Structure and Function of the Archaeal Response Regulator Chey
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Evaluation of Total Protein Production by Soil Cyanobacteria in Culture Filtrate at Various Incubations Periods
www.ijapbc.com IJAPBC – Vol. 5(3), Jul - Sep, 2016 ISSN: 2277 - 4688 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHARMACY, BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY Research Article Evaluation of Total Protein Production by soil Cyanobacteria in culture filtrate at various Incubations periods Farida P. Minocheherhomji* and Aarti Pradhan *Department of Microbiology, B. P. Baria Science Institute, Navsari, Gujarat, India - 396445. ABSTRACT Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are microscopic organisms that obtain their energy through photosynthesis, and are found in common and naturally occurring ecosystem sites like moist soil and water bodies. Cyanobacteria are in a range of shapes and sizes and can occur as single cells while others assemble into groups as colonies or filaments. Blue green algae produces many metabolites including amino acids, proteins, vitamins and plant growth regulators like auxins, gibberellins and abscisic acids. The present study has been undertaken to estimate the total protein in their culture filtrate during different incubation times using BG-11 broth and Pringsheim’s broth. Protein was estimated from culture filtrate by standard protocols. The present study revealed that the amount of biomass, protein and IAA by different Cyanobacterial species were increased with the corresponding incubation time, and showed maximum concentration of 24 μg/ml, 14 μg/ml and 32.5 μg/ml in Pringsheim’s broth after 30 days respectively. Key Words: Cyanobacteria, Nitrogen fixation and Protein production INTRODUCTION Cyanobacteria belong to the group of organisms repertoire of metabolic activities. They proliferate in called prokaryotes, which also includes bacteria, and diverse types of ecosystems - ranging from the cold can be regarded as simple in terms of their cell Tundra to the hot deserts, from surface waters of structure. -
Bradymonabacteria, a Novel Bacterial Predator Group with Versatile
Mu et al. Microbiome (2020) 8:126 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00902-0 RESEARCH Open Access Bradymonabacteria, a novel bacterial predator group with versatile survival strategies in saline environments Da-Shuai Mu1,2, Shuo Wang2, Qi-Yun Liang2, Zhao-Zhong Du2, Renmao Tian3, Yang Ouyang3, Xin-Peng Wang2, Aifen Zhou3, Ya Gong1,2, Guan-Jun Chen1,2, Joy Van Nostrand3, Yunfeng Yang4, Jizhong Zhou3,4 and Zong-Jun Du1,2* Abstract Background: Bacterial predation is an important selective force in microbial community structure and dynamics. However, only a limited number of predatory bacteria have been reported, and their predatory strategies and evolutionary adaptations remain elusive. We recently isolated a novel group of bacterial predators, Bradymonabacteria, representative of the novel order Bradymonadales in δ-Proteobacteria. Compared with those of other bacterial predators (e.g., Myxococcales and Bdellovibrionales), the predatory and living strategies of Bradymonadales are still largely unknown. Results: Based on individual coculture of Bradymonabacteria with 281 prey bacteria, Bradymonabacteria preyed on diverse bacteria but had a high preference for Bacteroidetes. Genomic analysis of 13 recently sequenced Bradymonabacteria indicated that these bacteria had conspicuous metabolic deficiencies, but they could synthesize many polymers, such as polyphosphate and polyhydroxyalkanoates. Dual transcriptome analysis of cocultures of Bradymonabacteria and prey suggested a potential contact-dependent predation mechanism. Comparative genomic analysis with 24 other bacterial predators indicated that Bradymonabacteria had different predatory and living strategies. Furthermore, we identified Bradymonadales from 1552 publicly available 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing samples, indicating that Bradymonadales was widely distributed and highly abundant in saline environments. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there may be six subgroups in this order; each subgroup occupied a different habitat. -
Motile Ghosts of the Halophilic Archaeon, Haloferax Volcanii
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.08.899351; this version posted May 6, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Motile ghosts of the halophilic archaeon, 2 Haloferax volcanii 3 Yoshiaki Kinosita1,2,¶,*, Nagisa Mikami2, Zhengqun Li2, Frank Braun2, Tessa EF. Quax2, 4 Chris van der Does2, Robert Ishmukhametov1, Sonja-Verena Albers2 & Richard M. Berry1 5 1Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Park load OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK 6 2Institute for Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schaenzle strasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, 7 Germany 8 ¶Present address: Molecular Physiology Laboratory, RIKEN, Japan 9 *Correspondence should be addressed to [email protected] 10 Author Contributions: 11 Y.K. and R.M.B designed the research. Y.K. performed all experiments and 12 obtained all data; N.M. helped genetics, biochemistry, and preparation of figures; 13 Z.L, F.B., T.EF.Q., C.v.d.D and S.-V. A. helped genetics; R.I helped the ghost 14 experiments; N.M. and R.M.B helped microscope measurements; Y.K., and 15 R.M.B. wrote the paper. 16 17 18 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.08.899351; this version posted May 6, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
