DOCSLIB.ORG

Downloads/In%20 Amenas%20Report.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Downloads/In%20 Amenas%20Report.Pdf Key Risks Companies Face in Petroleum Investment and Operations Bud Coote and Karl V. Hopkins ISBN: 978-1-61977-442-1 Cover photo: Reuters/Ako Rasheed. The Bai Hassan oil facility inside Kurdish-controlled areas in northern Iraq after an attack by militants in July 2016. This report is written and published in accordance with the Atlantic Council Policy on Intellectual Independence. The authors are solely responsible for its analysis and recommendations. The Atlantic Council and its donors do not determine, nor do they necessarily endorse or advocate for, any of this report’s conclusions. January 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 2 Rule of Law ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Sanctity of Contracts .................................................................................................................. 4 Infrastructure Risk ........................................................................................................................ 5 Personnel Security ....................................................................................................................... 12 Political Criticism and Reputational Risks ........................................................................... 13 Financial Risks ............................................................................................................................... 15 Corruption ....................................................................................................................................... 17 Cyberattacks .................................................................................................................................. 19 Populism .......................................................................................................................................... 21 Conclusions and Implications .................................................................................................. 23 About the Authors ....................................................................................................................... 24 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................... 24 Key Risks Companies Face in Petroleum Investment and Operations EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report is a collaboration between Dentons and the and risks of government-imposed sanctions, which Atlantic Council that provides analysis on the array of can accentuate market swings before the markets risks and uncertainties faced by international energy can self-correct. As investors increasingly look firms investing in and operating energy projects toward developing economies for resources, they worldwide. It focuses on lessons learned from a variety face questions about the rule of law and sanctity of of experiences and offers risk mitigation options. contract in countries with unproven track records. Lessons from past expropriations, revolutions, and Risk and uncertainty pervade decisions on petroleum expulsions of companies in Mexico, Iran, Libya, and investments and operations, raising the stakes for Venezuela still reverberate. companies committing to multibillion dollar contracts often extending twenty or more years. The array of risk “Resource nationalism” also continues in the form factors is diverse, requiring multidisciplinary analysis of increased government shares of oil profits and to decipher. New risks arise and others expand, raising expanded local content requirements for host country the breadth and depth of challenges facing energy equipment and services companies. In the case of operators. “The risk model has changed. It used to many developing economies, oil wealth has proved be that the risk of physically getting hydrocarbons difficult to manage, and the revenues become a out of the ground profitably was the principal driver. source of power for authoritarian rulers, corruption, But now it requires understanding, analyzing, and and instability. These ingredients are commonly balancing a host of integrated issues and addressing associated with failed states or failing states, which them with a holistic approach that involves everyone do not represent sound investments. from board members through laborers, contractors, and subcontractors.”1 Some of the relatively new risk factors companies face include terrorism, cyberattacks, and reputational To share these risks, there are trends toward the risks caused, for example, by political criticism from consolidation of major international oil companies nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and other into supermajors, growth in state-owned companies private sources. A major cyberattack on western including national oil companies, and greater Ukraine’s power grid in December 2015 provided a collaboration on major projects worldwide including vivid view of the widespread damage cyber warfare joint projects between international oil companies can inflict. and national oil companies. “There is no silver bullet approach to risk. Every country presents a different Infrastructure and personnel attacks are long-enduring environment with different challenges. And companies risks with additional threats from terrorists and cyber will have different appetites for risk and different warfare. A Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) report experiences and resources to manage them.”2 on infrastructure vulnerability issues during the Iran- Iraq war and a Statoil report on its investigation of Uncertainty fuels market volatility and vice versa. The the terrorist attack on the In Amenas gas processing energy industry is prone to cycles as major investments facility in Algeria showed the dangerous threats ebb and flow with price changes, concerns about militants pose to infrastructure and personnel security. future demand growth, new environmental regulations, Climate change concerns and related policy adjustments could alter the calculus for hydrocarbon 1 Karl V. Hopkins, partner and global chief security officer, investment and development, although such risks are Dentons, from an Atlantic Council Global Energy Center likely to be gradual. Populism also adds to political conference with