TOMPKIXS COUNTY Navigating A Sea Oe Ri:souiu:es PUBLIC LIBRARY

Title: Ithaca, N.Y. as a city of residence and manufacture / Issued under the auspices of the Elmira, Cortland and Northern R.R.

comp. Author: Miller, J.A. , Call number: LH-REF 974.771 Publisher: J.A. Miller, 1891. Owner: Ithaca - Tompkins County Public Library Assigned Branch: Ithaca - Tompkins County Public Library (TCPL) Collection: Local History (LH) Material type: Book Number of pages: 43 p : ill.

Digitization of this material was made possible with a

2009 grant from the Park Foundation 3> fc-1

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Ln JT UJ LH-REF 974.771 Miller, J.A. Ithaca, N.Y. as a city of residence and manufacture. rtw#

50MPKIN3 COUIIIZ I'JULIC LIBIURY JJBACAj, HEW X03K 14850.

For Reference

Not to be taken from this room

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- IS WITHOUT BOURT THE PREfflIF0. FALL CREEK, iUPEELATIVE,' Mixed Spring and AYinter Wlieat- I FAMILY FLOUR OF CENTRAL Ml GOLDEN HARVEST. 0? GOOD STRENGTH AND UN MINNESOTA HAED SPRING YOEK, APPROACHABLE FLAVOR AND RICH' Ylm'iJ.m, Minnesota "Wis eat. CREAMY COLOR. IT STANDS UN olAhuAuii. O N N EY; -)x(--~ Winter AVhear. RIVALED. IT IS FROI THE REST! WHEAT AND IT ENJOYS THE LARG-i These Goods are used m ouanty these Brands are EST SALE OF AM OF OUR BEAMS] Exclusively by the Public the s i.*|}y Equal to any in n-iar-jx-?-! rr.TTTCt TTTfiTMTmv t* u i n n w THIS VlylrHTY. inroughout this Section.

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AS A CiTY OF

ESIDENGE **5

gllustatext.

No claim for originality is advanced, our object being to present a complete resume of the healthy

condition of commerce and traffic and the flourishing condition of the manufacturing,

banking, wholesale and retail houses, and trade circles generally,

together with interesting reading matter pertaining to the

early events of the city, the advantages of

TT" T"1 "* TT* f~T* "i"*irT flTl Ct T PfTTir F

AND

EDUCATIONAL CENTER,

As well as Engravings of Prominent Business Men, Public Buildings, Factories, Scenery, Etc,

3ssue5 unbcr the Ctusptces of tf?c lmira, (c rtlanb & llortr]crn H. H.

CO^PIL-ED OV J. H. 7VHLJLER,

PUBLISHED BY Publishers of Reviews

J. A. MILLER & -CO, pities of f\r~> ?ri<;a. AUGUST, 1891. Ceadir>^

TOMPKiNS COUNTY TELEGRAM CO., PRINTERS, ELMIRA, ~. Y. PUBLIC LIBRA* 312 NORTH CAYUGA STREET IT4HACA. NEW YORK 14850 BIRDS^E VIEW OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY.

VIEW OF CAYUGA LAKE FROM THE CASCADILLA SCHOOL ATHLETIC FIELD. See page 15. CORNELL UNIVERSITY.

