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Resolutions to Censure the President: Procedure and History
Resolutions to Censure the President: Procedure and History Updated February 1, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45087 Resolutions to Censure the President: Procedure and History Summary Censure is a reprimand adopted by one or both chambers of Congress against a Member of Congress, President, federal judge, or other government official. While Member censure is a disciplinary measure that is sanctioned by the Constitution (Article 1, Section 5), non-Member censure is not. Rather, it is a formal expression or “sense of” one or both houses of Congress. Censure resolutions targeting non-Members have utilized a range of statements to highlight conduct deemed by the resolutions’ sponsors to be inappropriate or unauthorized. Before the Nixon Administration, such resolutions included variations of the words or phrases unconstitutional, usurpation, reproof, and abuse of power. Beginning in 1972, the most clearly “censorious” resolutions have contained the word censure in the text. Resolutions attempting to censure the President are usually simple resolutions. These resolutions are not privileged for consideration in the House or Senate. They are, instead, considered under the regular parliamentary mechanisms used to process “sense of” legislation. Since 1800, Members of the House and Senate have introduced resolutions of censure against at least 12 sitting Presidents. Two additional Presidents received criticism via alternative means (a House committee report and an amendment to a resolution). The clearest instance of a successful presidential censure is Andrew Jackson. The Senate approved a resolution of censure in 1834. On three other occasions, critical resolutions were adopted, but their final language, as amended, obscured the original intention to censure the President. -
Seeking a Forgotten History
HARVARD AND SLAVERY Seeking a Forgotten History by Sven Beckert, Katherine Stevens and the students of the Harvard and Slavery Research Seminar HARVARD AND SLAVERY Seeking a Forgotten History by Sven Beckert, Katherine Stevens and the students of the Harvard and Slavery Research Seminar About the Authors Sven Beckert is Laird Bell Professor of history Katherine Stevens is a graduate student in at Harvard University and author of the forth- the History of American Civilization Program coming The Empire of Cotton: A Global History. at Harvard studying the history of the spread of slavery and changes to the environment in the antebellum U.S. South. © 2011 Sven Beckert and Katherine Stevens Cover Image: “Memorial Hall” PHOTOGRAPH BY KARTHIK DONDETI, GRADUATE SCHOOL OF DESIGN, HARVARD UNIVERSITY 2 Harvard & Slavery introducTION n the fall of 2007, four Harvard undergradu- surprising: Harvard presidents who brought slaves ate students came together in a seminar room to live with them on campus, significant endow- Ito solve a local but nonetheless significant ments drawn from the exploitation of slave labor, historical mystery: to research the historical con- Harvard’s administration and most of its faculty nections between Harvard University and slavery. favoring the suppression of public debates on Inspired by Ruth Simmon’s path-breaking work slavery. A quest that began with fears of finding at Brown University, the seminar’s goal was nothing ended with a new question —how was it to gain a better understanding of the history of that the university had failed for so long to engage the institution in which we were learning and with this elephantine aspect of its history? teaching, and to bring closer to home one of the The following pages will summarize some of greatest issues of American history: slavery. -
House of Representatives
