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Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 26, No. 4 E Ursinus College Digital Commons @ Ursinus College Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine Pennsylvania Folklife Society Collection Spring 1977 Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 26, No. 4 E. Reginald Good Gerald L. Pocius Robert A. Barakat Louis Winkler Don Yoder Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag Part of the American Art and Architecture Commons, American Material Culture Commons, Christian Denominations and Sects Commons, Cultural History Commons, Ethnic Studies Commons, Fiber, Textile, and Weaving Arts Commons, Folklore Commons, Genealogy Commons, German Language and Literature Commons, Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons, History of Religion Commons, Linguistics Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits oy u. Recommended Citation Good, E. Reginald; Pocius, Gerald L.; Barakat, Robert A.; Winkler, Louis; and Yoder, Don, "Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 26, No. 4" (1977). Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine. 73. https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/73 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Pennsylvania Folklife Society Collection at Digital Commons @ Ursinus College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Ursinus College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SPRING 1977 ....----Contributors to this Issue----. E. REGINALD GOOD, Kitchener, Ontario, is a native of Ontario, a student at the University of Waterloo, and Assistant to the Curator, Doon Pioneer Village, Kitchener . His article in this issue is the first in a series of studies on Canadian fraktur artists and their work. GERALD L. POCIUS, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is a native of Pennsylvania and a doctoral student at the University of Pennsylvania. He has recently accepted a lectureship in folklife studies at the Memorial University, St. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada. His most recent article in our journal is "Veterinary Folk Medicine in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, " Penn­ sylvania Folklije, XXV:4 (Summer 1976), 2-15. DR. ROBERT A. BARAKAT, St. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada, is a native of Massachusetts who received his Ph.D. degree in the Department of Folklore and Folklife at the University of Pennsylvania, with a dissertation on the Tobacco Culture of Eastern Pennsylvania. Dr. Barakat's most recent volume is Cistercian Sign Language (Kalamazoo, Michigan: Cistercian Publications, 1975), No. 11 in the Cistercian Study Series. He teaches anthropology, with emphasis on historic archaeology, at the Memorial University, St. Johns, Newfoundland. DR. LOUIS WINKLER, State College, Pennsylvania, is pro­ fessor of astronomy at the Pennsylvania State University. To our pages he has contributed a long series of articles on various aspects of Pennsylvania German astronomy and astrology. His article in this issue deals with the Franklin almanacs and their relation to the Pennsylvania German community. EDITOR : Dr. Don Yoder ASSISTANT EDITOR: Dr. William Parsons SPRING 1977, Vol. XXVI, No.4 EDITORIAL COMMITTEE: Dr. Mac E. Barrick Contents Dr. Henry Glassie Dr. John A. Hostetler 2 Isaac Ziegler Hunsicker: Ontario School­ Dr. David J . Hufford master and Fraktur Artist Dr. Phil Jack Dr. Hilda A. Kring E. REGINALD GOOD Dr. Earl F. Robacker Dr. Alta Schrock 9 Walls and Fences in Susquehanna County, FOLK FESTIVAL DIRECTOR: Pennsylvania Mark R. Eaby, Jr. GERALD L. POCIUS FOLK FESTIVAL PUBLIC RELATIONS: Peg Zecher 21 Glossary of Pennsylvania German Terms Related to Construction and Tobacco SUBSCRIPTIONS: Doris E. Stief Agriculture PENNSYLVANIA FOLKLIFE, ROBERT A. BARAKAT Spring 1977, Vol. 26, No. 4 pub­ lished five times a year by Penn­ 36 Pennsylvania German Astronomy and sylvania Folklife Society, Inc., 3 Astrology XIV: Benjamin Franklin's Almanacs Central Plaza, Lancaster, Penn­ sylvania, 17602. $1.50 for si ngle LOUIS WINKLER copies; Autumn, Winter, Spring and Summer. $1.00 for Folk Festival 44 Wilhelm Nast and the German Universalists Supplement. Yearly subscription EDITED BY DON YODER $7.00. MSS AND PHOTOGRAPHS: Vegetables in the Pennsylvania Cuisine: The Editor will be glad to consider Folk-Cultural Questionnaire No. 47 MSS and photographs sent with a view to publication. When unsuit­ (Inside back cover) able, and if accompanied by return postage, every care will be exercised Contributors to this Issue toward their return, although no (Inside front cover) responsibility for their safety is as­ sumed. COVER: Editorial correspondence: The illustration on our cover has the theme of Dr. Don Yoder, Logan Hall, Box 13, University of Pennsylvania lambing time on an American farm in the 19th Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19174: