DOCSLIB.ORG

Cash Transfer Programming in the Pacific

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cash Transfer Programming in the Pacific CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMMING IN THE PACIFIC A FEASIBILITY SCOPING STUDY Photo: RalphPhoto: Ofuyo CHRISTINA HOBBS AND ROSIE JACKSON The Cash Learning Partnership CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMMING IN THE PACIFIC CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMMING IN THE PACIFIC A FEASIBILITY SCOPING STUDY September 2016 Christina Hobbs and Rosie Jackson CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMMING IN THE PACIFIC CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6 ABOUT THE REPORT 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 About the Pacific 8 Key Conclusions 8 Key Recommendations 10 SECTION 1: BACKGROUND 11 1.1 What is Cash Transfer Programming? 12 1.2 Methodology 13 SECTION 2: INTRODUCTION TO THE PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES 15 2.1 Comparative Analysis 15 2.2 Regional Disaster Profile 17 2.3 Regional Development 17 2.4 Regional Vulnerability and Hardship 19 2.5 Regional Conclusions 21 SECTION 3: REGIONAL CTP FEASIBILITY 22 3.1 Regional CTP Capacity and Experience 22 Informal cash-based social safety nets and the use of remittances 23 Formal cash-based social protection mechanisms 25 3.2 CTP in Disaster Risk Management and Response 28 Incorporation of CTP in humanitarian and Disaster Risk Reduction planning and coordination 30 3.3 CTP Feasibility: Conclusion 30 SECTION 4: MARKETS 32 4.1 International Markets 32 4.2 Domestic Markets 35 Production 35 Logistics and transport 35 Prices 35 4.3 Market Capacity in Emergencies 37 Potential to utilise markets in crises 37 4.4 Markets: Conclusion 38 3 CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMMING IN THE PACIFIC SECTION 5: FINANCIAL SERVICES 40 5.1 Financial Systems and Financial Inclusion 40 5.2 Formal Financial Institutions 41 Mobile money 43 5.3 Gender Differences in Access to Financial Services in the Pacific 51 5.4 Financial Services: Conclusion 53 SECTION 6: ACCEPTANCE AND APPROPRIATENESS 54 6.1 Cultural Dimensions 54 6.2 Labour Force Issues and Dependency 55 6.3 Gender 56 6.4 Acceptance: Conclusion 58 SECTION 7: KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 59 Appendix 1: Social Protection Index (SPI) by income group, 2009 64 ANNEX 1: COUNTRY SNAPSHOT: TONGA 65 Appendix 2: Monthly prices of key food items used in the Tongan national Consumer Price Index 87 ANNEX 2: COUNTRY SNAPSHOT: FIJI 90 ANNEX 3: INTERVIEW LIST 110 ANNEX 4: DATA COLLECTION MATRIX 112 BIBLIOGRAPHY 117 FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1: Average annual loss in million USD 19 Figure 2: Total hardship rates in selected PICs, as percentage of populations 20 Figure 3: Remittances as a share of GDP in select PICs, 2014 24 Figure 4: Social Protection Index (SPI) by region, 2009 25 Figure 5: Solomon Islands in comparison with median small economies in other regions 33 Figure 6: Size and distance from markets of PICs vs. other countries 33 Figure 7: Proportion of own production in food consumption in Tonga, 2011 36 Figure 8: No. of ATMs per 100,000 people and 1,000km2 42 Figure 9: No. of commercial bank branches per 100,000 people and 1,000km2 42 Figure 10: No. of accounts with commercial banks per 1,000 adults 43 Figure 11: Regional comparison of unique mobile subscribers between 2014 and 2020 44 Figure 12: Percentage of population that are unique mobile subscribers 45 Figure 13: Tonga country map 67 Figure 14: Tonga natural hazard risks: degree of exposure/area of country affected 69 Figure 15: Tonga fresh produce domestic market map, 2010 75 Figure 16: Agricultural and non-agricultural households by type 77 4 C CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMMING IN THE PACIFIC Figure 17: ATMs in Tonga compared to other PICs 78 Figure 18: Bank branch penetration in Tonga compared to other PICs 79 Figure 19: Accounts held in Tonga compared to other PICs 80 Figure 20: Number and percentage of unique subscribers to mobile plans in Tonga compared to other PICs 81 Figure 21: Map of Fiji 91 Figure 22: Map of Fiji – Tropical Cyclone Winston, 21 February 2016 95 Figure 23: Fiji Consumer Price Index (All items index), January 2015 to April 2016 100 Figure 24: Types of financial service providers in Fiji, Samoa and Solomon Islands 104 Table 1: Population, land mass and population density in PICs 16 Table 2: Table of World Risk Index 21 Table 3: Example of major non-contributory cash-based social protection schemes in PICs ,,,,,,,, 27 Table 4: Annual income vs. exports in US$ 34 Table 5: Average monthly expenditure on