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Multi-Target Inhibitory Activity of Some Medicinal Plants on Α-Amylase, Tyrosinase And

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Multi-Target Inhibitory Activity of Some Medicinal Plants on Α-Amylase, Tyrosinase And ACTA SCIENTIFIC NUTRITIONAL HEALTH (ISSN:2582-1423) Volume 3 Issue 10 September 2019 Research Article Hyaluronidase: Potential Therapy for Treatment Diabetes and Diabetic Complications Multi-Target Inhibitory Activity of Some Medicinal Plants on Α-Amylase, Tyrosinase and Rowida Omar1, Amal Galala2 and Farid Badria2* 1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International, Gamasa, Egypt 2Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt *Corresponding Author: Received: FaridPublished: Badria, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. August 17, 2019; September 13, 2019 Abstract Multi - target enzyme inhibitors have gained a growing interest due to their fewer side effects compared to a single targeted or combination therapy. Medicinal plants can serve as a vast platform for bioactive molecules that could act as safe and effective multi P. emblica and T. diffusa - target enzyme inhibitors. Diabetes mellitus is a complicated metabolic disorder with several enzymes involved such as α-amylase, G. glabra C. splendens tyrosinase and hyaluronidase. Out of 54 tested extracts, leaves extract exerted the highest inhibitory effect against α - amylase with 98.37 and 60.16% inhibition, respectively. stolon, propolis resin and leaves extracts P. granatum, P. emblica, and P. guajava exhibited the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity with 98.13 ± 0.80, 73.13 ± 0.51 and 65.52 ± 0.68% inhibition, respectively. On the Calligonum comosum, Camellia sinen- other hand, hyaluronidase enzyme, , showed the highest activity at 116.34 ± 1.06% 115.77 ± sis, Clerodendrum splendens, Phyllanthus emblica, Rumex acetosa, and Turnera diffusa 0.45%, and 103.44 ± 0.78% respectively. Subsequently, this study revealed that only 6 extracts; Calligonum comosum are commonly used in folkloric medicine for diabetes , retained a multi - target inhibitory effect on the three tested enzymes. Interestingly, all 6 plants except modulation and our results rationalize their traditional use. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity and the total phenolic content were determined for all extracts, where they showed potential anti - oxidant capacity related to their high total phenolic content. The obtained results prompted us to a preliminary conclusion towards the potential use of medicinal plants as multi - target enzyme Keywords: inhibitors for the modulation of metabolic diseases such as Diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus; Enzyme Inhibitors; Medicinal Plants; Multi - Target Graphical Abstract: drugs based on natural products’ screening, because they are a rich - wealth of bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds have a disease inhibiting abilities with many advantages over the syn products’ ethnos pharmacological uses and pure compound isola- thetic ones such as lower toxicity with more effectiveness. Natural compound through natural products drug discovery tion from their crude extracts are the basis of for developing a lead Medicinal plants are a rich source of bioactive natural [1]. products - Figure A which are used as active elements in modern medication. Currently, researchers in the study organizations through the world are seek - ing for inexpensive, effective, real and simple accessible natural Introduction compound enzyme inhibitor [2]. Enzyme inhibitors are mostly bio - active secondary metabolites binding with an enzyme to reduce its bioactivity. Subsequently, blocking enzyme activity can kill a patho Natural products, their derivatives and traditional remedies gen or correct a metabolic imbalance. Many natural products are have an uprising attention in drug discovery approaches. Natural - enzyme inhibitors characterized by their specificity, potency and products are characterized by their structural diversity so; they effectiveness. great specificity and potency confirm that a medici could be utilized as biological function modifiers. This open the nal drug will have few side effects and possess low toxicity [3]. door for the development of new technologies in discovering new Citation: et al. Acta Scientific Nutritional Health Farid Badria., “Multi-Target Inhibitory Activity of Some Medicinal Plants on Α-Amylase, Tyrosinase and Hyaluronidase: Potential Therapy for Treatment Diabetes and Diabetic Complications". 