SESSION on DESIGN THINKING TO MOBILIZE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION FOR SOCIAL CHALLENGES

The aim of this symposium is to highlight the innova- tive approaches towards address social challenges.

There has been growing interest in promoting “social innovation” to imbed innovation in the wider economy by fostering opportunities for new actors, such as non-profit foundations, to steer research and collaborate with firms and entrepreneurs and to tackle social challenges. User and consumers are also relevant as they play an important role in demanding innovation for social goals but also as actors and suppliers of solutions.

Although the innovation process is now much more open and receptive to social influences, progress on social innovation will call for the greater involvement of stakeholders who can mobilize science, technol- ogy and innovation to address social challenges.

Thus, the session requires to be approached from holistic and multidisciplinary mind and needs to cover the issue from different aspects by seven inter- national speakers. Contents

Overview ■1

Program ■4

Session Description ■6

Outline of Presentation ■7

Lecture material ■33

Appendix ■55 Program

Welcome and Opening 8:30-8:35 • Dr. Yuko Harayama, Deputy Director of the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI) ● (moderator) (5min) 8:35-9:20 Session 1: Putting ‘design thinking’ into practice • Dr. Karabi Acharya, Change Leader, Ashoka, USA(15min) ● Systemic Change to Achieve Environmental Impact and Sustainability • Mr. Tateo Arimoto, Director-General, Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST / RISTEX) (Co-organiser and Host), Japan (15min) Design Thinking to Induce new paradigm for issue-driven approach

−Discussant (5min) • Dr. Hans-Liudger Dienel, Director, The Centre for Technology and Society; CEO, Nexus Institute for Cooperation 9:20-10:20 Management and Interdisciplinary Research, Germany (5min)

Discussion (10min)

Session 2: How to assess and measure social value of S&T? • Dr. Julia Lane, Program Director, National Science Foundation, USA ● and Dr. Stefano Bertuzzi, Office of Science Policy Analysis, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health (co-presentation) (25min) Science of Science Assessment

4 • Dr. Johan Evers instead of Mr. Roby Berloznik, Project manager, Institute Society and Technology, (15min) 5 Governance in Science and Technology: citizen participation and social innovation

10:20-11:05 −Discussant (5min) • Dr. Hans-Liudger Dienel, Director, The Centre for Technology and Society; CEO, Nexus Institute for Cooperation Management and Interdisciplinary Research, Germany (5min)

Discussion (15min)

Session 3: Community-led innovation to address social challenges • Ms. Laura Bunt, Policy Advisor, The National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts (NESTA), UK (15min) ● Mass Localism: a way to help small communities solve big social challenges • Dr. Masayuki Horio, Professor Emeritus, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology / Professor, Politics, Faculty of Law, Ryukoku University Area Director, R&D Focus Area “Community-Based Actions against / Global Warming and Environmental Degradation” JST / RISTEX Director, Japan (15min) Socio-technical Routes Needed to Save Society from Energy and Environment Crises

−Discussant (5min) • Dr. Hans-Liudger Dienel, Director, The Centre for Technology and Society; CEO, Nexus Institute for Cooperation Management and Interdisciplinary Research, Germany (5min)

Discussion (10min) Wrap Up Discussion ●11:05-11:25 Concluding Remarks: Next Steps ●11:25-11:30• Dr. Yuko Harayama, Deputy Director of the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI)(moderator) Outline of Presentation

Session Description Design Thinking To Mobilize Science, Technology, and Innovation for Social 8 Yuko Harayama Challenges Welcome and Opening

Sunday, February 20, 2011: 8:30 AM-11:30 AM Please refer to the Appendix for the 159AB (Washington Convention Center ) Preliminary Press Program (page83-84) 9 Karabi Acharya Systemic Change to Achieve Today, “innovation” is attracting the interest of policy-makers, not only as a driver of economic Environmental Impact and growth or a tool to overcome economic crisis, but as a means to solve social problems. In sum, this Sustainability trend may induce a new paradigm of innovation, moving from the traditional linear perception of innovation into a more concerted way of conceiving innovation. Fostering innovation to address 13 Tateo Arimoto social challenges and mobilizing science, technology, and innovation calls for collaboration among Design Thinking to Induce multiple stakeholders, including universities, research institutes, private companies, government, New paradigm for Issue-driven and civil society and leads to the value creation for the society as a whole. Social challenges are Approach the issue for everyone without a border. Thus, we need to look ahead and work to find solutions comprehensively. Motivated to gain more insights into the factors that determine success and 15 Julia Lane failure in our efforts, this session will highlight elements and good practices that support a more Science of Science Assessment systematic approach for policy implications, looking into barriers and incentives designed to address social challenges as well. Panelists will identify projects that gather social entrepreneurs and researchers to develop and demonstrate technologies and show the possibility of solving environmental issues by fostering the dissemination of wooden houses and forest revitalization. 15 Stefano Bertuzzi These co-evolutive approaches, which involve reciprocal adaptation, will also be discussed. Science of Science Assessment Organizer: Tateo Arimoto, Japan Science and Technology Agency 6 Co-organizers: Yoko Nitta, Japan Science and Technology Agency and Suguru Ishiguro, Japan Science and Technology Agency 19 Johan Evers Moderator: Yuko Harayama, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Governance in Science and Technology Citizens' engagement for social Discussant: Hans-Liudger Dienel, Technical University Berlin innovation ? Speakers: Laura Bunt , National Endowment for Science, Technology, and Arts 25 Laura Bunt Mass Localism: A Way To Help Small Communities Solve Big Social Mass Localism: a way to help Challenges small communities solve big social challenges Masayuki Horio, Japan Science and Technology Agency Sociotechnical Routes Needed to Save Society from Energy and Environment Crises 28 Masayuki Horio Socio-technical Routes Needed Julia Lane, National Science Foundation; Stefano Bertuzzi, NIH to Save Society from Energy The Science of Science Assessment and Environment Crises Johan Evers, Institute Society and Technology Governance in Science and Technology: Citizens' Engagement for Social 29 Hans-Liudger Dienel Innovation Comments Karabi Acharya, Ashoka Systemic Change to Achieve Environmental Impact: Examples of Ashoka Fellows 31 Yuko Harayama Concluding Remarks: Next Steps Tateo Arimoto, Japan Science and Technology Agency Design thinking to induce new paradigm for issue-driven approach

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Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. When you have financial crisis, eco- remold social institution. transform society, and to design new entrepreneurial quality is the defining Introduction nomic crisis - policy makers say ok That is the challenge. Systematic ways for the social sector to become characteristic of first class entrepre- what should be the next determinant How to improve our capacity to Change more productive, entrepreneurial and neurs. It defines leaders who see oppor- and next driver for economic growth? address social challenges? globally integrated. Ahoka champions tunities for change and innovation and More than one countries focus on There is no unique solution to transformational social change ideas devote themselves entirely to making innovation but the trial of this session is We have passed through several and supports the entrepreneurs (and that change happen. These leaders not limited to the innovation for eco- experimentation trials. Achieve intrapreneurs) leading them and con- often have little interest in anything nomic growth but is trying to foresee nects social and business sectors to beyond their mission, and they are will- innovation as a mean to solve social For the first session, Environmentalbuild an “eco-system” of initiatives that ing to spend the next ten to fifteen years problems We will put into practice and see support the fast-growing social needs of making a historical development take In this case, we have several ques- some experimental ones. Impact the world. place. This total absorption is critical to tions arising: and transforming a new idea into reality, and 1. Who does initiate? For the second session 2, tasks are What characterizes a leading social it is for this reason that Ashoka insists 2. Whom to mobilize? How to Assessing and how to value Sustainability entrepreneur? How does Ashoka that candidates commit themselves full- 3. How to orchestrate it? STI decide which candidates to nominate time to their ideas during the launch Because in our discussion, not only and which to turn away? phase. Usually when we want to promote policy makers are on the scene but also Ashoka's selection process is Ashoka is looking for the Andrew new technology -there are tools to we have several actors in the action on anchored by our five criteria against Carnegies, Henry Fords, and Steve invest in some specific area, and then the topics. which all Fellow candidates are evaluat- Jobses of the citizen sector. Yuko Harayama we promote R&D and we see later on, At the same time we should measure ed: probably we will have new product and mutual impact of the action. A New Idea The first criterion is that a • Social Impact of the Idea then commercialize them. It is relatively Fellow must have a new idea that will This criterion focuses on the candi- ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ simple compared to the challenge we For the third session, we will learn change the pattern in a field, be it date's idea, not the candidate. Ashoka Ladies and Gentlemen. Welcome to have as social problems Because not from the ground. human rights, the environment, or any is only interested in ideas that it believes our session on 'Design thinking to only we take advantage of new technol- We have several experiences going other. It must change “the system” will change the field significantly and mobilize science, technology and inno- ogy, but at the same time we have to and will share the experiences. that will trigger nationwide impact or, for vation for social challenges'. We are redesign social structures and we have Welcome to the learning space here • The Knockout Test: A New Idea smaller countries, broader regional 8 happy to have all of you to join this dis- to really in touch with the society . And it to you, everyone. Karabi Acharya Ashoka cannot elect someone to the change. For example, Ashoka will not 9 cussion. I believe this session will be a is difficult to touch with society compre- We are going to have exciting discus- Fellowship unless he or she is pos- support the launch of a new school or really good and exciting one. hensively because we have diverse sion. sessed by a new idea-a new solution or clinic unless it is part of a broader strat- ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ My name is Yuko Harayama from actors and stakeholders and it makes Thank you. approach to a social problem-that will egy to reform the education or health OECD, chairing this session: I think this really complex more than usual. Ashoka is a global association of the change the pattern in a field, be it system at the national level and beyond. discussion will be an exciting and good The key is: What makes innovation world's leading social entrepreneurs. It human rights, the environment, or any one. different by targeting social objective? is the world's largest community of other. We evaluate the idea historically • Ethical Fiber That could be the topics of this dis- 2,500 leading social entrepreneurs and against its contemporaries in the Social entrepreneurs introducing At the beginning, I will explain what cussion. across 70 countries working on every field, looking for innovation and real major structural changes to society our intention to have this session. social issue. It helps them both get change potential. have to ask a lot of people to change STI has a long history long time ago We should understand first the nature started and succeed over their long life- how they do things. If the entrepreneur (for long time) and not a new phenome- of the social innovation. times causing large scale, very much • Creativity is not trusted, the likelihood of success non. Also STI has so many impacts on Actors are not only scientist, not only needed pattern change. They address Successful social entrepreneurs must is significantly reduced. Ashoka asks the society by the past and the way of business people. every area of human need - from human be creative both as goal-setting vision- every participant in the selection we are functioning and the way we are Also we should have engagement rights to the environment, from full eco- aries and as problem solvers capable of process to evaluate candidates for living having been influenced. coming from social actor. nomic citizenship to empowering young engineering their visions into reality. these qualities rigorously. To do so So, technological advancement helps Plus, we used to have innovation people. Small investments produce Creativity is not a quality that suddenly often requires one to resort to instinct us to have better life, but also to induce entrepreneur on the scene but here we huge results. Five years after their start- appears-it is almost always apparent and gut feelings, not just rational analy- some negative ones, too. have to deal with social entrepreneurs up launch, between 49 and 60 percent from youth onward. Among the ques- sis. The essential question is: "Do you Social challenge could be to reduce for making change. have already changed national policy tions we might ask: Does this individual trust this person absolutely?" If there is adverse consequence of innovation. We should move from science driven and around 90 percent have seen inde- have a vision of how he or she can meet any doubt, a candidate will not pass. What is new now? We have policy into science based in terms of the role pendent institutions copy their innova- some human need better than it has discourse on innovation for economic of ST and tion. Working with these social entrepre- been met before? Does the candidate “Social entrepreneurs are not content growth we should move from technology neurs, Ashoka builds communities of have a history of creating other new just to give a fish, or teach how to fish. driven to technology serving for the innovators who work collectively to visions? They will not rest until they have revolu- society. tionized the fishing industry.” Yuko Harayama: Deputy Director of the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology In that sense, the challenge is which Karabi Acharya: Change Leader, Ashoka, • Entrepreneurial Quality - Bill Drayton, Ashoka Founder and and Industry (DSTI) action we should design and how to USA Perhaps our most important criterion, CEO