suppliment the grant with Mr. George William Curtis relates that one day tution at Ithaca, he would of dollars. This proposition in 1861 he was sitting in the study of Professor a gift of half a million accepted. There were some who Andrew D. White, at the University of Michigan, could not at once be colleges in the state was and that in the course of a conversation explaining believed that the number of and there were the nature and characteristics of already enough, that institution, Professor White others who maintained that a good would result from a said to him that there ought to he greater of the colleges a great university organized on a reinforcing already these antagon somewhat similar plan in central in existence ; but could not be New York. This historical scholar istic views speedily together. The after then went on to relate how, in his brought result, two years of heated discus opinion, the colleges of the Empire nearly was the acceptance of Mr. state fell very far short of accom sion, Cornell's and the plishing whatWas called for bythe proposition, adop charter of Cornell Uni demands of the hour. This conver tion of the versity. This instrument bears sation is of historical interest, be-. of April and the cause it reveals the factthat several date 27, 1865, was opened years before Cornell University University formally Ttli of 1S0S. The was founded the ideas that ulti on the October, favor with which this new enter mately entered into it were even received the public - prise was -then somewhat fully matured. -In by immediate and emphatic. The 1863, Professor White was called was of the project had back to his former home at Syra general nature become known. One of cuse, in New York, by important generally of Mr. Cornell to the business affairs in which he was the sayings "would found anin theninterested. Atthe next election effect that he theOn-r where person could he was chosen to represent stitution any ARMORY.: instruction had ondaga district in the New York find inany and given wide-spread Senate. When the Legislature met, in January, Mr. been takenup by the newspapers consequence was that on the White, (then the youngest member) found occupying a publicity. The openingday and indeed for some days before, the seat near him, a plain, stern, farmer-like looking man, of the University, to Ithaca had been well covered with already past middle life, who bore the name of Ezra roads leading of knowledge. Not Cornell. These gentlemen had never met each other pilgrims coming to this new fount soon* hundred seekers after truth. before, but they were drawn by a common less than about six young interest into bringing all grades of close fel prep very from lowship and aration, friendship. One that given at the humblest day Mr. Cor of grammar nell said to Mr. schools to that White that he afforded the had about half by proudest acad a million of dol in the lars more than emy scrambled was necessary land, at for his family, for places the and that he opening doors of the should be glad on to know how University that October he could best day. About use the money four hundred for the good of were his fellow men. actually the It happened admitted to University. that at that The plan of or- very time the Legislature g a nization adopted the was under the by trustees gave necessity of SAGE COLLEGE. <-L.,phasis to considering education. regard to the im what be called the industri A>" o of what course should be taken in very may ^ esiah^1 ~ \^ department portant educational act of 1862, and Mr. Cornell then There was at once strong of a scbox of Civil a school came forward with a proposition that if the Legisla Agriculture, Engineering, insti- and the Mechanic Arts ture would devote the fund to the support of an of Mechanical F'-^jering u ITHACA, NEW YOKE:. and a school of Architecture. Besides these, an effort i it was the desire of the founder that co-education was made L^p.-ovHo exceptionally good facilities for should be a characteristic of the University. It was stud^* in Chemistry and m the Natural Sciences, as not, however, until 187-t that the admission of women Vv ell as in the Ancient and Modern Classics aud in His was made practicable by the erection of Sage College. tory and Political Science. A strong corps of non-resi In that year the beautiful structure was completed dentlecturers was at once secured. Professor Goldwin which has since become the delightful home of a large Smith, Regius Professor of History at Oxford, was in number of the women admitted to the University. duced to come over from England and identifiy him For the founding of the college for women Mr. Henry self with the fortunes of this new enterprise. Louis W. Sage gave a quarter of a million of dollars, about Agassiz, George William Ourtis, James Russell Low one hundred andthirty thousand of which was devoted ell and Theodore Dwight gave a valuable impulse to to the erection of the building and the remainder to its the institution by their courses of lectures during the endowment. This structure, now under the control first years after its organization. Before a single class of a business manager and a principal, is the abode of had completed its course the students numbered nearly about one hundred young women. These are admit six hundred. Since 1885, the helm of the institution ted to all the classes of the University. Mr. Sage soon has been in the hands of President Charles Kendall supplemented this noble gift by the erection of Sage Adams, LL. D., who had succeeded President White Chapel; and his son, Mr. Dean Sage, soon endowed as professor of history in the- University of Michigan. the preachership. But the crowning work of Mr. The policy of President Adams has been at once to Sage's generosity to the University was shown in the sohdify and compact erection and endow the organization of the ment of a University departments already library. s The building, establishedunderPres which in midsummer ident White, and to of 1891 is receiving the add such new features finishing touches of as have seemed to be the builders, is to be called for by the larger completed at a cost of three hundred numbers attendingthe nearly University. During thousand dollars ; and this period of develop the same munificent ment the growth of benefactor adds to the the University has gift of the building an been phenomenal. The endowment of three number of professors hundred thousand dol of and teachers of other lars, the income which is forever to be grades regularly em pur ployed is now about devoted to the chase of books. An one hundred and ten. other beautiful gift to This very large teach the Universitv was ing force has been sup that of Mr. "'A. S. plemented by thirty or the eminent forty non-resident rep Barnes, publisherof NewYork. resentatives of the va The which riousbranchesoflearn building bears his name "was ing. The number of Jnk ?MvaiGuP/Na.MEMM |<**"woiit or Jmi pMinux typnoviTv, Jtimca. Ji given for the purposes students in attendance LABORATORY. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL of Christian Asso- in 1890-91 is thirteen the

