In Euripides' 'Trojan Women'. Dramatic Structure and Intertextuality
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Trojan Women: Introduction
Trojan Women: Introduction 1. Gods in the Trojan Women Two gods take the stage in the prologue to Trojan Women. Are these gods real or abstract? In the prologue, with its monologue by Poseidon followed by a dialogue between the master of the sea and Athena, we see them as real, as actors (perhaps statelier than us, and accoutered with their traditional props, a trident for the sea god, a helmet for Zeus’ daughter). They are otherwise quite ordinary people with their loves and hates and with their infernal flexibility whether moral or emotional. They keep their emotional side removed from humans, distance which will soon become physical. Poseidon cannot stay in Troy, because the citizens don’t worship him any longer. He may feel sadness or regret, but not mourning for the people who once worshiped but now are dead or soon to be dispersed. He is not present for the destruction of the towers that signal his final absence and the diaspora of his Phrygians. He takes pride in the building of the walls, perfected by the use of mason’s rules. After the divine departures, the play proceeds to the inanition of his and Apollo’s labor, with one more use for the towers before they are wiped from the face of the earth. Nothing will be left. It is true, as Hecuba claims, her last vestige of pride, the name of Troy remains, but the place wandered about throughout antiquity and into the modern age. At the end of his monologue Poseidon can still say farewell to the towers. -
Ion First Folio
FIRST FOLIO Teacher Curriculum Guide Table of Contents Page Number Welcome to the About the Play Shakespeare Theatre Company’s Synopsis of Ion……………………………….2 production of Interview with Director Ethan McSweeny….3 Ion Family Life in Ion ……………………………..4 by Euripedes Intro to Greek Mythology and Drama…..….5 People and Places in Ion ...………………….6 This season, the Shakespeare Theatre Company presents seven plays by William Classroom Connections Shakespeare and other classic playwrights. Before and After the Performance….....……7 Consistent with STC's central mission to be Resource List, Standards of Learning……...8 the leading force in producing and preserving Theatre Etiquette………………………….….9 the highest quality classic theatre , the Education Department challenges learners of The First Folio Teacher Curriculum Guide for all ages to explore the ideas, emotions and Ion was developed by the Shakespeare principles contained in classic texts and to Theatre Company Education Department, discover the connection between classic with articles compiled and written by Abby theatre and our modern perceptions. We Jackson and Michelle Jackson. Layout and hope that this First Folio Teacher Curriculum editing by Caroline Alexander. Guide will prove useful as you prepare to bring your students to the theatre! For the 2008-09 season, the Education Department will publish First Folio Teacher Curriculum Guides for our productions of Romeo and Juliet, Twelfth Night and Ion. First Folio Guides provide information and activities to help students form a personal connection to the play before attending the production. First Folio Guides contain material about the playwrights, their world and their works. Also included are approaches to exploring the plays and Next Steps productions in the classroom before and after If you would like more information on how the performance. -
HCS — History of Classical Scholarship
ISSN: 2632-4091 History of Classical Scholarship www.hcsjournal.org ISSUE 1 (2019) Dedication page for the Historiae by Herodotus, printed at Venice, 1494 The publication of this journal has been co-funded by the Department of Humanities of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice and the School of History, Classics and Archaeology of Newcastle University Editors Lorenzo CALVELLI Federico SANTANGELO (Venezia) (Newcastle) Editorial Board Luciano CANFORA Marc MAYER (Bari) (Barcelona) Jo-Marie CLAASSEN Laura MECELLA (Stellenbosch) (Milano) Massimiliano DI FAZIO Leandro POLVERINI (Pavia) (Roma) Patricia FORTINI BROWN Stefan REBENICH (Princeton) (Bern) Helena GIMENO PASCUAL Ronald RIDLEY (Alcalá de Henares) (Melbourne) Anthony GRAFTON Michael SQUIRE (Princeton) (London) Judith P. HALLETT William STENHOUSE (College Park, Maryland) (New York) Katherine HARLOE Christopher STRAY (Reading) (Swansea) Jill KRAYE Daniela SUMMA (London) (Berlin) Arnaldo MARCONE Ginette VAGENHEIM (Roma) (Rouen) Copy-editing & Design Thilo RISING (Newcastle) History of Classical Scholarship Issue () TABLE OF CONTENTS LORENZO CALVELLI, FEDERICO SANTANGELO A New Journal: Contents, Methods, Perspectives i–iv GERARD GONZÁLEZ GERMAIN Conrad Peutinger, Reader of Inscriptions: A Note on the Rediscovery of His Copy of the Epigrammata Antiquae Urbis (Rome, ) – GINETTE VAGENHEIM L’épitaphe comme exemplum virtutis dans les macrobies des Antichi eroi et huomini illustri de Pirro Ligorio ( c.