HULES AND ORDERS TO BE OBSERVED IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE ©ommontoealtlj of JHassacijusctts, FOR THE YEAR 1850. PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE HOUSE. BOSTON: DUTTON AND WENTWORTH, STATE PRINTERS. 1850. RULES AND ORDERS OF TIIE HOUSE. CHAPTER I. I O f the Duties and Powers of the Speaker. I. T h e Speaker shall take the Chair every day at the hour to which the House shall have adjourned ; shall call the Members to order; and, on the ap pearance of a quorum, shall proceed to business. II. He shall preserve decorum and order; may speak to points of order in preference to other Members ; and shall decide all questions of order, subject to an appeal to the House by motion regularly seconded ; and no other business shall be in order till the ques tion on the appeal shall have been decided. III. He shall declare all votes; but, if any Member rises to doubt a vote, the Speaker shall order a re turn of the number voting in the affirmative, and in the negative, without any further debate upon the question. IV. He shall rise to put a question, or to address the House, but may read sitting. V. In all cases the Speaker may vote. 4 Duties of the Speaker. Ch. I. VI. When the House shall determine to go into a Committee of the whole House, the Speaker shall appoint the Member who shall take the Chair. VII. On all questions and motions whatsoever, the Speaker shall take the sense of the House by yeas and nays, provided one fifth of the Members pres ent shall so require. -
University of Maryland Commencement May 22, 2020
University of Maryland Commencemenmay 22, 2020 Table of Contents CONGRATULATIONS BACHELOR’S DEGREES From the President 1 Agriculture and Natural Resources, From the Alumni Association President 2 College of 24 Architecture, Planning and SPEAKER BIOGRAPHIES Preservation, School of 25 Graduating Student Speaker 4 Arts and Humanities, College of 25 University Medalists 5 Behavioral and Social Sciences, Honorary Degree Recipients 7 College of 29 Commencement Speaker 9 Business, Robert H. Smith School of 35 Computer, Mathematical, and DOCTORAL DEGREES 10 Natural Sciences, College of 42 Education, College of 48 MASTER’S DEGREES 15 Engineering, A. James Clark School of 49 Graduate Certificates 22 Information Studies, College of 52 Journalism, Philip Merrill College of 53 Public Health, School of 54 Public Policy, School of 56 THE “DO GOOD” CAMPUS Undergraduate Studies 56 Certificate Programs 56 The University of Maryland commits to becoming HONORS COLLEGE, CITATION AND a global leader in advancing social innovation, NOTATION PROGRAMS, AND ACADEMIC AND SPECIAL AWARDS philanthropy and nonprofit leadership with its Do Honors College 57 Good Campus. CIVICUS 59 College Park Scholars 59 Beyond the Classroom 62 Our Do Good Campus effort amplifies the power of Federal Fellows 62 Terps as agents of social innovation and supports First-Year Innovation and Research Experience 62 the university’s mission of service. We’re working to Global Communities 63 ensure all University of Maryland students graduate Global Fellows 63 equipped and motivated to do good in their careers, Hinman CEOs 63 Immigration and Migration Studies 63 their communities and the world. Jiménez-Porter Writers’ House 63 Language House 63 Ronald E. -
Chapter I: the Supremacy of Equal Rights
DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91125 CHAPTER I: THE SUPREMACY OF EQUAL RIGHTS J. Morgan Kousser SOCIAL SCIENCE WORKING PAPER 620 March 1987 ABSTRACT The black and white abolitionist agitation of the school integ ration issue in Massachusetts from 1840 to 1855 gave us the fi rst school integ ration case filed in Ame rica, the fi rst state sup reme cou rt decision re po rted on the issue, and the fi rst state-wide law banning ra cial disc rimination in admission to educational institutions. Wh o favo red and who opposed school integ ration, and what arguments did each side make? We re the types of arguments that they offe re d diffe rent in diffe re nt fo ru ms? We re they diffe rent from 20th centu ry arguments? Wh y did the movement triumph, and why did it take so long to do so? Wh at light does the st ruggle th row on views on ra ce re lations held by membe rs of the antebellum black and white communities, on the cha racte r of the abolitionist movement, and on the development of legal doct rines about ra cial equality? Pe rhaps mo re gene rally, how should histo ri ans go about assessing the weight of diffe rent re asons that policymake rs adduced fo r thei r actions, and how flawed is a legal histo ry that confines itself to st rictly legal mate ri als? How can social scientific theo ry and statistical techniques be profitably applied to politico-legal histo ry? Pa rt of a la rge r project on the histo ry of cou rt cases and state and local provisions on ra cial disc rimination in schools, this pape r int roduces many of the main themes, issues, and methods to be employed in the re st of the book. -