Dentons’ security experts, November 28, 2016. risk and uncertainty and can have dramatic impacts 2 Arkadiusz Krasnodębski, Head of the Energy and Natural Resources practice team in Poland and Europe, Dentons, from on the investment decisions and finances of energy an Atlantic Council Global Energy Center conference with companies. Dentons’ security experts, November 28, 2016. ATLANTIC COUNCIL 1 Key Risks Companies Face in Petroleum Investment and Operations INTRODUCTION This report will examine key risk factors that influence as a risk that cuts across many of the eight categories energy investment and operations worldwide and of risk listed above. This organization allows us to drill identify possible ways to mitigate risks and reduce more deeply into the key risks. In fact, they are all uncertainty. Their impact has risen in importance in interrelated and need to be appreciated and treated recent years as energy companies have invested in as such in any effective risk management program. more developing countries, violence has grown more widespread, environmental and human rights issues Various case studies including the examination of the have generated political criticism of companies, and February 24, 2006, terrorist attack on Abqaiq in Saudi oil prices have fallen. Arabia; the January 16, 2013, terrorist attack on In Amenas in Algeria; the security approach to the Baku- The report will look at eight categories of risk: rule of Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline constructed between April law, sanctity of contract, infrastructure risk, personnel 2003 and June 2006; pipeline disruptions in Nigeria; security, political criticism and reputational risks, the Iran-Iraq war from September 1980 to August financial risks, corruption, and cyberattacks. Climate 1988; the first Persian Gulf war with Iraq that began change-related risk is addressed primarily as a financial in August 1990; and the conflict in Iraq beginning in risk, and the risk posed by populist movements in March 2003 will be examined for lessons. petroleum-producing countries is treated separately RULE OF LAW Adherence to rule of law is critical to support confidence stakeholders in the Trans-Anatolian Pipeline (TANAP) and investments in long-term, high capital-cost projects agreed that their relationship would be based on Swiss in the petroleum industry, but it is undermined by law rather than Turkish law.4 poor governance. Risks are often most significant in developing countries with a high dependence on “Arbitration rights offer an added degree of protection oil and gas revenues, weak public institutions, and a to companies, but this also can be undermined when poor record in enforcing the rule of law. A country’s dealing with a government that does not enforce high dependence on oil and gas revenues provides a the outcome. An important means of strengthening stronger incentive for governments to try to improve the role of arbitration is to have a government-to- its share of revenues through
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Shell U.K. Limited Brent Remote Flare Decommissioning Programme and Revision to the Brent Spar Decommissioning Programme (Anchor
    Shell U.K. Limited May 2004 Brent Remote Flare Decommissioning Programme and Revision to the Brent Spar Decommissioning Programme (Anchor Blocks) SUBMISSION TO DTI & THE SECRETARY OF STATE, MINISTRY OF TRADE & INDUSTRY Keywords: Decommissioning, Remote Flare, Anchor Blocks, Brent This document is the property of Shell U.K. Limited, and the copyright therein is vested in Shell U.K. Limited. All rights reserved. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic recording or otherwise) without prior written consent of the copyright owner. Brent Remote Flare Decommissioning Programme & Revision to the Brent Spar Decommissioning Programme (Anchor Blocks) Page i 1 Contents 1 Contents ........................................................................................................................................................i 2 Introduction..................................................................................................................................................1 3 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................3 4 Items To Be Decommissioned ...................................................................................................................4 4.1Remote Flare............................................................................................................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • 4. Embedding Human Rights Mechanisms Within Shell Headquarters
    4. Embedding within Shell Headquarters 4. Embedding human rights mechanisms within Shell Headquarters This first empirical chapter describes and analyses the process of embedding (implementation and internalisation) of the human rights mechanisms within the Headquarters of Shell1. This way, an answer is provided to the first research question (identifying the mechanisms of embedding human rights) by providing an analysis about the mechanisms through which Shell Headquarters embeds human rights in its policies and procedures. In addition, the degree of implementation and internalisation of human rights is also determined at Shell Headquarters level (second research question). Finally, by describing the process of implementation and internalisation, this chapter also provides more insight in explaining the degree of implementation and internalisation of these human rights mechanisms within Shell Headquarters (third research question). The chapter starts with explaining the use of data (section 4.1), after which the overall policy and objectives of the company (section 4.2) and the company’s approaches to embed human rights (section 4.3). Section 4.4 will introduce the Shell Group’s management system, after which sections 4.5 to 4.10 will then analyse how human rights is embedded according to Shell’s spheres of influence: employees (section 4.5), contractors (section 4.6), security forces (section 4.7), communities (section 4.8), government (section 4.9) and the international society (section 4.10). Section 4.11 continues the analysis with determining the degree of internalisation of human rights in Shell Headquarters. The chapter ends with a short summary and initial conclusion in section 4.12.
