Of Fandom): an IP Management Strategy for Walking the Fine Line Between IP Protection and Fan Engagement Katrina Monica C
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Gender and Consent in Supernatural Fanfiction's Alpha/Beta/Omega
i Just Go Find Yourself a Nice Alpha: Gender and Consent in Supernatural Fanfiction’s Alpha/Beta/Omega Universe by Tessa Barone A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Arts in English (Honors Scholar) Honors Baccalaureate of Arts in History (Honors Scholar) Presented May 28, 2019 Commencement June 2019 ii iii AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Tessa Barone for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Arts in English and Honors Baccalaureate Arts in History presented on May 28, 2019. Title: Just Go Find Yourself a Nice Alpha: Gender and Consent in Supernatural Fanfiction’s Alpha/Beta/Omega Universe. Abstract approved:_____________________________________________________ Rebecca Olson Shows, books, and media are constantly negotiating power with their fans. Who decides what is canon? To whom does the story belong?? The answer has traditionally been in favor of producers. However, in the age of the internet, fans now hold considerably more power than they ever have before, and some shows, like the CW’s Supernatural, respond by participating in “fanservice.” Many fans of this show strongly support slash and incest pairings, and by allowing such interpretations to be acknowledged in the narrative Supernatural makes increasingly transgressive readings available to the audience. The trope known as “Alpha/Beta/Omega Dynamics” is extremely popular, borderline pornographic, and virtually eradicates women from the narrative—instead depicting a relationship between men that is highly heterosexual in dynamic. This trope deconstructs the gender binary by assigning gender roles based on behavior, rather than biology, and appeals to an animal code of ethics in order to indulge in problematic, sexist, and abusive sexual situations. -
Digital Fanfic in Negotiation: Livejournal, Archive of Our Own, and the Affordances of Read-Write Platforms
Digital fanfic in negotiation: LiveJournal, Archive of our Own, and the affordances of read-write platforms. Introduction Fanfiction is the unauthorized rewriting or adaptation of popular media narratives, utilizing corporately owned characters, settings and storylines to tell an individual writer’s own story (self-ref, 2017). It is often abbreviated to fanfic or even fic, and exists in a thoroughly grey legal area between copyright infringement and fair use (Tushnet 1997, McCardle 2011). Though there were a few cases of cease-and-desist letters sent to fan writers in the twentieth century, media corporations now understand it is useless to attempt to prosecute fanfic writers – for one thing, there are simply too many of us,1 and for another it would be terrible publicity. Though modern fanfic can be reliably dated to the 1960s (Jenkins 1992), it is now primarily an online practice, and the fastest growing form of writing in the world (self ref). This paper uses participant observation and online ethnography to explore how fanfiction archives utilize digital affordances. Following Murray, I will argue that a robust understanding of digital read-write platforms needs to account for the social and legal context of digital fiction as well as its technological affordances. Whilst the online platform LiveJournal in some ways channels user creativity towards a more self-evidentially ‘digital’ texts than its successor in the Archive of Our Own (A03), the Archive encourages greater reader interactivity at the level of archive and sorting. I will demonstrate that in some ways, the A03 recoups some of the cultural capital and use value of print. -
Front Matter Template
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UT Digital Repository Copyright by Birch Griesse 2019 The Report Committee for Birch Griesse Certifies that this is the approved version of the following Report: Mediating Conflicting Values in a Community Archives Setting APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Amelia Acker, Supervisor Patricia K. Galloway Mediating Conflicting Values in a Community Archives Setting by Birch Griesse Report Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Information Studies The University of Texas at Austin May 2019 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. Amelia Acker for her hard work in helping me navigate the process of researching and writing this report, including helping me overcome several obstacles along the way. I would also like to thank my mother, Janet Titus, for her continuous love and support. iv Abstract Mediating Conflicting Values in a Community Archives Setting Birch Griesse, M.S. Info. St. The University of Texas at Austin, 2019 Supervisor: Amelia Acker This report examines conflicts within the user community of the online fanwork repository Archive of Our Own (AO3). The site is a nonprofit venture with the ambitious goal of serving the large heterogeneous community of fandom writ large. Tensions among subsets of the Archive’s user group have flared up at various points in its ten-year history, forcing its volunteer-based staff into the position of arbiter of community values. These conflicting values have influenced, sometimes asymmetrically, the functionality of the Archive and are now embedded in its design. -