Outline of Presentation The types of system changes are recognition by businesses of their social ural resource base, further reducing tently worked to address the root caus- new long-term habitat in the wild. His intended to be a simple way to describe purpose and a recognition by citizen their dependency on government subsi- Joseph Adelagan es of deforestation by addressing the palm sugar factory has been pledged by the kinds of changes that Ashoka pro- sector groups of their economic pur- dies and hand-outs. The Cows to Kilowatts Partnership, relationship between the animal world, the government to be a national project grams and Fellows implement. The five pose. Many Ashoka Fellows have for- based in Nigera, provides an unusual our planet, and humankind. and will be replicated in eight provinces types of system changes are: profit elements which subsidize other The New Idea example. It was founded by Joseph in Indonesia. By providing alternatives 1. Changes in market dynamics and aspects of their work. There is also a Ishita has introduced a unique set of Adelagan, a Nigerian engineer, who was The New Idea and proper incentives for the local com- value chains: This type of change focus- growing trend in the business sector to market-based incentives to improve concerned about the impact on local To rebuild orangutan populations, Dr. munity - through the extensive efforts of es on the interconnections or rules of examine the social impact in addition to environmental management in the iso- rivers of effluent from the Bodija Market Smits believes it is crucial to both his Masarang Foundation - he has also the market system. This includes economic measures. The growing field lated villages of India's high Himalayas, abbatoir in Ibadan. As well as the pollut- rebuild their forest habitat, as well as achieved both economic and political changes in the flow of market informa- of social venture funding is an example instilling a new sense of pride to com- ing the water supply of several nearby address the social causes of deforesta- legitimacy, and has established a model tion, change in access to goods and of this. munities long mired in dependency. By villages, the effluent carried animal dis- tion and orangutan habitat loss by for restoring forest habitats worldwide. services, or increased efficiency of the 5. Enabled a global culture that val- developing a range of products and eases that could be passed to humans. empowering local workers to find alter- value chain. For example, Ashoka ues changemaking and social entrepre- marketing outlets for the region's fast Dr Adelagan proposed setting up an natives to harvesting forests. Dr. Smits Albina Ruiz Fellow Adrian Mukhebe uses cell neurs: This kind of system changes disappearing indigenous plants, she is effluent-treatment plant. started his efforts with a team of 100 Waste Collection through Community phones in Kenya to get market informa- speak directly to Ashoka's vision of both reviving sustainable farming prac- He discovered, however, that local workers to restore the Samboja Empowerment and Relationship tion directly to farmers that enables Everyone A Changemaker. The type of tices and restoring local ownership to a although treating the effluent would Lestari which had been completely dev- Building them to make more informed sales change refers to cultural and social region which has for years relied almost reduce water pollution, the process astated by clear cutting. Covering What I love about Ashoka Fellow and decisions. norms around changemaking and social wholly on heavy government hand-outs. would produce carbon-dioxide and approximately 5,000 acres in Borneo, social entrepreneur Albina Ruiz and her 2. Changes in public policy and entrepreneurs. Ashoka Fellows show This signifies a major shift from previous methane emissions that contribute to this healthy man-made rainforest - a first Ciudad Saludable (Healthy City) initiative industry norms and standards: Changes the world that there are alternatives to development schemes in the region: climate change. So he began to look for of its kind - is now home to the hun- is that she refuses to accept that any- in public policy are critical system the existing system and that each per- Whereas such attempts have relied on ways to capture these gases and make dreds of rehabilitated orangutans. one should live surrounded by garbage, changes that signify societal commit- son has the power to make a differ- cash crops and devastating resource use of them. Researching the subject In rebuilding these forests, Dr. Smits filth and potential disease. Albina has ment and institutionalization of specific ence. A culture of changemaking is also extraction, Ishita uses the growing online, he found that a research institu- attempted to recreate the extreme com- made it her mission to help communi- changes; also a change in the intercon- supported through the on-line demand for eco-friendly products to tion in Thailand, the Centre for Waste plexity of nature, impacting even the ties clean up their own neighborhoods nections of system elements. Many Changemaker competitions where any- create what she calls “seabuckthorn Utilisation and Management at King local microclimate. To grow, protect, in Peru, especially in the poorest areas Fellows have contributed to changes in one can submit an entry, comment on entrepreneurs”. These local groups are Mongkut University of Technology and preserve the forest land itself, his where people rummage through the public policy, often at a national level. In entries and vote for the winners. The trained to cultivate and produce native Thonburi, had developed anaerobic solution is simple: he offers local trash and try to resell items to support 10 addition, Fellows have brought about last type of system change speaks crops, including seabuckthorn, the reactors that could transform agroin- migrants free land to plant crops in the their families. Interestingly, Albina does- 11 changes in industry norms and stan- directly to our overall purpose as a soci- region's declining “Wonder Berry,” as dustrial waste into biogas. He made forest. In return for both the land and n't just work to clean up the trash. She dards such as through certification ety - that our purpose is to ensure well as traditional handicrafts and other contact with the Thai researchers, and farming income, the villagers must pro- recognized that taking away the trash, standards. everyone has the capacity to solve eco-friendly enterprises. together they developed a version of the tect the rainforest and the animals that while it would improve living conditions, 3. Brought full inclusion to a disad- problems to achieve social impact. The first movement of its kind in the technology suitable for use in Nigeria live there. By improving around 3,000 also meant taking away vital income vantaged group and fostered empathet- Indian subcontinent, Ishita's organiza- that turns the abbatoir waste into clean villagers' quality of life and building trust that these communities needed to sur- ic ethics: This type of change refers to By 10 years after election, 83% of tion, Spitiecosphere, has given rise to household cooking gas and organic fer- throughout the community, Dr. Smits vive. So, she worked directly with peo- achieving full inclusion of people who Fellows have changed a system in at significant collaborations with other tiliser, thus reducing the need for has provided powerful incentives for ple in the community and gave them are disadvantaged due to gender, least one way. organizations in the state of Himachal expensive chemical fertiliser. The same both long-term ecological and econom- jobs going door to door to collect trash. caste, religion, ethnicity, extreme pover- and elsewhere along the Trans- approach could be applied across ic restoration. Instead of just taking away the garbage, ty or disability. At first, this may seem to Ishita Khanna Himalayan belt of India. As these inac- Africa, Dr Adelagan believes. The Cows Key to his model's success is the use she gave people access to income and be a simple change in the elements of Ishita Khanna is building a green cessible regions have historically to Kilowatts project illustrates the global of newly developed and sustained rain- dignified work that bettered their com- the broader social system, but of course economy in the remote villages of remained outside the purview of target- nature of modern innovation, facilitated forest as a new source for fresh water, munities and their families. we have found that when disadvan- India's high Himalayas. In response to ed and informed government and non- by the free movement of both ideas and by both increasing and retaining more taged or marginalized voices are heard, the region's growing environmental governmental support, Ishita aims to people. Thanks to the internet, people in rainfall in the area. This is not only "Ciudad Saludable develops efficient this changes the both the interconnec- degradation and threatened cultural create a development model that can one part of the world can easily make improved the protection from forest fires solid waste management systems that tions and the purpose of the system; preservation, Ishita has developed a be implemented across the entire contact with people trying to solve simi- but also a increased the supply of clean generate employment and contribute to creating a system that is equitable and collection of new income-generating Himalayan range. She is in the process lar problems elsewhere. drinking water to more than 30,000 better quality-of-life and cleaner cities. inclusive for all people. and ecotourism opportunities designed of developing a consistent and replica- people in surrounding cities. Dr. Smits Ruiz created the organization because 4. Achieved business-social congru- to improve environmental management ble brand for seabuckthorn products, Dr. Willie Smits has also created a water supply compa- government-run garbage collection in ence: This change refers to system and promote the pursuit of more sus- which, due to her efforts, are now pro- Dr. Willie Smits is a rainforest inventor ny with the local government to improve Peru had not been effective and illegal changes that lead to a future where this tainable livelihoods. These efforts have duced in other ecologically similar states who has revolutionized reforestation access to clean drinking water, with the dumping was causing environmental is little distinction between social and merged the region's most marginalized across India. Most importantly, she is techniques and policies worldwide and profits being used exclusively to sustain deterioration and ground water contam- business enterprises - where all enter- communities with the market-based paving the way for the region's most is also the world's most prominent pro- the Samboja Lestari rainforest. ination. The garbage crisis arose partly prises achieve and document economic economy and created an incentive to isolated communities to retake control tector of orangutans and their natural Dr. Smits' Borneo Orangutan Survival because municipalities failed to collect and social value (with a focus on the conserve the region's dwindling of their resources, proving that better habitat. As founder of the Borneo Foundation has not only saved hun- the funds necessary to maintain the double or triple bottom line). In other resources. The local community thus environmental management can be a Orangutan Survival Foundation and the dreds of homeless and mistreated infrastructure. Because the system was- words, this system change refers to a retains primary ownership over their nat- profound source of economic growth. Masarang Foundation, he has consis- orangutans, it has also provided them a n't working, people didn't pay their