(Kommontoealtlj of Jhassacfjwsetts
RULES AND ORDERS, TO BE OBSERVED IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE (Kommontoealtlj of jHassacfjwsetts, FOR THE YEAR 1834. PUBLISHED BY ORDER OP THE HOUSE. BOSTON: DUTTON AND WENTWORTH, STATE PRINTERS 1834. , Rules and Orders of the House. CHAPTER I. O f the Duties and Powers of the Speaker. I. T h e Speaker shall take the Chair every day at the hour to which the House shall have adjourned ; shall call the Members to order ; and on the appear ance of a quorum, shall proceed to business. II. H e shall preserve decorum and order ; may speak to points of order in preference to other Members; and shall decide all questions of order, subject to an appeal to the House on motion regularly seconded. III. H e shall declare all votes ; but if any Member rises to doubt a vote, the Speaker shall order a re turn of the number voting in the affirmative, and in the negative, without any further debate upon the question. IV. H e shall rise to put a question, or to address the House, but may read sitting. V. In all cases the Speaker may vote. VI. W h e n the House shall determine to go into a Committee of the whole House, the Speaker shall appoint the Member who shall take the Chair. VII. W h e n any Member shall require a question to be determined by yeas and nays, the Speaker shall take the sense of the House in that manner, provided one third of the members present are in favor of it. -
H. Doc. 108-222
THIRTIETH CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1847, TO MARCH 3, 1849 FIRST SESSION—December 6, 1847, to August 14, 1848 SECOND SESSION—December 4, 1848, to March 3, 1849 VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—GEORGE M. DALLAS, of Pennsylvania PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—DAVID R. ATCHISON, 1 of Missouri SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—ASBURY DICKINS, 2 of North Carolina SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE SENATE—ROBERT BEALE, of Virginia SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—ROBERT C. WINTHROP, 3 of Massachusetts CLERK OF THE HOUSE—BENJAMIN B. FRENCH, of New Hampshire; THOMAS J. CAMPBELL, 4 of Tennessee SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE HOUSE—NEWTON LANE, of Kentucky; NATHAN SARGENT, 5 of Vermont DOORKEEPER OF THE HOUSE—ROBERT E. HORNER, of New Jersey ALABAMA CONNECTICUT GEORGIA SENATORS SENATORS SENATORS 14 Arthur P. Bagby, 6 Tuscaloosa Jabez W. Huntington, Norwich Walter T. Colquitt, 18 Columbus Roger S. Baldwin, 15 New Haven 19 William R. King, 7 Selma Herschel V. Johnson, Milledgeville John M. Niles, Hartford Dixon H. Lewis, 8 Lowndesboro John Macpherson Berrien, 20 Savannah REPRESENTATIVES Benjamin Fitzgerald, 9 Wetumpka REPRESENTATIVES James Dixon, Hartford Thomas Butler King, Frederica REPRESENTATIVES Samuel D. Hubbard, Middletown John Gayle, Mobile John A. Rockwell, Norwich Alfred Iverson, Columbus Henry W. Hilliard, Montgomery Truman Smith, Litchfield John W. Jones, Griffin Sampson W. Harris, Wetumpka Hugh A. Haralson, Lagrange Samuel W. Inge, Livingston DELAWARE John H. Lumpkin, Rome George S. Houston, Athens SENATORS Howell Cobb, Athens Williamson R. W. Cobb, Bellefonte John M. Clayton, 16 New Castle Alexander H. Stephens, Crawfordville Franklin W. Bowdon, Talladega John Wales, 17 Wilmington Robert Toombs, Washington Presley Spruance, Smyrna ILLINOIS ARKANSAS REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE John W. -
House of Representatives