different items across Tongan islands (TOP$) 74 Table 6: Tonga key import and export trading partners 73 Table 7: Labour force participation and wage rates 89 Table 8: Income sources per respondent in recent Household Income and Expenditure Surveys in Fiji (%) 93 5 C CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMMING IN THE PACIFIC ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Cash Transfer Programming in the Pacific: A Feasibility Scoping Study was written by Christina Hobbs and Rosie Jackson on behalf of the Cash Learning Partnership (CaLP) and the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT). The broader study team of Ralph Ofuyo from the United Nations World Food Programme, Joanna Pickles from the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and Rebecca Vo from the Cash Learning Partnership provided valuable guidance, field research support and review of the final report. A number of government officials and humanitarian practitioners shared their knowledge and experience from differing Pacific Island Countries (PICs). The authors would like to thank everyone who took the time to complete the online survey, to participate in remote interviews and to meet with the team in Fiji and Tonga. The study team would particularly like to thank the support provided by Soane Patolo the General Manager of Mainstreaming of Rural Development Innovation (MORDI) Tonga Trust and his team for supporting the logistics of the Tonga field mission and providing guidance and support in Tonga. The study team would like to thank Luke Koroisave from the Ministry of Strategic Planning, National Development and Statistics for his support in arranging key meetings in Fiji. The authors would like to thank Nichola Peach from the United Nations World Food Programme and Ruth McCormack from the Cash Learning Partnership for their guidance and review of the final report. Many others also contributed to reviewing and editing the final report including Jesse Doyle from the World Bank and Richard Bontjer, Jodie Buchanan, Joanne Choe, Bernie Pearce, Luke Simmons and Sophie Temby from DFAT. Special thanks to Kanvara Suchitta and Vincent Trousseau from the Cash Learning Partnership for editorial support. The design of this document received funding from Global Affairs Canada. Many thanks to Ralph Ofuyo and Rebecca Vo for providing photos from the field missions to Fiji and Tonga. ABOUT THE REPORT This report covers a particularly broad topic and aims to pull out the most critical themes fundamental to the analysis of Cash Transfer Programming (CTP) feasibility and appropriateness in the South Pacific islands. Due to the regional focus, the report does not provide sufficient data to allow for decision making at a country level, or for specific technical programme design. Though more than 100 people were consulted, time limited the depth and detail in which the topic could be explored. It should therefore be considered as an introduction to the necessary dialogue on CTP and be read by practitioners, implementers, policy writers and decision makers to aid further consideration. Each topic is introduced by explaining its relationship with CTP decision making and analysis, followed by underscoring key thematic points that were identified during the study and, finally, concluding with a summary of outcomes. The report considers the ‘feasibility’ and ‘appropriateness’ of CTP. For the purpose of this report, the two terms are defined as follows: Feasibility refers to the extent to which it is possible to implement efficient and effective CTP without causing harm. Appropriateness refers to the extent to which CTP is the optimum means by which needs can be met. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of CaLP or DFAT. 6 C CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMMING IN THE PACIFIC EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The use of Cash Transfer Programming (CTP) to provide humanitarian assistance so that people may access the goods and services they need before, during and following a crisis has been gaining momentum over the past decade. Despite the considerable use of cash and vouchers by government and non-state actors in major emergencies in Asia, the use of CTP in humanitarian response in the South Pacific islands has been relatively small-scale, and limited to only a few countries. As one of the most disaster-prone regions in the world, Pacific Island Countries (PICs) are under growing pressure to ensure that when disasters strike, humanitarian response is efficient, effective and helps build resilience. Four PICs (#1 Vanuatu; #2 Tonga; #5 Solomon Islands; and #9 Papua New Guinea) are amongst the top 