Hematology Ii
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only use Non-commercial 14th International Conference on Thalassaemia and Other Haemoglobinopathies 16th TIF Conference for Patients and Parents 17-19 November 2017 • Grand Hotel Palace, Thessaloniki, Greece only use For thalassemia patients with chronic transfusional iron overload... Make a lasting impression with EXJADENon-commercial film-coated tablets The efficacy of deferasirox in a convenient once-daily film-coated tablet Please see your local Novartis representative for Full Product Information Reference: EXJADE® film-coated tablets [EU Summary of Product Characteristics]. Novartis; August 2017. Important note: Before prescribing, consult full prescribing information. iron after having achieved a satisfactory body iron level and therefore retreatment cannot be recommended. ♦ Maximum daily dose is 14 mg/kg body weight. ♦ In pediatric patients the Presentation: Dispersible tablets containing 125 mg, 250 mg or 500 mg of deferasirox. dosing should not exceed 7 mg/kg; closer monitoring of LIC and serum ferritin is essential Film-coated tablets containing 90 mg, 180 mg or 360 mg of deferasirox. to avoid overchelation; in addition to monthly serum ferritin assessments, LIC should be Indications: For the treatment of chronic iron overload due to frequent blood transfusions monitored every 3 months when serum ferritin is ≤800 micrograms/l. (≥7 ml/kg/month of packed red blood cells) in patients with beta-thalassemia major aged Dosage: Special population ♦ In moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B) dose should 6 years and older. ♦ Also indicated for the treatment of chronic iron overload due to blood not exceed 50% of the normal dose. Should not be used in severe hepatic impairment transfusions when deferoxamine therapy is contraindicated or inadequate in the following (Child-Pugh C). -
Viral Hepatitis with Acute Hemoglobinuria
22 Case Report Viral Hepatitis with Acute Hemoglobinuria Jagabandhu Ghosh1 Joydeep Ghosh2 1 Department of Paediatrics, I.P.G.M.E.R and S.S.K.M Hospital, Kolkata, Address for correspondence Jagabandhu Ghosh, MD (PAED), Ushashi West Bengal, India Housing Society, 245 Vivekananda Road, Kolkata 700006, India 2 Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, (e-mail: [email protected]). Kolkata, West Bengal, India J Pediatr Infect Dis 2015;10:22–24. Abstract A 7-year-old male child presented with moderate degree fever, yellowish discoloration of eyes and urine. Examination on admission revealed severe anemia, jaundice, hepato- Keywords megaly, and splenomegaly. On the day following admission, the child showed evidence ► hepatitis of blackish discoloration of urine. The diagnosis was established as viral A hepatitis with ► G6PD glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. The child recovered with ► viral supportive therapy. We suggest that either universal immunization against hepatitis ► hemolysis A, or routine newborn screening for G6PD deficiency, could prevent the serious ► intravascular morbidity or mortality that can occur when these two conditions coexist. Introduction of eyes, and urine for the past 5 days before admission. There was no history of hematemesis, melena, or any other bleed- Acute viral hepatitis A is widely prevalent in India.1 Viral ing, swelling of body, convulsion, and drug ingestion just hepatitis is the leading of acute hepatitis in children in our before present illness or any previous blood transfusion. His country, and hepatitis A is the most common type of viral urine volume was satisfactory. On examination, the child was hepatitis. Hepatitis A does not commonly present with severe deeply icteric, severely anemic, and drowsy. -
Section 8: Hematology CHAPTER 47: ANEMIA
Section 8: Hematology CHAPTER 47: ANEMIA Q.1. A 56-year-old man presents with symptoms of severe dyspnea on exertion and fatigue. His laboratory values are as follows: Hemoglobin 6.0 g/dL (normal: 12–15 g/dL) Hematocrit 18% (normal: 36%–46%) RBC count 2 million/L (normal: 4–5.2 million/L) Reticulocyte count 3% (normal: 0.5%–1.5%) Which of the following caused this man’s anemia? A. Decreased red cell production B. Increased red cell destruction C. Acute blood loss (hemorrhage) D. There is insufficient information to make a determination Answer: A. This man presents with anemia and an elevated reticulocyte count which seems to suggest a hemolytic process. His reticulocyte count, however, has not been corrected for