Audiences, Gender and Community in Fan Vidding Katharina M
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2011 "Veni, Vidi, Vids!" audiences, gender and community in Fan Vidding Katharina M. Freund University of Wollongong, [email protected] Recommended Citation Freund, Katharina M., "Veni, Vidi, Vids!" audiences, gender and community in Fan Vidding, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Social Sciences, Media and Communications, Faculty of Arts, University of Wollongong, 2011. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3447 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] “Veni, Vidi, Vids!”: Audiences, Gender and Community in Fan Vidding A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree Doctor of Philosophy From University of Wollongong by Katharina Freund (BA Hons) School of Social Sciences, Media and Communications 2011 CERTIFICATION I, Katharina Freund, declare that this thesis, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Arts Faculty, University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. Katharina Freund 30 September, 2011 i ABSTRACT This thesis documents and analyses the contemporary community of (mostly) female fan video editors, known as vidders, through a triangulated, ethnographic study. It provides historical and contextual background for the development of the vidding community, and explores the role of agency among this specialised audience community. Utilising semiotic theory, it offers a theoretical language for understanding the structure and function of remix videos. -
Expressions in Fan Culture
Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Japanskt mál og menning Expressions in Fan Culture Cosplay, Fan Art, Fan Fiction Ritgerð til BA-prófs í japönsku máli og menningu Ragnhildur Björk Jóhannsdóttir Kt.: 210393-2189 Leiðbeinandi: Gunnella Þorgeirsdóttir Maí 2017 Expressions in Fan Culture Abstract This composition is a BA thesis for Japanese Language and Culture at the University of Iceland. In this essay, I will give the reader a little insight into the world of fan culture and will be focusing on how fans express themselves. Fans get inspired by books, movies and television programmes to create all kinds of fan work; whether it is fan fiction, fan art, doujinshi, cosplay, or any other creations. Furthermore, the thesis will explore fan culture as it presents itself in Japan and compare it to fan culture in Europe and the USA. I will discuss the effect these creations, although mainly fan fiction, has on authors of popular media and on social media and how the Internet has made it easier for fans all over the world to connect, as well as for fans and creators to connect. 2 Expressions in Fan Culture Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 2 Contents .................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 4 What is Fan Culture .................................................................................................. -
The Fan Studies Network Conference 24-25 June 2017
THE FAN STUDIES NETWORK CONFERENCE 24-25TH JUNE 2017 CENTRE FOR PARTICIPATORY CULTURE UNIVERSITY OF HUDDERSFIELD PROGRAMME FRIDAY 23rd JUNE 17:30 PARTICIPATORY CULTURE MATTERS Roundtable discussion and launch event for the University of Huddersfield Centre for Participatory Culture (Free entry to all FSN2017 delegates) 19:30 SOCIAL EVENT: WINE RECEPTION (SPONSORED BY THE LAUNCH OF THE CENTRE FOR PARTICIPATORY CULTURE) AND FAN STUDIES QUIZ SATURDAY 24th JUNE 09:00 – 09:30 REGISTRATION 09:30 – 10:30 KEYNOTE Dr Louisa Stein: Fandom/Resistance 10:30 – 10:45 BREAK 10:45 – 12:15 PARALLEL PANELS Panel A: Rethinking Fan Studies Panel B: Genre and Fandom Panel C: Ageing Fans and Ageing Celebrities in Popular Media Culture 12:15 – 13:15 LUNCH 13:15 – 14:45 PARALLEL PANELS Panel D: Fantagonisms: Interrogating ‘Toxic’ Fandom Panel E: Mainstreaming Fandom Panel F: Transcultural Fandom 14:45 – 15:00 BREAK 15:00 – 16:30 PARALLEL PANELS Panel G: New Perspectives on Fandom and Neoliberalism Panel H: Transmedia Tourism and Participatory Cultures Panel I: Power 16:30 – 16:45 BREAK 16:45 – 18:00 SPEED GEEKING 18:00 – 19:30 THE FAN STUDIES NETWORK FIFTH BIRTHDAY PARTY (featuring a wine reception) 20:30 CONFERENCE DINNER SUNDAY 25th JUNE 09:00 – 09:30 REGISTRATION 09:30 – 11:00 PARALLEL PANELS Panel J: Performing Fandom Panel K: Fan/Producer Relationships Panel L: Memory and Long-term Fandom 11:00 – 11:15 BREAK 11:15 – 12:45 PARALLEL PANELS Panel M: Fan Practices Panel N: The CW Network: Teen Shows, Fanagement and the Organisation of the Fan Community Panel -