ninety- and such other uses of the as hundred and two ; and of these, somewhat ciation University may found not to conflict with the needs of the associa more than a hundred are pursuing graduate work. be tion. This has become the real heart of the The prosperity of the University is readily ac building expenditures have University. Almost of the week a counted for by the large that every evening teachers that is held in some one of its numerous rooms. been made, not only for the best meeting material equipment The regular exercise prescribed the and could be procured, but also for the by faculty afforded thegymnasiuminsures an unusual measure of the various departments. Any stranger who visits by surprised at the num of health to all classes of and the success of the grounds of the University is students, the various athletic organizations in competition with ber and the size of the college buildings. In stone, other colleges testifies to the spirit and the vigor with there are the Cascadilla Place, Morrill Hall, McGraw which carried on. Other buildings Hall, White Hall, Franklin Hall, Sibley College, Lin athletic sports are are are to be erected in the near future. The School of coln Hall and the Library. In brick, there the Sage Col Law which was founded four years ago has al Armorv and Gvmnasium, the Sage Chapel, only one hundred and students lege, Barnes Hall, Morse Hall, the Laboratory of ready more than twenty a new is imperative. The Electrical Engineering, the Sibley College Machine and the demand for building Mechanical Engineering. foundations will be laid in the summer of 1891 and it Shops and the Laboratory of structures the campus of is expected that in the fall of 1892 a new, commodious Besides this array of noble will occupation. contains the residences of more and elegant be ready for about seventy acres building Adjacent to the Provision has also been made for a which than thirty officers of instruction. building of the College shall together all the departments which consti campus on the east side is the domain bring varied departments occu tute the College of Agriculture. of Agriculture, which in its acres. From the first pies nearly a hundred and fifty The corrected. Cascadilla School. About midway between progress may be noted and his faults The the Cornell University campus and the E. C. & N. work of the gymnasium is placed in charge of a com depot is situated out- a large brick building, overlooking petent instructor, who also personally directs all both campus bitu- and city. From its commanding position of-door sports. The athletic grounds, proper, are it at once attracts the traveler's attention and on en ated on the north side of Fall Creek, directly opposite quiring, one learns that it is the new home of the the McGraw-Fiske mansion. It is confidently believed CASCADILLA SCHOOL. that no better selection could have been made in To residents of Ithaca and former Cornell students Ithaca, either in point of healthfulness, beauty of sur the school has been known for nearly fifteen years as roundings, or natural advantages. Situated four hun special a preparatory school for Cornell University, dred feet above Cayuga Lake, and commanding a view conducted Professor by Lucian A. Wait, at Cascadilla of twenty miles over the water to the north and twelve place. But the facilities there offered Avere found in or fifteen miles to the south-west up a beautiful valley, adequate to meet the constantly increasing demands. with an open field and plenty of room for foot-ball, the past During year, 1S90, the new school building base-ball, tennis, running, and kindred sports, with was erected, and to meet the changed condition the two natural terraces on the north-east side, fifteen to school has been school- entirely reorganized. The thirty feet in height, overlooking the field, it is clear house, consisting of three stories, is a marvel of its that the natural advantages of the Cascadilla athletic kind. On the first floor is the library and office of the grounds are all that could be desired. director and principal, a large study room and closets. BOATING AND SKATING. On the second floor are three large class rooms, so All boys have not the same tastes ; all sports are not