10 countries that are most at risk worldwide.1 Earthquakes, floods, storms and droughts cause both human and capital losses throughout the region every year. The World Bank estimates that in an average year, natural disasters cost countries in the South Pacific US$284m.2 Furthermore, the dependence of many PICs on external markets for commodities and services makes the region highly vulnerable to supply volatility and price inflation. This Scoping Study sought to consider the feasibility of scaling up the use of cash transfers in emergencies in the Pacific. By assessing barriers to the uptake of CTP, both attitudinal obstacles as well as operational challenges, the study aimed to support practitioners and decision makers in identifying next steps for CTP. The study explored previous and ongoing cash transfer activities, both short- and longer-term programmes, to identify lessons and good practice. The study examined four critical questions: 1. Is there an enabling environment for cash transfers during emergency response in the Pacific islands? 2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • WOMEN and BUSINESS in the PACIFIC Anyone Seeking to Support Pacifi C Women and Contribute to Entrepreneurship, Business Development, and Private Sector Growth
    Women and Business in the Pacifi c This book provides a current and comprehensive analysis of the context in which Pacifi c women engage in the private sector, as well as a detailed list of strategies to increase their participation in business. Drawing on research and data from seven Pacifi c countries, it o ers a diversity of innovative and pragmatic ways to empower women and enhance their economic opportunities. Jointly undertaken by the Asian Development Bank’s Pacifi c Private Sector Development Initiative and the Government of Australia, this study is valuable for WOMEN AND BUSINESS IN THE PACIFIC WOMEN anyone seeking to support Pacifi c women and contribute to entrepreneurship, business development, and private sector growth. About the Asian Development Bank ADB is committed to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacifi c, while sustaining its e orts to eradicate extreme poverty. Established in , it is owned by members— from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance. WOMEN AND About the Pacifi c Private Sector Development Initiative PSDI is a technical assistance program undertaken in partnership with the Government BUSINESS of Australia, the Government of New Zealand, and the Asian Development Bank. PSDI supports ADB’s Pacifi c developing member countries to improve the enabling environment for business and to support inclusive, private sector-led economic growth. The support of the Australian and New Zealand governments and ADB IN THE PACIFIC has enabled PSDI to operate in the region for years and assist with more than reforms.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in Fisheries E, Agriculture
    Women in fisheries #27 - Dec. 2016 information bulletin ISSN 1028-7752 Editor’s note Welcome to the 27th issue of the Women in Fisheries Bulletin, which highlights gender roles in coastal fisheries, women’s fishing activities in urban and rural communities, and gender issues in development. In this issue, the first article relates to the Fijian supply chain and marketing of the seagrapes, Caulerpa racemosa. The authors, Cherie Morris and Shirleen Bala, describe the harvesting and marketing sites for Caulerpa. Approxi- Inside this issue mately 70% of the crop is from the Yasawa Islands in the Western Division. It is sold in a number of urban markets, with the main municipal market located in Suva. Caulerpa is sold by portion (heaps), at prices ranging from Supply chain and marketing of seagrapes, FJD 2.00–4.00 (≈ USD 1.00–2.00) per heap, the weight of which ranges Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskaål) J. Agardh from 250–300 grams. (Chlorophyta: Caulerpaceae) in Fiji The peak marketing days Cherie Morris and Shirleen Bala p. 3 of Caulerpa in Fiji are Fri- Changing patterns in household days and Saturdays. Fresh, membership, changing economic harvested stock arrives in activities and roles of men and the main markets (Suva women in Matokana Village, Onoilau, Fiji and Lautoka) by Thursday afternoon. Some harvesters Veikila Vuki p. 9 do their own retailing but most stock is sold directly Gender issues in culture, agriculture to wholesalers and market and fisheries in Fiji vendors in Lautoka, Nadi, Veikila C. Vuki and Aliti Vunisea p. 15 Sigatoka and Suva. Most harvesters located on Vanua The participation of women in Levu, Fiji’s second largest fishing activities in Fiji island, retail their own stock Aliti Vunisea p.