Sameness Attracts, Novelty Disturbs, but Outliers Flourish in Fanfiction
SAMENESS ATTRACTS,NOVELTY DISTURBS, BUT OUTLIERS FLOURISH IN FANFICTION ONLINE APREPRINT Elise Jing1, Simon DeDeo2, and Yong-Yeol Ahn3 1Department of Informatics, Indiana University 2Social and Decision Sciences, Dietrich College, Carnegie Mellon University 3Department of Informatics, Indiana University April 17, 2019 ABSTRACT The nature of what people enjoy is not just a central question for the creative industry, it is a driving force of cultural evolution. It is widely believed that successful cultural products balance novelty and conventionality: they provide something familiar but at least somewhat divergent from what has come before, and occupy a satisfying middle ground between “more of the same” and “too strange”. We test this belief using a large dataset of over half a million works of fanfiction from the website Archive of Our Own (AO3), looking at how the recognition a work receives varies with its novelty. We quantify the novelty through a term-based language model, and a topic model, in the context of existing works within the same fandom. Contrary to the balance theory, we find that the lowest-novelty are the most popular and that popularity declines monotonically with novelty. A few exceptions can be found: extremely popular works that are among the highest novelty within the fandom. Taken together, our findings not only challenge the traditional theory of the hedonic value of novelty, they invert it: people prefer the least novel things, are repelled by the middle ground, and have an occasional enthusiasm for extreme outliers. It suggests that cultural evolution must work against inertia — the appetite people have to continually reconsume the familiar, and may resemble a punctuated equilibrium rather than a smooth evolution. -
Fictious Flattery: Fair Use, Fan Fiction, and the Business of Imitation
Intellectual Property Brief Volume 8 Issue 2 Article 1 2016 Fictious Flattery: Fair Use, Fan Fiction, and the Business of Imitation Mynda Rae Krato George Washington University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/ipbrief Part of the Intellectual Property Law Commons Recommended Citation Krato, Mynda Rae (2016) "Fictious Flattery: Fair Use, Fan Fiction, and the Business of Imitation," Intellectual Property Brief: Vol. 8 : Iss. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/ipbrief/vol8/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Intellectual Property Brief by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Fictious Flattery: Fair Use, Fan Fiction, and the Business of Imitation This article is available in Intellectual Property Brief: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/ipbrief/vol8/iss2/1 FICTITIOUS FLATTERY: FAIR USE, FANFICTION, AND THE BUSINESS OF IMITATION Mynda Rae Krato INTRODUCTION ............. 92 L Background............................................................. 94 A. Foundational Statutory and Case Law..................................94 B. Fanfiction Case Law..............................................96 C. Popular Culture and the Power of Fandoms ............................. -
Alternate Universe Fan Videos and the Reinterpretation of the Media
Alternate Universe Fan Videos and the Reinterpretation of the Media Source Introduction According to the Francesca Coppa, American scholar and co-founder of the Organization for Transformative Works1, fan videos are “a form of grassroots filmmaking in which clips from television shows and movies are set to music.”2 Fan videos are commonly referred to as: fanvid, songvid, vid, AMV (for Anime Music Video); their process of creation is called vidding and their editors (fan)vidders. While the “media tradition” described above in Francesca Coppa‟s definition is a crucial part of the fan video production, many other fan videos are created for anime, especially Asian ones (AMV), for video games (some of them called Machinima), or even for other subjects, from band tributes to other types of remix. The vidding tradition – in its current “shape” – goes back to the era of the first VCR; but the very first fan videos may be traced back to the seventies in a slideshow format. When channel mixers and numerous machines available to a large group of consumers emerged, this fan activity easily became an expanding one amongst the fan communities, who were often interested in new technology, whatever era it is. Vidding has now become a digital process, thanks to the expansion of computer and related technical means, including at least semiprofessional editing software. It seems relevant to point out how rare it is that a vidder goes through editing training when they begin to create fan videos, or even become a professional editor later on. Of course, exceptions exist, but vidding generally remains a hobby. -
Theorizing the Anti-Fan
