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Using DNA Analysis to Monitor Fish Populations

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Using DNA Analysis to Monitor Fish Populations TWINELINE 2007 SPRING/SUMMER EDITION V O L . 2 9 / N O . 2 CSI: Lake Erie Using DNA Analysis to Monitor Fish Populations ATMOSPH ND ER A IC IC A N D A M E I C N O I S L T A R N A T O I I O T N A N U E .S . C D R E E P M A M Ohio Sea Grant College Program RT O MENT OF C TABLE OF TWINELINE OHIO SEA GRANT The Ohio State University 1314 Kinnear Rd. Columbus, OH 43212-1156 Phone: 614.292.8949 CONTENTS Fax: 614.292.4364 2 0 0 7 S P R I N G / S U M M E R E D I T I O N V O L . 2 9 / N O . 2 ohioseagrant.osu.edu Page OHIO SEA GRANT STAFF Dr. Jeffrey M. Reutter, Director [email protected] 3 GLOS: Gathering Great Lakes Data Dr. Rosanne W. Fortner, 4 CSI: Lake Erie Education Coordinator [email protected] 6 Nerodio Kids Day 2007 Jill Jentes Banicki, Assistant Director 7 Stone Lab Hosts Herpetology Open House [email protected] Eugene Braig, Assistant Director 8 Ohio Sea Grant Staff Update [email protected] 10 Stone Lab Featured in Lake Erie Documentary Greg Aylsworth, Graphic Designer [email protected] 11 Stone Lab Summer Guest Lecture Series George Oommen, System Engineer [email protected] 12 Stone Lab Scholarships Nancy Cruickshank, Publications Manager 13-15 Friends of Stone Lab [email protected] Student Spotlight Davin Riley, Office Associate [email protected] Winter Program Highlights John Tripp, Fiscal Manager [email protected] 16 Fish Lake Erie License Plate On Sale Now Daniella Nordin, Intern [email protected] EXTENSION AGENTS Frank R. Lichtkoppler*, Lake & Ashtabula Counties 440.350.2582 [email protected] Help send a kid to Stone Lab. Buy a backpack! Fred L. Snyder*, Ottawa County 419.635.1022 [email protected] *Program Co-Coordinators Proceeds go directly to Stone Lab Gary L. Comer, Jr., Ohio Clean Marinas Program student scholarships. 419.609.4120 [email protected] John R. Hageman, Jr., Choose from red, royal blue, or black. Ottawa County 614.247.6500 Qty. 1: $5 + $2 shipping [email protected] 2-10: $5 /ea. + $5 shipping 11 or more: Call 614.292.8949 Melinda Huntley, Tourism Director Make checks payable to: OSU 419.609.0399 [email protected] Mail to: Ohio Sea Grant Publications 1314 Kinnear Rd. David O. Kelch, Pg.Columbus, 14 OH 43212 Erie & Lorain Counties 440.326.5851 Sorry, we cannot accept credit cards. [email protected] Pg. 19 Joe Lucente, Lucas County 419.213.4254 Questions? Contact Nancy Cruickshank at 614.292.8949 or [email protected] [email protected] Twine Line (ISSN 1064-6418) is published four times a year by the Ohio Sea Grant College Program at The Ohio State University, 1314 Kinnear Rd., Columbus, OH 43212-1156. Subscrip- Kelly Riesen, tion price is $10.00 per year (four issues). The opinions expressed are those of the authors only. Please contact the office to obtain permission before reprinting articles or graphics. Lake Erie Nature & Science Center Ohio Sea Grant is a statewide program that supports greater knowledge and stewardship of Lake Erie and the Great Lakes. It is part of the NOAA Sea Grant College Program (NOAA 440.808.5627 grant NA16RG2252, project M/P-2), which includes 32 state programs. Support of Ohio Sea Grant is provided by National Sea Grant, the State of Ohio, The Ohio State University, Ohio [email protected] State University Extension, and participating universities, agencies, and businesses. Walter D. Williams, Cuyahoga County 216.621.3300 2 TWINELINE 2007 SPRING/SUMMER EDITION [email protected] Gathering Great Lakes Data nyone needing information about the Great a drinking water intake. Gathering information on Lakes now has a new resource available to natural and human-made threats to the health of A them. A bi-national network, the Great Lakes the lakes’ ecosystem is especially important to the Observing System (GLOS) is compiling and providing 24 million residents who rely on the lakes for their historical and current Great Lakes data to scientists, drinking water. Providing more data to the public will educators, recreational boaters, the shipping industry, also help educate a new generation of residents about and many others. GLOS provides real-time data about the value of the Great Lakes and how important it is to the lakes region for forecasting, resource management, protect them. modeling, and teaching purposes. Coordinated by the Great Lakes Commission, GLOS Currently, data about the lakes is collected by a is a cooperative project among U.S. federal and state variety of organizations and institutions from sources agencies, including all programs within the Great such as buoys, satellites, deep water and meteorological Lakes Sea Grant Network, academic institutions, sensors, as well as land field stations. GLOS will work private