    [Show full text]
  • Power & Politics
    POWER & POLITICS Langone (Draft) MGMT-GB.3366.10 Fall 2017 Professor R. Kabaliswaran Office: KMC 7-56 Class: KMC 4-80 E-mail: [email protected] (best way to reach me) Class Hours: W 6:00:9:00. Dates: 9/27-12/20. Office Hours: Usually an hour before class and by appointment Deliverables: My Constituency Map due session 7. One individual midterm case report due session 9. Class Reflection Journal: Do each session on previous session’s case/s and discussion. Put it all together , broken by session, and post as ONE word document before last class session. No need for journal write up on content of midterm case session and the last session. One take-home final due last session. Welcome to the elective course in Power & Politics! Course Theme Politics is not a dirty word! We just got to learn how to play good politics and keep out bad politics. By the same logic, power by itself does not necessarily corrupt though absolute power may corrupt absolutely. In other words, this course is about how to conquer the world, or at least survive the corporate jungle, without losing our soul. Even if you don’t want to play politics, good or bad, you still need the skills from this course to ensure that you don’t become a victim of politics. Course Objectives • Understanding what power is: People often have a misperception of what power, the basis of political behavior, really means. By the end of this course you should be able to have not only a conceptual understanding of what power is within an organizational context but a practical grasp of what the actual sources of power are.
    [Show full text]
  • Coral Growing on North Sea Oil Rigs These Installations Are Home to Thriving Colonies of an Endangered Cold-Water Coral
    brief communications Coral growing on North Sea oil rigs These installations are home to thriving colonies of an endangered cold-water coral. his summer the coral Lophelia pertusa The occurrence of the coral raises ques- was found growing on oil platforms in tions about how to deal with this species, Tthe North Sea and on the Brent Spar which is listed under the Convention on oil-storage buoy during its decommission- International Trade in Endangered Species ing. The findings indicate that Lophelia has a (CITES), when platforms are decommis- wider distribution and a more rapid rate of sioned. At a meeting in Sintra in 1998 of growth than previously believed. The dis- countries belonging to the Oslo–Paris covery also has implications for the debate (Ospar) convention on protecting the over oil exploration in the Atlantic Ocean marine environment, Ospar decision 98/3 and the perceived benefits of onshore dis- indicated that the ‘footings’ of large plat- mantling of deep-water platforms. forms (jacket weight of more than 10,000 When Brent Spar was raised out of the tonnes) might be left in place. Such an sea in stages for dismantling (Fig. 1), option would preserve existing colonies colonies of Lophelia of up to 20 cm linear Figure 1 The top of Brent Spar being removed from the Heerema and might allow Lophelia to spread in the growth were found on the sides and bot- heavy-lift barge during its dismantling in Yrkefjorden, Norway. North Sea. tom, which had been at depths of 60–109 Niall Bell, Jan Smith m.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Journal C 326 Volume 38 of the European Communities 6 December 1995
    ISSN 0378-6986 Official Journal C 326 Volume 38 of the European Communities 6 December 1995 English edition Information and Notices Notice No Contents Page I Information European Parliament Written Questions with answer 95/C 326/01 E-l 69/95 by Jean-Pierre Raffarin to the Council Subject : The European transport infrastructure scheme 1 95/C 326/02 E-375/95 by Nel van Dijk to the Council Subject : Regulation of the growing and distribution of cannabis in the Netherlands 1 95/C 326/03 E-452/95 by Pat Gallagher to the Council Subject : Audio-visual productions for minority languages 2 95/C 326/04 P-977/95 by Olli Rehn to the Council Subject : Combined/joint funding of projects in the case of Tacis and Interreg 2 95/C 326/05 E-1237/95 by Jose Valverde Lopez to the Council Subject : The European dimension in higher education 3 95/C 326/06 E-1533/95 by David Martin to the Council Subject : Council Presidency appearances at European Parliament 3 95/C 326/07 E-1618/95 by Gerard Deprez to the Council Subject : Double charge for private parcels from Alaska 3 95/C 326/08 E-1684/95 by Anita Pollack to the Council Subject : EU/Asia Summit 4 95/C 326/09 E-1697/95 by Christiane Taubira-Delannon to the Commission Subject : Environmental pollution by mercury and mercury poisoning of humans 5 95/C 326/10 E-1701/95 by Jacques Donnay to the Council Subject : Differences between Member States concerning the implementation of Community Directives 6 EN 2 ( Continued overleaf ) Notice No Contents ( continued ) Page 95/C 326/11 E-l 708/95 by Josu Imaz San Miguel
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