–) – MASSIMILIANO DI FAZIO Gli Etruschi nella cultura popolare italiana del XIX secolo. Le indagini di Charles G. Leland – JUDITH P. HALLETT The Legacy of the Drunken Duchess: Grace Harriet Macurdy, Barbara McManus and Classics at Vassar College, – – LUCIANO CANFORA La lettera di Catilina: Norden, Marchesi, Syme – CHRISTOPHER STRAY The Glory and the Grandeur: John Clarke Stobart and the Defence of High Culture in a Democratic Age – ILSE HILBOLD Jules Marouzeau and L’Année philologique: The Genesis of a Reform in Classical Bibliography – BEN CARTLIDGE E.R. -
Petr Eben's Oratorio Apologia Sokratus
© 2010 Nelly Matova PETR EBEN’S ORATORIO APOLOGIA SOKRATUS (1967) AND BALLET CURSES AND BLESSINGS (1983): AN INTERPRETATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SYMBOLISM BEHIND THE TEXT SETTINGS AND MUSICAL STYLE BY NELLY MATOVA DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts in Music with a concentration in Choral Music in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2010 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Donna Buchanan, Chair Professor Sever Tipei Assistant Professor David Cooper Assistant Professor Ricardo Herrera ABSTRACT The Czech composer Petr Eben (1927-2007) has written music in all genres except symphony, but he is highly recognized for his organ and choral compositions, which are his preferred genres. His vocal works include choral songs and vocal- instrumental works at a wide range of difficulty levels, from simple pedagogical songs to very advanced and technically challenging compositions. This study examines two of Eben‘s vocal-instrumental compositions. The oratorio Apologia Sokratus (1967) is a three-movement work; its libretto is based on Plato‘s Apology of Socrates. The ballet Curses and Blessings (1983) has a libretto compiled from numerous texts from the thirteenth to the twentieth centuries. The formal design of the ballet is unusual—a three-movement composition where the first is choral, the second is orchestral, and the third combines the previous two played simultaneously. Eben assembled the libretti for both compositions and they both address the contrasting sides of the human soul, evil and good, and the everlasting fight between them. This unity and contrast is the philosophical foundation for both compositions. -
'The Women of Troy' Euripides Subverts the Ancient Greek
In his play ‘The Women of Troy’ Euripides subverts the ancient Greek idea of heroism and brutally strips away heroic illusions surrounding the glory of battle. Whilst Euripides suggests that women and children are victims of war, his overarching critique on the destructive, means that the play portrays all characters as victims, including belligerents. As a powerful protest against imperialistic war common in ancient Greece and a warning against waging war, as the Greeks were preparing to do in Sicily, the play radically focuses on the immense anguish of the Trojan women. The death of the children is used to by Euripides to brutally expose the devastating impacts of war on those who are innocent and powerless. However Euripides inclusion of the suffering of the Greek soldiers displays how women and children are not the only victims of war, which is universally destructive in nature. The torment of the Trojan women is the focal point of the play as Euripides emphasises their abject misery relentlessly throughout the play. This is initially evident in the prologue where Hecuba, the “true face of misery”, laments her downfall from queen to slave and sarcastically describes her now being “throned in the dust”, highlighting to the readership her loss of status and all worldly possessions. Through Hecuba, Euripides illustrates the women’s grief using brutal and sensory imagery as she state her desire to “plough my face with my nails until the wrinkles run red”. Euripides poignantly connects he emotional pain to her physical pain to present the magnitude of her suffering in a way that is conceivable to the audience. -