industry, and Canadian agencies. Created in toward increasing the existing data gathering tools by 2003, GLOS is one of 11 Regional Associations (RAs) placing additional instruments in the field to create a of the International Ocean Observing System (IOOS), denser data gathering system. This data will improve a system of data gathering networks that monitor the the ability to forecast things like floods, droughts, Great Lakes and the world’s oceans. Beyond the Great fisheries, bacterial outbreak dispersions, and climate Lakes region, other RAs are located on the east and changes. west coasts of the U.S., as well as in Alaska, the Gulf In addition to gathering these various data sets, of Mexico, the Caribbean and the Pacific. For more GLOS will produce new graphical versions of the information on IOOS, visit www.ocean.us. information for public use. “We’d like GLOS to become If you’re interested in obtaining further information a clearinghouse for all Great Lakes data,” says Dr. Jeff about GLOS, email [email protected] Reutter, Director of Ohio Sea Grant. “The collected to join the GLOS Regional Interest Group to receive data can be used for a variety of purposes, from periodic updates. TL weather forecasting to Dead Zone formation, from homeland security to educational tools.” For more information about GLOS, visit www.glos.us With GLOS translating complex scientific data into pictorial representations such as charts and illustrations, it will be easier for educators to integrate Great Lakes information into their teaching. Ohio Sea Grant’s Frank Lichtkoppler serves as Co- Chair of the GLOS Education & Outreach Committee. “We want to help teachers get their students excited about the Great Lakes,” he states. “Most kids know more about the rainforests than they do about the Great Lakes. We hope to change that.” The Great Lakes are the largest source of freshwater on the planet. Lake data helps to predict water currents, which can be crucial when an oil or chemical spill occurs near NASA: visibleearth.nasa.gov TWINELINE 2007 SPRING/SUMMER EDITION 3 CSI: Lake Erie Using DNA Analysis to Monitor Fish Populations by Daniella Nordin, Ohio Sea Grant Communications Kevin Henriksen f you saw Ohio Sea Grant researcher Dr. Carol Recognizing these markers enables researchers not Stepien of the University of Toledo in her research only to discover different genotypes, but also different I lab, sporting her white lab coat, hovering over spawning locations. “The markers are reflections of the samples, and splicing DNA, you would wonder if you genetic makeup of fish in spawning sites,” says Stepien. were catching an episode of CSI. But Stepien, one of the “We use these markers to distinguish the genotypes and Great Lakes’ leaders in DNA analysis, isn’t analyzing the their variations among walleye and smallmouth bass, two life of a human. Rather, she’s tracking the life of a fish. of the most economically important fish species in Lake Stepien’s quest to solve the genetic mysteries of Lake Erie.” Erie began more than 10 years ago when she identified Stepien isolated markers by collecting DNA samples genetic variations within walleye stocks in Lake Erie’s from a small piece of fish tissue clipped from the pectoral three basins. In her later work, she traced the genetic fin during the walleye and smallmouth bass spawns. She origin of the invasive zebra mussel and its cousin, the pinpointed areas within the lake where fish populations quagga, back to their European roots, as well as predicted had both high and low gene flow. Fish with high gene the future extended range of the round goby. flow (shared genetic variation) strayed from their With her newest research, Stepien continues to track native spawning grounds more frequently and sometimes genetic diversity within fish species, in particular walleye spawned elsewhere. Fish with low gene flow (unique genetic and smallmouth bass. Genetic diversity is the variation variation) strayed less and spawned mainly at their native in the genetic composition of individuals within a spawning sites. species. It enables a species to withstand environmental Although she identified both high and low gene disturbances such as fishing pressure, habitat degradation, flow for each fish species, her results somewhat varied and competition from invading species—all of which pose depending on the genotype. Stepien found that some serious threats to Great Lakes fish populations. Preserving walleye were wanderers (especially in western Lake Erie), this genetic variation is fundamental to a species’ ability to straying from their native spawning sites to other areas of adapt to changing and existing environmental conditions, the lake more frequently. Whereas, smallmouth bass were thus ensuring their survival.
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