Outline of Presentation monthly fees, making the garbage prob- away from oil dependency and towards empathetic ethics) and increasing the need to reshape innovation systems in ports curiosity driven research ,so called lem worse. Ruiz set out to break that a more sustainable, lower carbon com- number of people who are social prob- Design Thinkingorder to bridge science and society, to bottom-up research, JST supports mis- cycle. In addition to taking care of the munity. Multiple groups are formed lem solvers (culture of changemaking fill the gap in between. sion oriented basic research and NEDO garbage problem, her micro-enterprise within each community which tackle a and social entrepreneurship). The to Similarly, science and scientific policy support s 'Exit' oriented R&D proto- model provides self-employment oppor- different aspect of local life, from agri- results on the opposite page reflect the Induce are changing dynamically, the activity of types which attached to Ministry of tunities to local residents in neighbor- culture and energy to the economy and percentage of Fellows surveyed who New paradigm science system have to be reshaped as Economy and Trade. The Institution hoods where unemployment rates are housing. Through the Transition have changed these systems at a modern scientific enterprise including RISTEX (Research Institute of Science high. The businesses are often run by Network groups receive practical tools national level within 10 years of election. for funding system, university system and and Technology for Society), as one of women who go door to door collecting and training as well as inspiration, sup- 83% of Fellows (76% five years post Issue-driven evaluation system so far. In addition, we the research institutions of JST, has garbage and fees, and educating peo- port and encouragement. Key to this election) have changed systems at a have to nurture young scientists and engaged in problem setting and creat- ple about respecting and protecting approach is Transition Towns' role in national level in at least one way. On Approach practitioners in the field. Then, the other ing social and public values through their environment. Some women have developing communities. Through stim- average, Fellows change systems in question comes up that how we can funding as its mission. It was estab- even built profitable businesses by cre- ulating a sense of belonging, citizens three different ways. measure the values of states in 21st cen- lished based upon the principle of ating products like organic fertilizer out are able to see the consequence of their tury not only by hard power, but also by Budapest declaration in 1999, 'Science of the trash they collect. By generating actions on the people and places that soft and smart power such as quality of in Society, Science for Society. income for local residents and involving are closest to them. By addressing cli- life, environment, education, and con- Funding system for science is fea- them in the process of improving their mate change at a community level Rob nectivity etc... We are in a transition tured as such institutional funding which neighborhood, Ruiz has succeeded in has succeeded in making it relevant to process from industrial society to is based national innovation system in obtaining pay rates of up to 98 percent. everyday life and the daily choices of knowledge-based society as compared Japan. In my opinion, for all three insti- The government collection pay rates everyday people and not just the envi- to intangible assets, brains, R&D, brand tutions need to be reshaped for prob- sunk as low as 40 percent. Ruiz's sim- ronmentally concerned few. design, and network & connectivity. lem solving or problem- driven issues at ple idea has become a successful busi- stake approaches. ness and community-organizing model Impact Currently each country and private ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ that benefits large numbers of people The Transition Network comprises companies are focusing on innovation and has worldwide potential." 100 formal Transition communities with policy and innovation strategy. In last Principles and over 1,000 more at an earlier stage of May, OECD published comprehensive Methodology of RISTEX's Rob Hopkins development. Additional groups in a new Innovation Strategy (IS) 2010, activities 12 Providing solutions to the twin chal- number of countries around the world Tateo Arimoto which will be one of the indicatives for • When I was assigned to RISTEX as a 13 lenges of climate change and Peak Oil, are looking to the Transition Network for us. It stressed better match between general director, I drastically changed supporting communities to build possible replication. Early successes of supply side input and demand side. the management system in R&D fund- ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ resilient, re-localised paths away from the Transition movement have been the They pointed out that an importance of ing. Features of the funding system in their dependence on oil. setting up of energy service companies, As Prof. Harayama mentioned in the global policy post innovation beyond RISTEX are described as bellow the establishment of alternative curren- opening that “Innovation for what for science and technology, education and 1) problem(issue)-oriented R&D proj- The New Idea cies and the development of local food 21st century?”, traditionally Innovation trainings to empower the people. Not ects Through the model of Transition growing businesses. These combined has been discussed and led by busi- only amongst upstream of academic 2) multidisciplinary approaches Towns, Rob has created a way to efforts are beginning to result in policy ness administration in many placesin R&D area, but also in wider scopes, 3) application both of technological engage people en masse to tackle cli- change as local councils begin to sign the context of for profit for companies, there is a need to foster diffusion and and social innovation mate change practically through a solu- themselves up as Transition Authorities. for competitiveness, for economic application of knowledge for innovation 4) social experimentation tions-based and action-oriented If our goal is to change the fishing growth and for employment at national through well-functioning networks and 5) collaboration among practitioners approach leading away from oil industry (or any other industry), how will levels in the last century. However, markets the role of government in creat- and researchers dependency. A Transition Initiative is a we know we have succeeded? We since the definition of innovation has ing new platforms for innovation will be 6) mutual communication between community working together to assess define impact as system changes been expanded rapidly, new innovation particulary more important. management side and research what it needs in order to sustain itself resulting from the social entrepreneurs, should be replaced by the system for project side ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ and thrive, and then to identify how to ideas and networks we support that social value, for quality of life, for securi- increase resilience and drastically affect (or have the potential to affect) ty & social cohesion and for sustainabili- Traditional Japanese • Even in small science, we need social reduce carbon emissions. The process large numbers of people. Our Fellows ty at global levels to cope with social Funding System experiment at community level or local Rob employs is a collection of tools and change systems in five different ways: problems. In the light of the new situa- When I take examples of traditional level to implement the projects for approaches that communities can use redefining interconnections in market tion, we need change of mind. governmental funding system in Japan, society. Our managestaff intensively to maximise their chances of success systems (market dynamics and value Traditional concept of “science and we can see three major different involve and commit themselves to the across each aspect of local life. chains), changing the rules that govern technology policy” is now being trans- research funding agencies, called JSPS work of R&D projects in the early Community building processes utilised our societies (public policy and industry formed into a new concept of “science (Japan Society for the Promotion of stages , not just watch them several by the Transition process lead to an norms), transforming the meaning of pri- based innovation policy”. We, therefore, Science), JST (Japan Science and years after funding agency select the Energy Descent Action Plan which, in vate vs. citizen sector (business social Technology Agency), and NEDO (New theme of the project. turn, is the starting point for a whole congruence), fully integrating marginal- Tateo Arimoto: Director General, RISTEX- Energy and Industrial Technology range of activities designed to lead ized populations (full citizenship and JST Development Organization). JSPS sup- Adding to ongoing R&D focus area