the degree of anemia he displays. This can be done by calculating his corrected reticulocyte count ([3% × (18%/45%)] = 1.2%), which is less than 2 and thus suggestive of a hypoproliferative process (decreased red cell production). Q.2. A 25-year-old man with pancytopenia undergoes bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, which reveals profound hypocellularity and virtual absence of hematopoietic cells. Cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow does not reveal any abnormalities. Despite red blood cell and platelet transfusions, his pancytopenia worsens. Histocompatibility testing of his only sister fails to reveal a match. What would be the most appropriate course of therapy? A. Antithymocyte globulin, cyclosporine, and prednisone B. Prednisone alone C. Supportive therapy with chronic blood and platelet transfusions only D. Methotrexate and prednisone E. Bone marrow transplant Answer: A. Although supportive care with transfusions is necessary for treating this patient with aplastic anemia, most cases are not self-limited. -
Tareq Al-Adaily Ibrahim Elhaj Ayah Fraihat Dana Alnasra Sheet
Anemia of decreased production II Sheet 3 – + Hemolytic anemia Dana Alnasra Ayah Fraihat Ibrahim Elhaj Tareq Al-adaily 0 **Flashback to previous lectures: − Anemia is the reduction of oxygen carrying capacity of blood secondary to a decrease in red cell mass. − We classified anemia according to cause into: 1. Anemia of blood loss (chronic and acute) 2. Anemia of decreased production 3. Hemolytic anemia − Then, we mentioned general causes for the anemia of decreased production, which are: nutritional deficiency, chronic inflammation, and bone marrow failure. We’ve already discussed the first two and now we will proceed to the last one. Anemias resulting from bone marrow failure: 1. Aplastic anemia 2. Pure red cell aplasia 3. Myelophthisic anemia 4. Myelodysplastic syndrome Other anemias of decreased production: 1. Anemia of renal failure 2. Anemia of liver disease 3. Anemia of hypothyroidism 00:00 1. Aplastic anemia Is a condition where the multipotent myeloid stem cells produced by the bone marrow are damaged. Remember: the bone marrow has stem cells called myeloid stem cells which eventually differentiate into erythrocytes, megakaryocytes (platelets), and myeloblasts (white blood cells). Notice that lymphocytes are not produced from the myeloid progenitor, therefore, they are not affected. depleted normal 1 | P a g e As a result, the bone marrow becomes depleted of hematopoietic cells. And this is reflected as peripheral blood pancytopenia (all blood cells -including reticulocytes- are decreased, with the exception of lymphocytes). Pathogenesis There are two forms of aplastic anemia according to pathogenesis: a. Acquired aplastic anemia It happens because of an extrinsic factor e.g. -
Study of Osmotic Fragility Status of Red Blood Cell in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients
European Journal of Environment and Public Health, 2017, 1(2), 06 ISSN: 2468-1997 Study of Osmotic Fragility Status of Red Blood Cell in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients Nihad Rownak1, Shahin Akhter2, Monira Khatun3, Sohel Baksh4, Shafquat Rafiq5*, Mushfiqur Rahman6 1 Department of Physiology, University of Science & Technology Chittagong, BANGLADESH 2 Department of Physiology, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong, BANGLADESH 3 Department of Physiology, Chattagram Maa O Shishu Hospital Medical College, Chittagong, BANGLADESH 4 Department of Physiology, Cox’s Bazar Medical College, BANGLADESH 5 Croydon University Hospital NHS Trust, UNITED KINGDOM 6 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong, BANGLADESH *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Citation: Rownak, N., Akhter, S., Khatun, M., Baksh, S., Rafiq, S., and Rahman, M. (2017). Study of Osmotic Fragility Status of Red Blood Cell in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients. European Journal of Environment and Public Health, 1(2), 06. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejeph/77094 Published: December 28, 2017 ABSTRACT Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases in the world. Cell membrane injury is an important mechanism for pathophysoilogical changes in DM. Osmotic fragility (OF) status of Red blood cell (RBC) in hyperglycemic patients is expected to be increased. This study was conducted in Chittagong medical college hospital and Chittagong Diabetic Hospital from January 2015 to December 2015. 100 newly diagnosed (duration ≤ 3 years) type II diabetes mellitus patients (Fasting blood glucose is ≥7 mmol/L) were selected as cases. Age, sex and BMI matched 100 healthy subjects were included as control. OF of RBC was measured by traditional method with a series of hypotonic solution of NaCl of different strength in twelve test tubes numbered serially. -