Female Characters, Female Sympathetic Choruses, and the “Suppression” of Antiphonal Lament at the Openings of Euripides’ Phaethon, Andromeda, and Hypsipyle*
FRAMMENTI SULLA SCENA (ONLINE) Studi sul dramma antico frammentario Università deGli Studi di Torino Centro Studi sul Teatro Classico http://www.ojs.unito.it/index.php/fss www.teatroclassico.unito.it ISSN 2612-3908 1 • 2020 FEMALE CHARACTERS, FEMALE SYMPATHETIC CHORUSES, AND THE “SUPPRESSION” OF ANTIPHONAL LAMENT AT THE OPENINGS OF EURIPIDES’ PHAETHON, ANDROMEDA, AND HYPSIPYLE* VASILIKI KOUSOULINI NATIONAL AND KAPODISTRIAN UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS [email protected] Female choruses abound in Euripides’ plays.1 While there are many in his extant plays, we also encounter choruses of women in his fragmentary ones.2 Little attention has been paid to the existence of sympathetic female choruses in Euripides’ fragmentary dramas and their in- teraction with female characters. A sympathetic female chorus seems to appear in conjunction with a female character in many Euripidean fragmentary plays. The chorus of the Alexander in * This research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund- ESF) through the Opera- tional ProGramme «Human Resources Development, Education and LifelonG LearninG» in the context of the pro- ject “Reinforcement of Postdoctoral Researchers - 2nd Cycle” (MIS-5033021), implemented by the State Scholar- ships Foundation (ΙΚΥ). 1 There is a female chorus in Euripides’ Medea, Hippolytus, Andromache, Hecuba, Suppliant Women, Ion, Electra, Trojan Women, Iphigenia among the Taurians, Helen, Phoenician Women, Orestes, Iphigenia in Aulis, and Bacchae. Mastronarde observed that there are 15 male choruses, 62 female choruses, and 105 choruses with undetermined gender in Euripides’ corpus. Cf. MASTRONARDE 2010, 103. AccordinG to Calame, the 82% of Euripides’ traGic choruses con- sists of women. Cf. CALAME 2020, 776. -
ABSTRACT a Director's Approach to Euripides' Hecuba Christopher F. Peck, M.F.A. Mentor: Deanna Toten Beard, Ph.D. This Thesi
ABSTRACT A Director’s Approach to Euripides’ Hecuba Christopher F. Peck, M.F.A. Mentor: DeAnna Toten Beard, Ph.D. This thesis explores a production of Euripides’ Hecuba as it was directed by Christopher Peck. Chapter One articulates a unique Euripidean dramatic structure to demonstrate the contemporary viability of Euripides’ play. Chapter Two utilizes this dramatic structure as the basis for an aggressive analysis of themes inherent in the production. Chapter Three is devoted to the conceptualization of this particular production and the relationship between the director and the designers in pursuit of this concept. Chapter Four catalogs the rehearsal process and how the director and actors worked together to realize the dramatic needs of the production. Finally Chapter Five is a postmortem of the production emphasizing the strengths and weaknesses of the final product of Baylor University’s Hecuba. A Director's Approach to Euripides' Hecuba by Christopher F. Peck, B.F.A A Thesis Approved by the Department of Theatre Arts Stan C. Denman, Ph.D., Chairperson Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Baylor University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Fine Arts Approved by the Thesis Committee DeAnna Toten Beard, Ph.D., Chairperson David J. Jortner, Ph.D. Marion D. Castleberry, Ph.D. Steven C. Pounders, M.F.A. Christopher J. Hansen, M.F.A. Accepted by the Graduate School May 2013 J. Larry Lyon, Ph.D., Dean Page bearing signatures is kept on file in the Graduate School. Copyright © 2013 by Christopher F. Peck -
Sidney's 'Defence of Poetry', Written in 1581, and the First Important Piece of Literary Criticism in English
Trojan Suffering, Tragic Gods and Transhistorical Metaphysics The Greek, decisive confrontation with the daemonic world-order gives to tragic poetry its historico-philosophical signature. Walter Benjamin1 The Reasons for Suffering When Philip Sidney defended theatre in the first substantial example of literary criticism in the English language, his Defence of Poetry (1581), he used a story from ancient Greece to illustrate tragedy's emotive power: Plutarch yielded a notable testimony of the abominable tyrant Alexander Pheraeus; from whose eyes a tragedy, well made and represented, drew abundance of tears, who without all pity had murdered infinite numbers, and some of his own blood; so as he that was not ashamed to make matters for tragedies, yet could