Outline of Presentation programs, such as “Community-Based of science or design thinking, so- called Science The intent is to leverage revolutionary digital tech- Actions against Global Warming and synthesizing, and integrate existing nology to capture the broad Environmental Degradation”, “Science knowledge, technology to communities of Technology and Humanity”, “Protecting and they will make a new solution. scientific, social, economic, and workforce impacts Children from Crime”, “Service Science, Science of science investments. Solutions and Foundation Integrated New perspectives for science and Research Program”, this year we estab- innovation policy are that we need a Assessment much of the work is linked to innova- describing the results of science invest- lished new program called “Redesigning bridege for science and society, ensur- tion (3). ments. Since 1986, the Higher Communities for Aged Society” since ing Innovation beyond the boundaries of Education Funding Councils in England Japan is the world most rapid ageing traditional disciplines, funding, organiza- Is it possible to create a system in has assessed research with its society. Also 'Science of Science and tion, academic system, and science which the effects of scientific research Research Assessment Exercises (now a Innovation Policy' will be launched in no sector. We need to reshape science can be described? If so, what would be Research Assessment Framework) distant future. and innovation system and values. In the inputs, outputs, and structure of the intended to assess the quality, impact, this end, Japanese government recently system? What scientific disciplines and vitality of funded research. Their Regarding to the methodology, at stress issue driven S&I policy beyond should inform the formulation of such a lessons are salutary: Although the exer- first, we have to identify or grip the traditional discipline oriented issue. model? Creating a system in which the cises did help to improve research qual- social problems to be funded despite of Discipline oriented issue means nano- effects of scientific research can be ity, the process of producing the data the difficulty under limited sources, technology, bio-science and information described on an ongoing basis- without was burdensome and complex (7). In budget and technical staffs. Next, we technology etc. Beyond discipline ori- increasing the burden on research insti- 2009, the European Union EUFORDIA establish R&D focus area and start call- ented issue, Japanese government has tutions and principal investigators- is dif- conference, which examined the impact ing for the application of the proposals been trying to figure issue oriented ficult. of the Framework Programme (FP) 6, from research communities, practition- problems. included, as a major recommendation, ers, local community, NPO, and to gov- At the time of 1970's, science policy The current scientific data infrastruc- of building a database of project results ernment sectors. Normally one R&D in the world mainly has focused on ture is based on identifying, funding, for future FPs, noting that “getting area selects ten to twelve proposals, Center of Excellence (COE) research and managing high-quality science, not robust data on the FPs in terms of par- which will undertake the project at least though, we are now focusing on on understanding its impact. The main ticipation and results is the foundation for 3 years. Within each projects, Network of Excellences (NOE) research sources of data on research and devel- for any evaluation” (8). In 2011, the 14 researchers analyze and hypothesize a with each sector. opment in the United States-the Survey Japanese government is creating a pro- 15 new measure and propose a solution of of Federal Funds for Research and gram to advance the science of science the social problems and we make them- Those social innovations should be Development (the federal funds survey) and innovation. take social experiments based on their gained by not only developed countries and the Survey of Federal Science and hypothesis. Finally, we hope each of but also by developing countries such Engineering Support to Universities, A high-quality system should be them is going to be synthesized and to as Asian countries at Pacific region level Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions- based on describing the activities of make prototypes in order to diffuse the and BRICS, which are increasing knowl- were designed to describe the types scientists and clusters of scientists. Of adoption of the results to society. To edge capacities and expanding their and levels of science investments, not course, the direct output of research is Julia Lane1 & make this procedure successfully, col- markets. How we can collaborate with their impact or effects (4). There are knowledge, which includes even 2 laboration with multiple stake folders, them? We need to share each region's Stefano Bertuzzi systems available to capture outcomes research “failures,” and is difficult to hands-on approaching, collaboration knowledge and good practices which (for example, various health and eco- measure. Despite this, the system with natural scientists and social scien- could make international collaborations. nomic information systems) but they do should include proximal measures of ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ tists, and pursuit PDCA cycle are crucial As we have various different supporting not link inputs with outputs and out- scientific output (such as publications, in the process. Finally, we hope govern- systems, we now need a system of sys- Historically, federally funded basic comes. Historically, there have been citations, and patents) and go well ment or local government takes over tem collecting knowledge and good and applied scientific research has limited resources devoted to rigorous beyond simple publication counts to this method of solution in implementing practices from local communities to promoted scientific knowledge, innova- evaluations of science investments (5). the identification of emerging and inter- to society. government tion, economic growth, and social well- Indeed, the roadmap published by the disciplinary areas. It should also I would like to refer to the manage- being. However, there is increasing National Science and Technology include broader outcomes, such as ment guide line based on the pressure to document the results of Council (NSTC) Science of Science better health, clean energy and envi- metaphase of PDCA cycle as suggest- these research investments in a scien- Policy Interagency group in 2008, found ronment, the training of an analytically ed by Prof. Yoshikawa, we can see a tific manner (1, 2) and to quantify how that “current science and technology oriented workforce, and increased basic loop for sustainable evolution. investment decisions are based on competitiveness. It should be struc- Scientists analyze condition and prob- 1 Julia Lane: Science of Science and analyses that lack a strong theoretical tured to compare differences in out- Innovation Policy, National Science lems and they suggest future solutions Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230, USA. E- and empirical basis” (6). comes and outputs of the recipients of of issues and next phase is design sci- mail: [email protected] science funding relative to a compara- entists who synthesize social and tech- 2 Stefano Bertuzzi: NIH Offi ce of Science The challenge is not limited to the ble control group that did not receive nological problems. Design scientists, Policy Analysis, National Institutes of Health, United States; other countries have funding. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. E-mail: who are very important, make a design [email protected] been developing systematic ways of

From [Policy Forum Research Funding Measuring the Results of Science Investments] Reprinted with permission from AAAS.

Outline of Presentation The development and analysis of are only captured during the funding infrastructure that brings together agencies; Office of Management and derive the industry and geographic loca- the vice presidents for research of uni- such a system will not be easy-there are period (typically 3 to 5 years), often inputs, outputs, and outcomes from a Budget approval was received in July tion of their vendors and subcontrac- versities participating in phase I was multiple feedback loops and long lags- manually and in an unstructured format. variety of sources in an open a fashion 2010 to expand the program. Since tors. In combination with publicly avail- attended by high-level representatives and it is important to go beyond an The reporting burden is very high: The as possible. A major functional aim is to then, more than 60 institutions have able data from the Economics of more than 40 research institutions in accounting exercise. However, there are Federal Demonstration Part- nership reduce, as much as possible, manual signed participation agreements and at Directorate of the Census Bureau, we October 2010. One suggestion from useful precedents in other fields of poli- has estimated that some 42% of princi- reporting by research institutions and least 50 more have indicated interest in can estimate the payroll associated with that meeting has been that the federal cy in the United States. The Institute for pal investigators' time is spent on principal investigators. The use of such participating. payments and, hence, the number of agencies could implement single Education Sciences has had a major administrative tasks (12). automated tools as CiteSeerX, which jobs. progress reports and/or common biog- impact on the quality of education poli- facilitates the capture of outputs pro- In practical terms, STAR METRICS is raphical sketches, with a uniform elec- cy. It has funded high-quality evalua- It is important to address these defi- duced by principal investigators, offers structured in two phases. The first Phase II is designed to capture out- tronic reporting template. The bureau- tions and brought together experts in ciencies; otherwise, impact estimates great promise in fulfilling this aim. Such phase ascertains the immediate effect puts and outcomes beyond the initial cratic framework already exists, in the economics, education, and other fields will be biased or unachievable. an approach should simultaneously of science spending on employment. It employment effects captured by phase form of the uniform Research to provide evidence about the effects of Numerous case studies estimate that reduce the reporting burden and uses administrative records within par- I. The intent is to leverage revolutionary Performance Progress Report (14). education investments (9). The Center the full outcomes are often felt more increase the period over which outputs ticipating institutions to document how digital technology to capture the broad Implementing the approach might for Evidence-Based Policy has identified than a decade after the research is initi- can be measured. Similarly, text-mining many scientists (including graduate stu- scientific, social, economic, and work- involve providing tools that could high-quality evaluations in a variety of ated. Capturing activities of students is tools and topic-modeling approaches dents, undergraduate students, and force results of science investments. streamline reporting, such as automat- policy areas, ranging from crime to similarly critical; they not only form the can be used to represent the informa- research staff) are supported by federal Almost all scientific activity is eventually ed biographical sketches, profiles, and health care to labor markets (10). workforce of the future but generate sci- tion within proposals and scientific doc- science funding, as well as to capture captured in electronic form. At least ini- annual reports. In cases where data ele- entific, social, and economic activity. uments to describe the nature of scien- information on subawards and subcon- tially, this means we need to develop ments, such as publications and other Developing such a system and the Characterizing the funding and out- tific investments. The design is intended tracts. Only 14 data elements are ways in which scientists' activities can ways of transmitting scientific knowl- associated data infrastructure will comes of interdisciplinary research with- to permit scientists to provide input into required (13); STAR METRICS is now be automatically, rather than manually, edge, can be labeled with unique identi- require financial and intellectual in and across federal agencies will the way in which knowledge is created capturing that information electronically reported to science agencies. Phase II fiers, scientists' reporting burden would resources. Other efforts to put together require being able to describe the struc- and transmitted in their disciplines, as from institutional financial records (with- is likely to take at least 5 years to be reduced. The consensus at a recent a data infrastructure describing the out- ture of proposals, awards, and publica- well as to engage social and behavioral out personal identifiers) without burden achieve the intermediate goals we have technical workshop on this topic was comes of research and development tions (4) and building information sys- scientists for modeling the impact of for the scientists. This process, laid out here. Research institutions are that if the federal agencies set up the (R&D) investments, both by the private tems that link outputs to inputs or infra- interventions. described in detail at https://www.star- developing structured information archi- core empirical infrastructure and data, and the public sectors, no longer func- structure investments. Estimating metrics. nih.gov, has enabled genera- tectures to capture current and more the scientific community could create 16 tion for a variety of reasons (11). The impact not only requires capturing data STAR METRICS began as a small tion of tables and maps of jobs and accurate information about scientists' good software tools for building auto- 17 new focus on accountability, combined and comparing the outputs and out- pilot with seven institutions in July of positions immediately traceable to sci- interests, activities, and accomplish- mated reports (15). with new technology and the broad- comes of the activities of both funded 2009 in cooperation with the Federal ence funding at each institution. Federal ments, including, for example, the VIVO based commitment of key stakeholders, and unfunded scientists but thinking Demonstration Partnership. By May of agencies use the same reports, aggre- Project (http:// vivoweb.org), the Another approach is to use existing may result in a better outcome. carefully about appropriate counterfac- 2010, a Memorandum of Understanding gated from multiple institutions. Source Harvard Profiles System, and others. administrative data, such as these from tuals. It is important to be clear about had been signed with the participating data can be generated with minimal Brazilian science agencies have devel- the U.S. Patent Office, to link patent Currently, key data elements are dis- the policy question of interest and to burden and cost-the typical institution oped a system (Lattes Platform) for data and the associated critical publica- persed across federal agencies and develop a full costbenefit analysis (9). 25 requires less than 20 hours of staff time researchers and scientists to register tions to their intellectual provenance in