VIEW OF CASCADILLA SCHOOL. arranged as to receive an abundance of light from one equally attractive to any one boy. In orderthat no pupil side only, with slate black boards, folding seats, and of the Cascadilla School may be excusable for neglect all the latest approved modern appliances. The entire of physical exercise, the School has recently acquired third floor is reserved for gymnasium and bath rooms. about twenty acres of land at the head of Cayuga The gymnasium apparatus has been selected for the Lake, with a frontage of twelve hundred feet on the school by Dr. Hitchcock, professor of physical culture lake and upwards of a quarter of a mile on Fall Creek. in the Cornell University. In the spacious halls are Boys are encouraged to make good use of this water recesses for reading desks, which will be supplied with privilege, but only when in charge of a competent in the best current magazines and newspapers. The structor. The water off-shore for nearly a quarter of building is finished throughout in oak, fitted for both a mile scarcely exceeds ten feet in depth ; the bottom electric fighting and gas, has electric bells, speaking slopes gently away, affording excellent facilities for tubes, the hot air method of ventilation, heated by bathing. In winter, Fall Creek and the shallow por steam in short, it is, according to the most modem tions of the lake are unrivaled for skating. The in ideas, a model school building. creased attendance from abroad has rendered suitable PHYSICAL CULTURE. home accommodations imperative. Daring the past It is recognized that a temperate and judicious sys year about one-third of the pupils have had homes tem of .physicaltraining has peculiar claims upon under the personal supervision of teachers. Arrange every well-meaning school. To this end each boy, ments have been made for the reception in the fall of admission Cascadilla soon after his to the school, is 1891 of all students who may desire a home with the physical examination to given a careful determine principal. The advantages offered in this way by the what is best for his development bodily ; these exam school are among the most desirable in the city. The are repeated from that Univer- inations time to time, the boy's Cornell Era, published by the students of the JL JLJHLACA, NEW YOEK. ViE sity, in its issue o2 January 31, 1891, speaks as follows carried on, so that each may know the boy's tendencies concerning the school : "The principal is James E. and needs, and thus responsibility is mutually shared. Russell, \ jB., Cornell,'87,who, since graduation, has Monthly special reports are sent to parents, and de been eni-.ged in similar work in eastern preparatory tailed reports at the end of each term. The boys are sch.or70. It is a fact worthy of note that Mr. Rassell required to do the best they can. All the assistance ".v as the first student to take honors in philosophy un is given, in and out of school, that is good for them. der Dr. Schurman. Professor Wait is general director The boys rooming outside are located in approved of the school, and still personally directs the work in places, and are frequently visited by the teachers. mathematics. The students thus receive the benefits The work is made as attractive as possible, and the of his university experience. The active management several prizes, scholarships, etc., offered are all means of the school, however, falls on Mr. Russell. The to this end. It is not intended that the number of corps of instructors, thirteen in all, are each specialists boys at the Cascadilla school shall ever become as large in their respective subjects, and many of them are as at Exeter or Andover. The intention is to build up names familiar to Cornell students. The more ad a thoroughly fine home school for one - hundred boys. vanced students are enabled, in certain subjects, to A greater number than this would not, accordmg have the same instruction and the same instructor as to tne method of the school officers, be conducive to

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THE MOUTH OF FALL CREEK-CAYUGA LAKE Showing Cascadilla School Property on the Left. they would have in the university. The work in the the best results. The instruction aimed at is individual. university is thus anticipated, and the student is pre Classes are purposely kept small so that attention may pared, not only to pass the university entrance exami be given to each boy individually, rather than to the ambition,' but to continue his work after having entered. class as a whole. 'Our said Mr. Russell nations, ' the only school especially preparing students to the Era representative, is to make the school first, Being ' ' for Cornell, the Cascadilla is intended to be primarily a safe place to which any gentlemanly boy may be to furnish a which a thorough, excellent preparatory school. To this end, sent ; and second, training shall of students are sought or fit him to take high rank at Cornell or other lead only the very best class any admitted. Reliable recommendations are required for ing American college. Boys who wish to prepare for go everyone. Application blanks are sent to the appli Harvard or Yale usually to the better known answer New England. It would cant's parent or guardian, who is required to schools of seem, however, ' such as the : Did the applicant from the present demand that there is a place here in questions, following ' leave the school last attended in good standing V For Ithaca for a high grade preparatory school that shall country." prepared?' in the The reputation what college or university do you wish him be the equal to any that form?' school is due to 'Does he use tobacco in any 'Does he have your the has already acquired, Professor cannot fail to be maintained under consent to visit places where liquor is sold as a bever Wait, and it the visit billiard active management of Mr. who is so well age V 'Does he have your consent to public Russell, pre ?' officers of the pared to conduct the work. With its new halls or saloons Those who know the building ;

answer corps of keeping.the -school school know that an affirmative to the last two its efficient instructors, admission. in touch with the methods and life questions is a bar to the applicant's university ; with After these boys have been admitted who are sup its admirable organization and methods, and with con treated as such. Cor- Cascadilla school is des posed to be gentlemen, they are stantly increasing attendance, important in between principal and parents is freely tined to fill an necessity Ithaca. ITHACA, N. Y.

It is not our intention to give in this work a com souls, not including the 2,000 students, professors, etc., plete of the history city of Ithaca. To do such would at the Cornell University. Nothing affords a m un require us to go back to a period when the site of satisfactory index of the progress of Ithaca during ibu Ithaca was first inhabited by the Jesuit Fathers as past three years than the simple figures taken from as and as the assessed early 1657, history of this city from the the books of the city clerk, showing the of the 19th sim- beginning century to the present time is value of property for taxation. This showing,howevor is far short of the actual value. Much property, especially personal cash in hand, etc., escapes taxation altogether. The city clerk's footings are as follows : Value of real estate in Ithaca as shown by tax dup 2,518,907.(0 licate of 1890 $ Value of personal property in Ithaca as shown by tax duplicate of 1890 44G.080.CH) Increase of tax duplicate of 1890 over 1888 129, LSI. 00 Rates of taxation in Ithaca for 1888 on the $100.00, valuation. $1.32 ; for 1890, 1.27, showing, a A^ery liberal decrease over 18-S8. The. city of Ithaca comprises an area of some six miles square, and has forty-one miles of street.

