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Health and Nutrition ABSTRACTS 2019 AOCS ANNUAL MEETING & EXPO May 5–8, 2019 HEALTH AND NUTRITION H&N 1: Lipids and Inflammation Chair: Eric Murphy, University of North Dakota, USA Increase in Plasma Ganglioside Content is significant effect of ganglioside on bowel Associated with Improved Quality of Life in symptoms or social function. Inflammatory Bowel Disease John J. Conclusions. Daily consumption of Miklavcic*1, Glen Shoemaker2, Kareena L. ganglioside increases plasma ganglioside Schnabl3, Alan BR Thomson4, Vera Mazurak2, concentration and constitutes a viable agent for and M Tom Clandinin5,1Chapman University, treatment of IBD or for potential treatment of USA; 2University of Alberta, Canada; other disorders in which altered ganglioside 3Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University content has been implicated. of Alberta, Canada; 4Gastroenterology, Western University, Canada; 5Centre for Health and FABP1 and Its Emerging Role in Systemic Nutrition, University of Alberta, Canada and Brain Endocannabinoid Systems. Eric Dietary ganglioside has been shown to Murphy, University of North Dakota, USA decrease inflammation, improve gut-barrier Pending. function, and prevent infection by pathogenic micro-organisms. Are Oxidized Linoleic Acid Metabolites Objective. To determine if dietary Bioavailable? Ameer Taha*, University of ganglioside is bioavailable in human California, Davis, USA participants and whether ganglioside consumption improves clinical outcomes in Background: Omega-6 linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). is a precursor to oxidized linoleic acid Methods Used. Healthy control participants metabolites (OXLAMs) which regulate multiple and patients with IBD were recruited for a biological processes. In vivo, OXLAMs can be double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled synthesized enzymatically or non-enzymatically study. Participants were allocated to receive from LA. Recently, our group characterized their either a 1.0 g milk fat fraction with or without abundance in plant oils. However, little is ganglioside (80% GD3; 20% GM3) daily for 8 known about their bioavailability. weeks. Blood was drawn to measure plasma Objective: The goal of this study is to determine ganglioside content at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8. the bioavailability of dietary OXLAMs. Participants had bowel symptoms, emotional Methods: Two rodent experiments were health, systemic symptoms, and social function performed to address the question of whether assessed by the Quality of Life in IBD OXLAMs are bioavailable or not. In Experiment Questionnaire. 1, mice were fed for 8 weeks a low LA diet (4% Results. Level of plasma ganglioside GD3 energy), high LA diet (17% energy) or a low LA rapidly increased by 42% after two weeks and diet (4% energy) supplemented with thermally by 49% after eight weeks (P<0.05). Level of oxidized corn oil containing OXLAMs. Plasma ganglioside GM3 also increased by 8% after and brain OXLAM concentrations were eight weeks (not significant). Plasma levels of quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. In Experiment 2, GM3 and GD3 did not change between baseline rats were gavaged with deuterated 13- and study conclusion in subjects that consumed Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) and placebo. Dietary ganglioside improved tracer incorporation in plasma measured by emotional health by 39% (P<0.01) and systemic UPLC-MS/MS at 90 minutes. symptoms by 36% (P<0.02) over the course of Results: In Experiment 1, OXLAM consumption study in patients with IBD. There was no (through the low LA + OXLAM diet) did not alter – 1 – ABSTRACTS 2019 AOCS ANNUAL MEETING & EXPO May 5–8, 2019 plasma or brain OXLAM concentrations kidney diseases revealed increased levels of compared to the low LA diet. The high LA diet lysophospholipid and phospholipase A2, and increased plasma and brain OXLAM increased activities of cyclooxygenases (COX). concentrations compared to the low LA diet. In COXs are one of 3 major enzyme pathways that Experiment 2, labeled 13-HODE was detected in result in the production of oxylipins. plasma one hour post-gavage (n=1), suggesting Subsequent studies showed that drugs and absorption. Ongoing analysis will seek to dietary interventions that reduced disease confirm this finding in two other gavaged rats. progression also reduced the production of Conclusion: Dietary OXLAMs may be absorbed select COX derived oxylipins in these pediatric through the GI tract but accumulation in plasma forms of the disease. With the advent of and brain appear to be minimal. Thus, in vivo technologies that enabled the lipidomic analysis OXLAM concentrations are regulated by dietary of >100 oxylipins by HPLC/MS/MS, we then LA. showed that the COX derived oxylipins were consistently elevated in both pediatric and adult Oxylipins in Kidney