DOCSLIB.ORG

Potentially Harmful Trace Elements (Phtes) in the Groundwater of Greater Giyani, Limpopo Province, South Africa: Possible Health Implications

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Potentially Harmful Trace Elements (Phtes) in the Groundwater of Greater Giyani, Limpopo Province, South Africa: Possible Health Implications COPYRIGHT AND CITATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR THIS THESIS/ DISSERTATION o Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. o NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. o ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. How to cite this thesis Surname, Initial(s). (2012) Title of the thesis or dissertation. PhD. (Chemistry)/ M.Sc. (Physics)/ M.A. (Philosophy)/M.Com. (Finance) etc. [Unpublished]: University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from: https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za (Accessed: Date). Potentially Harmful Trace Elements (PHTEs) in the groundwater of Greater Giyani, Limpopo Province, South Africa: possible health implications By LIVHUWANI PORTIA MUNYANGANE A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master in Geology (MSc Geology) in Medical Geology Department of Geology Faculty of Science UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG Supervisor: Prof. Hassina Mouri Co-Supervisor: Prof. Jan Kramers 2015 ABSTRACT Most rural communities in developing countries rely on borehole water as their only source of water. Since borehole water comes from underground, it is often considered pure and clean, but this is frequently not the case. Groundwater contains certain amounts of trace elements that may become deleterious to human health. The objectives of this investigation were to assess the concentration levels of Potential Harmful Trace Elements (PHTEs) and their spatial distribution patterns in borehole water in the Greater Giyani area of Limpopo, South Africa, and the potential human health risks associated with this. The method of research comprised two phases: (I) In the first phase, I assessed the occurrence and distribution patterns of PHTEs in the boreholes of the Giyani area. A total of 29 water samples were collected from boreholes (including 15 community boreholes and 14 primary school boreholes) in the Greater Giyani area during the dry season (July/August 2012), and for comparison another 27 samples (including 15 community boreholes and 12 schools boreholes) from the same localities during the wet season (March 2013). The samples were analysed for the trace elements arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se) and lead (Pb) using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass-Spectrometry (ICPMS) technique. In order to assess the groundwater quality, PHTEs concentrations were compared with the South African National Standard of Drinking water (SANS 241-1:2011). (II) In the second phase, I evaluated the geographic variation between PHTEs and associated human health effects. This involved acquisition of data on a total of 100 cancer cases recorded during the period 2011-2014 at Nkhensani Hospital. ArcGIS Spatial analyst tool was used to create thematic maps illustrating spatial distribution of clinical data and arsenic concentrations in boreholes. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Se and Pb varied from 4.0 to 112.3, 0.2 to 0.9, 10.5 to 69.5, 0.4 to 18.8 and 6.0 to 19.0 µg/l respectively. Cadmium displayed a low concentration in all sampled boreholes, whereas lead was found to be present at limits of detection in 96.6 % of sampled boreholes. Concentrations of As, Cr, and Se, however, exceed the SANS i permissible limits for drinking water in more than one borehole. Nearly 13 % of boreholes in the area had an arsenic concentration of more than two times the SANS permissible limit for drinking water with two samples containing five times more arsenic than the SANS acceptable limit. Two significant “hotspots” of cancer incidence rates were identified in the north-central part of the study area however; none of the As- contaminated boreholes coincide with the hotspots with highest cancer incidence rates. ii I dedicate this work to Mpho, the apple of my eye. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am indebted to my supervisor Prof Hassina Mouri and co-supervisor Prof Jan Kramers for their support and guidance, without them this dissertation would not have been possible. I cannot find words to express my deepest gratitude to Prof Davies who walk with me during the initial stages of this research. Many thanks. I wish to thank my Manager Mr Nick Baglow for his continuous support. I owe my deepest gratitude to my lovely sister for her endless love, support and encouragement. You are my rock. Tebogo Maja, Mr Philemon Mashao and Ponani Mthembi I greatly appreciate your excellent assistance during field work; you were amazing to work with. Hilde Cronwright, thank you for your technical assistance in the lab and assisting in writing up the laboratory analysis section, many sincere thanks. I would also want to express my gratitude and deepest appreciation to all who helped me to complete this work but not mentioned here. I am thankful to the Council for Geoscience for the financial support. Above all I would like to thank God the almighty for granting me the endurance to successfully complete this work. iv Table of Contents page no ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. viii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1 1.1. Aims and objectives ................