MANUFACTURING.

There are eighty different manufacturing establish ments in the city, ranging in magnitude from concerns giving employment to 250 men down to the private enterprise of the individual with a helper or two. They are respectively making agricultural implements, bake-stuffs, clocks, guns, paper, furniture, wen-dig ging machinery, engines and boilers, boats, glass. gents' granite and marble-ware, furnishing goods. wagons and carriages, barrels, doors, sash and blinds. cider, horse shoes and other miscellaneous articles or lesser importance. The number of men employed by $gffAU^^"_ . manufacturers will aggregate at least 1,500. The trade of Ithaca's manufacturers now extends into all parts of this continent and even reaches to a consider iuuaiaa able degree into foreign countries. We herewith

i CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.

_ilarin many respects to that of otherfcities, we will not carry the reader through a long a tedious narrative of the past, reminiscences of which have been so copi ously printed as to render everyone familiar with it. In 1834 we find Ithaca with three newspapers, two book stores, two hardware stores, three dry goods, three druggist, three jewelers, sixteen grocers, five milliners and thirty-six manufacturing establish

tati ments! . In, thelatter,were^emplayedj39,people,in andthey were making paper, flour, plaster, machinery, chairs, iron, plows, woolen goods, steam engines;- etc. In 1S58 the population of Ithaca was 7,153 and in 1866 had only increased to 7,261. The Ithaca and Athens railroad and the Ithaca and Cortland railroad were opened in lS71"aiid in 1873 the Geneva and Ithaca while the Cayuga Lake railroad was opened Infi ; railroad, in 1874. These roads afforded Ithaca excellent ship hfimpor- ping facilities and at once she began to grow tance as a manufacturing and commercial center. INTERESTING FACTS.

is" HIGH SCHOOL. - As the City of Ithaca the metropolis and capital '' append the which be relied upon of Tompkins county and: contains at present the following table, may as as near correct as it were possible +^ obtain greater part of its population, manufacture and trade, being the figures : . present the statistics of the city. In 1870 'we following "1S80" ict^- Number of nianr>f .,* concerns 80 Ithaca had a population of 7,261/ ; In the census invests" Capital $1,162,000 00 9,800 people within her gates and in returns indicated Amount of p j^^\ output 1,786.000 00 population'

people employed. , . 1,470 1890 the Uv S. census gives her a of 12,000 Number ...-.; ; IS ITHACA, NEW YOE h

JOBBING AND RETAIL. different railroads in competition with each other to market vast quantities of hard and soft The figures shown in the latter part of our editorial bring this the coal fields of Pennsylvania, located on manufacturing represents the output of those con from about miles south of here, which are furnished cerns and have nothing to do with the jobbing and sixty to at the market prices. Fall retail interests of the city, which of course far out consumers lowest Creek, a water power strips her industrial resources. Some idea of the char mountain stream, furnishes which can be rented at low figures ; and the state acter and extent of the jobbing trade of the city may very ment of several manufacturers located here, be had from the fact that there are thirty wholesale already is that their savings amount to about i'5 per cent over houses who annually transact a business aggregating coal. of the manufacturers located on this from $3,000.00 to 8100,000.00 and whose trade extend Some stream high as a 15

THE TERRACE. Property of Professor Lucian A. Wait, Director of the Cascadilla School. See page 15.

' should not be lost sight of by those who are about to specialty there has long been an urgent demand, and engage in business of any kind. Fully alive to the within six miles of the city can be found large beds of fact that the permanency oi prosperity of any com the fines'", el iy, suitable for all kinds of brick, tile and of manu terra-cotta ware. munity lies in the possession oi: a diversity Any of the above concerns well facturing enterprises, the people of Ithaca have fos managed would be placed on a paying basis from the tered and encouraged the location here of industrial start. establishments. First of all is : Its excellent trans SALT. portation facilities afforded by the three railroads and which to the The advantages of canal, bv way of Cayuga Lake, bring this city in this respect has long materials and been of doors of "the manufactories raw carry the subject much favorable discussion, but the idea, at a small cost the manufactured goods to the princi generated lias never been carried into execution. pal marts of the country. The cost of living in Ithaca There is evay indication that the salt industr here aa is cho'ioer than in cities <( the State. Labor of in the ban of experienced persons with capi\ and