    [Show full text]
  • Gendered Impacts of COVID-19 on Women in Fiji
    Gendered Impacts of COVID-19 on Women in Fiji Paper by the COVID-19 Response Gender Working Group. The working group comprises of: Aleta Moriarty, Mairi MacRae, Nalini Singh, Noelene Nabulivou, and Preeya Leli and representatives from the Department for Women of the Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation (MWCPA). April 2020 1 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3 PRINCIPLES 5 VULNERABLE & AT RISK POPULATIONS 6 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS & INTERVENTIONS 6 RAPID GENDER ANALYSIS: KEY FINDINGS 8 1. AGRICULTURE 8 SPECIFIC INTERVENTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 10 2. TOURISM & TRANSPORT 10 COVID -19:POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON TOURISM & RELEVANT SECTORS 11 COVID -19: GENDERED IMPACTS ON TOURISM & RELEVANT SECTORS 11 SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS&INTERVENTIONS 12 3. HEALTH 12 COVID -19: GENDERED IMPACT ON HEALTH 13 SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS & INTERVENTIONS 13 4. VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS (VAWG) 15 COVID -19: POTENTIAL IMPACTS on WOMEN & GIRLS 15 INTERVENTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 16 2 INTRODUCTION On 11 MarCh 2020, the World Health Organisation Classified COVID-19 as a pandemiC.1 PandemiCs affeCt men and women, boys and girls differently, as they often magnify all existing inequalities. A COVID-19 outbreak in Fiji will disproportionately affeCt women and girls with women at inCreased risk of infeCtion, intimate partner violenCe, job losses and vulnerable work. This is coupled with, limited soCial proteCtions and less ACCess to formal safety nets, less ACCess to finanCe, inCreased burden of unpaid Care work, loss of livelihoods, and having less ACCess to sexual and reproduCtive health serviCes. This guidanCe note intends to Contribute to an effeCtive, gender responsive and Coordinated COVID-19 national response and reCovery pACkages.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Itaukei Worldview Prepared by Dr
    Indigenous iTaukei Worldview Prepared by Dr. Tarisi Vunidilo Illustration by Cecelia Faumuina Author Dr Tarisi Vunidilo Tarisi is an Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo, where she teaches courses on Indigenous museology and heritage management. Her current area of research is museology, repatriation and Indigenous knowledge and language revitalization. Tarisi Vunidilo is originally from Fiji. Her father, Navitalai Sorovi and mother, Mereseini Sorovi are both from the island of Kadavu, Southern Fiji. Tarisi was born and educated in Suva. Front image caption & credit Name: Drua Description: This is a model of a Fijian drua, a double hulled sailing canoe. The Fijian drua was the largest and finest ocean-going vessel which could range up to 100 feet in length. They were made by highly skilled hereditary canoe builders and other specialist’s makers for the woven sail, coconut fibre sennit rope and paddles. Credit: Commissioned and made by Alex Kennedy 2002, collection of Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, FE011790. Link: https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/648912 Page | 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 4 SECTION 2: PREHISTORY OF FIJI .............................................................................................................. 5 SECTION 3: ITAUKEI SOCIAL STRUCTURE ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Role and Engagement of Women in Fisheries in Fiji
    THE ROLE AND ENGAGEMENT OF WOMEN IN FISHERIES IN FIJI Women selling at the Suva and Nausori Markets. Photographs ©A.Vunisea Report by Aliti Vunisea for the The Women in Fisheries Network - Fiji November 2014 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Item Pg no. LIST OF TABLES & PLATES 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 1.Introduction 8 1.1 Progress of Women Inclusion in Fiji 9 1.2 Cultural Roles of Women 9 1.3 Women in the Formal and Informal Sector 9 1.4 Customary Ownership and Access to Qoliqoli 10 1.5 Department of Women 11 2.Scope of Work 12 2.1 The Report 12 3.Methodology 13 4.Involvement of Women in the Fisheries Sector 13 4.1.Legal Mechanism 14 4.2.The Fiji Department of Fisheries 14 4.3.Offshore Fishery 15 4.3.1 Key Issues 17 4.3.2 Recommendations 17 4.4 The Inshore Fisheries 18 4.4.1 Subsistence/Semi-Subsistence Fishing 19 4.4.2 Some specific Fisheries 20 4.4.3 Domestic Sales and Marketing 23 4.4.4 Market Survey 4.4.5 Post-harvest Activities and Value Adding 24 4.4.6 Export Commodities 25 4.4.6.1 Beche-de-mer 29 4.4.6.2.Live Rock and Other Aquarium Products 30 4.4.6.3 Trochus 31 4.4.7 Freshwater Fisheries 31 4.4.7.1 The Kai Fishery 31 4.4.8 Future of the Inshore Fishery 32 4.4.9 Key Issues 33 4.4.9.1 Recommendations 33 4.5 Aquaculture Sector 34 4.5.1 Seaweed Farming 34 4.5.2 Shrimp 35 35 2 4.5.3 Tilapia 36 4.5.4 Pearl Farming 36 4.5.5.0 Key Issues 37 37 4.5.5.1 Recommendations 37 5.
