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SETTLER COLONIALISM and the AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1692-1783 Settler Colonialism

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SETTLER COLONIALISM and the AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1692-1783 Settler Colonialism SETTLER COLONIALISM AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1692-1783 Settler Colonialism Resource: Selling Staten Island Document Text Summary This Indenture made the Thirteenth Day of April in the twenty second year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord Charles the Second by the Grace of God of England Scotland France and Ireland King Defender of the faith etc. etc. and in the year of our Lord God 1670. Between the Right Honorable Francis Lovelace Esquire Governor General under his This contract, made April 13, 1670, is Royall Highness James Duke of York and between Francis Lovelace, the governor Albany etc. of all his territories in general of New York, and the Lenni- America for and on the behalf of his said Lenape Sachems of Staten Island. Royal Highness on the one part and Aquepo, Warrines, Minqua-Sachemack, Pemantowes, Quewequeen, Wewanecameck, and Mataris, on the behalf of themselves as the true Sachem owners, and lawful Indian proprietors of Staten Island and of all other Indians any way concerned therein on the other part. © Women and the American Story 2021 Page 1 of 8 SETTLER COLONIALISM AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1692-1783 Settler Colonialism Witnesseth that for and in consideration of a certain sum in wampum and divers other goods which in the schedule hereunto annexed are expressed unto the said Sachems in hand paid by the said Governor Francis Lovelace or his order, the receipt whereof they the said Sachems do hereby acknowledge and to be fully satisfied and thereof and every part thereof do for themselves and all The Lenni-Lenape Sachems of Staten others concerned, their heirs and Island agree to sell their island to Successors and every of them clearly Governor Francis Lovelace in exchange acquit and discharge. The said Governor for the money and goods listed later. and his successors have given, granted, bargained, and sold, and by these presents do fully and absolutely give, grant, bargain, and sell unto the said Francis Lovelace Governor for and on the behalf of his Royal Highness aforementioned all that island lying and being in Hudson River commonly called Staten Island, and by the Indians Aquehonga Manacknong. Having on the South the bay and sandy point, on the North the river and the city of New York on Manhattan Island, on the East Long Island, and on the West the main land of After Coll, or New Jersey, together with all the Lands, soils, meadows, fresh and salt pastures, common wood land, marshes, rivers, This section describes the exact location rivulets, streams, brooks, waters, lakes, of the island, and its main features. and whatsoever to the said Island is belonging or any way appertaining and all and singular other the premises with the appurtenances and every part and parcel thereof with on any reservation of the herbage or trees or any other thing growing or being thereupon, © Women and the American Story 2021 Page 2 of 8 SETTLER COLONIALISM AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1692-1783 Settler Colonialism And the said Sachems for themselves and all others concerned their heirs and successors do covenant to and with the said Governor and his successors for and on the behalf aforesaid in manner and form following. That is to say, that they the said Sachems now are the very The Lenni-Lenape Sachems promise true sole and Lawful Indian Owners of that the island belongs to them and that the said Island and all and singular the they are authorized to sell it according premises as being derived to them by to the terms described above. their ancestors, and that now at the sealing and delivery of these presents they are lawfully seized thereof to the use of themselves their heirs and assigns forever according to the use and custom of the rest of the Native Indians of the Country. And further that the said Island now is and at the time of executing the said estate to be made as aforesaid shall be and from time to time and at all times hereafter shall and may stand, remain, Once this contract is signed, it will take and continue unto the said Governor the place of any older contracts, and it and his successors to the use of his will last for all time. Royal Highness as aforesaid freely and clearly discharged and acquitted from all and every former bargains, sales, gifts, grants, and encumbrances whatsoever. © Women and the American Story 2021 Page 3 of 8 SETTLER COLONIALISM AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1692-1783 Settler Colonialism And furthermore the said Sachems for themselves and all others concerned their heirs and successors do covenant that the said Governor, his