Arge Indicura N. Sp. Feeding on Potentilla and Sanguisorba (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Argidae) from Japan
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Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 35(1), pp. 55–71, March 22, 2009 Arge indicura n. sp. Feeding on Potentilla and Sanguisorba (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Argidae) from Japan Akihiko Shinohara1 and Hideho Hara2 1 Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 3–23–1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169–0073 Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Hokkaido Forestry Research Institute, Koshunai, Bibai-shi, Hokkaido, 079–0198 Japan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new argid sawfly, Arge indicura, is described from Japan. It was identified with Arge nigrovaginata Malaise, 1931, described from the Russian Far East, for more than seven decades, but a recent examination of Malaise’s type material has revealed the misidentification. Previously unknown immature stages are described, new host plant records are given, and the distribution and life history are discussed based on the specimens examined and rearing experiments. The mostly greenish, solitary and cryptic larvae feed on the leaves of Potentilla and Sanguisorba (also Fra- garia and Duchesnea in the laboratory), all belonging to the clade Sanpotina of the Rosaceae. Arge indicura probably has three generations a year in the lowland of central Honshu. Key words : Argidae, Arge indicura, new species, Potentilla, Sanguisorba. In the course of our revisionary works on the Our examination of the holotype of Arge pa- sawfly genus Arge of Japan and adjacent regions, gana var. nigrovaginata has revealed that the we have found that the Japanese species previ- Japanese species does not belong to Malaise’s ously determined as Arge nigrovaginata Malaise, taxon. We will describe the Japanese species as 1931, had been misidentified. Arge nigrovaginata new and give notes on its distribution and life was first proposed under the name of Arge pa- history below. gana var. nigrovaginata by Malaise (1931) based The material used in this work is kept in the on a single specimen from Suchan, Primorskij National Museum of Natural History, Tokyo, un- Kraj, the Russian Far East. Takeuchi (1932) up- less otherwise indicated. Acronyms for other de- graded it to the species level and identified his positories are: AKC, A. Kawazoe Collection, specimens from Japan with Arge nigrovaginata. Inabe; HSC, H. Suda Collection, Sakura; HYC, Takeuchi’s interpretation of the species was H. Yoshida Collection, Kobe; KKC, K. Kubo based only on Malaise’s (1931) short diagnosis of Collection, Yokohama; MNHAH, Museum of Arge pagana var. nigrovaginata. Gussakovskij Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo, Sanda; (1935) identified his female specimen from Mo- MTC, M. Tanaka Collection, Gifu; MYC, M. Ya- tohakone, central Honshu, Japan, with A. ni- mada Collection, Kuroishi; NAC, N. Aoki Col- grovaginata, also without seeing the holotype or lection, Abiko; NRMS, Swedish Museum of Nat- any other material from Russia. Ever since these ural History, Stockholm; OMNH, Osaka Muse- works, the Japanese species has always been um of Natural History, Osaka; OPU, Osaka Pre- treated as A. nigrovaginata (Takeuchi, 1939; Shi- fecture University, Sakai. nohara, 2000; Naito et al., 2004; Yoshida, 2006; We wish to thank N. Aoki (Abiko), Y. etc.) and Japan has been included in the distribu- Hashimoto (MNHAH), T. Hirowatari (OPU), A. tion of A. nigrovaginata (Zombori, 1974; Lelej Kawazoe (Fujiwaradake Natural History Muse- and Taeger, 2007). um, Inabe), K. Kubo (Yokohama), G. Lindberg 56 Akihiko Shinohara and Hideho Hara (NRMS), R. Matsumoto (OMNH), K. Nakamura tending anteriorly to punctiform or often tubercu- (Utsunomiya), T. Nambu (Yorii), N. Shinohara lar median fovea; distance between median fovea (Tokyo), H. Suda (Sakura), M. Tanaka (Gifu), M. and front ocellus about 2ϫ diameter of front Yamada (Kuroishi), and H. Yoshida (Kobe) for ocellus. Interantennal area nearly flattened on making the material available for study. ventral part, with lateral carinae sharply defined, dorsally separated from each other, ventrally Arge indicura n. sp. fused with each other above middle of supra- [Japanese name: Shiriguro-churenji] clypeal area (Fig. 1I, K). Supraclypeal area with (Figs. 1–9; Table 1) median ridge sharply carinate, with side slope al- most flattened (Fig. 1I, L). Malar space 0.8–1.1ϫ Arge nigrovaginata: Takeuchi, 1932: 41; Gussakovskij, width of front ocellus. Clypeus flattened but con- 1935: 245, 410; Takeuchi, 1939: 410; Takeuchi, 1948: vex along dorsal margin, with ventral margin 57; Takeuchi, 1949: 50; Okutani, 1982: 413; Togashi, 1983: 12; Abe and Togashi, 1989: 543; Nambu, 1998: very broadly roundly or subtriangularly incised 17; Togashi and Yamamoto, 2000: 707; Shinohara, medially (Fig. 1I, L). Antennal length 1.3–1.8ϫ 2000: 297; Kubo, 2000: 288; Naito et al., 2004: 12; maximum width of head; flagellum rather thin, Nagase, 2004: 1244; Shinohara, 2005: 230; Yoshida, not compressed, weakly curved basally and nar- 2006: 25; Shinohara et al., 2008: 