47 Effect of Gavage Treatment with Pulverised
47 Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences 24 (1): 47-52 © Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2009 Available online/abstracted at http://www.biolineinternational.org.br/nps; www.ajol.info/journals.njps; www.cas.org EFFECT OF GAVAGE TREATMENT WITH PULVERISED GARCINIA KOLA SEEDS ON ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE INTEGRITY AND SELECTED HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES IN MALE ALBINO WISTAR RATS A. A. AHUMIBE AND V. B. BRAIDE* Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Medical sciences, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel.:+2348034048101 Summary: This study examines the effect of the whole seed of Garcinia kola (GKS ) on various blood parameters, in adult male albino rats. Five groups, of 6 animals per group, were treated by gavage with suspensions of graded concentrations of GKS daily for 5 weeks. The animals were then sacrificed and blood was obtained for estimation of the data herein presented. Packed red cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), and red blood cell count (RBC) showed significantly (P < 0.05, Student’s t-test) increased response to treatment with GKS; while the platelet and white blood cell (WBC) counts showed no corresponding increase with increasing GKS dosage. The mean red blood cell volume (MCV) and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) levels decreased with increasing GKS dosage. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APPT) were both prolonged with increased GKS dosage; while the serum lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) decreased significantly (P< 0.05, Student’s t-test) with increased GKS dosage. Key Words: Garcinia kola; erythrocyte osmotic fragility; haematological parameters; serum cholesterol triglycerides Introduction One of many plant sources of therapeutic 2000); hypoglycaemic anti-diabetic activity (Iwu et ingredient among the people in West and Central al , 1990); bronchodilatation in man (Orie and Ekon Africa and some parts of Asia, is the seed plant 1993); antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle Garcinia kola Heckel (Guttiferae). -
Kawasaki Disease with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Case Report
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal (2014) xxx, xxx–xxx King Saud University Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal www.ksu.edu.sa www.sciencedirect.com CASE REPORT Kawasaki disease with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency, case report Hesham Radi Obeidat a,*, Sahar Al-Dossary b, Abdulsalam Asseri a a Pharmacy Department, Saad Specialist Hospital, Alkhobar 31952, Saudi Arabia b Pediatric and Neonatology Department, Saad Specialist Hospital, Alkhobar 31952, Saudi Arabia Received 28 August 2014; accepted 11 November 2014 KEYWORDS Abstract Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited vasculitis of unknown etiology that Kawasaki disease; occurs predominantly in infants and children younger than 5 years of age. Coronary artery abnor- G6PD; malities are the most serious complication. Aspirin Based on the literatures infusion of Intravenous Immunoglobulin of 2 g/kg and a high dose of oral aspirin up to 100 mg/kg/day are the standard treatment for Kawasaki disease in the acute stage, and should be followed by antiplatelet dose of aspirin for thrombocytosis. Glucose-6-Phos- phate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inherited X-linked hereditary disorder, and aspirin can induce hemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency. We report a case of a 5 year and 8 month old male with KD and G6PD deficiency. ª 2014 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). 1. Introduction genetic predisposition or infectious agents are likely to be the cause. Kawasaki disease was first described in 1967 by Tomisaku Recently, guidelines were published by the American Heart Kawasaki and has replaced acute rheumatic fever as the lead- Association (AHA) to aid in the diagnosis and management of ing cause of acquired heart disease among children in devel- Kawasaki disease. -