    [Show full text]
  • 4348 Fiji Planning Map 1008
    177° 00’ 178° 00’ 178° 30’ 179° 00’ 179° 30’ 180° 00’ Cikobia 179° 00’ 178° 30’ Eastern Division Natovutovu 0 10 20 30 Km 16° 00’ Ahau Vetauua 16° 00’ Rotuma 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 km 16°00’ 12° 30’ 180°00’ Qele Levu Nambouono FIJI 0 25 50 75 100 mi 180°30’ 20 Km Tavewa Drua Drua 0 10 National capital 177°00’ Kia Vitina Nukubasaga Mali Wainingandru Towns and villages Sasa Coral reefs Nasea l Cobia e n Pacific Ocean n Airports and airfields Navidamu Labasa Nailou Rabi a ve y h 16° 30’ o a C Natua r B Yanuc Division boundaries d Yaqaga u a ld Nabiti ka o Macuata Ca ew Kioa g at g Provincial boundaries Votua N in Yakewa Kalou Naravuca Vunindongoloa Loa R p Naselesele Roads u o Nasau Wailevu Drekeniwai Laucala r Yasawairara Datum: WGS 84; Projection: Alber equal area G Bua Bua Savusavu Laucala Denimanu conic: standard meridan, 179°15’ east; standard a Teci Nakawakawa Wailagi Lala w Tamusua parallels, 16°45’ and 18°30’ south. a Yandua Nadivakarua s Ngathaavulu a Nacula Dama Data: VMap0 and Fiji Islands, FMS 16, Lands & Y Wainunu Vanua Levu Korovou CakaudroveTaveuni Survey Dept., Fiji 3rd Edition, 1998. Bay 17° 00’ Nabouwalu 17° 00’ Matayalevu Solevu Northern Division Navakawau Naitaba Ngunu Viwa Nanuku Passage Bligh Water Malima Nanuya Kese Lau Group Balavu Western Division V Nathamaki Kanacea Mualevu a Koro Yacata Wayalevu tu Vanua Balavu Cikobia-i-lau Waya Malake - Nasau N I- r O Tongan Passage Waya Lailai Vita Levu Rakiraki a Kade R Susui T Muna Vaileka C H Kuata Tavua h E Navadra a Makogai Vatu Vara R Sorokoba Ra n Lomaiviti Mago
    [Show full text]
  • Elke Mitchell Doctoral Thesis 2017
    Risk, resilience and youth sexuality: Negotiations of sexual risk among iTaukei women university students in Suva, Fiji Elke Celeste Mitchell Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy February 2017 Nossal Institute for Global Health School of Population and Global Health The University of Melbourne Abstract This thesis explores youth sexuality, sexual risk and sexual resilience among young indigenous Fijians (iTaukei), with a particular focus on young iTaukei women. Specifically, it focuses on iTaukei women attending university in Suva and the sexual and social risks they negotiate in their daily lives. Over the last twenty years Fiji has experienced significant political, economic and social change, including women’s increasing participation in education, changing courtship and marriage norms and declining fertility rates. Simultaneously, an escalation in sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates and recorded rates of sexual violence has occurred. Young iTaukei women are considered to be particularly vulnerable to sexual risks, including unplanned pregnancy, sexual violence and STIs, and increasing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection rates have been documented among this group. A hierarchy of sexual risks is scrutinised to develop a culturally grounded and gender sensitive understanding of sexual risk that is relevant to the lives of iTaukei women university students. Sexual resilience factors are also examined to identify influences that may promote more equal sexual relationships and positive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes among young people in Fiji. In order to construct a comprehensive understanding of sexual risk and sexual resilience, this thesis explores youth cultures and social experiences, sexual geographies, and young iTaukei women’s negotiations of casual sexual encounters and romantic relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in the Islands an Annotated Bibliography Of
    ) WOMEN IN THE ISLANDS AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PACIFIC WOMEN'S ISSUES 1982-89 Anne catherine Wcx:xis Plan B Paper 8ubmitted to Dr. Karen Peacock, Dr. Terence Wesley-Smith, and Dr. Robert Kiste July 1990 TABLE OF CONTENTS User's Guide Introduction : Materials Included Subject Headings Annotations Abbreviations Symbols Associations & Organizations Regional Fiji Kiribati New Caledonia Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Tonga Western Samoa Bibliographies & Directories Regional Papua New Guinea Biographies Regional American Samoa Fiji Guam New Caledonia 7 Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Tonga Western Samoa corrnnunication & Networking Regional Fiji Guam Northern Mariana Islands Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Western Samoa Economic Planning & Development Regional Cook Islands Fiji French Polynesia Guam Kiribati Marshall Islands Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Tonga 'I\.rvalu Vanuatu Wallis and Futuna Western Samoa Education & Training Regional American Samoa Federated states of