Century. It appeared in Gleason's Pictorial, Boston, Folk Festival correspondence: Saturday, April22, 1854. College Blvd . and Vine, Kutztown, Pennsylvania 19530. Folk Festival public relations: Peg Zecher, 717 N. Swarthmore Ave., Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081. Subscription, business correspondence: Box 1053, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Contents copyrighted. Entered as second class matter at Lancaster. Pa. Isaac Ziegler Hunsicker: Ontario Schoolmaster and Fraktur Artist E. Reginald Good While much study has been done on fraktur art in Many fraktur artists who practised in these Ontario Pennsylvania, little attention has been given to the communities are worthy of study. Mention must be fraktur art and artists of Ontario, and to the itinerant made of Jacob Schumacher (itinerant), Samuel Meyer artists who travelled between Pennsylvania and Ontario (Niagara), and Christian Hoover (Markham). My own in the 19th Century. work on Waterloo artists Joseph Bauman6 and Anna Most Pennsylvania-German settlers in Ontario were Weber' goes a small way towar9 ameli orating the Mennonites whose political sympathies lay with the ignorance of scholars regarding Ontario fraktur artists. Bri tish Crown. Three years following the Peace of Among these practitioners is one who deserves more Paris in 1783 (which marked the end of the British­ careful attention - Isaac Ziegler Hunsicker (1803-1870). American conflict) five Mennonite families are believed Isaac Z. Hunsicker was a professional Waterloo to have mig rated to Ontario and settled at Niagara , County, Ontario, fraktur artist and schoolmaster. He near present-day St. Catherines. I made color drawings and Schierschnibble (paper By 1828, according to the Ecclesiastical Chart cuttings) for hi s pupils, Tafeln (family records) of Upper Canada, Mennonites numbered 3,552, and for parents' Bibles, and Scheine (certificates) to were fo und in three main settlements - Niagara, record the births, baptisms, and family hi stories Waterloo, and York. 2 of patrons. Niagara was the earliest colony, begun in 1786, As in Pennsylvania, so in Ontario, the art of with most of its inhabitants coming from Bucks fraktur in the 19th Century Mennonite communities County, Pennsylvania. Here the fraktur technique "had been chiefly perpetuated by deliberate instruction was perpetuated mainly through the parochial singing in German schools by German schoolmasters". 8 schools. J Hunsicker was among "the most prominent teachers Waterloo, by far the largest Mennonite settlement from that early period'" and, of these, the most in Ontario, was initiated in 1800. Most families here capable artist. In the period 1835-1855, mainly came from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. 4 In this through the efforts of Hunsicker, the quality of area Pennsylvania-German traditions survived longer fraktur produced in Waterloo County schools reached than in any of the other settlements discussed in this its peak. paper. Recognition has come slowly for Hunsicker. Al­ York, in the vicinity of present-day Toronto, was though he produced a large quantity of the Ontario the last significant colony to be settled by Penn­ fraktur, much of it signed, he is still listed in the sylvania-German immigrants, beginning in 1803. 5 Philadelphia Free Library (which houses the largest Mennonites from throughout both Pennsylvania and public collection of fraktur in the United States) as the Ontario colonies were attracted here. an "anonymous" Ontario artist. One Canadian writer refers to Hunsicker as the "master of cut-paper 'Epp, Frank H., Mennonites in Canada (Canada: The Macmillan angels," I 0 and attributes only two frakturs (both Company of Canada Ltd., 1974), p. 56. Frank Epp's book is the first comprehensive volume on Mennonites in Canada. It in­ Schierschnibble) to his hand. corporates the scholarship of earlier local historians. A possible Isaac Z . Hunsicker was bOIn the twenty-ninth of weakness is that the coverage of Swiss Mennonites is not as thorough as that of Russian Mennonites. Frank Epp is currently January, 1803, in Skippack Township, Montgomery president of Conrad Grebel College on the campus of the University County, Pennsylvania," and immigrated to Waterloo of Waterloo. ' Burkholder, L. J ., A Brief History of the Mennonites in Ontario prior to 1830, when he illuminated the family record (Markham: The Mennonite Conference (MC) of Ontario, 1935), ' Good, E. Reginald, "Ontario Fraktur Artist Joseph Bauman p. 25 . This is the most thorough and best documented of books (1815-1890)," The Canadian Col/ector, XI:4 (197 6),35-37. dealing with Ontario Mennonite groups. It emphasises the history ' Good, E. Reginald, Anna's Art (Kitchener: Pochauna Publications, of the (MC) Mennonites. Burkholder (1875-1949) was for many 1976). years Pastor in,
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