Inflammation Harold M. forms of cystic kidney diseases. Further, these Aukema*, University of Manitoba, Canada studies showed that these bioactive lipids were Inflammation plays an important role in the elevated early in the disease, and when the progression of kidney diseases. Oxylipins are disease had only progressed minimally. We lipid mediators that are involved in normal then showed that selective COX2 inhibition kidney physiology and response to physiological reduced disease progression by blocking the challenges, but when present during kidney production of oxylipins in a mouse model of the disease they can contribute to inflammation most common form of cystic kidney disease. and worsening of disease. Cystic kidney Selectively blocking COX2 derived oxylipins diseases are the major cause of inherited kidney therefore provides a potential therapeutic diseases world-wide, but treatment options for intervention that reduces inflammation and this group of kidney disorders is very limited. disease progression in these kidney diseases. Our early studies with forms of pediatric cystic – 2 – ABSTRACTS 2019 AOCS ANNUAL MEETING & EXPO May 5–8, 2019 EAT 1.1 / H&N 1.1: Structural Determinates of the Metabolic Response for Lipids Chairs: Michael Rogers, University of Guelph, Canada; and Pamela Hutton, Bunge Loders Croklaan, USA Replacement of Saturated Fat with composition and micronutrient levels result in Unsaturated Fats from Different Food Sources: the varying health effects of different vegetable Implications for Cardiovascular Risk Kristina S. oils. However, the mechanisms underlying this Petersen*, The Pennsylvania State University, phenomenon have largely remained elusive. USA Foodomics is a discipline that studies the food Current dietary guidance for prevention and and nutrition domains through the application management of cardiovascular disease includes of advanced omics technologies to improve recommendations to replace saturated fats consumer’s well-being, health, and confidence. with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or The objective of this study was to investigate monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). This the health effects of different vegetable oils by presentation will provide an overview of foodomics analysis. The physicochemical current research focusing on how replacement properties and oxidative stability of seven of saturated fat with MUFA and PUFA from commercial vegetable oils were evaluated, different food sources modulates lipids and including soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, lipoproteins, blood pressure, and vascular sunflower seed oil, rice bran oil, peanut oil and health. Our lab has shown that replacement of tea seed oil. And then SD rat were fed with high saturated fat with walnuts, or vegetable oils rich fat diet contained different vegetable oil for 12 in MUFA and PUFA improves lipids and weeks. Metabolites in serum and liver tissue lipoproteins, and blood pressure. Furthermore, were measured using liquid chromatography– data from a randomized, crossover controlled and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, feeding study showed canola oil and high-oleic and multivariate statistical analysis was acid canola oil improved lipids and lipoproteins performed by orthogonal projections to latent compared to an oil blend higher in saturated structures discriminant analysis. The finding fat. Based on these data and other recent work showed vegetable oils, especially tea seed oil the magnitude of lipid and lipoprotein lowering and rapeseed oil, decrease the liver lipid expected with different dietary replacement of metabolism disorder in the high fat diet treated saturated fat will be explored. In summary, the mice. This study provided the foundation for research presented will describe the effect of quality, nutrition and safety evaluation of different fatty acids within the food matrix on vegetable oils and reasonable reference for cardiovascular risk and how we can assist consumers. consumers to choose foods and dietary patterns that are heart healthy. Musseling-up Program: Review of Greenshell Mussel Bioactive Lipids and Role in Foodomics Insights in the Health Effects of Inflammation Management and Joint Health Vegetable Oil YongJiang Xu*1, Chen Cao1, Matthew R. Miller*1, Marlena C. Kruger2, Fran Zhaojun Zheng1, and Yuanfa Liu2, 1Jiangnan M. Wolber2, Hong Tian Hong Tian3, Parkpoon University, China; 2School of Food Science and Siriarchavatana2, and Saima Rizwan4, Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food 1Cawthron, New Zealand; 2Massey University, Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, New Zealand; 3Sanford Ltd, New Zealand; China 4Riddet Institute, New Zealand Vegetable oil plays an important role in Lipid extracts from New Zealand’s iconic daily diet. The differences of fatty acid Greenshell
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