research institutions or are in third-party 20 to generate the initial report. and build curricula vitae and to capture federally funded research. (16). That databases. For example, information The STAR METRICS (Science and Subsequent reports are automated. scientific outcomes. The STAR MET- research has already generated insights 15 about what science is being funded is Technology for America's RICS team is beginning to consult with into understanding collaboration net- often neither in structured format nor Reinvestment: Measuring the Effects of 10 A graphic visualization of the type of the scientific community to identify works and the way in which initial systematically shared across agencies; Research on Innovation, 5 report generated for each university is viable approaches. research investments ripple through sci- Proportion of FTE (%) Proportion administrative information about the stu- Competitiveness, and Science) is an 0 shown in the first figure. Science fund- ence. For example, the second figure dents supported by federal funding is attempt to focus both financial and intel- 3.5 ing supports a wide range of occupa- An initial consultation meeting with uses automated analysis of patent data housed at research institutions, but not lectual resources to address some of 3 tions (top), and the nature of research 2.5 by the agencies; and the universe of these challenges in the United States. 2 means that science funding supports Enbrel Pegsunercept 8 data on patents, publications, and cita- The program is being developed by a 1.5 more individuals than are conveyed by $5.867 10 Rituxan Orencia 1 tions is typically maintained by such consortium consisting of the National simple counts of fill-time equivalent 6 Soluble TNF receptor $3.88 10 0.5 third-party sources as the U.S. Patent Institutes of Health (NIH) and the (FTE) workers or students (bottom). Immune cell inhibitors 0

Number of positions per FTE ADAM17, PDE4 p38 MAP kinase and Trademark Office and the Web of National Science Foundation (NSF) Discovery of TNF TNF research Science. Similarly, research institutions, under the auspices of the White House Faculty Phase I also provides estimates of scientist Post grad Post Clinicians

Undergrad Targeting TNF coordinator

rather than federal agencies, typically Office of Science Technology and Policy student Grad how many additional jobs are created IL-1 inhibitors Cancer therapeutics? Technician/staff Research support Research have better access to data on sub- (OSTP). The Department of Energy and assistant/ Research that are directly attributable to firms Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies Kineret awards, vendors, and overhead expen- the Environmental Protection Agency Individuals in occupations supported by science whose goods and services result from funding. (Top) The distribution of FTEs in occupa- Remicade Humira Cimzia Simponi ditures, and these are not typically avail- are joining that consortium. The goal is tions directly supported by science funding. (Bottom) the spending of research institutions. 2009 global pharmaceutical revenues for select drugs $5.46 10 8 $5.04 10 8 $7.94 10 8 able in a way that can be mined and to work collaboratively with research The number of distinct individuals per FTE directly These institutions, unlike federal agen- supported by science funding per FTE. [Source: STAR An example of research investments. Linking the discovery of TNF and its related properties to NIH invest- studied analytically. Reported outputs institutions to build a scientific data METRICS data for 45 institutions, third quarter 2010]. cies, have data that can be used to ments in research grants.

From [Policy Forum Research Funding Measuring the Results of Science Investments] Reprinted with permission from AAAS. From [Policy Forum Research Funding Measuring the Results of Science Investments] Reprinted with permission from AAAS.

Outline of Presentation and scientific connections to trace the areas. 10. Social programs that work, http://evidence- degree in Bioscience Engineering impact relation between research and path from the initial discovery of tumor basedprograms. org/wordpress/. Governance (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, society. Such innovation actors require 11. D. Hicks, paper presented at the workshop necrosis factor (TNF) to successful In addition to the financial resources Belgium). As a PhD researcher he has information about the exploration and Science of Science Measurement, in biotech drugs. We also plan to expand that have been made available, we will Washington, DC, 2 to 3 December 2010; been involved in the project assessment of possible and worthwhile http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/sosp. the use of the existing patent database also need to attract the intellectual 12. S. Rockwell, Res. Manage. Rev. 16, 28 Science 'Nanotechnologies for Tomorrow's scientific and technological develop- to provide automated visualizations of resources of the research community. (2009). Society', a four year academic TA study ments and about policy options that 13. The federal agency and institutional award and technologies supported by NIH- and We believe the scientific challenge is numbers, the overhead charged, the de-iden- on exploring pathways to integrate soci- may foster innovation. As governance NSF-funded research, as well as the compelling: The way in which scientists tifi ed employee ID number and occupation, etal considerations into nanotechnology means making systematic use of the the proportion of earnings allocated to award, Technology firms using them. create, disseminate, and adopt knowl- the FTE status, the subaward recipient DUNS research. He has also postgraduate richness of societal diversity, (re)order- edge in cyberspace is changing in new number (a unique number to identify a busi- qualifications in Science & Technology ing it, and defining its boundaries in iter- ness entity) and payment amount, the vendor We began by asking what scientific and exciting ways, and scientists should Communication. ative governing interactions (Kooiman, DUNS number and payment amount, and the Citizens' disciplines would inform the develop- be fully engaged in describing and proportion of overhead associated with Robby Berloznik is the director of the 2003: 1962), over time policy support salaries. engagement for ment of the system. There are many studying these changes. Collaborations 14. Research Performance Progress Report, Institute Society and Technology. He instruments have been developed that possibilities. For example, knowledge between computer scientists and social www.nsf.gov/bfa/dias/policy/rppr/. social innovation ? holds a degree in political science of the seek to enable the 'strategic' manage- 15. Workshop on Changing the Conduct of organization systems theory may inform scientists can capture these activities by Science in the Information Age, 26 April 2010 Free University of Brussels. After a ment of S&T developments. This variety the conceptual approach, which means of new digital technologies and (Offi ce of International Science and research career in Technology of approaches is the result of Engineering, NSF, Arlington, VA, 2010); requires the maintenance of a set of statistical techniques. We believe that http://scienceofsciencepolicy.net/media/p/714 Assessment he entered the Flemish • the numerous domains in which S&T relations between different areas of sci- the data being generated will attract .aspx. Institute for Technological Research in governance is relevant, 16. L. Fleming, V. Torvik, From Grant to entific knowledge and the maintenance new researchers and students to the Commercialization: An Integrated Mol in 1991 were he became the advi- • the variety of actors involved such as of continuity between past, current, and field. Finally, we hope that the active Demonstration Database Which Permits sor for Technology Assessment to the policy makers, think thank groups, Tracing, Assessing and Measuring the Impact emerging ways of describing science engagement of the federal science poli- of Science Funding (NSF grants 0965279 and managing director. In 1997 he became spokesmen of civil society, citizens, (17). The fact that science is becoming cy community through STAR METRICS 0965341, NSF, Arlington, VA, 2009). research manager in the fields of scientists, engineers, and entrepre- 17. P. Lambe, in (15), pp. 40-47; http://scienceof- increasingly team-oriented may necessi- will help ensure that the scientific sciencepolicy. net/media/p/714.aspx. Technology Assessment, technology neurs, tate drawing on the advances in net- advances in science measurement 18. B. W. Herr II et al., The NIH Visual Browser: foresight and sustainable development. • the different governance levels ranging An Interactive Visualization of Biomedical work analysis and graph theory to move the data available for science poli- Research, paper presented at Information In December 2001 he was appointed by from an individual laboratory or com- describe the complex and changing cy to the same analytical level as the Visualisation, 2009, 13th International the Flemish Parliament as the first direc- pany to global initiatives, Conference, Barcelona, Spain, 12 to 17 July nature of scientific collaboration. Even data available for the study of educa- 2009, pp. 505-509; http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ tor of the Institute Society and • various economic, ethical and legal 18 something as seemingly straightforward tion, labor, and health-care policy. xpl/freeabs_all. jsp?arnumber=5190811. Technology. Robby Berloznik is an perspectives and motivations, 19 19. J. N. Cummings, S. Kiesler, Soc. Stud. Sci. as describing what science is being 35, 703 (2005). Johan Evers expert and advisor in Technology • and the many challenges having to be done, which is beyond the current 20. The opinions expressed are those of the Assessment methodology and foresight. addressed, including the identification authors and may not refl ect the policies of reporting capacity of many science NSF or NIH. He was assistant to the Chair of the EU and/or prediction of possible and likely ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ agencies, may draw on recent References and Notes High-Level Expert Group on Foresight R&D trajectories, the evaluation of 1 advances in topic modeling (18). 1. C. Macilwain, Nature 465, 682 (2010). 11 FEBRUARY 2011 VOL 331 SCIENCE About the authors for Europe and member of the High (potential) (in)direct positive and nega- 2. P. Orszag, J. Holdren, Science and Technology www.sciencemag.org Priorities for the FY 2012 Budget [memoran- Published by AAAS Johan Evers is a senior project man- Level Expert Group on Blueprints for tive impacts, the exploration of differ- There are interesting questions to be dum], 12 July 2010; www.whitehouse.gov/ ager at the Institute Society and Regional Foresight. Recently he was ent and new forms of public participa- sites/default/fi les/omb/assets/ memoran- answered with the restructured data. da_2010/m10-30.pdf. Technology and has been involved in asked by the Organization for Economic tion or S&T regulation, and the recog- For example, what types of funding are 3. D. E. Stokes, Pasteur's Quadrant: Basic several projects concerning digital Co-operation and Development (OECD) nition of the expert role in a media- Science and Technological Innovation most successful? Preliminary evidence (Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC, exclusion and inclusion. In November as an expert in working groups on tized society and politics (Evers, 2009: suggests that the structure and type of 1997). 2010 he organized a three day technol- Public Participation in Science and on 143-1443). 4. Committee on National Statistics, Data on multiuniversity and multidisciplinary col- Federal Research and Development ogy event in the Flemish parliament on Social Innovation. 2 Kooiman, J. (2003). Governing as governance. SAGE Investments: A Pathway to Modernization Publishing Ltd, London, United Kingdom, 264p. laborations matter (19). How important digitization of contemporary society. 1Contact: [email protected] T: (National Research Council, National 3 Evers, J. (2009). Small things matter. On technosci- +325524051 - Address: Institute Society and are institutions, like biological resource Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2010). Since April 2011 he is involved in the entific mediation and human agency. Doctoral thesis Technology - Flemish Parliament - 1011 Brussels centers, in stimulating research? What 5. A. Arora, A. Gambardella, in Contributions in project 'Parliaments and Civil Society in nr. 873, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Memory of Zvi Griliches, J. Mairesse, M. Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, 272p. evidence supports the notion that it is Trajtenberg, Eds. (National Bureau of Economic Technology Assessment', a four year ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ better (or worse) to fund junior versus Research, Cambridge, MA, 2010), pp. 91-115. European project aiming at increasing 6. Interagency Task Group on Science Policy, The senior researchers? What are the Science of Science Policy: A Federal Research the capacity and enhancing the institu- Introduction More recently, there is growing atten- employment and earnings outcomes for Roadmap (Offi ce of Science and Technology tional foundation for knowledge based The significant increase in science tion to social innovation governance, Policy, Washington DC, 2008). students trained in science? An open 7. C. Macilwain, Nature 463, 291 (2010). policy making on issues involving sci- and technology (S&T) developments in which can be broadly defined as gov- and transparent approach, as well as 8. EUFORDIA conclusions and recommendations, ence, technology and innovation mainly the course of the twentieth century has erning activities that see the 'social' as a Czech Presidency of the Council of the EU full scientific engagement, is necessary. (Prague, Czech Republic, 2009); www.eufor- based upon the diversity of practices in laid the basis for S&T governance to key modifier and enabler for value cre- Federal agencies typically do not have dia2009.eu/dokums_raw/ eufordiaconclusionsfi parliamentary Technology Assessment. become a pressing and important policy ation from which society should benefit. nal2doc_1216100183.pdf. resources to build complex models and 9. J. Smith, A. Sweetman, in Strengthening He has a Msc. degree and a PhD. activity. Actors involved in the manage- The 'social' generally refers to social develop analytical techniques necessary Evidence-Based Policy in the Australian ment of science, technology and society needs, social problems and social val- Federation, Volume 1: Proceedings to tease out the marginal and average (Productivity Commission, Canberra, Australia, Johan Evers: Project manager at Institute have been confronted with the complex, ues that are to be taken into account in impact of interventions in different 2010), pp. 59-101. Society and Technology unpredictable and even troublesome order to favor society. Social gover-