not resist the sweet violence of a tragedy. And if it wrought no farther good in him, it was that he, in despite of himself, withdrew himself from hearkening to that which might mollify his hardened heart.2 Sidney was struck that Alexander of Pherae, a wicked Greek tyrant of the 4th century BCE, was induced to weep by 'the sweet violence of a tragedy'. Indeed, the emotion so overpowered Alexander that he had to absent himself, for fear that his hardened heart could be made capable of pity. The tragedy which upset the tyrant was Euripides' Trojan Women, as we know from the passage in Plutarch where Sidney had found it (see below). The sufferings that Alexander could not bear to watch were those of Hecuba and 1 Andromache, women who lost their families at Troy. Trojan Women constitutes an extended lament and searing statement of the philosophical incomprehensibility of human suffering. -
Euripides and Gender: the Difference the Fragments Make
Euripides and Gender: The Difference the Fragments Make Melissa Karen Anne Funke A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2013 Reading Committee: Ruby Blondell, Chair Deborah Kamen Olga Levaniouk Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Classics © Copyright 2013 Melissa Karen Anne Funke University of Washington Abstract Euripides and Gender: The Difference the Fragments Make Melissa Karen Anne Funke Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Ruby Blondell Department of Classics Research on gender in Greek tragedy has traditionally focused on the extant plays, with only sporadic recourse to discussion of the many fragmentary plays for which we have evidence. This project aims to perform an extensive study of the sixty-two fragmentary plays of Euripides in order to provide a picture of his presentation of gender that is as full as possible. Beginning with an overview of the history of the collection and transmission of the fragments and an introduction to the study of gender in tragedy and Euripides’ extant plays, this project takes up the contexts in which the fragments are found and the supplementary information on plot and character (known as testimonia) as a guide in its analysis of the fragments themselves. These contexts include the fifth- century CE anthology of Stobaeus, who preserved over one third of Euripides’ fragments, and other late antique sources such as Clement’s Miscellanies, Plutarch’s Moralia, and Athenaeus’ Deipnosophistae. The sections on testimonia investigate sources ranging from the mythographers Hyginus and Apollodorus to Apulian pottery to a group of papyrus hypotheses known as the “Tales from Euripides”, with a special focus on plot-type, especially the rape-and-recognition and Potiphar’s wife storylines. -
Euripides' Iphigenia: Ancient Victim, Modern Greek Heroine?
ARTIGO Recebido em 8/8/2019 Aprovado em 19/11/2019 Euripides’ Iphigenia: Ancient Victim, Modern Greek Heroine?1 Ifigênia de Eurípides: vítima antiga, heroína grega moderna?2 Anastasia Bakogianni3 e-mail: [email protected] orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4870-642X DOI: https://doi.org/10.25187/codex.v7i2.30457 ABSTRACT: In his Aristotle dismisses RESUMO: Em sua , Aristóteles descarta a Poetics Poética Iphigenia’s characterisation as inconsistent. Why does caracterização de Ifigênia como inconsistente. Por que the eponymous heroine of change a heroína homônima de muda de Iphigenia at Aulis Ifigênia em Áulis her mind and decide to die willingly? This central ideia e decide morrer espontaneamente? Essa questão question has preoccupied not only classical scholars, central preocupou não apenas estudiosos clássicos, mas but receiving artists, too. How Iphigenia’s change of também artistas de recepção. Como a mudança da heart in portrayed on stage and screen affects the atitude de Ifigênia, retratada no palco e na tela, afeta a audience’s response to the character. Is Iphigenia a resposta do público à personagem? Ifigênia é uma victim or a heroine (or a mixture of both)? The vítima ou uma heroína (ou uma mistura de ambas)? O Greek-Cypriot filmmaker Michael Cacoyannis cineasta greco-cipriota Michael Cocayannis acreditava believed he enjoyed a special relationship with ter um relacionamento especial com Eurípides, mas Euripides, but his interpretation was shaped by sua interpretação foi moldada por eventos políticos na political events in Modern Greece and Cyprus in the Grécia moderna e em Chipre nas décadas de 1960 e 1960s and 70s. -
Founding Athens: Ion and Origin Myth.