3.10 (2019): 68-75. Multi-Target Inhibitory Activity of Some Medicinal Plants on Α-Amylase, Tyrosinase and Hyaluronidase: Potential Therapy for Treatment Diabetes and Diabetic Complications 69 - There are number of examples which deal with enzymes as This prompted us to search for bio - active natural products with - - drug targets involved in the designing of new drugs, such as; ol inhibitory activities against enzymes involved in DM progression, ential inhibitory activity on aldose reductase in vitro ive and ginkgo extracts as potential cataract therapy with differ such as α - amylase, tyrosinase and hyaluronidase. Fifty - four me analogues as potent topoisomerase inhibitors [4], botulinic acid dicinal plants extracts were selected and tested for their α - - [5], and flavonoids amylase, tyrosinase, and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity. The anti tors from natural products as potential treatments for hyperpig- containing an alpha-keto group as a new type of tyrosinase inhibi - oxidant potential and the total phenolic content of the samples mentation Materialswere also measured. and Methods [6]. Plant materials All of the previous examples are about using one compound that targets single enzyme (on - target approach), with high selectivity - Plants represented in Table 1 were collected from the farm of to avoid any unwanted effects arising from mis - targeting other - Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of agriculture, University of Man biological targets (off - targets). On this basis, the concept of drugs soura, Egypt in November 2016. Unorganized drugs were pur inhibiting multiple targets has long been identified as undesirable, of the current incurable pathologies has clearly demonstrated that chased from Huaraz herbal store in Cairo. Samples were identified as it was associated with adverse effects. However, the complexity by Prof. Zain El - abdeen Abd El - Hameed Mohamed, Department of Agricultural Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University. such single - target drugs are inadequate to achieve a therapeutic Latin name Family Part used effect. In parallel, it was found that molecules hitting more than targeted ones Atropa belladonna Solanaceae Leaves one target may have in principle a safer profile compared to single- Boswellia carterii Burseraceae [7]. Camellia sinensis Theaceae Leaves Oleo-gum resin One of the common complex metabolic disorders is diabetes Capsicum officinal Solanaceae Fruit - mellitus, which is characterized by very high plasma glucose levels Calligonum comosum Polygonaceae Leaves (hyperglycemia), causing significant fluxes of glucose in tissues re Catha edulis Calastrales Leaves sulted in secondary complications such as peripheral neuropathy, - Cinchona officinalis Rubiaceae Bark skin disorders, and impaired wound healing ability [8]. Therefore, [9] - Cleome droserifolia Cleomaceae Leaves the control of postprandial hyperglycemia should be the first tar Lamiaceae Leaves get to prevent and manage (DM) . Upon inhibiting the α - amy Clerodendrum splendens Coleus lumei(Plectranthus lase enzyme, the liberation of D - glucose from dietary complex Lamiaceae Leaves an important role in delaying the digestion and absorption of car- scutellarioides) carbohydrates can be retarded. Thus, α - amylase inhibitors play bohydrates and hinder postprandial hyperglycemic deviation Commiphora molmol Burseraceae Gum – Resin Skin hyperpigmentation disorders are one of the complications[10]. Coriandrum sativum Apiaceae Leaves Cuphea hyssopifolia - Lythraceae Leaves Kunth in diabetic patients as a result of oxidative stress due to hypergly These have Cymbopogon citratus Poaceae Leaves cemia. For this reason, it could be useful to inhibit the tyrosinase motivated researchers to seek for novel dual - action compounds Cynanchum argel Delile Apocynaceae Leaves enzyme, which regulates melanin synthesis [11,12]. - Cyperus routundus Cyperaceae Tubers Datura stramonium Solanaceae Leaves targeting the tyrosinase enzyme activity and possessing antioxi dant properties. Moreover, impaired wound healing is a common Echinops spinosissimus Asteraceae Seeds problem in diabetic patients, which is mechanistically linked to Gerbera jamesonii Asteraceae Leaves hyperglycemia through the degradation of hyaluronan (HA) in the Glycyrrhiza glabra Fabaceae Stolon glycocalyx of endothelial cells (ECs) by the hyaluronidase enzyme. Hibiscus sabdariffa Malvaceae Leaves Such changes are likely to increase oxidative damage, impairing Hyoscyamus muticus Solanaceae Leaves the process of wound healing [13]. - Hyphaene thebaica Arecaceae Fruit cations [10] Oxidative stress is one of the causative factors for DM compli Jasminum officinale Leaves , contributing to inflammation, carcinogenesis, cell Lantana camara Verbnaceae Leaves - Oleaceae proliferation, aging, and other complications [14]. Also, it could Lawsonia inermis Lythraceae Leaves lanocytes induce melanin biosynthesis, and may induce proliferation of me Lepidium sativum Brassicaceae Seed activity to the multi - target effect of selected natural products on [15,16]. Therefore, adding the antioxidant/anti - stress Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Leaves Mentha piperita Lamiaceae Leaves
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