From [Policy Forum Research Funding Measuring the Results of Science Investments] Reprinted with permission from AAAS.

Outline of Presentation nance creates value when it results in a On the one hand, this article argues to contribute to the formation of public nuclear energy and biotechnology have Europe that established TA institutions image that science and technology have more sustainable, more efficient, more and illustrates that citizen participation, and political opinion on societal aspects illustrated that the transfer of accurate linked to governments gradually an inevitable, determined way of evolv- effective and/or more just social situa- as it is implemented in the Flemish par- of science and technology' (Decker & and consistent information, and swift increased. Technology Assessment ing. Furthermore it contests that science tion than without the governing activi- liamentary Technology Assessment Ladikas, 2004: 145). TA is oriented communication on the state-of-the-art activities that are taken up by institu- and technology realizations are merely ties. institute, is a useful instrument to tackle towards assessing the intended and of S&T developments and policies for tions specializing in advising parliamen- tools or instruments through which In the context of science and technol- the huge challenges that lie in front of us unintended consequences of techno- future directions between all these tary bodies in Europe are called 'parlia- humans satisfy their needs and reach ogy, the turn to social innovation can be to make social innovation the new cor- logical developments and applications actors are significant bottlenecks. mentary Technology Assessment' insti- their goals. On the one hand, construc- highlighted in various ways. The first nerstone of thinking about future inno- for society and strives to formulate poli- The analytical approaches used in TA tutions. At present, Europe has a net- tion implies that there is 'de-construc- interpretation highlights that S&T appli- vation and science and technology poli- cy advice to govern these conse- activities may vary significantly and work of 13 parliamentary TA institutions, tion' and 're-construction' leaving room cations are means to create new solu- cy. On the other hand it raises some quences in a socially robust way depend, amongst others, on the institu- i.e. European Parliamentary Technology for alterations, alternatives and multiple tions to pressing social needs including critical consideration as to how quality (Kastenhofer, 2010: 396). The overall tional context, the problem-driven Assessment or EPTA9. trajectories. On the other hand, con- issues in environment, climate change, criteria about participation can be philosophy of TA can be summarized as issue(s) at stake, the available scientific struction is grounded in the understand- housing, transportation, health care, via- defined and put into practice. the “commitment to reduce human and technological knowledge and the 8 Hronszky, I. (2001). Toward “lay” participation ing that S&T and society jointly impact and co-operative learning in TA, technology policy bility of (local) communities, and educa- costs of trial and error learning in soci- nature of the societal and or political con- and construction of technologies. In: each other. Finally, the nature of analy- ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ tion. Hence it maximizes the potential of ety's handling of new technologies. In troversy. Even though TA practices use Interdisciplinarity in technology assessment. ses is prospective rather than evalua- Implementation and its chances ad limits. Ethics S&T for social innovation. As virtually Technology Assessment order to reduce these costs, general or scientific analysis procedures, TA is not of Science and Technology assessment. Decker, tive. Hence, through independent every society on this planet hopes for as a source for social specific potential impacts are anticipat- hard science; rather TA practices may be M. (Ed.). Springer- Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, research and communication the focus innovation governance Germany: 95-122. societal improvement through scientific ed and these insights are fed back into influenced by a variety of analytical 9 EPTA has two regional parliamentary TA institu- is on performing anticipatory assess- and technological progress, there is Initiatives aiming at S&T governance actors' decision making strategies” approaches and policy tools including tions (Catalonia, Spain and Flanders, Belgium) and ments, inciting deliberative processes, eleven national parliamentary TA institutions 7 indeed a significant trust in science and of contemporary societies traditionally (Schot & Rip, 1997: 251 ). social sciences, science communication, (Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, and providing recommendations to S&T technology to deliver answers to local focus on (potentially) positive, negative Over the last decades, TA has Foresight studies, Ethical, Legal, and Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland decision makers rather than delivering and United Kingdom). and global challenges. The second and ambivalent public and political evolved significantly and it has become Social Issues (ELSI) approaches, and evaluation reports on existing innovation interpretation of social innovation relates responses related to the impact of tech- an umbrella concept for a variety of Science and Technology Studies (STS). Despite institutional and operational policies and governance. to the incorporation and institutionaliza- nological developments. Such respons- approaches and practices. Broadly, it differences, practices of parliamentary ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ tion of various knowledge sources es are often assessed through analyzing can be summarized that the outcomes TA institutions share some common besides the traditional scientific expert- ethical, legal, economic and social impli- of a TA endeavor aim at being a strate- Parliamentary characteristics. First, parliamentary TA Parliamentary ise. It focuses more on the democratiza- cations, and health and safety risk gic and inspiring source for broader dis- Technology Assessment institutions have their respective parlia- Technology Assessment 20 tion of S&T governance. The number, aspects of science and technology cussion to empower policy makers and The first, largest and best-known TA- ment as their first and foremost client in Flanders (Belgium) 21 type and relative weight of aspects and developments. Technology assessment other relevant stakeholders in the com- institute (the Office of Technology and therefore try as much as possible to The Flemish10 parliamentary TA insti- interests that are taken into account in or TA is an umbrella term that refers to plex process of decision-making. There Assessment or OTA) was established in gear their activities to the needs of this tution, 'Institute Society and Technology the decision-making process have such exploration and assessment of is, however, no standard 'recipe' for 1972 in the United States of America parliament and its constituting parlia- (IST)11' was founded by a Flemish changed over the last decades. The new socio-technical developments in doing TA because each TA practice has and functioned until 1996 (Vig & mentary committees. Secondly, they decree in 2000 and is still one of third interpretation of social innovation is order to provide governance support. its unique set of objectives, starting situ- Paschen, 2000: 4). It had an analytical frame their activities from a problem- youngest members of the EPTA net- grounded in the understanding that if Contemporary TA, particularly in the ation and process. approach with the aim of supporting driven perspective rather than a tech- work. IST is an autonomous organiza- interactions between different innovation context of policy making, includes par- decision-makers with knowledge and nology-driven perspective. Hence, their tion joined to the Flemish parliament 4 Klüver, L. et al. (2000). European Participatory actors including the broader public, take ticipatory activities as dialogue and Technology Assessment (EUROPTA). The Danish political options. The early ambitions of analyses do not merely start from the that makes recommendations to the place in an early-stage, broadened, deliberation means for promoters of Board of Technology, Copenhagen, Denmark, TA were to provide comprehensive demands and expectations of traditional members of the Flemish parliament on 186p. constructive and enriched fashion, the S&T (e.g. scientists, engineers and inno- 5 Decker, M. & M. Ladikas (2004). Bridges knowledge and to realize early warning innovation actors such as scientists, science and technology matters and social robustness of these develop- vation agencies), and for S&T deman- between science, society and policy: technology capabilities by recruiting natural scien- engineers and entrepreneurs who are that informs relevant stakeholders and assessment - methods and impacts. Springer ments can be improved and such ders (e.g. regulative agencies, pressure Science & Business, Berlin, Germany, 250p. tists and engineers in the policy promoting science and technology the general public. Technology assess- actors are better equipped to steer groups, citizens, and consumers). Their 6 Kastenhofer, K. (2010).Do we need a specific process. This 'expertocratic' model in developments. Rather, they start from ment, as performed by IST, rests on kind of technoscience assessment? Taking con- them. To overcome the strict separation ideas, concerns and resources serve to vergence of science and technology seriously. which experts, often restricted to natural concerns and hopes of (potentially) three pillars: mapping out knowledge between innovation design and innova- incite responsible (social) innovation. Poiesis & Praxis, 7(1&2), 37-54. scientists, engineers and economists, affected stakeholders and users, includ- that is relevant for the policy-making 7 Schot, J. & A. Rip (1997). The Past and Future of tion impact, between research and pub- Moreover, the processes in a participa- Constructive Technology assessment. were summoned to widen knowledge ing citizens, policy makers, NGOs and process, starting a constructive dia- lic and between policy and public, the tory TA format are seen as “arenas for Technological Forecasting & Social Change, pools, gradually evolved into various TA regulators of the applications of new logue between the involved parties 54(2&3): 251-268. 'upstreaming' principle has emerged. social policy-making” (Klüver et al., models with a common emphasis on technologies. Thirdly, the exploration (experts, stakeholders, public, and According to this principle, one has to 2000: 234), meaning that they provide participation, co-construction and co- and assessment of (new) socio-techni- politicians), and supporting the policy- move governance activities related to opportunities to contribute to the social From its inception to the present, TA operative learning of a variety of actors cal developments in order to provide making by supplying information and the impact, which normally occur often dimension of more sustainable and has fostered the sharing of information (Hronszky, 2001: 97; 1048). In the decision support have become one of policy recommendations on science too late to be fully effective, forward in more socially robust S&T developments between relevant actors with diverse 1980s, five European countries - United the main functions and thus motivations and technology. time. From an upstreaming perspective, and hence contribute to foster social backgrounds in different interactions: Kingdom, Denmark, France, Germany to initiate a parliamentary TA practice. As a parliamentary TA organization, reflections on the course of new devel- innovation. scientist-scientist, scientist-politician, and The Netherlands - founded Moreover, they adopt a constructivist IST supports the decision-making opments and societal transitions can be Technology assessment can be scientist-public, politician-public, public- Technology Assessment agencies mod- logic, rather than determinist or accept- process of the Flemish representatives, brought anywhere along the trajectory, understood as 'a scientific, interactive public or a combination of all actors. eled after OTA. In the 1990's and ance logic. The constructivist logic with regard to science and technology but preferably in the early stages. and communicative process that aims Past emerging technologies such as 2000's, the number of countries in refutes the traditional and deeply rooted policy. Nevertheless, IST is not directly