    INTRODUCTION To PetrOLEUM ENGINEERING INTRODUCTION TO PETROLEUM ENGINEERING JOHN R. FANCHI and RICHARD L. CHRISTIANSEN Copyright © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per‐copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750‐8400, fax (978) 750‐4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748‐6011, fax (201) 748‐6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring the Oil Vulnerability of Canadian Cities
    MEASURING THE OIL VULNERABILITY OF CANADIAN CITIES Ruby Socorro M. Arico M. Sc. in Industrial Engineering and Operations Research University of the Philippines, 1997 RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF URBAN STUDIES In the Urban Studies Program of Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences O Ruby Socorro M. Arico 2007 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2007 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Ruby Socorro M. Arico Degree: Master of Urban Studies Title of Research Project: Measuring the Oil Vulnerability of Canadian Cities Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Karen Ferguson Dr. Anthony Perl Professor and Director, Urban Studies Program Simon Fraser University Vancouver, British Columbia Senior Supervisor Dr. Meg C. Holden Assistant Professor, Urban Studies Program and Department of Geography Simon Fraser University Vancouver, British Columbia Supervisor Dr. Aprodicio Laquian, Member Professor Emeritus, Community and Regional Planning University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia External Examiner Date DefendedIApproved: DECLARATION OF PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENCE The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the
    [Show full text]
  • Megacities & Climate Change
    LEAD INTERNATIONAL SESSION WORKBOOK Megacities & Climate Change Sustainable Cities in a Changing World Mexico City 16 - 22 November 2008 Name: Inspiring leadership for a sustainable world Contents Introduction LEAD International Training Sessions 1 Overall Schedule 3 Welcome Letter: Boris Graizbord 5 Welcome Letter: Simon Lyster 9 Learning Journey 11 Mapping Your Learning Journey 13 Step By Step Guide to the International Session 23 Module Overview 29 Ways of Working 33 Thematic Learning Units 35 Adapting to Climate Change in Urban Areas 43 Sustainable Cities and the Millennium Development Goals 49 Re-engineering Cities: A Framework for Adaptation to Global Change 53 Mexico City: Growth at the Limit 63 Background Reading/Viewing List 65 Day 1 Session 1: Welcome and Keynote Address 71 Session 2: Megacities and Climate Change: Global, Regional and National Perspectives 73 World City Network: Studying Inter-City Flows Within Contemporary Globalisation 77 The Urban Revolution of the Twenty-first Century 89 New Approaches to Urban Governance in Latin America 93 Session 3: Getting To Know Each Other 103 Session 4: Introduction to the Working Groups and Tasks 107 Listening and Questioning Skills 109 Working Across Cultures 119 Day 2 Session 5: Introduction to the Thematic Panels 121 Water and Sanitation 123 The Urban Water Challenge 125 Mexico City Water Management Example 127 Transport and Urban Mobility 129 Sustainable Cities, Sustainable Transportation 131 Moving People - Making City 135 LEAD Associate Networking Fair 139 Contents Day 3 Session
    [Show full text]
  • Decommissioning in the UK
    OPRED Wendy Kennedy Vision and Objectives EUOAG 22 Offshore Petroleum Regulator for Environment & Decommissioning Chief Executive - Wendy Kennedy Based in Aberdeen OPRED’s aims are to regulate the offshore oil and gas industries in the context of sustainable development; to achieve improved regulatory compliance without imposing an undue burden on the industry but nevertheless ensuring that it limits taxpayer liability. OPRED is responsible for: • Developing, administering and enforcing the offshore oil and gas environmental regime (including offshore gas unloading and storage and carbon dioxide storage). • handling domestic and international policy relating to developing the environmental regulatory framework for offshore oil and gas. • the Department’s Strategic Environmental Assessment for offshore energy projects, which allows the Oil & Gas Authority (OGA) to conduct offshore licensing rounds and facilitates offshore renewable energy developments. • the oil and gas decommissioning regime and ensuring that the liability for such activity stays with the oil companies and does not transfer to the Department (total estimated cost currently sitting at £59 billion). What infrastructure is in the UKCS 470 Installations - 58 Licensed Operators • 10% floating • 30% subsea • 50% small steel • 10% large steel or concrete – potential derogations for abandonment Approximately 35,000 km pipelines • 10,000 km major pipelines International Rules Internationally, the UK has a number of obligations concerning the decommissioning of offshore installations. Geneva Convention 1958 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf. which determined that “any installations which are abandoned or disused must be entirely removed”. Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972 The "London Convention" for short, is one of the first global conventions to protect the marine environment from human activities and has been in force since 1975.