Newborn Screening Result for Bart's Hemoglobin
NEWBORN SCREENING RESULT FOR BART’S HEMOGLOBIN Physician’s information sheet developed by the Nebraska Newborn Screening Program with review by James Harper, MD, Pediatric Hematologist with UNMC Follow-up program, and member of the Nebraska Newborn Screening Advisory Committee. BACKGROUND The alpha thalassemias result from the loss of alpha globin genes. There are normally four genes for alpha globin production so that the loss of one to four genes is possible. The lack of one gene causes alpha thalassemia 2 (silent carrier) with no clinically detectable problems but may cause small amounts of hemoglobin Barts to be present in newborn blood samples. Alpha thalassemia trait (Alpha thalassemia 1) results from loss of two genes and causes a mild microcytic anemia which may resemble iron deficiency anemia. The loss of three genes causes hemoglobin H diseases which is a moderately severe form of thalassemia. The lack of all four genes causes hydrops fetalis and is usually fatal in utero. In general, only the loss of one or two genes is seen in African Americans. Individuals from Southeast Asia and the Mediterranean may have all four types of alpha thalassemia. The percentage of hemoglobin Barts in the blood sample may indicate the number of alpha genes that have been lost. However, the percentage of hemoglobin Barts is not directly measurable with the current methodology used by the newborn screening laboratory. Only the presence of Barts hemoglobin in relation to fetal and adult hemoglobin, and variants S, C, D and E can be detected. RECOMMENDED WORK UP In addition to the standard newborn hemoglobinopathy confirmation (hemoglobin electrophoresis), to separate those patients with alpha thalassemia silent carrier from the patients with alpha thalassemia trait, we recommend that these babies have the following labs drawn at their 6 month well baby check: CBC with retic count, ferritin, and a hemoglobin electropheresis. -
Hemolytic Anemia Caused by Hereditary Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency in a West Highland White Terrier Dog
Arch Med Vet 44, 195-200 (2012) COMMUNICATION Hemolytic anemia caused by hereditary pyruvate kinase deficiency in a West Highland White Terrier dog Anemia hemolítica causada por la deficiencia de piruvato quinasa hereditaria en un perro West Highland White Terrier NRC Hlavaca, LA Lacerdaa*, FO Conradob, PS Hünninga, M Seibertc, FHD Gonzálezd, U Gigere aPostgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. bVeterinary Clinic Pathology, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. cClinic Pathology, PetLab Ltda, Porto Alegre, Brasil. dDepartment of Veterinary Clinic Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. eLaboratory of Genetic Diseases, University of Pennsilvania, Philadelphia, United States. RESUMEN La deficiencia de piruvato quinasa (PK) es un desorden hemolítico autosómico recesivo descrito en perros y gatos. La piruvato quinasa es una de las enzimas regulatorias esenciales de la glicólisis anaeróbica, la deficiencia de esta enzima causa una destrucción prematura de los eritrocitos. El presente es un estudio de caso y relata los hallazgos clínicos y paraclínicos en un perro brasileño de la raza West Highland White Terrier (WHWT) con historia de debilidad e intolerancia al ejercicio. El paciente presentaba mucosas pálidas, anemia hemolítica bastante regenerativa y osteoclerosis. La deficiencia de PK fue confirmada a través de una prueba de ADN raza específica para la inserción 6bp en el extremo 3’ del exón 10 de la secuencia del gen de la piruvato quinasa eritrocitaria (R-PK) como fue descrito. Al perro se le practicó eutanasia a los 20 meses de edad debido al deterioro de su estado clínico, el cual incluyó anemia e incompatibilidad sanguínea. -
The Lower Urinary Tract & Male Reproductive System