Micronesia ... Fiji Papua New Guinea Tonga Western Samoa Feminism & Feminist Scholarship Regional Fiji Guam Papua New Guinea Future Research Regional Fiji Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Gender: Roles & status Regional Federated States of Micronesia Fiji French Polynesia Kiribati Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Tonga Vanuatu Western Samoa Health & Nutrition Regional American Samoa Federated states of Micronesia Fiji ' Marshall Islands Niue Papua New Guinea Tonga Vanuatu Western Samoa History Regional Fiji French Polynesia New caledonia Papua New Guinea Tonga Vanuatu Law & Politics Regional 1-:c, . Cook Islands Fiji Guam New caledonia Papua New Guinea Tonga Vanuatu Western Samoa Literature & the Arts Regional French Polynesia Kiribati Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Western Samoa Religion Regional Papua New Guinea Western Samoa Author Index Acknowledgements USER'S GUIDE INTRODUCTION This bibliography lists printed material concerning women in the Pacific Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • PFTAC 2018 Steering Committee (SC) Minutes
    PFTAC 2018 Steering Committee (SC) Minutes Tuesday, 28 March 2018 Agenda 1: Welcome Remarks were presented by: Hon. Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum, Attorney- General and Minister for Economy of Fiji Hon. Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum, Attorney-General and Minister for Economy of Fiji, welcomed all the participants to Fiji and to the PFTAC Steering Committee meeting. This year marks the 25th anniversary of PFTAC’s establishment and presence in the Pacific. First and foremost, the Hon. Minister noted the recent destructive cyclones experienced in Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga. The PFTAC Steering Committee meeting was to be held in Tonga but unfortunately had to be moved because of the impact of Cyclone Gita. This highlights to policy makers and officials the need to factor into our policies and decision making the effects of climate change given the impact it has on our economies and the risk of overturning years of development within a few hours, an unfortunate reality we need to take into consideration. We need robust systems to respond to ongoing climatic events that can undermine our economies, requiring careful thinking about our policies. Fiji has been happy and honored to host PFTAC for the last 25 years. PFTAC’s presence in the region has allowed many of us to benefit from the technical assistance provided. Given our countries’ economies of scale, we do not necessarily have the home-grown technical expertise to deal with the daily challenges of running a modern nation state in the 21st century. The Hon. Minister highlighted the wonderful opportunity to get together as countries to work with development partners, including the ADB, Australia, the European Union, the International Monetary Fund, New Zealand, and agencies like PFTAC to meet our countries’ different challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Gpf) Report Building the Pillars of Sustainable Inclusion Contents
    BRINGING SMART POLICIES TO LIFE 2016 GLOBAL POLICY FORUM (GPF) REPORT BUILDING THE PILLARS OF SUSTAINABLE INCLUSION CONTENTS Foreword 3 GPF in Pictures 5 Annual General Meeting 6 Reglab: A Special Session on Innovative Financial and Regulatory Technology 7 Regional Meetings 8 GPF Opening Ceremony 9 The Pillars of Sustainable Financial Inclusion 10 AFI Marketplace 12 Amazing Academia: The Value of Research for Financial Inclusion 13 Stealth Ops: The $80 Trillion Business of Shadow Banking 14 Changing Behaviors? Linkages between Behavioral Economics and Financial Inclusion 15 Beyond Mobile Money: New Services for Effective Financial Inclusion 17 3.52 Billion Women: Reaching the Unbanked 18 Finding a Balance: Regulatory Approaches to Big Data 19 The Role of Telecom Regulators in Supporting Digital Platforms for Financial Inclusion 20 The Long Road Traveled: Inclusive Finance for Refugees 22 Public Launch of the AFI Data Portal 23 The More You Know! Financial Inclusion Quiz 24 Fiji’s Financial Inclusion Journey 26 A Snapshot of Fiji’s Financial Inclusion Achievements 28 The Pacifc Island Regional Initiative (PIRI) Journey 30 The Pyramid of Prosperity: Achieving an Inclusive World 33 Re-Risking the De-Risked 35 Tech takes MSMEs: Regulatory Approaches to Innovative MSME Financing 37 Sowing the Seeds: Opportunity to Advance Leadership on Green Finance 39 No One Left Behind: Making the Case for Inclusive Insurance 41 Closing the Gender Gap 42 Outcomes of the 2017 GPF 44 Denarau Action Plan on Gender and Women’s Financial Inclusion 45 Announcement of Maya Commitments 47 GPF by the Numbers 48 Closing Ceremony 50 © 2017 (February), Alliance for Financial Inclusion.