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Research methodology .............................................................................................. 3 1.2.1. Desktop study ..................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2. Field reconnaissance survey and findings ....................................................... 4 1.2.3. Borehole water sampling ................................................................................... 7 1.2.4. Laboratory analysis ........................................................................................... 9 1.2.5. Clinical health data acquisition ...................................................................... 12 1.2.6. Ethical consideration ....................................................................................... 13 1.2.7. Clinical data analysis ....................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................ 18 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 18 2.2. Trace elements ............................................................................................................. 18 2.2.1. Arsenic (As) .......................................................................................................... 18 2.2.1.1. Mechanism of control of arsenic concentrations and mobility in groundwater ................................................................................................................... 20 2.2.1.2. Arsenic health effects ........................................................................................ 22 2.2.2. Cadmium (Cd) ...................................................................................................... 23 2.2.2.1. Cadmium health effects .................................................................................... 25 2.2.3. Chromium (Cr) .................................................................................................... 25 2.2.3.1. Chromium health effects .................................................................................. 27 2.2.4. Lead (Pb)............................................................................................................... 27 2.2.4.1. Lead health effects ............................................................................................ 28 2.2.5. Selenium (Se) ........................................................................................................ 28 2.2.5.1. Selenium health effects ..................................................................................... 30 2.3. Previous studies on groundwater quality in Limpopo province ............................. 31 v 2.4. Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 33 CHAPTER 3: CASE STUDY: PHTES IN THE GREATER GIYANI AREA, POSSIBLE RELATION BETWEEN GEOLOGY AND HEALTH ................................. 34 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 34 3.1.1. Climate .................................................................................................................. 35 3.1.2. Population and water supply in the Greater Giyani area ................................ 35 3.2. The geology of the Greater Giyani area .................................................................... 37
Load more

Recommended publications
  • EPWP Advert Library Assistance
    MOPANI DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY STRIVES TO MAINTAIN ITS STRATEGIC POSITION AS THE FOOD BASKET OF SOUTHERN AFRICA AND THE DESTINATION OF CHOICE. APPLICATIONS WITHIN SPECIFIC AREAS OF MOPANI DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY Mopani District ARE INVITED FROM PERSONS WITH APPROPRIATE QUALIFICATIONS AND RELEVANT Municipality REQUIREMENTS FOR THE LIBRARY ASSISTANT POSITION: DIRECTORATE : PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT POST : LIBRARY ASSISTANT EPWP STIPEND : R120.00 per day subject to statutory funds (UIF and TAX) REQUIREMENTS : Grade 12 Certificate, certificate in Computer Literacy, applicants must be a residence close to a specific mentioned library and local municipality of Mopani District Municipality Area. Aged between 18 to 35 years old. Preference will be given to candidates residing close to the project or within the ward where the project is situated. RESPONSIBILITIES : Successful applicants are expected to provide customer Care, Housekeeping, assist library users with the use of computers, shelving and shelve reading of library materials, information search for users, assist in outreach programmes, make copies for library users, handle cash, and perform any other tasks that are delegated by the Supervisor. DIRECTORATE : PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT NAMES OF LIBRARIES MUNICIPALITIES ALLOCATION Lebeko Library (Mashishimale) BPM 07 POST : LIBRARY ASSISTANT Gravelotte Library Namakgale Library EPWP STIPEND : R120.00 per day subject to statutory funds (UIF and TAX) Rixile Library Phalaborwa Library REQUIREMENTS : Grade 12 Certificate, certificate in Computer Literacy, applicants must be Selwana library a residence close to a specific mentioned library and local municipality of Mopani District Municipality Area. Aged between 18 to 35 years old. Preference Prieska Library will be given to candidates residing close to the project or within the ward where the Mulati Library GTM 02 project is situated.