Outline of Presentation involved in the actual decision-making, duction to participatory methods and grants the public rights and imposes obli- World Wide Views on Global Warming festival' method that was implemented ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ neither in its implementation. Those contains general guidelines and tips for gations to governments regarding their twice by IST. The first technology festi- areas belong to the exclusive responsi- participatory methods. The second part accountability, transparency and respon- Inspirational Flemish In 2009 IST collaborated in the proj- val was organized in November 2007 on bility of the members of parliament and is a detailed description of 13 participa- siveness (Stec & Casey-Lefkowitz, 2000: cases related to (citi- ect 'World Wide Views on Global nanosciences and nanotechnologies, the competent ministers. But it does tory methods. The last part is a brief 114). In the context of S&T governance, zen) participation Warming' (WWViews), jointly organized the second in November 2010 on infor- contribute to the policy-making process description of 50 participatory methods promoters of S&T innovation and other Although all parliamentary TA institu- by the Danish Board of Technology and mation and communication technolo- by supplying knowledge about the and techniques for easy reference. affected stakeholders such as interested tions play an intermediate role with the Danish Cultural Institute (Denmark). gies. In both cases it was a three-day underlying scientific foundations and by The Institute Society and Technology and lay citizens are invited to participate regard to the three societal arenas (sci- WWViews was a global project, in which event with a mixture of infotainment studying the social acceptance of new tries as much as possible to gear its and deliberate on technological and soci- ence, politics and the public sphere), citizens were asked about their views activities for a variety of experts, stake- technologies. It makes recommenda- activities to the needs of the Flemish etal priorities for present or future IST operates more according to the on global warming and climate policy. holders and the broader public. In tions on what can be done, rather than parliament and to thematically follow the research and formulate suggestions on interactive model, hereby focusing on Its main objective was to give citizens 2007, there was a one day event for on what should be done. Hence, IST is current scientific and technological how to innovate purposefully and con- the intersection between politics and around the world the possibility to con- scholars, while in 2010 there was a characterized by cooperation with the trends, which are relevant for Flanders. structively. The notions of information and the public sphere (Hennen & Ladikas, tribute with their views on some of the workshop day for civil servants. Both Flemish parliament and with external Therefore, IST carries out regular 'trend participation acknowledge that - through 2009: 4616). During its nearly 10 years key issues addressed at the United technology festivals had a public day, in independent research institutes. watche13', to make an inventory of the the involvement of various stakeholders - of existence, IST has implemented and Nations Climate Change Conference which the Flemish parliament opened its In practice, the Institute Society and current trends in the development of the management of S&T developments refined different participatory approach- 2009 (COP15) in Copenhagen doors for everybody to experience new Technology achieves its goals by: science and technology. Especially can benefit from multiple perspectives. es that involved citizens. In these sec- (Denmark) on December 7-18, 2009, in science and technology developments • making brief preliminary evaluations; themes with a clear societal impact on Stakeholders are valuable (i.e. interesting tions, three illustrations of past partici- order to influence the negotiations and and to debate on the societal impact. • outsourcing longer and more compre- Flemish areas of responsibility are taken and relevant) sources of information for patory approaches are described the future of global climate policy. The The infotainment activities included an hensive evaluations to national or into consideration. The trend watch enriching these developments and poli- below. The focus is here on the flow of overarching purpose was to demon- exposition area (in which Flemish univer- international experts or research inventory is subsequently fine-tuned in cies, or valuable recipients for information the participatory practices, and not on strate that political decision-making sities, research centers and companies teams; consultation with other European TA and education concerning these develop- their substantive outcomes. processes on a global scale were to demonstrated new insights, applications • organizing a constructive, suitable and institutions within the EPTA network, ments and policies, or both. benefit when everyday people partici- and services), a science theater18, a properly-scaled dialogue among the with the Flemish scientific and techno- Participation can be subdivided into Public forum on genetically modified pate. Around 100 citizens from each of video cabin, an audio wall, art perform- stakeholders; logical stakeholders, and with the consultation and active participation. The foods the 38 participating countries met in ances, debates, workshops and tutori- • drawing up recommendations for the responsible commissions within the notion active participation refers to the their own countries to engage in a als. Flemish parliament; Flemish parliament. On the basis of this highest level of public involvement. In TA The first example was the first project structured dialogue, which aimed at 16 Hennen, L. & Ladikas, M. (2009). Embedding 22 • getting back to the regional, national inventory, IST defines its yearly work approaches and democratic societies in conducted by IST. In November 2002 a answering an identical set of questions. society in European science and technology policy 23 and international organizations that program. general information, consultation and sample of randomly selected Flemish The dialogue was supported by well- advice. In: Ladikas, M. (Ed.): Embedding society in science and technology policy - European and are involved in the scientific and tech- active participation are present. It might citizens received a letter from IST. On balanced information material. Scientific Chinese perspectives. European Commission, 10 Flanders is the northern federal state within the Brussels, 39 - 63. nological decisions; nation Belgium and has its own legislative and therefore be better to speak of different behalf of the Flemish parliament they experts, political decision makers and a 17 The report of WWViews can be consulted via executive powers including broad and exclusive • making a yearly analysis of the current levels of 'engagement'. were invited to participate in a public diverse range of other stakeholders www.wwviews.org domestic and international responsibilities. 18 A science theater is a stage play performance societal and political needs, and S&T Flanders is, amongst others, competent for sci- Granting effective access to informa- forum on genetically modified foods. were invited to contribute to the formu- followed by a discussion. trends. ence and innovation. At present (March 2011), tion, enhancing public understanding of None of them knew what a public forum lation of both the questions and the there is no federal TA institution in Belgium and no Since its foundation, IST has dealt regional TA body in Wallonia. S&T developments and policies, democ- entailed, and none of them were (or information material. The face-to-face ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ with quite a variety of technologies, from 11 The original name of IST was Flemish Institute ratization, legitimization and social learn- have become) experts in the field of citizens consultations, the WWViews, for Science and Technology Assessment (viWTA). biotechnologies, through mobility tech- In 2008 viWTA was renamed into its current ing processes are major purposes for genetically modified food. Fourteen citi- were carried out in the participating Some considerations nologies, energy technologies, informa- name, Institute Society and Technology. For read- public engagement in governance. The zens finally accepted the challenge. countries almost simultaneously and a regarding (citizen) partici- ability reasons, the name IST will be used through- pation in parliamentary TA tion and communication technologies out the text. issue of social learning is distinct from During two weekends they explored this few months before the COP15. The and nanotechnologies, and fertility tech- 12 Steyaert, S. & H. Lisoir (2005). Participatory merely attempting to improve the public complex theme and their own attitudes results were gathered and presented The explicit introduction of public par- Methods Toolkit. A practitioner's manual. Belgian nologies. For that purpose, it applied a Advertising, 210 pages. The manual can be understanding of S&T (Genus, 2006: towards food. They then identified dif- continuously for comparison on a public ticipation in Technology Assessment broad range of analytical and participa- downloaded for free via www.samenlevingentech- 1515). It refers to the process in which ferent controversial or vague topics, and homepage as the results from the differ- procedures has not only improved the

