11/13/2009 disease prone & over planted Bad, Ugly and Good Barb Larson, Horticulture Educator Colorado & Norway spruces Stress related Too wet/dry heat Usually starts at bottom Slowly die Spruce Colorado spruce Colorado/blue ? Cause Engelmann, Serbian, black Reduce stress Sometimes Remove branches Pines: Austrian, mugo, eastern white Douglasfir, balsam fir, hemlock 1 11/13/2009 Over planted, disease prone, insect ridden Needles Purplish brown Older needles Lower part of tree Rows of black dots Primarily Austrian pine Also Scotch, mugo, red, jack Tip dieback Twig cankers with resin Survives on shoots and cones Austrian pine Austrian & Scotch pines extremely Larvae (borers) into susceptable branch whorls and tips Photo: Iowa State University Needle tip brown, “Dirty” resin masses inner green Trunk and branches can Needle banding break 2 11/13/2009 Infested trees Infested branch Photo: Plant and Pest Digital Library Purdue University Bark beetle trails Emergence holes Disease alternative host 3 main types of cedar rust diseases- (fungus needs 2 hosts to survive) 1. Cedar-apple rust 2. Cedar- hawthorn rust 3. Cedar- quince rust Paul Drobot, UW-Stevens Point 3 11/13/2009 Disease – tip blights J. horizontalis very susceptible Infects new or year old growth Stem cankers Phomopsis branch Cornell University death Increased in damage branches (pruning, winter injury) University of Illinois Other conifer problems Damaged Undamaged 4 11/13/2009 Feeding damage and eggs Desiccation Late frost Yew Juniper 5 11/13/2009 6 11/13/2009 7 11/13/2009 Choose based on mature size Use garden conifers Remember plant form Replace as needed Most oversized conifers cannot be significantly reduced in size Timing Most after new growth Junipers & arborvitae – major pruning March 8 11/13/2009 Full Sun Full Sun Shade Shade Cold hardiness zone Well Moist Well Moist Sun or shade Drained Drained Juniper Larch Yew Arborvitae Soil type Drainage Pine False Hemlock Cypress pH Spruce Bald Cypress Other elements in landscape Fir Downspouts, power lines Douglasfir Other plants Growth rate 9 11/13/2009 “The Big Five” Fir ( Abies ) Pines ( Pinus ) Larch ( Larix ) Hemlock ( Tsuga ) Spruce ( Picea ) Needles in clusters Douglasfir (Pseudotsuga ) Juniper ( Juniperus ) (fascicles) of 2, 3, 5 False Cypress Arborvitae ( Thuja ) (Chamaecyparis ) Needle length used Yew ( Taxus ) Baldcypress (Taxodium ) in identification Dawn Redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides ) Leaves: 1-3” long; blue- Leaves: 4-6” long, green, stiff and slender and flexible but definitely twisted break when bent Habit: young – irregular sharply, medium to light pyramid; older – open, green in summer flat topped Habit: oval; needles tufted at ends of Do Not Plant branches Best for native landscapes Leaves: 4-6’ long, very stout and stiff, Bark: gray to gray brown dark green, when mottled bent sharply the Cone: solitary or in needles bend but do clusters, 2-3” long, scales not break often ends in prickle Habit: young – dense pyramidal; older – broad, flat topped Do Not Plant 10 11/13/2009 Leaves: 1-2’ long, stiff, Leaves: 3-5’ long, slender, medium to dark green, very soft bluish green stomatic lines on both Habit: young – soft pyramidal; older – plume surfaces like with horizontal and Habit: shrubby ascending branches Cones: solitary or 2-3 in Cones: 6-8’ long, resinous a cluster, 1-2” long and light brown, often curved Too large for most urban landscapes Individually attached needles Flat needles usually Needles whorled on spurs whitish underneath (attached in clusters of 10- 40) Needles leave slight Deciduous depression (smooth) Upright cones drop intact when removed Problem: Japanese beetles Cones upright Cones shatter when mature Leaves: 5/8-1” long, upper surface shiny, Leaves: glaucous, dark green, lower bluish green, 1-3 surface with 2 gray inches long, bands, tip of the needle flattened, curving slightly notched, upwards needles arranged in two Habit: conical ranks Bark: smooth dull green Best urban fir with raised resinous blisters Cones: 2-4 inches long 11 11/13/2009 Leaves: ½-1” long, Individual needles dark green, 4-sided Square needles with Fruit: cones sharp ends cylindrical, Needles leave “stubs” pendulous, 4-6”, when removed scales undulate Cones hang downward Cones fall intact Picea pungens 'Walnut Glen' Leaves: green, bluish or silvery, very sharp pointed Forma ‘Glauca’ “Blue Spruce” - needles have blue cast, but intensity of the blue varies Fruit: 2-4” light brown; scales puckered at edges Do Not Plant Leaves: pale green, ½ - 1” long, apex of needle somewhat sharply slower growing pointed;strong odor when crushed more compact tree, Habit: young – dense with bright or bluish pyramidal; older – green needles narrow upright, dense; branches horizontal to good urban tree ascending Fruit: cones; 1-2 ½ “ long, light brown when mature 12 11/13/2009 Leaves: needles, flattened with a blunt tip, soft, 1-1 ½” long Pseudotsuga menziesii ''Wycoff'sWycoff's Big Blue' Fruit: cones, 2-4” long with 3 pointed bract extending beyond the scales Small flat needles with Needle like leaves 2 white bands on Flattened, dark green on underside top, lighter green Small cones underneath Shade, cool, moist Dioecious Fruit: pink-red fleshy aril not enclosing seed Very sensitive to poor drainage Soft, flat, featherlike foliage Soft flat feathery needles Oppositely attached to branch Alternately attached to branch Pendulous cones Rounded cones Zone 5? Zone 4 Japanese beetles Alkaline soil chlorosis 13 11/13/2009 Usually mixture of overlapping awl-like and scale-like foliage Foliage sprays not flattened Dioecious Round to ovoid fleshy “berries” Foliage mostly scale- like, blunt, dark green Flattened branchlets Cones oval Scale-like or needle-like foliage Flattened branchlets Round cones Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Nana LuteaLutea'' 14 11/13/2009 Dwarf defined as anything smaller than “normal” Category Growth/Year At 10 Years Better defined as slow growing Miniature Less than 1 inchLess than 1 foot Dwarf 11--66 inches 11--55 feet Intermediate 66--1212 inches 55--1212 feet Large 12 inches or 12 feet or more more Globose - rounded Pendulous - weeping branches Narrow Upright – taller than broad, columnar Broad Upright – any upright not in above Prostrate - ground hugging Spreading – wider than tall Irregular – erratic growth pattern Culturally Altered - pruned or trained into formal or imaginative shapes Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Cream Ball' Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Tsuga canadensis f. pendula 'Green Arrow' Taxus x media 'Sentinalis' Chamaecyparis pisifera'Golden Mop‘ 15 11/13/2009 Thuja occidentalis 'Gold Drop‘ Pinus sylvestris 'Hillside Creeper‘ Juniperus horizontalis 'Mother Lode' Thuja occidentalis 'Columbia' Picea bicolor ‘Howell’s Dwarf ’ reversion Picea glauca ‘Echiniformis’ Pinus banksiana 'Uncle Fogy‘ Pseudotsuga menziesii Taxodium distichum 'Secrest‘ ‘Graceful Grace’ 16 11/13/2009 17 11/13/2009 18.