    [Show full text]
  • Greater Giyani Local Municipality Led Strategy
    GREATER GIYANI LOCAL MUNICIPALITY LED STRATEGY 2014-2016 A Municipality where environmental sustainability, tourism and agriculture thrive for economic growth. GREATER GIYANI LOCAL MUNICIPALITY LED STRATEGY Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 What is LED? ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose of the Strategy .......................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Main Objectives of the Strategy ............................................................................................. 1 2. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK .................................................................................................... 3 2.1 National Development Strategies ........................................................................................... 3 2.1.1 National Development Plan (2030) ................................................................................. 3 2.1.2 The New Growth Path (2010) ......................................................................................... 3 2.1.3 Industrial Policy Action Plan V (2012) ............................................................................. 3 2.1.4 Regional Industrial Development Strategy and Action Plan (2006) ................................ 3 2.1.5 National Spatial Development Plan ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Greater Giyani Municipality. Integrated Development Plan 2021/22 DRAFT
    “A Municipality where environmental sustainability, tourism and agriculture thrive for economic growth” Greater Giyani Municipality. Integrated Development Plan 2021/22 DRAFT Page | 1 Table of Contents. CONTENT PAGE NO. Mayor’s Foreword 6-7 Municipal Manager’s Foreword 8-9 Executive Summary 9-11 IDP Process plan 12-15 1. ANALYSIS PHASE 16 1.1. Introduction and Overview 16 1.1.1. Introduction 16 1.1.2. Overview 16 1.1.3 Total Population 17 1.1.4 Population per Gender and Age 18 1.1.5 Level of Education 19 1.1.6 Employment Profile 20 1.1.7 Household Income 20 1.2 Analysis of Key Performance Areas 21 1.2.1 KPA1: Spatial Rational 21 1.2.1.1 Purpose of Spatial Analysis and Overview 22 1.2.1.2 Settlements Patterns 22 1.2.1.3 Hierarchy of Settlements 23 1.2.1.4 Land Claims and their socio-economic implication 23 1.2.1.5 Land Reform 23 1.2.1.6 Illegal Land occupation and Informal Settlements 24 1.2.1.7 SDF and LUMS 24 1.2.1.7.1 Review of LUMS 25 1.2.1.8. Strategic Land for Development 26 1.2.1.8.1. Strategic Land for residential development 26 1.2.1.8.2. Private/Tribal Authority Land for Development 26 1.2.1.8.3. Government land Suitable for development 26 1.2.1.8.4 Ideal land for industrial development 27 1.2.1.8 The Environmental analysis 28 1.2.1.9 Challenges on Spatial Rational 31 1.2.2 KPA 2: Institutional Development and 32 Transformation 1.2.2.1 Political Structures 32 1.2.2.2 Portfolio Committees 32 1.2.2.3 MPAC and its Functionality 33 1.2.2.4 Administrative Structures 34-35 1.2.2.5 Mandate, Powers and Functions 36-38 1.2.2.6 Employment
    [Show full text]
  • Unravelling the Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia Sericea Root Bark Through a Metabolomic Approach
    molecules Article Unravelling the Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia sericea Root Bark through a Metabolomic Approach Chinedu P Anokwuru 1,2, Sidonie Tankeu 2, Sandy van Vuuren 3 , Alvaro Viljoen 2,4, Isaiah D. I Ramaite 1 , Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati 5 and Sandra Combrinck 2,* 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; [email protected] (C.P.A.); [email protected] (I.D.I.R.) 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (A.V.) 3 Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; [email protected] 4 SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa 5 Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Federico II Via D. Montesano 49, 1-80131 Napoli, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +27-84-402-7463 Academic Editor: Souvik Kusari Received: 20 July 2020; Accepted: 7 August 2020; Published: 13 August 2020 Abstract: Terminalia sericea Burch. ex. DC. (Combretaceae) is a popular remedy for the treatment of infectious diseases. It is widely prescribed by traditional healers and sold at informal markets and may be a good candidate for commercialisation. For this to be realised, a thorough phytochemical and bioactivity profile is required to identify constituents that may be associated with the antibacterial activity and hence the quality of raw materials and consumer products.