Beyond the H8R: Theorizing the Anti-Fan “Where‟s the „Dislike‟ Button?” From the benign to the vitriolic, haters are everywhere. One TV critic recently asked, ―Whatever happened to ‗I don‘t like‘?‖(Weeks 2011) Let us consider ―hateration,‖ that is hate as anti-fan activity, on a continuum. On the passive end, if you do not like something on a Facebook friend‘s wall your options are to either comment with your dislike or ignore the posting. Somewhere in the middle of the continuum, celebrity news blogs such as dlisted, mix equal parts adoration and hate in posting, such as acknowledging celebrity birthdays under the heading ―Birthday Sluts.‖ And, at a gathering of friends, a lull in conversation can be enlivened by a round of the party game, ―Kill, Fuck, Marry‖ or naming six celebrities you would like to put on an airplane that is sure to have engine failure and crash. (Those last two are on the vitriolic end, in case that was not clear.) Hate for genre texts, people, events, and objects in popular culture is all around us, yet it continues to be an overlooked sentiment in fan studies. Anti-fans hang about the periphery of fandom, but they are nonetheless part of the fan world. It is not that web 2.0 – the mix of interactivity and online communities – is blind to the existence of dislike nor completely ignores the sentiment. The 2012 Adobe Digital Index Report finds that a little more than half (53%) of consumers surveyed ―said they would very much like to have a ‗dislike‘ button‖ on the social media site Facebook (Lomas 2012). -
A Portrait of Fandom Women in The
DAUGHTERS OF THE DIGITAL: A PORTRAIT OF FANDOM WOMEN IN THE CONTEMPORARY INTERNET AGE ____________________________________ A Thesis Presented to The Honors TutoriAl College Ohio University _______________________________________ In PArtiAl Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation from the Honors TutoriAl College with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Journalism ______________________________________ by DelAney P. Murray April 2020 Murray 1 This thesis has been approved by The Honors TutoriAl College and the Department of Journalism __________________________ Dr. Eve Ng, AssociAte Professor, MediA Arts & Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Thesis Adviser ___________________________ Dr. Bernhard Debatin Director of Studies, Journalism ___________________________ Dr. Donal Skinner DeAn, Honors TutoriAl College ___________________________ Murray 2 Abstract MediA fandom — defined here by the curation of fiction, art, “zines” (independently printed mAgazines) and other forms of mediA creAted by fans of various pop culture franchises — is a rich subculture mAinly led by women and other mArginalized groups that has attracted mAinstreAm mediA attention in the past decAde. However, journalistic coverage of mediA fandom cAn be misinformed and include condescending framing. In order to remedy negatively biAsed framing seen in journalistic reporting on fandom, I wrote my own long form feAture showing the modern stAte of FAndom based on the generation of lAte millenniAl women who engaged in fandom between the eArly age of the Internet and today. This piece is mAinly focused on the modern experiences of women in fandom spaces and how they balAnce a lifelong connection to fandom, professional and personal connections, and ongoing issues they experience within fandom. My study is also contextualized by my studies in the contemporary history of mediA fan culture in the Internet age, beginning in the 1990’s And to the present day. -
Orienting Fandom: the Discursive Production of Sports and Speculative Media Fandom in the Internet Era
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository ORIENTING FANDOM: THE DISCURSIVE PRODUCTION OF SPORTS AND SPECULATIVE MEDIA FANDOM IN THE INTERNET ERA BY MEL STANFILL DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communications with minors in Gender and Women’s Studies and Queer Studies in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor CL Cole, Co-Chair Associate Professor Siobhan Somerville, Co-Chair Professor Cameron McCarthy Assistant Professor Anita Chan ABSTRACT This project inquires into the constitution and consequences of the changing relationship between media industry and audiences after the Internet. Because fans have traditionally been associated with an especially participatory relationship to the object of fandom, the shift to a norm of media interactivity would seem to position the fan as the new ideal consumer; thus, I examine the extent to which fans are actually rendered ideal and in what ways in order to assess emerging norms of media reception in the Internet era. Drawing on a large archive consisting of websites for sports and speculative media companies; interviews with industry workers who produce content for fans; and film, television, web series, and news representations from 1994-2009 in a form of qualitative big data research—drawing broadly on large bodies of data but with attention to depth and texture—I look critically at how two media industries, speculative media and sports, have understood and constructed a normative idea of audiencing.