278. Not Malaise, rowly rounded at apex (Fig. 1A). Right mandible 1931, in part. with distinct rounded inner tooth basally (Fig. Female (Fig. 1A–B). Length 6.5–9 mm. 1L). Head and thorax black with bluish reflection. An- In forewing, cell 1Rs2 with anterior length tenna black; mandible dark brown, black basally 1.1–1.6ϫ posterior length, and crossvein 3r–m and dark ferruginous apically; palpi blackish usually strongly curved in anterior part; in both brown. Legs black; femora with faint bluish lus- wings, wing margin between veins Rs and Cu cil- ter and hind tibia partly blackish brown. Wings iate, with marginal glabrous area much narrower rather strongly infuscated with black; apical part than width of vein M and marginal setae much slightly paler and very dark cloud present below longer than width of vein M (Fig. 1M). stigma; stigma and all veins black. Abdomen or- Abdomen with second to fourth terga ange, with first tergum marked with blackish glabrous, except for lateral parts; fifth (medial brown and sawsheath entirely bluish black; usu- part nearly glabrous) and more posterior terga se- ally entire ninth tergum and often dorsal median tose. Seventh sternum with posterior margin parts of second to eighth terga narrowly or wide- weakly roundly produced at middle. Sawsheath ly blackish. in posterodorsal view (Fig. 1N) subtriangular in Surface generally smooth and shining; punc- outline, with lateral margin weakly roundly con- tures on anterior part of head fine and distinct, vex, and apex very narrowly rounded; dorsome- generally separated from each other. dial ridge sharp basally and its lateral slope Head in dorsal view (Fig. 1E) distinctly dilated rounded; in lateral view (Fig. 1O), ventral mar- (sometimes not dilated) behind eyes, in lateral gin, except for basal convexity, very weakly view (Fig. 1F) with anterior margin convex roundly convex, dorsal margin nearly straight, below antenna. Distance between eyes 1.2–1.4ϫ and apex narrowly rounded; inner surface spin- vertical diameter of eye; eye with vertical diame- ose. ter 1.7–1.9ϫ horizontal diameter. Postocellar Lance (Fig. 2A, F) strongly sclerotized and area very weakly convex, anterior and lateral fur- pigmented, with inconspicuous annuli and some rows indistinct (Fig. 1E). Ocellar area scarcely linear membranous areas midapically (Fig. 2B) concave between ocelli. Frontal area anterolater- and without group of minute setae along ventral ally raised and widely and usually shallowly fur- margin; apical crest developed, finely serrate on rowed along mid line (Fig. 1I, K); this furrow ex- dorsal margin (Fig. 2F). Lancet (Figs. 2C, 3) Arge indicura n. sp. from Japan 57 Fig. 1. Arge indicura, adults, holotype female (A–B, E–F, I, K–L), paratype female, Abiko (M–O), paratype male, Abiko (C–D), and paratype male, Kowashimizu (G–H, J, P). —— A–D, Entire insects; E, G, heads, dorsal view; F, H, do., lateral view; I–J, do., laterofrontal view; K, frontal and interantennal areas, dor- sofrontal view; L, supraclypeal area to mouth parts, frontal view; M, outer margin of forewing around apex of vein M; N, sawsheath, posterodorsal view; O, do., lateral view; P, subgenital plate and genital capsule, ventral view. 58 Akihiko Shinohara and Hideho Hara Fig. 2. Ovipositor, holotype. —— A, Lance, lateral view; B, anterior median part of lance, lateral view, arrows showing membranous areas; C, lancet, lateral view; D, third and fourth serrulae of lancet; E, ninth to 11th serrulae; F, lance, apical part, lateral view. strongly sclerotized and pigmented, dorsal mar- broad, narrowed at middle, without rough areas; gin nearly straight or very slightly roundly con- first annular plate large, extending over midline vex and ventral margin roundly convex midapi- dorsally but not reaching dorsal margin of lancet; cally, with about 18 serrulae and narrow non-an- pore of sensillum absent in dorsal part of each nulate area dorsoapically; marginal sensilla long, annular plate; serrulae angularly convex (Fig. those of the median annuli directed ventrally; 2D–E). dorsal margin with membranous areas not setose; Male (Fig. 1C–D). Length 5–8 mm. Col- longitudinal rows of setae between annular plates oration similar to female. Genital capsule entirely present from first annulus; annular plates rather orange, very rarely apically brownish. Arge indicura n. sp. from Japan 59 Structure generally similar to female. Head not vertical diameter 1.6–1.8ϫ horizontal diameter. dilated behind eyes (Fig. 1G). Distance between Malar space 0.4–0.7ϫ width of front ocellus. eyes 1.1–1.3ϫ vertical diameter of eye; eye with Antennal length 1.6–2.2ϫ maximum width of Fig. 3. Lancets. —— A, Abiko, Chiba Pref., Honshu; B, Oume-shi, Tokyo, Honshu; C, Kowashimizu, Nagano Pref., Honshu; D, Kobayashi, Miyazaki Pref., Kyushu. 60 Akihiko Shinohara and Hideho Hara Fig. 4. Male genital capsules, dorsal (A, C, E) and ventral (B, D, F) views, penis valves, lateral view, left dorsal (G–M). —— A–B, G, Kuroishi, Aomori Pref., Honshu; C–D, H, Abiko, Chiba Pref., Honshu; E–F, M, Kuju, Oita Pref., Kyushu; I, Imperial Palace, Tokyo Met., Honshu; J, Kirigamine, Nagano Pref., Honshu; K, Kowashimizu, Nagano Pref., Honshu; L, Kyoto, Kyoto Pref., Honshu.