Founding Athens: Ion and origin myth.! Athenian drama:! ! •"concentrates on specific episodes in a larger myth story ! ! •"focuses on human personality (and psychology)! •"investigates relationships in the family and in society! ! •"is radical in questioning the gods ! But if I aimed for a place in the first ranks of the city and strove to become someone, I would be detested by the powerless while those with ability, but not eager for public life, would ridicule me for being foolish…And then again, if I took positions from those who had them, I would be thwarted by men with knowledge, who know how the system works. ! paraphrase of Euripides Ion 595-600! Procession with religious image.! Pietrafitta, Italy! image©Sebo Theatre Dionysus Athens, ca 350 BCE! image©ARTstor! Actors with masks! Pronomos vase! 400 BCE! http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/images/ pottery/painters/keypieces/tiverios/33- p197-medium.jpg Sophocles Oidipous at Colonos. Segobriga Festival, 2000.# .! Mask design: Thanos Vovolis. Stage director: Gemma Gomez. Photo © Thanos Vovolis http://www.didaskalia.net/issues/vol7no1/vovolis_zamboulakis/image11.html ca. 620-480 BC: Archaic Period! Aeschylus ca. 533: introduction of the City Dionysia at Athens (Thespis)! 508/7: establishment of the Athenian democracy by Cleisthenes! 523-456 BCE ca. 499: Aeschylus' first dramatic production! 484: Aeschylus' first victory! ! 479-323 BC: Classical Period! ca. 468: Sophocles' first production! Sophocles 458: Aeschylus' Oresteia! 456/5: death of Aeschylus! 495-405 BCE 455: Euripides' first dramatic production! 447-432: construction of the Parthenon! ca. 442: Sophocles' Antigone! 441: Euripides' first victory! 431: 431: Euripides' Medea; beginning of the Peloponnesian War! Euripides ca. -
What Melos for Troy? Blending of Lyric Genres in the First Stasimon Of
Giovanni Fanfani What melos forTroy? Blending of Lyric Genres in the First Stasimon of Euripides’ Trojan Women 1Introduction The first stasimon of Trojan Women is anarrativeaccount of the last dayofTroy, amelic Iliou Persis consistingofasingle triadic system and depicting the Tro- jans’ welcoming of the Wooden Horse into the city,theirrejoicinginchoral danc- ing at night,and their violent ruin at the hand of the Achaeans. Labelled by Kranz as one of Euripides’‘dithyrambic’ stasima,¹ the song has been seen by scholars as representative of the pictorial style that characterizes late Euripidean choral odes.² Morerecently, certain recognizable patterns informingEuripides’ ‘dithyrambic’ and pictorial lyric have been reassessed by Eric Csapo and posi- tioned within the wider picture of the dramatist’sengagement with New Musical verse.³ By calling attention to the growingamountofmusical imagery of aDio- nysiac stamp in the sung sections of Euripides’ plays from ca. 420BConwards, Csapo defines asignificant trait of poetics that locates the playwright at the fore- Iwould liketothankV.Bers, M. Ercoles, A. Ford, A. Henrichs and N. Weissfor helpful comments on an earlier version of thischapter.Iamespeciallygrateful to P. LeVen forher valuable criti- cism and suggestions on different drafts of thispaper,and to the editors forcorrections and advice. Researchfor thiswork hasbeen generously supportedbythe Danish Council forInde- pendent Research and FP7 Marie CurieActions ‒ COFUND (DFF ‒ 1321–00158) through aMOBI- LEX grant.The text of Trojan Women reproduces Diggle’sOCT unless otherwise stated. English translations areadapted from the most recent Loeb editions. Forstructural features of these choral odes,defined as ‘self-contained ballad-like narratives’ (‘völlig absolut stehende balladeskeErzählung’)see Kranz 1933,254,and in general 228–65,see 253, 258f.inparticular on Eur.