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking the Foundations of Global Corporate Success
    Corporate environmental sustainability costs). In the context of formal management systems and procedures, the firm may adopt externally developed tools where possible (e.g., the climate change impact measurement tools, developed by reputable audit companies, or the standardized trading processes introduced by intermediaries as in the case of carbon emission trading schemes). Finally, in the realm of strategic planning, senior management may monitor external developments on environmental mitigation policies and competitor strategies, but outsource all non-crisis environmental stakeholder management where possible (e.g., lobbying with industry associations). Especially given the sometimes high country and regional specificity of government environmental policies, the above strategy of outsourcing, while not a conventional FSA, will give the MNE flexibility, thereby reduc- ing bounded rationality and bounded reliability challenges in the environ- mental strategy sphere. It is indeed sometimes difficult to anticipate correctly when and how vote-needing politicians in several countries around the world will introduce specific, new environmental regulations, and what these regulations might entail substantively. In the face of this high political uncertainty, environmental complexity, and the substantial risk associated with making non-redeployable resource investments in the envi- ronmental sphere, reliance on external markets may be a wise strategy to pursue. Case 15B.1 Shell’s environmental management strategy CASE Since the early 1990s, Shell’s reputation has been battered by corporate social responsibility problems such as the Brent Spar controversy and the Ken Saro- Wiwa trial in Nigeria. (Ken Saro-Wiwa was the environmentalist who was hanged and whose death some attributed in part to Shell.) Shell gradually realized that dismissing environmental and social issues could seriously hurt its business.
    [Show full text]
  • The Brent Spar Syndrome
    SUBJECT: COUNTERSTRATEGIES AGAINST ONLINE ACTIVISM: THE BRENT SPAR SYNDROME FROM: EVELINE LUBBERS <[email protected]> DATE: TUE, 29 SEP 1998 08:43:16 +0200 (MET DST) Shell is not going to forget lightly its misadventures beaten in the new-media war. The Brent Spar with the Brent Spar. The Oil Major was taken by affair was one, but the Nigeria situation has also complete surprise when the Greenpeace campaign prompted a “massive on-line bombardment” of against sinking that former drill platform achieved criticism. To quote May: “There has been a shift in its goals. What happened to Shell can in fact hap- the balance of power, activists are no longer entire- pen to any corporation. Loosing control of the sit- ly dependent of the existing media. Shell learned it uation as result of the activities of a pressure group the hard way with the Brent Spar, when a lot of has become a nightmare scenario for the modern information was disseminated outside the regular multinational enterprise. channels.” The Brent Spar affair has brought quite some SHELL DID TOO LITTLE TOO LATE change of attitude to Shell. Ten years ago the The Oil Major’s first reactive measures have Multinational could afford to blatantly ignore cam- meanwhile become the perfect example of how paigns against the South African Apartheid not to do it. But Shell has learned a lot as well. A regime. Although concerns were brewing in-house, comprehensive review of what has become known to the outside world Shell maintained that the as the PR disaster of the century indicates that campaigns against Apartheid were not significant- Shell had it all wrong about its own influence on ly damaging the company.
    [Show full text]
  • Worldwide Oil and Gas Platform Decommissioning: a Review of Practices and T Reefing Options ∗ Ann Scarborough Bull , Milton S
    Ocean and Coastal Management 168 (2019) 274–306 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ocean and Coastal Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ocecoaman Worldwide oil and gas platform decommissioning: A review of practices and T reefing options ∗ Ann Scarborough Bull , Milton S. Love Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93016, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Consideration of whether to completely remove an oil and gas production platform from the seafloor or to leave Decommissioning the submerged jacket as a reef is an imminent decision for California, as a number of offshore platforms in both Offshore platforms state and federal waters are in the early stages of decommissioning. Laws require that a platform at the end of its Rigs-to-reefs production life be totally removed unless the submerged jacket section continues as a reef under state spon- Artificial reefs sorship. Consideration of the eventual fate of the populations of fishes and invertebrates beneath platforms has led to global reefing of the jacket portion of platforms instead of removal at the time of decommissioning. The construction and use of artificial reefs are centuries old and global in nature using a great variety ofmaterials. The history that led to the reefing option for platforms begins in the mid-20th century in an effort forgeneral artificial reefs to provide both fishing opportunities and increase fisheries production for a burgeoning U.S. population. The trend toward reefing platforms at end of their lives followed after the oil and gas industry installed thousands of standing platforms in the Gulf of Mexico where they had become popular fishing desti- nations.
    [Show full text]