Rondo Form: Sonata Form (While there are many types of Rondo forms, this is the most classical. Note how simi Grew out of the Baroque binary dance form. lar it is to the sonata form)

• Binary || A || B || Many multi-movement pieces A B A C A B A I V V I would have 3-4 movements. The I V I ? I I I • Rounded Binary || A || B A’ || first and last were likely to be in I V V I Sonata form though they might (Sonata Form) (exposition) (development) (recapitulation) also be a theme and variations or A B C A B • Sonata Form || A B || development A B || a Sonata Rondo, less likely a I V ? I I

fugato. The Slow movement I V ? I I would be free or ABA. The

other movement would be a Typically, the sonata form has the following primary elements: minuet and trio. The following is A Rondo consists of a main theme (A) in the tonic key that alternates with other themes. Exposition: This presents the opening ideas of the piece. The first a list of multi movement works. theme is usually in the home key. The second theme is in another In the sonata rondo form the B musical theme takes the place of the second theme in the (those in italics normally omit key, often the dominant or relative Major. the minuet and trio move- exposition. The C theme is the development section. Some examples of movements in the

ment)—Concerto, Piano Quin- Rondo form include The exposition is followed by a development section which tends to tet, Piano Sonata, Piano Trio, be more chromatic, and works with the motivic elements of the ex- Sonata for solo instrument and position. piano, String Quartet, String

Quintet, String Trio, Symphony. The recapitulation brings back the themes from the exposition. However, this time the second theme is usually in the home key as well.

Theme and Variations

Minuet and Trio The theme and variations form continued in popularity from the Baroque era. In this form there is a principal theme, with at least a period structure (two phrases: the first usually ends on a half cadence. The second ends on a full cadence). The composer then does a series of variations on the theme, altering rhythms and textures, as well as mode The minuet and trio was made of which the first is played Followed once again by the and sometimes harmony. Some examples of pieces in the Theme and variations include of two binary form dances first with repeats after which first dance, this time without Beethoven’s Diabelli variations and Mozart’s | A | B| or rounded binary the second dance (trio) is repeats. | A | B A| played

Minuet Trio Minuet ||: A :||: B :|| ||: A :||: B :|| || A || B || to thechart. Glue thisdescriptionpagealongthetoponly up. folded upthe printing willstillberight side scription insuchawaythatwhenthepageis first pageofthesetwo in theappropriateboxonchart.Glue Glue thesecondoftheseliteratureexamples two pageswithexamples from theliterature. cover pageexplainingtheform followedby Cut outeach ofthesquares.Eachformhasa light colorfor some variation). (they may becopiedonwhitepaperora ished form Copyeachofthesepages chart. The previouspageshowsthelookof thefin-

Minuet and Trio

The minuet and trio was made of which the first is played Followed once again by the of two binary form dances first with repeats after which first dance, this time without pages totheform de- | A | B| or rounded binary the second dance (trio) is repeats. | A | B A| played

Minuet Trio Minuet ||: A :||: B :|| ||: A :||: B :|| || A || B ||

Rondo Form: (While there are many types of Rondo forms, this is the most classical. Note how simi Theme and Variations lar it is to the sonata form)

A B A C A B A The theme and variations form continued in popularity from the Baroque era. In this I V I ? I I I form there is a principal theme, with at least a period structure (two phrases: the first usually ends on a half cadence. The second ends on a full cadence). The composer then (Sonata Form) (exposition) (development) (recapitulation) A B C A B does a series of variations on the theme, altering rhythms and textures, as well as mode I V ? I I and sometimes harmony. Some examples of pieces in the Theme and variations include Beethoven’s Diabelli variations and Mozart’s piano sonata k284. A Rondo consists of a main theme (A) in the tonic key that alternates with other themes. In the sonata rondo form the B musical theme takes the place of the second theme in the exposition. The C theme is the development section. Some examples of movements in the Rondo form include Beethoven Sonata Rondo Pathetique Sonata in cm

Exposition Measure 171 A theme in cm in cm A theme 171 Measure Measure 79 Theme C 79 Theme Measure e themes from the exposition. the exposition. from themes e Measure 154 Measure in cm B theme Sonata Form Sonata Form Theme A cm A cm Theme Binary Binary Rounded Binary || B || || A Sonata Form || A’ B || || A || B A || development B || A Recapitulation Development Section Development Section • • elements:following the has primary Typically,sonata the form first The piece. the of ideas opening the Exposition: This presents I V V I is usuallytheme key. inhome The the is in second another theme key, often the dominant or relative Major. I V V I The exposition is followed a developmentby section tends which to be chromatic, more and works with elements motivic of the the ex- I I ? V I position. brings back th The recapitulation Grew out of the Baroque binary dance form. form. dance binary Baroque the of out Grew • key as home in the is usually the second theme time this However, well. Measure 43 Theme B EbM 43 Theme Measure Measure 61 Theme A returns in cm in cm A returns 61 Theme Measure MeasureA 120 returns Beethoven Minuet and Trio from Sonata fm Op. 2#1

Sonata Form Mozart Sonata in FM K280

Theme A in FM Exposition

Measure 27 Theme B in CM (Dominant) Development section (measure 57)

Measure 83 Theme A returns in F Major Recapitulation

Measure 109 Theme B returns in FM

Mozart Piano Sonata in D Major K.284 movement 3 Many multi-movement pieces would have 3-4 movements. The first and last were likely to be in Sonata form though they might also be a theme and variations or Sonata form here a Sonata Rondo, less likely a fugato. The Slow movement would be free or ABA. The other movement would be a minuet and trio. The following is Rondo here a list of multi movement works. (those in italics normally omit the minuet and trio move- ment)—Concerto, Piano Quin- tet, Piano Sonata, Piano Trio, Sonata for solo instrument and piano, String Quartet, String Quintet, String Trio, Symphony.

Theme and Variations here

Minuet and Trio here