Viruses of Hyperthermophilic Archaea: Entry and Egress from the Host Cell
Viruses of hyperthermophilic archaea : entry and egress from the host cell Emmanuelle Quemin To cite this version: Emmanuelle Quemin. Viruses of hyperthermophilic archaea : entry and egress from the host cell. Microbiology and Parasitology. Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2015. English. NNT : 2015PA066329. tel-01374196 HAL Id: tel-01374196 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01374196 Submitted on 30 Sep 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles Ecole doctorale Complexité du Vivant ED515 Département de Microbiologie - Institut Pasteur 7, quai Saint-Bernard, case 32 25, rue du Dr. Roux 75252 Paris Cedex 05 75015 Paris THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE Spécialité : Microbiologie Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE VIRUSES OF HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ARCHAEA: ENTRY INTO AND EGRESS FROM THE HOST CELL Présentée par M. Emmanuelle Quemin Soutenue le 28 Septembre 2015 devant le jury composé de : Prof. Guennadi Sezonov Président du jury Prof. Christa Schleper Rapporteur de thèse Dr. Paulo Tavares Rapporteur de thèse Dr. -
Structure of the Archaellar Motor and Associated Cytoplasmic Cone In
bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 13, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/108209. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Structure of the archaellar motor and associated cytoplasmic cone in 2 Thermococcus kodakaraensis 3 4 Ariane Briegel1,2, Catherine M. Oikonomou1, Yi-Wei Chang1, Andreas Kjær1,3, Audrey N. 5 Huang1, Ki Woo Kim4, Debnath Ghosal1, Robert P. Gunsalus5, and Grant J. Jensen1,6,* 6 7 8 9 1 Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. 10 California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125 11 2 Current: Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, Netherlands 12 3 Current address: University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark 13 4 School of Ecology and Environmental System, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, 14 South Korea 15 5 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, the Molecular Biology 16 Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 609 Charles E. Young Dr. S., Los Angeles, CA 17 90095 18 6 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125 19 * Correspondence: [email protected] 20 21 Keywords: electron cryotomography, cryo-EM, archaea, archaella, flagella, T4P, motility, 22 Thermococcus kodakaraensis, Thermococcus kodakarensis 23 1 bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 13, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/108209. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. -
Depth-Stratified Functional and Taxonomic Niche Specialization in the ‘Core’ and ‘Flexible’ Pacific Ocean Virome
The ISME Journal (2015) 9, 472–484 & 2015 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved 1751-7362/15 www.nature.com/ismej ORIGINAL ARTICLE Depth-stratified functional and taxonomic niche specialization in the ‘core’ and ‘flexible’ Pacific Ocean Virome Bonnie L Hurwitz1, Jennifer R Brum and Matthew B Sullivan Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Microbes drive myriad ecosystem processes, and their viruses modulate microbial-driven processes through mortality, horizontal gene transfer, and metabolic reprogramming by viral-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs). However, our knowledge of viral roles in the oceans is primarily limited to surface waters. Here we assess the depth distribution of protein clusters (PCs) in the first large- scale quantitative viral metagenomic data set that spans much of the pelagic depth continuum (the Pacific Ocean Virome; POV). This established ‘core’ (180 PCs; one-third new to science) and ‘flexible’ (423K PCs) community gene sets, including niche-defining genes in the latter (385 and 170 PCs are exclusive and core to the photic and aphotic zones, respectively). Taxonomic annotation suggested that tailed phages are ubiquitous, but not abundant (o5% of PCs) and revealed depth- related taxonomic patterns. Functional annotation, coupled with extensive analyses to document non-viral DNA contamination, uncovered 32 new AMGs (9 core, 20 photic and 3 aphotic) that introduce ways in which viruses manipulate infected host metabolism, and parallel depth-stratified host adaptations (for example, photic zone genes for iron–sulphur cluster modulation for phage production, and aphotic zone genes for high-pressure deep-sea survival). Finally, significant vertical flux of photic zone viruses to the deep sea was detected, which is critical for interpreting depth- related patterns in nature. -
Cell Structure and Function in the Bacteria and Archaea