wo- ; o e and unskilled cheap, brains 'id prove a and Villi ;, skilled comparatively success, they would meet with encoura iceausi rents are low and livi. at a minimum. The libera] sTnent and assistance in tb iron- ITHACA, NEW YORK. io dertakmg from the citizens o Ithaca. In the Amer where connections are made with the main line of this ican Geologist of and west. October, lsito, cim l,e found a report road and the Erie Railroad, both east The of a well drilled one-quarter of a mile south of Ithaca Geneva, Ithaca & Sayre R. R., operated by the Lehigh where at a depth of main of about 2,Ooo feet, a vein of salt 252 Valley and connecting at Sayre with the line feet was deep found. The water which was pumped this road. An outlet north is had by the G., I. oc S. from the well being saturated with salt, which was 98 per cent, pure. In drilling a test well, a find of the very best mineral water was made at a depth of 380 feet, and Mr. Rust the contractor who has drilled sev enteen of the most popular mineral wells at Saratoga Springs, asserts that the water discovered here is un surpassed by any well in Saratoga or elsewhere. Nowhere in the country is there a better opening for a combined summer hotel, sanitarium and bath house, and to some enterprising company or firm would be given the privilege of conducting the above named places, and the export sale of the "mineral waters by the syndicate who own the wells, and who are among Ithaca's most representative and enterprising citizens.

RESIDENCE OF J. C. STOWELL.

R. R., connecting at Geneva with the Auburn branch of the N. Y. Central and at Lyons with the main line of the N. Y. Central. These lines have a lively com petitor in the Elmira, Cortland & Northern, which connects at Elmira with the Erie and at Canastota with the West Shore and N. Y. Central Railroads for all points east, north, west or south. By Cayuga Lake the Erie Canal is also made accessible, being in tersected at Cayuga, and a considerable portion of the heavier freight is carried over the Lake to this Canal. Thus it will be seen that there is ample competition

Mayor H. A. St. JOHN.

See Autophone Co. Sketch.

BANKING.

Citizens of Ithaca refer to their banks with great pride and satisfaction, as it L through these institu tions that local credit and enterprise are enhanced to the greatest degree. The banks are upon a sound practical basis. There are two national banks with a s Capita of 400.000 00 Undivided profits 107.0TS 00 Surplus... 00,000 00 and a saving bank with Deposits to 809,000 00 amounting' Surplus 100,000 00

TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES.

A glance at the mail of this State will fully illustrate the fact that Ithaca enjoys all advantages obtained J. C. STOWELL. from a perfect svstem of railway service, affording "ommumieation See C. Stowell k Son Sketch. her immediate and direct with a J. now boundless area of country, 'foe roads centering swuthrm the and rountr j')r.n, ;!!V, for the tints, D.. L. & W.. suitable freight rates to all parts of this 'en Ithaca and can obtained and ,v]10 ,ii;>:nate the raihvay bet Owego, be from to Ithaca. 20 ITHACA, OTW YOEK.

WATER AND GAS. The expenses of the department for 18S0 was An abundant of 813,282.00 supply water is furnished by the and for 1890 was 815,605.60. Nine carriers Ithaca Water are Works, a private corporation. The retained by the office in this city. The postmaster water is drawn from is Buttermilk Creek at a point two Mr. Edmund E. Robinson and the assistant is Mr. J. miles the south, stream being 215 feet above the busi E. Tompkins. ness portion of the village. Three reservoirs of im mense are capacity employed, one being looted at the PARKS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS. point on the stream a for mentioned, second, storage Ithaca abounds in beautiful purposes, a parks, attractive and half mile above, and the third on South healthy spots for the people. The largest of Mill, which m connection with breathing the first named is used tj^se is Washington, which covers six acres De- for purposes. From these ; distributing two reservoirs Witt, five acres the water ; Tompkins, two acres ; and several enters iron mains and under a pressure of smaller parks and places,in the pounds to resting different parts ninety the square inch is carried to all parts of the add to the attractions of ot the village. city, the residence sec For fire purposes hydrants are located tion. The Cornell Free owes at convenient Library its existence to points, from which streams can strong the unbounded of that grand be thrown over the generosity man, Hon. highest building. Gas is supplied Ezra the Cornell, and very appropriately bears his name. by same corporation. It contains over 16,000 volumes, which with a few ex-

A PART OF THE CASCADILLA SCHOOL ATHLETIC FIELD, LOOKING WEST.