    [Show full text]
  • Phalaborwa Main Seat of Ba-Phalaborwa Magisterial District
    # # !C # # ### !C^# #!.C# # !C # # # # # # # # # ^!C# # # # # # # # ^ # ^ # !C # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # !C # !C # # # # # # ## # #!C # # # # # # #!C# # # # !C# ^ ## # # # # # # # ^ # # # # # #!C # # # #!C^ # # # # # # # # # # #!C # # # # # # # !C # # # # # # # # # # # !C ## # #!C # # !C# # # # # # #^ # # # # # # # # # # # #!C# # # # # ## # # # # # # # ##!C # ## # # # # ## # # # ## # # # ## # # # !C # # # # # # # # # !C## # #!C # # ## # # # # # ## # # !C# !C# # #^ # # # # # ### # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # #!C !C #!C# # # # # #^# # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # ## # # !C# ^ ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ### # ## # ## # # # !C # # #!C # # #!C # ## !C## ## # # # # !C# # # # # ## # # # # # # ## # # # # # ## # # ## ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #!C # ## ## # # # # # # # # # ## # # ^!C # # # # # # ^ # # # # ## # # ## ## # # # # # # #!C # # # # !C # # !C ## # !C## # #!C # # # # # # # # ## # ## # # !C# # # ## # # ## # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ### !C### # # # # !C !C# # # # # !C# # # # # # #!C ## !C# # !.# # # # # # # # # ## ## # #!C # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # ## ## ##^ ## # # # # ^ # !C ## # # ## # # # # # !C## # # ## # # # # # # ## # # # # # ### # # # #!C### !C# # !C# # # # # # !C ### # # # !C##!C# # # # ^ !C # ## # !C# ^ !C # # # #!C # ## ## ## # # ## # # # # # # ## !C# # # # # # #!C # ## # ## ## # # # # # !C # # ^ # ## ## ## # # # # !.!C### ### # # # # # # !C # # # !C # ##!C# # # # # # # ### # ### # ## ## # # # # #!C ## # ## ## # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # ## PPhhaallaabboorrwwaa
    [Show full text]
  • Agri-Hubs Identified by Limpopo
    ONE PAGER EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES – AGRI-HUBS as on 6 November 2015 Agri-Hubs Identified by the Province LIMPOPO PROVINCE 27 PRIORITY DISTRICTS PROVINCE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY PROPOSED AGRI-HUB Limpopo Vhembe Nwanedi Mopani Tzaneen Sekhukhune Groblersdal Capricorn Ga-Poopedi Waterberg Modimolle 1 Capricorn District Municipality Proposed Agri-Hub Location :Ga-Poopedi District Context Demographics The district is situated at the core of economic development in The district has 1 1261 463 people and the total number of households the Limpopo Province and includes the capital of the province, the is 342838 with an average household size of 3.7 (Census 2011). City of Polokwane. Total Area: 21 705km². Capricorn District 59.9% of the population is within the 15 to 64 year age group. Municipality falls under the Limpopo province, located on the northern Unemployment rate is at 37.2% with 49.9% of all households that are side of South Africa. It derives its name from the Tropic of Capricorn, female headed. According to Census 2011, half of the population along which it is situated. It is predominantly rural in nature. It of the CDM resides in the Polokwane Municipality, followed by consists of the following five local municipalities: Aganang, Blouberg, Lepelle-Nkumpi, Blouberg and Aganang with 18%, 13% and 10% Lepelle-Nkumpi, Molemole and Polokwane. Limpopo's capital, respectively, while Molemole Local Municipality accounts for 9% Polokwane (previously Pietersburg), lies in the heart of the Capricorn of the population of the district. Although the population of the region. The district has an internal airport, and is linked to Gauteng by district is growing, the rate of growth is declining.