successors, and assigns for and on the behalf of his Royal Highness as aforesaid shall and may from henceforth forever lawfully peaceably and quietly have hold, possess and enjoy all the said Island The Lenni-Lenape Sachems promise with the appurtenances and all and that their people will never attack the every other the premises with their English settlers of Staten Island after appurtenances without this contract is signed. any Lett resistance, disturbance, or interruption of the said Sachems or any other concerned, their heirs and successors and without any manner of lawful Lett resistance, molestation, or interruption of any other person or persons whatsoever claiming by, from, or under them or any of them. © Women and the American Story 2021 Page 4 of 8 SETTLER COLONIALISM AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1692-1783 Settler Colonialism And it is likewise lastly covenanted and agreed that the said Sachems and the rest of the Indians concerned with them now inhabiting or residing upon the said Island shall have free leave and liberty to be and remain thereupon until the first day of May next when they are to surrender the possession thereof The Lenni-Lenape people of Staten unto such Island have one year before they have person or persons as the Governor shall to surrender the island to the governor please to appoint to see the same put in and his representatives. On May 1, execution. Upon which day they are all 1671, the Lenni-Lenape must leave the to transport themselves to some other island and never try to reclaim it. After place, and to resign any interest or this date, the island will belong to the claim thereunto or to any part thereof king of England and his heirs forever. forever to have and to hold the said Island so bargained and sold as fore mentioned unto the said Francis Lovelace Governor and his successors for and on the behalf of his Royal Highness his heirs and assigns unto the proper use and behalf of his said Royal Highness his heirs and assigns forever. In witness whereof the party to these present indentures have All of the people agreeing to this interchangeably set to contract have signed their names on their hands and seals the day and year April 13, 1670. first above written.Sealed & Delivered in the presence of: © Women and the American Story 2021 Page 5 of 8 SETTLER COLONIALISM AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1692-1783 Settler Colonialism FRANCIS LOVELACE Corn : Steenwych Mayor Tho : Lovelace C V Reiyven Oloff Stevenson van Cortland Allard Anthony These are the signatures of every Johannes Vanbrugh English person who signed. The last four Gerrit van Frigt are boys. There are also symbols made I. Bedloe by the Lenni-Lenape Sachem. Warn. Wessels Constapel[4 Youths] William Nicolls HumpheryDevenport Cornelis Bedloo Nicholaes Antonij The payment agreed upon for the purchase of Staten Island conveyed this day by the Indian Sachem Proprietors is1. Fower hundred fathom of wampum 2. Thirty Match Coats 3. Eight Coats of Duzzens made up This is the list of items the Lenni-Lenape 4. Thirty Shirts Sachem accepted as payment for 5. Thirty Kettles Staten Island. 6. Twenty Guns 7. A Firkin of Powder 8. Sixty Barres of Load 9. Thirty Axes 10. Thirty Howes 11. Fifty Knives © Women and the American Story 2021 Page 6 of 8 SETTLER COLONIALISM AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1692-1783 Settler Colonialism Memorandum It is covenanted and agreed upon by and between the within mentioned Francis Lovelace Esq. Governor etc. for and on the behalf of his Royal Highness and the within written Sachems on the behalf of themselves and all others concerned before then sealing and delivery hereof, that two or three of the said Sachems Note: Every year on May 1, the Sachem their heirs or successors or so many and their heirs will visit New York City to persons employed by them shall once commemorate this agreement and every year upon the First day of May ensure friendship between our peoples. yearly after their surrender repair to this fort to acknowledge their sale of the FRANCIS LOVELACE said Staten Island to the Governor or his successor to continue a mutual friendship between them, As witness their hands. FRANCIS LOVELACE © Women and the American Story 2021 Page 7 of 8 SETTLER COLONIALISM AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1692-1783 Settler Colonialism Memorandum That the young Indians not being present at the sealing and delivery of the within written deed it was again delivered and acknowledged before them whose names are underwritten as witnesses. April the 15th 1670 The mark of Pewowahone, about 5 years old, a boy. The mark of Rokoques, about 6 years old, a girl. NOTE: On April 15, 1760, six Lenni- The mark of Shinguinnemo, about 12 Lenape youths signed the treaty as well, to guarantee that future generations years old, a girl. would honor it. The mark of Kanarehante, about 12 years old, a girl.
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