POST OFFICE. ceptions circulate free within the limits of Tompkins county. The The increase of the post-office business is an excel budding was constructed at an expense ot 5/o,000.00 and contains lent criterion in forming an estimate of the general library and reading rooms fine hall for public devekmment of the city, inasmuch as all the statistics exercises and was dedicated with appropriate are from official source, and the showing made by this ceremonies on the evening of December 1866. and with the department of the general government is one in which 20th, ground upon which it stands wing- presented to the village. every citizen can take an honest pride. The folio Among the other notable public buildings the is a summarized statement of the Ithaca post-office are, court house and iail, post for^the years 1SS9 and 1800 : bank' erected at an expense ofeASn7n4gA 1$ of 1889. b<0,000 Wilgus 1890. 00; opera house, which cost 800,000.00: Letters, postalcards, newspaper.?, etc., delivered 52.3.083 1,220,354 high school " " " " " building, 875,000.00 and several others collected, 294,802 512,024 lne Special delivery letters 783 915 cemetery, covering sixteen acres of the hill slope on the north side of the Cascadilla, with its natural Total number of pieces handled. . . . s 821,268 1,733,293 advantages m the Of variety its surface, its native Increase of 1890 over 1889 912,025 growth of trees and object- is an Receipts for 1889 $25,091 74 commanding views, ot admiration to visitors. Receipts for 1890 20,863 17 Besides this, there are several other beautiful resting places for the d*ad increase of 1890 over 1889. $1,771 43 located on the out-skirts of the citv. ITHACA, NEW YORK.

EDUCATIONAL ADVANTAG1 the city is the Board of Trade. This body is coin- posed of over loo business Ithaca has reason to be proud of her school system, citizens, leading men,

in fact, men en &' i'G( in all and in point of detail the public schools of this city manufacturers, lawyers, pursuits of in view the will bear favorable comparison with those of any other business life, having chiefly city of the same size in the country. The origin of the school system of this city may be said to date from the year 1674, when the Legislature passed an act authorizing the of a union school dis trict, with a complete graded school system. We append the foliowing table derived from official sources, Annual amount ot School Fund 35,000 00 Average daily attendance. 1,400 Increase of scholars over year before 35 Number of school buildings G Number of teachers. 37 Cost of school buildings 98,000 00 Cost of high school building (hew.). 75,000 00 Salaries of teachers. 21.000 00

Besides her public schools Ithaca is well provided with parochial and other and higher educational insti tutions, including the Cascadilla School and Cornell University. Sketches of the latter two appear on another page of this work.

SAVINGS BANK. New Building.

well-fare of the city and the prosperity and happiness of her people. All matters of public concern are of interest to this board, who at all times stand ready to furnish information to parties desiring to locate in Ithaca and every endeavor will be made to secure sat isfactory locations and extend the right hand of fel lowship to all who come within the city's gates. It was established in 1887 and its officers are Charles White, president ; Charles M. Titus, vice-president

H. B. FREER. See Ithaca Hotel.

FIRE DEPARTMENT. This department is conducted on the volunteer sys tem and is composed of 410 of the best citizens and business men of Ithaca, who take a just pride in theirs, which is one of the best conducted fire departments in the State. The plant and equipment consists of : Engine houses 8 Number of feet of hose 3,800 Number of engines 3 Number of hose reels 1 Hook and ladder Volunteers 44J D. B. STEY/ART. Salaried men 3 Number water plugs show in some Meteorological data from carefully compiled sources measure the extent of religious -fejimg, as indicated give the average mean temperature in the summer to 86 by the number of churches. Tnere are five Methodist; be not higher than and the lowest in winter about 4. The soil of the city is of gravel and limestone formation and eminently conducive to freedom from malarial exhalations so common in large communities. Cascades, cataracts and waterfalls most beautiful and romantic are found by the score within ten miles of Ithaca. There are three good hotels and innumerable boarding houses, which afford unequaled facilities for tourists. Copious rain-falls bring out on the sur rounding hillsides spring vegetation, thereby affording to residents the luxuries of early fruits and vegetation. Dark gorges and beautiful glens, each with some peculiar feature of interest in connection with its sur roundings, with many special characteristics, capti vate the visitor by their magnificence and grandeur. For beautiful and awe-inspiring scenery, nature has been most lavish with her gifts and nowhere east of the Rocky Mountains can their equal be found. Hills which from a distance charm the eye with scenes of quiet beauty,iverdant slope and sunny woodland which contain within their bosoms, in form of glen and rock and waterfall,, a wealth of wonders, surround Ithaca on the east, west and south. Elegant mansions, hand some residences, well-kept lawns, beautiful villas and cosy cottages,:with pretty little parks, add much to the of the east and south while on the BAPTIST CHURCH. beauty hills, summit of East Hill, at a height of 650 feet above the can be found the magnificent structures of Cor one Catholic ; one Presbyterian ; two Baptists ; one city nell University. The chief feature as a summer Congregational ; three Episcopal and two Unitarians, resort, is beautiful Lake which is a all of whom have beautiful edifices ; the Baptists hav however, Cayuga, superb sheet of water thirty-eight miles and from ing just about finished a beautiful structure at a cost long one to four miles dotted with islands and of 850,000.00. wide, pretty lined with virgin forests, in the dealings of which are IN BRIEF. found many beautiful "Cottages. The water abounds Ithaca has three express companies; the Adams, American and U.S. Ithaca has excellent telegraph and telephone facilities in the Western Union and N. Y.& Pa. long distance telephone companies. Ithaca has a $60,000.00 opera house,with a seating capacity of 1,600. Ithaca has two Masonic BlueLodges,with a membership of nearly 500,one Chapter; one Commandery; one Coun cil ; one lodge of Knights of Pythias, with nearly 170 members ; one Division of uniformed rank of K. P's. Odd Fellows, A. O. U. W. ; Red Men ; and other secret organizations are here well represented. Ithaca has more beautiful scenery than any other city in this state. Ithaca has three first-class hotels. Ithaca has a fine system of electric street railway, gas and elec tric light. The passenger traffic to and from Ithaca Lehigh annually is, -over the E., C. & N., 60,000; Valley, 65,000; and D., L. & W., 35,000. A large source of revenue to Ithaca is the University and about 81,600,000.00 yearly, finds its way into the hands of tho merchants, and business men in general.