4 Chapter Preview and Key Concepts 4.1 1.1 DiversityThe Beginnings among theof Microbiology Bacteria and Archaea 1.1. •The BacteriaThe are discovery classified of microorganismsinto several Cell Structure wasmajor dependent phyla. on observations made with 2. theThe microscope Archaea are currently classified into two 2. •major phyla.The emergence of experimental 4.2 Cellscience Shapes provided and Arrangements a means to test long held and Function beliefs and resolve controversies 3. Many bacterial cells have a rod, spherical, or 3. MicroInquiryspiral shape and1: Experimentation are organized into and a specific Scientificellular c arrangement. Inquiry in the Bacteria 4.31.2 AnMicroorganisms Overview to Bacterialand Disease and Transmission Archaeal 4.Cell • StructureEarly epidemiology studies suggested how diseases could be spread and 4. Bacterial and archaeal cells are organized at be controlled the cellular and molecular levels. 5. • Resistance to a disease can come and Archaea 4.4 External Cell Structures from exposure to and recovery from a mild 5.form Pili allowof (or cells a very to attach similar) to surfacesdisease or other cells. 1.3 The Classical Golden Age of Microbiology 6. Flagella provide motility. Our planet has always been in the “Age of Bacteria,” ever since the first 6. (1854-1914) 7. A glycocalyx protects against desiccation, fossils—bacteria of course—were entombed in rocks more than 3 billion 7. • The germ theory was based on the attaches cells to surfaces, and helps observations that different microorganisms years ago. On any possible, reasonable criterion, bacteria are—and always pathogens evade the immune system. have been—the dominant forms of life on Earth. -
The Role of Stress Proteins in Haloarchaea and Their Adaptive Response to Environmental Shifts
biomolecules Review The Role of Stress Proteins in Haloarchaea and Their Adaptive Response to Environmental Shifts Laura Matarredona ,Mónica Camacho, Basilio Zafrilla , María-José Bonete and Julia Esclapez * Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Area, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Ap 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (B.Z.); [email protected] (M.-J.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-965-903-880 Received: 31 July 2020; Accepted: 24 September 2020; Published: 29 September 2020 Abstract: Over the years, in order to survive in their natural environment, microbial communities have acquired adaptations to nonoptimal growth conditions. These shifts are usually related to stress conditions such as low/high solar radiation, extreme temperatures, oxidative stress, pH variations, changes in salinity, or a high concentration of heavy metals. In addition, climate change is resulting in these stress conditions becoming more significant due to the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. The most relevant damaging effect of these stressors is protein denaturation. To cope with this effect, organisms have developed different mechanisms, wherein the stress genes play an important role in deciding which of them survive. Each organism has different responses that involve the activation of many genes and molecules as well as downregulation of other genes and pathways. Focused on salinity stress, the archaeal domain encompasses the most significant extremophiles living in high-salinity environments. To have the capacity to withstand this high salinity without losing protein structure and function, the microorganisms have distinct adaptations. -
Quantitative Insights Into the Cyanobacterial Cell Economy
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/446179; this version posted October 17, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Quantitative insights into the cyanobacterial cell economy Tomáš Zavřel,1†∗ Marjan Faizi,2y Cristina Loureiro,3 Gereon Poschmann,4 Kai Stühler,4;5 Maria Sinetova,6 Anna Zorina,6 Ralf Steuer,2∗ Jan Červený1 1Laboratory of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic 2Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Fachinstitut für Theoretische Biologie, Berlin, Germany 3Department of Applied Physics, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain 4Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZ, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany 5Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany 6Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation ∗Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected] yThese authors contributed equally to this work ABSTRACT growth rates, high productivity and amenability to genetic manipulations, cyanobacteria are considered as promising Phototrophic microorganisms are promising resources host organisms for synthesis of renewable bioproducts from for green biotechnology. Compared to heterotrophic atmospheric CO2 (Al-Haj et al., 2016; Zavřel et al., 2016), microorganisms, however, the cellular economy of and serve as important model organisms to understand and phototrophic growth is still insufficiently understood. improve photosynthetic productivity. We provide a quantitative analysis of light-limited, Understanding the cellular limits of photosynthetic pro- light-saturated, and light-inhibited growth of the ductivity in cyanobacteria, however, requires quantitative cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. -