    [Show full text]
  • Midterm Review of the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform
    M R O F E Midterm Review R of the Department of D N Rural Development & A L Land Reform & T N E M P O L E V E D L A R U R 2012 m r o f e R d n a L & t n e m p o l e v e D l a r u R Mid-term Reviewofthe Departmentof RuralDevelopment &LandReform 2012 Contents Contents Minister’s foreword .................................................................................... Comprehensive Background ..................................................................... Strategic overview ..................................................................................... Corporate Governance .............................................................................. PART I Land Reform .............................................................................................. • Background • Redistribution • Recapitalisation and Development Programme • Land Administration • Land Tenure • Land Rights Management Facility • Green Paper • Restitution Cadastral Survey ....................................................................................... • SPLUMB Deeds registration ..................................................................................... PART II Rural Development .................................................................................... • Background • Achievements and highlights per province • NARYSEC • Disaster mitigation Outcome 7 ................................................................................................. 4 DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT & LAND REFORM Rural Development & Land Reform
    [Show full text]
  • Demographic and Economic Development Potential
    DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR THE LUVUVHU AND LETABA WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL REFERENCE This report is to be referred to in bibliographies as: Department of Water Affairs, South Africa, 2007. DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILLIATION STRATEGY FOR THE LUVUVHU AND LETABA WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM: DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL Prepared by: WRP Consulting Engineers DMM Development Consultants, Golder Associates Africa, Worley Parsons, Kayamandi Development Services, Hydrosol and Zitholele Consulting. Report No. P WMA 02/B810/00/1412/17 Demographic and Development of a Reconciliation Strategy for the Economic Development Luvuvhu & Letaba Water Supply System Potential DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR THE LUVUVHU AND LETABA WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Demographic and Economic Development Potential EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Department of Water Affairs (DWA) has identified the need for the Reconciliation Study for the Luvuvhu-Letaba WMA. The WMA is almost fully developed and demands from the Letaba River currently exceed the yield capability of the system. Regulation for the Letaba WMA is mainly provided by Middle Letaba, Ebenezer and Tzaneen Dams. In the Luvuvhu WMA the recently completed Nandoni Dam will be used in combination with Albasini, Vondo and Damani dams to be managed as one system. It is expected that the total yield from this combined system will be fully utilized by around 2020, considering only the current planned projected demands. The yield of the Albasini Dam has reduced over the years and as a consequence the dam is over allocated. The Shingwedzi catchment is situated almost entirely in the Kruger National Park and for all practical purposes no sustainable yield is derived from surface flow in the Shingwedzi catchment.
    [Show full text]
  • Profile: Mopani District Municipality
    2 PROFILE: MOPANI DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY PROFILE: MOPANI DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY 3 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 1. INTRODUCTION: BRIEF OVERVIEW .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1. Location ................................................................................................................................. 8 1.2. Historical Perspective .......................................................................................................... 8 1.3. Spatial Status ........................................................................................................................ 9 2. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROFILE ........................................................................ 9 2.1. Key Social Demographics ................................................................................................... 9 2.1.1. Population .............................................................................................................................. 9 2.1.2. Race, Gender & Age .......................................................................................................... 10 2.1.3. Households .......................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.4. Child Headed Households ................................................................................................. 11 2.1.5. Women headed Households ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation of the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme in Muyexe, Limpopo
    IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMPREHENSIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN MUYEXE, LIMPOPO By Leabua Jan Sebiloane A research report submitted to the Faculty of Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in 25% fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management (in the field of Public and Development Management) June, 2015. ABSTRACT The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP) was introduced as the strategy for rural development by the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform (DRDLR) in 2009. It was then piloted in two sites namely Riemvasmaak, Northern Cape and Muyexe, Limpopo in 2011. Muyexe was identified as one of the poorest rural areas in South Africa; this provided the motivation for the study to focus on this area. This research study examines the manner in which the CRDP was implemented in the Muyexe area. There is at present no information available on the lessons learned, successes or failures of this strategy. However, there was an evaluation study conducted by DRDLR in collaboration with the Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation on the CRDP but the results are not yet published. The overall view is that the desired outcomes were not achieved. The main objective of this research was therefore to investigate factors leading to the poor implementation of this strategy for rural development and to make findings on the approach that was followed during implementation. The research uses qualitative methodology with the Muyexe CRDP as a case study to collect in-depth information from respondents. A purposive sampling method was utilized since it allows beneficiaries and other stakeholders affected by this programme to be interviewed.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Report
    Cultural heritage impact assessment for THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROPOSED SHANGONI GATE AND ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE KRUGER NATIONAL PARK, LIMPOPO PROVINCE Cultural Heritage Assessment Shangoni Road and Campsites CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSESSMENT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROPOSED SHANGONI GATE AND ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE KRUGER NATIONAL PARK, LIMPOPO PROVINCE Report No: 2016/JvS/035 Status: Final Revision No: 0 Date: May 2016 Prepared for: Envirolution Consulting Representative: Mr T Sekele Postal Address: P O Box 1898, Sunninghill, 2157 Tel: 0861 444 499 E-mail: [email protected] Prepared by: J van Schalkwyk (D Litt et Phil), Heritage Consultant ASAPA Registration No.: 164 Principal Investigator: Iron Age, Colonial Period, Industrial Heritage Postal Address: 62 Coetzer Avenue, Monument Park, 0181 Mobile: 076 790 6777 Fax: 086 611 3902 E-mail: [email protected] Copy Right: This report is confidential and intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is addressed or to whom it was meant to be addressed. It is provided solely for the purposes set out in it and may not, in whole or in part, be used for any other purpose or by a third party, without the author’s prior written consent. Declaration: I, J.A. van Schalkwyk, declare that I do not have any financial or personal interest in the proposed development, nor its developers or any of their subsidiaries, apart from the provision of heritage assessment and management services, for which a fair numeration is charged. J A van Schalkwyk (D Litt et Phil) Heritage Consultant May 2016 i Cultural Heritage Assessment Shangoni Road and Campsites EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSESSMENT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROPOSED SHANGONI GATE AND ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE KRUGER NATIONAL PARK, LIMPOPO PROVINCE The proposed opening of the Shangoni Gate as a new gate into Kruger National Park (KNP) forms part of vision of the Park to create benefits to neighbouring communities.
    [Show full text]
  • 1-2104 3-8 Limpb Layout 1
    LIMPOPO PROVINCE LIMPOPO PROVINSIE XIFUNDZANKULU XA LIMPOPO REPUBLIC REPUBLIIEK PROFENSE YA LIMPOPO OF VAN VUNDU LA LIMPOPO : SOUTH AFRICAˆ SUID-AFRIKA IPHROVINSI YELIMPOPO Provincial Gazette • Provinsiale Koerant • Gazete ya Xifundzankulu Kuranta ya Profense • Gazethe ya Vundu (Registered as a newspaper) • (As ’n nuusblad geregistreer) (Yi rhijistariwile tanihi Nyuziphepha) (E ngwadisitsˇwe bjalo ka Kuranta) (Yo redzhistariwa sa Nyusiphepha) ˆ POLOKWANE, Vol. 19 3 AUGUST 2012 No. 2104 Extraordinary 3 AUGUSTUS 2012 3 MHAWURI 2012 Buitengewoon Ku katsa na Tigazete to 3 AGOSTOSE 2012 Hu tshi katelwa na Hlawuleka hinkwato 3 THANGULE 2012 Gazethe dza Nyingo We all haw),e power to prevent ilIDS AIDS HEIPLINE 0800 012 322 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Prevention is the cure N.B. The Government Printing Works will not be held responsible for the quality of “Hard Copies” or “Electronic Files” submitted for publication purposes J12-211791—A 2104—1 2 No. 2104 PROVINCIAL GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, 3 AUGUST 2012 IMPORTANT NOTICE The Government Printing Works will not be held responsible for faxed documents not received due to errors on the fax machine or faxes received which are unclear or incomplete. Please be advised that an “OK” slip, received from a fax machine, will not be accepted as proof that documents were received by the GPW for printing. If documents are faxed to the GPW it will be the sender’s respon- sibility to phone and confirm that the documents were received in good order. Furthermore the Government Printing Works will also not be held responsible for cancellations and amendments which have not been done on original documents received from clients.
    [Show full text]