Chapter 21 Hematopathology Nam Deuk Kim, Ph.D. Pusan National University 1 Contents I. Red blood cells II. Hemostasis III. White blood cells IV. Disorders of the lymphopoietic system V. Spleen VI. Thymus 2 THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM Composition of Human Blood Blood • Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, leukocytes (white cells), red cells, platelets and antibodies to tissues in the body and carbon dioxide and other waste products of cell metabolism to the excretory organs of the body • Volume of blood: Represents about 8% of total body weight • approximately 5 quarts, but it varies according to size of individual (5 liters in women; 5.5 liters in men) • Almost half of the blood consists of cellular elements suspended in plasma (viscous fluid) 3 4 Hemopoiesis Cellular differentiation and maturation of the lymphoid and myeloid components of the hematopoietic system. Only the precursor cells (blasts and maturing cells) are identifiable by light microscopic evaluation of the bone marrow. BFU = burst-forming unit; CFU = colony-forming unit (Ba = basophils; E = erythroid; Eo = eosinophils; G = polymorphonuclear leukocytes; GM = granulocyte-monocyte; M = monocyte/macrophages; Meg = megakaryocytic); EPO = erythropoietin; Gm-CSF = granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL = interleukin; NK = natural killer; SCF = stem cell factor; TPO = thrombopoietin. 5 Composition of Human Blood • All blood cells arise from precursor cells within the bone marrow, called stem cells • These undergo further differentiation to form red cells, white cells, -
Hematology Unit Lab 1 Review Material
Hematology Unit Lab 1 Review Material Objectives Laboratory instructors: 1. Facilitate lab discussion and answer questions Students: 1. Review the introductory material below 2. Study and review the assigned cases and questions in small groups before the Lab. This includes the pathological material using Virtual Microscopy 3. Be prepared to present your cases, questions and answers to the rest of your Lab class during the Lab Erythropoiesis: The process of red blood cell (RBC) production • Characterized by: − Increasing hemoglobin synthesis Erythroid maturation stages (Below): − Decreasing cell size - Average of 4 cell divisions during maturation − Decreasing cytoplasmic basophilia [One pronormoblast gives rise to 16 red cells] (increasing pink color) - pronormoblast → reticulocyte = 7 days − Progressive chromatin condensation of the - reticulocytes → mature RBC =1-2 days nuclei − Extrusion of nucleus (orthochromatic stage) − Extruded nuclei are subsequently phagocytized − Loss of mitotic capability after the early stage of polychromatophilic normoblast • Picture below: Erythroid progenitors (normoblasts) cluster around macrophages (arrows) in the bone marrow and spleen • Macrophages store iron • Iron is transferred from macrophages to erythroid precursor cells • Iron is used by normoblasts for hemoglobin synthesis aka nucleated rbc aka reticulocyte 1 Mature Red Blood Cell 7-8 microns; round / ovoid biconcave disc with orange-red cytoplasm, no RNA, no nucleus; survives ~120 days in circulation Classification of Anemia by Morphology 1. -
ISTH Couverture 6.6.2012 10:21 Page 1 ISTH Couverture 6.6.2012 10:21 Page 2 ISTH Couverture 6.6.2012 10:21 Page 3 ISTH Couverture 6.6.2012 10:21 Page 4
ISTH Couverture 6.6.2012 10:21 Page 1 ISTH Couverture 6.6.2012 10:21 Page 2 ISTH Couverture 6.6.2012 10:21 Page 3 ISTH Couverture 6.6.2012 10:21 Page 4 ISTH 2012 11.6.2012 14:46 Page 1 Table of Contents 3 Welcome Message from the Meeting President 3 Welcome Message from ISTH Council Chairman 4 Welcome Message from SSC Chairman 5 Committees 7 ISTH Future Meetings Calendar 8 Meeting Sponsors 9 Awards and Grants 2012 12 General Information 20 Programme at a Glance 21 Day by Day Scientific Schedule & Programme 22 Detailed Programme Tuesday, 26 June 2012 25 Detailed Programme Wednesday, 27 June 2012 33 Detailed Programme Thursday, 28 June 2012 44 Detailed Programme Friday, 29 June 2012 56 Detailed Programme Saturday, 30 June 2012 68 Hot Topics Schedule 71 ePoster Sessions 97 Sponsor & Exhibitor Profiles 110 Exhibition Floor Plan 111 Congress Centre Floor Plan www.isth.org ISTH 2012 11.6.2012 14:46 Page 2 ISTH 2012 11.6.2012 14:46 Page 3 WelcomeCommittees Messages Message from the ISTH SSC 2012 Message from the ISTH Meeting President Chairman of Council Messages Dear Colleagues and Friends, Dear Colleagues and Friends, We warmly welcome you to the elcome It is my distinct privilege to welcome W Scientific and Standardization Com- you to Liverpool for our 2012 SSC mittee (SSC) meeting of the Inter- meeting. national Society on Thrombosis and Dr. Cheng-Hock Toh and his col- Haemostasis (ISTH) at Liverpool’s leagues have set up a great Pro- UNESCO World Heritage Centre waterfront! gramme aiming at making our off-congress year As setting standards is fundamental to all quality meeting especially attractive for our participants.