. Fire Ants To get rid of a fire ant colony, the queen must be killed. Two methods can be used: baits or drenches. Baits are pellets made of insecticide and ant food that can be spread on the ground. Worker ants bring the bait back to the colony where it will be eaten by the queen. Baits work slowly but are good for large areas with many mounds. Drenches are insecticides mixed with water and poured into the mound. About a gallon of mix is needed to soak the mound and reach the queen. Drenches work quickly and are good for homeowners with just a few fire ant mounds. Homeowners can buy baits and drenches where lawn and garden products are sold. It is important to read and carefully follow label directions when using insecticides. NEED MORE INFORMATION? Contact your local health department or the Public Health Pest Management Section at (919) 733-6407. N.C. Department of Environment Some and Natural Resources Division of Environmental Health Public Health Pest Management Section http://www.deh.enr.state.nc.us/phpm/index.htm Revised: 4/03/09 Facts Red imported fire ants come from South America. -
An Overview of the Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Mainland China
Zhang et al.: Imported Fire Ants in Mainland China 723 AN OVERVIEW OF THE RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) IN MAINLAND CHINA RUNZHI ZHANG1,2, YINGCHAO LI1, NING LIU1 AND SANFORD D. PORTER3 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2E-mail: [email protected] 3USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608 ABSTRACT The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren is a serious invasive insect that is native to South America. Its presence was officially announced in mainland China in Jan 2005. To date, it has been identified in 4 provinces in mainland China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Fujian) in a total of 31 municipal districts. The total area reported to be infested by S. invicta in late 2006 was about 7,120 ha, mainly in Guangdong Province (6,332 ha). Most of the re- ported human stings are in the heavily infested area around Wuchuan City. The most com- monly reported reactions have been abnormal redness of the skin, sterile pustules, hives, pain, and/or fever. It has been predicted that most of mainland China is viable habitat for red imported fire ants, including 25 of 31 provinces. The probable northern limit of expan- sion reaches Shandong, Tianjing, south Henan, and Shanxi provinces. Traditional and new insecticides including the bait N-butyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide and the contact insecti- cide Yichaoqing have been developed and used to control S. invicta. The Ministry of Agricul- ture and the Chinese government have established an 8-year eradication program (2006 to 2013) for S. -
The Effect of Pasture Management on Fire Ant, Solenopsis Invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.04.398214; this version posted December 14, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 A Research Article for submission to Ecology and Evolution 2 Word count: 3,388 3 4 5 Running head: Schmid and Lundgren: Pasture management effects on fire ants 6 The effect of pasture management on fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), 7 abundance and the relationship to arthropod community diversity 8 Ryan B. Schmid1 and Jonathan G. Lundgren1 9 1Ecdysis Foundation, 46958 188th St., Estelline, SD 57234 10 11 12 Address correspondence to: 13 Ryan Schmid 14 Ecdysis Foundation 15 46958 188th St. 16 Estelline, SD 57234 17 E-mail: [email protected] 18 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.04.398214; this version posted December 14, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 19 Abstract 20 The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, is one of the most prolific invasive species 21 to the Southeastern U.S. These invaders preferentially colonize highly disturbed land and 22 grassland habitat. Management of livestock in pasture systems can have a profound impact on 23 the level of disturbance in grassland habitats, and we hypothesized that pasture management 24 would have a significant effect on S. -
What Is a Hornet? Scott Camazine
This is a Pre-Review Version of This Factsheet - An Update Will Be Available When Reviews Are Complete The Asian giant hornet (AGH) or Japanese giant hornet, Vespa mandarinia, recently found in Brit- ish Columbia, Canada, and in Washington State, poses a significant threat to European honey bee (EHB), Apis mellifera, colonies and is a public health issue. The AGH is the world’s largest species of hornet, native to temperate and tropical Eastern Asia low mountains and forests. The hornet is well adapted to conditions in the Pacific Northwest. If this hornet becomes established, it will have a severe and damaging impact on the honey bee pop- ulation, the beekeeping industry, the environment, public health, and the economy. It is critical that we identify, trap, and attempt to eliminate this new pest before it becomes established and wide- spread. Attempts to contain the spread and eradication of this invasive insect will be most effective Vespa mandarinia japonica from Taraba- in trapping queens during early spring before their nests become established. gani - Wikimedia commons It is critical these actions are taken before the fall reproductive and dispersal phase of the hornet. What is a hornet? Beekeepers in the field are the most crucial line of defense in locating, identifying, and trapping the A hornet is simply a large wasp. Generally, wasps hornets. Yet everyone should be on the lookout for the hornets and report any sightings to local of the class or genus known- as Vespa are con- authorities and the Washington State Department of Agriculture. sidered hornets. Interestingly, there are no true Here we will cover how the AGH will impact the honey bee, give the reader a better understanding hornets (Vespa) native to North America. -
Biological Control of Red Imported Fire
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 12-2014 Biological Control of Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta) Using Pseudacteon (Diptera: Phoridae) in Central Arkansas Sim Mckague Barrow University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Barrow, Sim Mckague, "Biological Control of Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta) Using Pseudacteon (Diptera: Phoridae) in Central Arkansas" (2014). Theses and Dissertations. 2058. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2058 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Biological Control of Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta) Using Pseudacteon (Diptera: Phoridae) in Central Arkansas Biological Control of Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta) Using Pseudacteon (Diptera: Phoridae) in Central Arkansas A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology by Sim McKague Barrow Arkansas Tech University Bachelor of Science in Fisheries and Wildlife Biology, 2011 December 2014 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ______________________________ Dr. Kelly M. Loftin Thesis Director ______________________________ ______________________________ Dr. Fred M. Stephen Dr. Sanford Porter Committee Member Committee Member Abstract Red imported fire ants are major pests in the southeastern United States. As a part of an integrated pest management strategy, a biological control program has been implemented which includes Pseudacteon decapitating flies. These flies are parasitoids of fire ant workers and two species of Pseudacteon are established in Arkansas: Pseudacteon tricuspis and Pseudacteon curvatus.