RULES AND ORDERS TO BE OBSERVED IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE ©ommontotaltij of iHassatJjusms, FOR THE YEAR 1841. PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE HOUSE, BOSTON: DUTTON AND WENTWORTH, STATE PRINTERS. 1841. SSuIes ami Orders o f the Mouse. CHAPTER I. O f the Duties and Powers of the Speaker. I. T he Speaker shall take the Chair every day at the hour to which the House shall have adjourned; shall call the Members to order; and, on the ap pearance of a quorum, shall proceed to business. II. He shall preserve decorum and order; may speak to points of order in preference to other Members ; and shall decide all questions of order, subject to an appeal to the House by motion regularly seconded; and no other business shall be in order till the ques tion on the appeal shall have been decided. III. He shall declare all votes, but if any Member rises to doubt a vote, the Speaker shall order a re turn of the number voting in the affirmative, and in the negative, without any further debate upon the question. IV. He shall rise to put a question, or to address the House, but may read sitting. V. In all cases the Speaker may vote. VI. When the House shall determine to go into a Committee of the whole House, the Speaker shall appoint the Member who shall take the Chair. VII. On all questions and motions whatsoever, the Speaker shall take the sense of the House by yeas 4 Duties o f the Speaker. Ch. -
H. Doc. 108-222
EIGHTEENTH CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1823, TO MARCH 3, 1825 FIRST SESSION—December 1, 1823, to May 27, 1824 SECOND SESSION—December 6, 1824, to March 3, 1825 VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—DANIEL D. TOMPKINS, of New York PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—JOHN GAILLARD, 1 of South Carolina SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—CHARLES CUTTS, of New Hampshire SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE SENATE—MOUNTJOY BAYLY, of Maryland SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—HENRY CLAY, 2 of Kentucky CLERK OF THE HOUSE—MATTHEW ST. CLAIR CLARKE, 3 of Pennsylvania SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE HOUSE—THOMAS DUNN, of Maryland; JOHN O. DUNN, 4 of District of Columbia DOORKEEPER OF THE HOUSE—BENJAMIN BIRCH, of Maryland ALABAMA GEORGIA Waller Taylor, Vincennes SENATORS SENATORS REPRESENTATIVES William R. King, Cahaba John Elliott, Sunbury Jonathan Jennings, Charlestown William Kelly, Huntsville Nicholas Ware, 8 Richmond John Test, Brookville REPRESENTATIVES Thomas W. Cobb, 9 Greensboro William Prince, 14 Princeton John McKee, Tuscaloosa REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE Gabriel Moore, Huntsville Jacob Call, 15 Princeton George W. Owen, Claiborne Joel Abbot, Washington George Cary, Appling CONNECTICUT Thomas W. Cobb, 10 Greensboro KENTUCKY 11 SENATORS Richard H. Wilde, Augusta SENATORS James Lanman, Norwich Alfred Cuthbert, Eatonton Elijah Boardman, 5 Litchfield John Forsyth, Augusta Richard M. Johnson, Great Crossings Henry W. Edwards, 6 New Haven Edward F. Tattnall, Savannah Isham Talbot, Frankfort REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE Wiley Thompson, Elberton REPRESENTATIVES Noyes Barber, Groton Samuel A. Foote, Cheshire ILLINOIS Richard A. Buckner, Greensburg Ansel Sterling, Sharon SENATORS Henry Clay, Lexington Ebenezer Stoddard, Woodstock Jesse B. Thomas, Edwardsville Robert P. Henry, Hopkinsville Gideon Tomlinson, Fairfield Ninian Edwards, 12 Edwardsville Francis Johnson, Bowling Green Lemuel Whitman, Farmington John McLean, 13 Shawneetown John T. -
<Kommontoaitij of Fhiissacijusms
RULES AND ORDERS, TO BE OBSERVED IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES O F T H E <Kommontoaitij of fHiissacijusms, f o b THE YEAR 1837. PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE HOUSE. BOSTON: DUTTON AND WENTWORTH, STATE PRINTERS. 