ITHACA AS A CITY OF RESIDENCE AND SUM MER RESORT.

place spend the heated As a residence city or a to term Ithaca presents a multitude of claims, which, and when partially enumerated will prove both just climate of region MASONIC TEMPLE. convincing. In the first place the the salubrious and in which the city is situated is at once invigorating. Her location in a mountainous region with bass, perch and other gamey fish and are in such existence of pure numbers that all are successful in them. naturallv suggests the fresh, air, taking Large forests and coniferous and de steamers the lake at while con superinduced by dense ply intervals, elegantly of limestone in the moun ducted summer hotels are located on its ciduous trees, the presence banks. The ITHACA, NEW YOEK. 23 pleasures of boat rides on its peaceful bosom are de elegant ease, a refuge from the poisonous atmosphere lightful beyond description, while those who are lovers of the great cities during the heated term, the of flowers will find in the pond lilies and other prolific attractions and opportunities of a home of refining vegetations a never ending source of pleasure. Pali influences, both in natural beauty and social surround- sade-like cliffs, presenting peculiar and interesting jointed formations of the rocks are found on its shores. Lakes," The "Queen of a title it has acquired, is more beautiful than any other of the New York lakes and the admiring traveler, delighted by the beauty and awed by the sublimity of the landscape, realizes that he has discovered one of the most favored haunts of nature, which with the deep ravines, tiny cascades and towering cliffs of the shores, added to the fishing, rowing and sailing of the lake itself, furnish inex haustible means Of pleasure.

THE BEAUTY OF THE SUBURBAN DISTRICTS. As the tourist approaches Ithaca via. the E., C. & N.,a new vision of beauty.greets the eye at every turn.

:.

EDWIN M. HALL. See Sketch.

ings, no place, it may safely be said, can be found any where on this continent to surpass the city of Ithaca.

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J. M. JAMIESON. See Jauiieson & McKinney sketch.

Thesurrounding country is pleasant and attractive. The drives are delightful, good roads leading in every direction through scenery rendered attractive by the hand of thrift and beautiful under nature's plastic moulding. Rich farming lands, beautiful waterfalls and gorges, neat and attractive "homes, surround the city on every hand. What other city affords such admirable sites for permanent and summer homes as hill- do the surrounding tops and shores of Lake Cay uga? Nature has been extremely lavish in this respect, springs' and the mountains abound in perennial and are clad in groves of pine, oaks and maple, ready to Her contribute to the beauty of a rural home. social attractions are enough in themselves to attract and hold one seeking, an elevated plane of intelligence, while the of the country, the lake, beauty surrounding S. H. LANEY. the drives and other luxuries will, in time, make it See Ithaca Paper Mills. the summer home of many of the merchants and pro surfeited ITHACA fessional men of the cities, who are with the GORGE. ^nd excitement and whirl of-the large cities look for Within a radius of twelve miles from Ithaca, there this. one ward to some delicious retreat like For those are innumerable ravines, containing in all about who seek health and recreation, a life of sunshine and hundred and fifty cascades. The most accessible and