Analysis of Cell–Cell Bridges in Haloferax Volcanii Using Electron Cryo-Tomography Reveal a Continuous Cytoplasm and S-Layer
fmicb-11-612239 January 2, 2021 Time: 15:14 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 13 January 2021 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.612239 Analysis of Cell–Cell Bridges in Haloferax volcanii Using Electron Cryo-Tomography Reveal a Continuous Cytoplasm and S-Layer Shamphavi Sivabalasarma1,2, Hanna Wetzel1, Phillip Nußbaum1, Chris van der Does1, Morgan Beeby3 and Sonja-Verena Albers1,2* 1 Molecular Biology of Archaea, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, 2 Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, 3 Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom Halophilic archaea have been proposed to exchange DNA and proteins using a fusion- based mating mechanism. Scanning electron microscopy previously suggested that mating involves an intermediate state, where cells are connected by an intercellular Edited by: bridge. To better understand this process, we used electron cryo-tomography (cryoET) John A. Fuerst, and fluorescence microscopy to visualize cells forming these intercellular bridges. The University of Queensland, CryoET showed that the observed bridges were enveloped by an surface layer (S-layer) Australia and connected mating cells via a continuous cytoplasm. Macromolecular complexes Reviewed by: Aharon Oren, like ribosomes and unknown thin filamentous helical structures were visualized in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel cytoplasm inside the bridges, demonstrating that these bridges can facilitate exchange Reinhard Rachel, University of Regensburg, Germany of cellular components. We followed formation of a cell–cell bridge by fluorescence time- *Correspondence: lapse microscopy between cells at a distance of 1.5 mm. These results shed light on the Sonja-Verena Albers process of haloarchaeal mating and highlight further mechanistic questions. -
Study of the Archaeal Motility System of H. Salinarum by Cryo-Electron Tomography
Technische Universität München Max Planck-Institut für Biochemie Abteilung für Molekulare Strukturbiologie “Study of the archaeal motility system of Halobacterium salinarum by cryo-electron tomography” Daniel Bollschweiler Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät für Chemie der Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften genehmigten Dissertation. Vorsitzender: Univ.-Prof. Dr. B. Reif Prüfer der Dissertation: 1. Hon.-Prof. Dr. W. Baumeister 2. Univ.-Prof. Dr. S. Weinkauf Die Dissertation wurde am 05.11.2015 bei der Technischen Universität München eingereicht und durch die Fakultät für Chemie am 08.12.2015 angenommen. “REM AD TRIARIOS REDISSE” - Roman proverb - Table of contents 1. Summary.......................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Halobacterium salinarum: An archaeal model organism ............................................................ 3 2.1.1. Archaeal flagella ...................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2. Gas vesicles .............................................................................................................................. 8 2.2. The challenges of high salt media and low dose tolerance in TEM ......................................... -
Bg-15-2669-2018.Pdf
Biogeosciences, 15, 2669–2689, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2669-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Dynamics and controls of heterotrophic prokaryotic production in the western tropical South Pacific Ocean: links with diazotrophic and photosynthetic activity France Van Wambeke1, Audrey Gimenez1, Solange Duhamel2, Cécile Dupouy1,3, Dominique Lefevre1, Mireille Pujo-Pay4, and Thierry Moutin1 1Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France 2Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Division of Biology and Paleo Environment, Columbia University, P.O. Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, USA 3Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 98848, Nouméa, New Caledonia 4CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), UMR 7621, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls-sur-mer, France Correspondence: France Van Wambeke ([email protected]) Received: 22 December 2017 – Discussion started: 10 January 2018 Revised: 4 April 2018 – Accepted: 14 April 2018 – Published: 4 May 2018 Abstract. Heterotrophic prokaryotic production (BP) was zone. However, BP was more significantly correlated with studied in the western tropical South Pacific (WTSP) using PP, but not with N2 fixation rates where DIP was more avail- the leucine technique, revealing spatial and temporal vari- able (TDIP > 100 h), deeper in the Melanesian Archipelago, ability within the region. Integrated over the euphotic zone, or within the entire euphotic zone in the subtropical gyre. BP ranged from 58 to 120 mg C m−2 d−1 within the Melane- The bacterial carbon demand to gross primary production ra- sian Archipelago, and from 31 to 50 mg C m−2 d−1 within tio ranged from 0.75 to 3.1.