1337. Knies and Orders o f the House. C H A P T E R I. O f the Duties and Powers o f the Speaker. I. T h e Speaker shall take the Chair every day at the hour to which the House shall have adjourned ; shall call the Members to order; and, on the appear ance o f a quorum, shall proceed to business. II. He shall preserve decorum and order; may speak to points o f order in preference to other Members ; and shall decide all questions o f order, subject to an appeal to the House on motion regularly seconded. III. He shall declare all votes; but if any Member rises to doubt a vote, the Speaker shall order a re turn o f the number voting in the affirmative, and in the negative, without any further debate upon the question. IV. He shall rise to put a question, or to address the House, but may read sitting. V. In all cases the Speaker may vote. VI. When the House shall determine to go into a Committee o f the whole House, the Speaker shall appoint the Member who shall take the Chair. VII. When any Member shall require a question to be determined by yeas and nays, the Speaker shall take the sense o f the House in that manner, provided one third o f the members present are in favor o f it 4 Duties o f the Speaker. -
“The Wisest Radical of All”: Reelection (September-November, 1864)
Chapter Thirty-four “The Wisest Radical of All”: Reelection (September-November, 1864) The political tide began turning on August 29 when the Democratic national convention met in Chicago, where Peace Democrats were unwilling to remain in the background. Lincoln had accurately predicted that the delegates “must nominate a Peace Democrat on a war platform, or a War Democrat on a peace platform; and I personally can’t say that I care much which they do.”1 The convention took the latter course, nominating George McClellan for president and adopting a platform which declared the war “four years of failure” and demanded that “immediate efforts be made for a cessation of hostilities, with a view to an ultimate convention of the states, or other peaceable means, to the end that, at the earliest practicable moment, peace may be restored on the basis of the Federal Union of the States.” This “peace plank,” the handiwork of Clement L. Vallandigham, implicitly rejected Lincoln’s Niagara Manifesto; the Democrats would require only union as a condition for peace, whereas the Republicans insisted on union and emancipation. The platform also called for the restoration of “the rights of the States 1 Noah Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, ed. Herbert Mitgang (1895; Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971), 164. 3726 Michael Burlingame – Abraham Lincoln: A Life – Vol. 2, Chapter 34 unimpaired,” which implied the preservation of slavery.2 As McClellan’s running mate, the delegates chose Ohio Congressman George Pendleton, a thoroughgoing opponent of the war who had voted against supplies for the army. As the nation waited day after day to see how McClellan would react, Lincoln wittily opined that Little Mac “must be intrenching.” More seriously, he added that the general “doesn’t know yet whether he will accept or decline. -
Ocm08458220-1834.Pdf (12.15Mb)
317.3M31 A 4^CHTVES ^K REGISTER, ^ AND 18S4. ALSO CITY OFFICEKS IN BOSTON, AND OTHKR USEFUL INFORMATION. BOSTON: JAMES LORING, 132 WASHINGTON STREET. — — ECLIPSES IN 1834. There will be five Eclipses this year, three of ike Svtf, and two of tht Moon, as follows, viz;— I. The first will be of the Sun, January, 9th day, 6h. 26m. eve. invisible. II. The second will likewise be of the Sun, June, 7th day, 5h. 12m. morning invisible. III. The third will be of the Moorr, June, 21st day, visible and total. Beginning Ih 52m. ^ Beginning of total darkness 2 55 / Middle 3 38 V, Appar. time End of total darkness (Moon sets). ..4 18 C morn. End of the Eclipse 5 21 j IV. The fourth will be a remarkable eclipse of the Sun, Sunday, the 30th day of November, visible, as follows, viz : Beginning Ih. 21m. J Greatest obscurity 2 40 fAppar. time End 3 51 ( even. Duration 2 30 * Digits eclipsed 10 deg. 21m. on the Sun's south limb. *** The Sun will be totally eclipsed in Mississippi, Alabama Georgia, South Carolina. At Charleston, the Sun will be totally eclipsed nearly a minute and a half. V. The fifth will be of the Moon, December 15th and I6th days, visible as follows viz : Beginning 15th d. lOli. Q2m. ) Appar. time Middle 16 5 > even. End 1 30 ) Appar. morn. Digits eclipsed 8 deg. 10m. (JU* The Compiler of the Register has endeavoured to be accurate in all the statements and names which it contains ; but when the difficulties in such a compilation are considered, and the constant changes which are occur- ring, by new elections, deaths, &c.