    [Show full text]
  • Vanua Levu Vita Levu Suva
    177° 00’ 178° 00’ 178° 30’ 179° 00’ 179° 30’ 180° 00’ Cikobia 179° 00’ 178° 30’ Eastern Division Natovutovu 0 10 20 30 Km 16° 00’ Ahau Vetauua 16° 00’ Rotuma 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 km 16°00’ 12° 30’ 180°00’ Qele Levu Nambouono FIJI 0 25 50 75 100 mi 180°30’ 0 10 20 Km Tavewa Drua Drua National capital 177°00’ Kia Vitina Nukubasaga Mali Wainingandru Towns and villages Coral reefs Sasa Nasea l Cobia e n n Airports and airfields Pacific Ocean Navidamu Rabi a Labasa e y Nailou h v a C 16° 30’ Natua ro B Yanuc Division boundaries d Yaqaga u a ld ka o Nabiti Macuata Ca ew Kioa g at g Provincial boundaries Votua N in Yakewa Kalou Naravuca Vunindongoloa Loa R p Naselesele Roads u o Nasau Wailevu Drekeniwai Laucala r Yasawairara Datum: WGS 84; Projection: Alber equal area G Bua Savusavu Laucala Denimanu Bua conic: standard meridan, 179°15’ east; standard a Teci Nakawakawa Wailagi Lala w Tamusua a parallels, 16°45’ and 18°30’ south. s Yandua Nadivakarua Ngathaavulu a Nacula Dama Data: VMap0 and Fiji Islands, FMS 16, Lands & Y Wainunu Vanua Levu Korovou CakaudroveTaveuni Survey Dept., Fiji 3rd Edition, 1998. Bay 17° 00’ Nabouwalu 17° 00’ Matayalevu Solevu Northern Division Navakawau Naitaba Ngunu Nanuku Passage Viwa Bligh Water Malima Nanuya Kese Lau Group Balavu Western Division V Nathamaki Kanacea Mualevu a Koro Yacata tu Cikobia-i-lau Waya Wayalevu Malake - Vanua Balavu I- Nasau N r O Tongan Passage Waya Lailai Vita Levu Rakiraki a Kade R Susui T Muna C H Kuata Tavua Vaileka h E Navadra a Makogai Vatu Vara R Ra n Mago N Sorokoba n Lomaiviti
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    102629 THE WORLD BANK GROUP Public Disclosure Authorized 2015 ANNUAL MEETINGS OF THE BOARDS OF GOVERNORS Public Disclosure Authorized SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Lima, Peru October 9-11, 2015 THE WORLD BANK GROUP Headquarters 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. Phone: (202) 473-1000 Fax: (202) 477-6391 Internet: www.worldbankgroup.org INTRODUCTORY NOTE The 2015 Annual Meetings of the Boards of Governors of the World Bank Group (Bank), which consists of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Finance Corporation (IFC), International Development Association (IDA), Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) and International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), held jointly with that of the International Monetary Fund (Fund), took place on October 9, 2015 in Lima, Peru. The Honorable Kordjé Bedoumra, Governor of the Bank and Fund for Chad served as the Chairman. The Summary Proceedings record, in alphabetical order by member countries, the texts of statements by Governors and the resolutions and reports adopted by the Boards of Governors of the World Bank Group. Mahmoud Mohieldin The Corporate Secretary World Bank Group Washington, D.C. January, 2016 iii CONTENTS Page Address by the President of Peru, Ollanta Humala Tasso ...............................................................1 Opening Address by the Chairman Kordjé Bedoumra Governor of the World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund for Chad ...............5 Opening Address by Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group .....................................8 Report by Marek Belka, Chairman of the Development Committee .............................................12 Statements by Governors and Alternate Governors.......................................................................14 Bangladesh ...................................... 14 New Zealand ...................................
    [Show full text]