nologie.be 17 tory methods and approaches: explo- 13 The most recent trend watch of IST can be actors learn new perspectives, attitudes chose reference persons for question- ent WWViews were reported . The democratization of science and technol- rative survey studies, parliamentary downloaded for free via www.samenlevingentech- and skills by interacting with other actors. ing. In May 2003 they met during two questions asked at the WWViews made ogy but also caused tensions concern- nologie.be hearings, theatre plays, essays, inter- Social learning thus fosters the empower- days in the Flemish parliament, looking statistical comparison of the answers in ing the validity and the legitimacy of the views with experts and stakeholders, ment of each involved actor vis-à-vis for answers to their questions and argu- different countries possible, but citizens assessment and policy support role ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ retrospective trend analyses, consensus existing, new and emerging socio-techni- ing with the reference persons and the were also be given the opportunity to stemming from 'experts' and 'lay per- conferences, public forums, citizen con- The principle of (citizen) cal questions. public. They then discussed the results phrase their own recommendations for sons'. This tension is related to the ventions, technology festivals, didactical engagement in parlia- of their experiences and drew up a list national and international political deci- question about who effectively provides packages for scholars, etcetera. In mentary TA 14 Stec, S. & S. Casey-Lefkowitz (2000). The of recommendations. The final report sion makers. information and advice to actors Aarhus Convention: An implementation guide. 2005, IST published the publication In the European Union, public access Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva, presented an overview of activities and engaged in the political sphere. named 'Participatory Methods Toolkit. A to information and participation in deci- Switzerland, 186p. a list of the questions they had, the Technology festivals on nanotech- Another critique often raised relates 15 Genus, A. (2006). Rethinking constructive tech- 12 practitioner's manual' , a joint publica- sion-making are basic human rights that nology assessment as democratic, reflective, dis- answers they found and the recommen- nologies and digital technologies to the issue of representation. If TA tion with the King Baudouin foundation. have been incorporated in the Aarhus course. Technological Forecasting and Social dations to the Flemish parliament on the practices involve citizens and present Change, 73(1): 13-26. The first part of this manual is an intro- Convention (1998). This Convention topic of genetically modified food. The third example is the 'technology the results from citizen participation

Outline of Presentation activities, how do they respond to the interests and thus enhances the social ent about the methodologies used and showed us the potential for creative in behaviours as well as in technologies. expectation that these opinions repre- robustness of possible and worthwhile the aims of the TA activity's outcomes, Mass Localism:community solutions, and taught us Our practical experience has shown that sent the opinions and views of the com- S&T policy options. and are open for multiple discourses a way some important lessons in how to sup- communities can be particularly effec- munity, to say for instance the Flemish After several decades of TA practices such as including art performances and port this to scale. tive at identifying and supporting ways population? This expectation of repre- and experiences, it is a continuous chal- philosophical contributions. to help to change behaviour, maximising local sentation is often expressed by policy lenge to evaluate participatory prac- small NESTA is an independent body with a resources and building networks for makers as a condition to maximize the tices, and thus to define and implement 19 Abels, G. (2007). Citizen involvement in public mission to make the UK more innova- change. Communities are critical actors policy-making: Does it improve democratic legiti- communities validity of the results emerging from evaluation or quality criteria. The defini- macy and accountability? The case of pTA. tive. We invest in early stage compa- in social innovation, where innovation is such participatory activities. tion and implementation of such criteria Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, 13(1): 103- solve nies, inform government policy, and prompted by need and social purpose 116. Citizen participation activities are are needed if TA analysts and practi- big social deliver practical programmes that rather than invention.2 often time-consuming as they requires tioners want to be able to assess the inspire and support others to solve the ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ challenges 2 For detailed analysis and description of social innova- an intense preparation period including impact of participatory activities and major social and economic challenges tion in practice, see Robin Murray, Julie Caulier-Grice, design of the participatory script, selec- practices. Without making claim to be Conclusions of the future. Our work is based on a Geoff Mulgan, The Open Book of Social Innovation (London: NESTA and the Young Foundation, 2010). tion of possible candidates, ensuring exhaustive and by means of stimulating When challenged to think about blend of practical experimentation, eval- the actual presence of engaged citi- further discussions, 6 different notions social innovation and more particular uation and research work, from which zens, analysis of substantive outcomes, (inclusiveness, comprehensiveness, fair- about how social innovation could be we draw lessons for government, poli- So this is where NESTA started to linking the outcomes to policy context ness, social learning, consensual deci- more firmly established in policy-mak- cymakers and practitioners.1 experiment, to develop our own method and providing feedback to the partici- sion-making and process design) are ing, every useful angle that brings extra for driving community-led innovation pants. This process may raise concerns highlighted here as potential evaluation knowledge needs to be explored. 1 For more information about NESTA, please visit that is prompted by a social issue. www.nesta.org.uk in relation to the (social) return on criteria. Further discussions are needed Mutual learning between communities ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ investment and to the validation of to assess whether they are useful in that study and manage science, tech- ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ anticipated impact. daily TA practices. The criterion of inclu- nology and innovation is needed. If we Driving community-led Three types of arguments are fre- siveness refers to the assessment want to face the challenge of transform- Why is community-led innovation: NESTA's Big quently used in participatory TA formats whether all participants and their point ing traditional innovation thinking into innovation important? Green Challenge to justify the involvement of stakehold- of views have the opportunity to engage one where societal needs and demands ers other than S&T experts: instrumen- in the participatory process. The criteri- steer and enable the drivers for science We collectively face real, pressing Inspired by technological innovation tal, normative and substantive argu- on of comprehensiveness relates to and technology policy, innovation and challenges in promoting physical health prizes such as the X-Prize and 24 ments. These arguments are rationales whether all interests are represented economic growth, then the exchange of Laura Bunt and wellbeing, responding to demo- InnoCentive, NESTA designed a social 25 of imperatives for the conceptualization and/or all arguments can be heard. ideas, concepts and practices is vital. If graphic shifts and supporting an ageing challenge prize model to engage a and practice of participatory exercises Whether all participants have equal societal values and preferences are inte- population, tackling global social envi- broad set of actors in the process of ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ and they are often linked to other salient chances for participation in TA practices grated into policy-making, then ronmental and economic challenges generating and scaling innovations - we notions such as legitimacy, accountabil- is of concern in the fairness or respect Technology Assessment (TA) and par- Engaging communities in innovation such as climate change, fighting dis- called it the Big Green Challenge. This ity, responsiveness, responsibility, criterion. The social learning criterion ticularly participatory TA can contribute is important in tackling the complexity ease, employment, access to clean was an issue-led approach to incen- integrity, controllability and efficiency aims to determine whether the process to this learning process. TA practices in and interdependent nature of the many water, drug misuse, loneliness, poor tivise knowledge creation and enter- (Abels, 2007: 105-10619), but also to of participation ensures building up which citizen participation forms a part challenges we face globally. mental health and social isolation. prise, prompted by a social issue. In this democracy, trust and responsible S&T reflexivity capacity amongst participants of producing knowledge about societal Communities can be effective actors in Poverty reduction, social justice and case, climate change. governance. Such notions are often and empowers them to take further drivers of science, technology and inno- innovation if they are given the right kind environmental sustainability are major taken for granted or considered intrinsi- actions. Social learning is thus more vation are useful as a source of inspira- of incentives and support, but we need social issues that affect all of us. Launched in 2007, the Big Green cally desirable. While instrumental argu- than improving public understanding; it tion to articulate and identify societal new methods, new policies and Challenge was a £1 million social chal- ments (e.g. participation increases the is about empowering the involved par- values and preferences and - eventually approaches to facilitate this more effec- We wanted to explore the potential lenge prize for communities to design, legitimacy of and trust in decision-mak- ticipants and the targeted audience. - develop social innovation. Citizen par- tively. for communities to engage in innovation develop and deliver responses to cli- ing) are more concerned with the out- The criterion of consensual decision- ticipation is a useful instrument to tackle in response to such challenges. These mate change. The challenge prize was comes of participation exercises, nor- making relates to the assessment the huge challenges that lie in front of us In this session, the panel explored the issues cannot be met by technological carefully constructed to encourage mative arguments (e.g. participation is whether all participants achieve a com- to make social innovation the new cor- potential of community-led innovation in innovation alone. These are complex, widespread engagement - over 300 about fostering the process of decision- mon opinion on an aspect of science nerstone of thinking about future inno- addressing social challenges. My contri- social issues that are hugely diverse and communities and over 1500 people got making and about ensuring inclusion, and technology policy that is agreed vation and science and technology poli- bution drew on our experience at the affected by local conditions, human involved in developing innovations at a equity, and empowerment of partici- upon by a group as a whole. In prac- cy. It remains, however, an ongoing UK's National Endowment for Science, behaviour and socioeconomic circum- local level, working within their local pants) refer to the process of participa- tice, however, not every participatory endeavor to develop and implement Technology and the Arts (NESTA) of stance. In climate change for example, it area to reduce carbon emissions.3

tion. Like instrumental arguments, sub- activity aspires or should aspire to a quality criteria that may grasp the instru- running an innovation challenge prize for is also important that we all reduce our 3 For further discussion of NESTA's Big Green stantive arguments refer to outcomes consensual outcome. Sometimes it suf- mental, substantive and normative ratio- community-led responses to climate carbon consumption as it is that we Challenge, see Using Social Challenge Prizes to Support Social Innovation (London: NESTA, 2011). rather than processes. However, sub- fices to collect diverse and conflicting nales in the participation paradigm. change. Running the challenge prize invest in carbon capture or developing stantive arguments emphasize for views or to probe temporary closure of alternative energy sources. instance that involving citizens enriches the debate. The criterion of process Laura Bunt: JST RISTEX, Designing for An open challenge prize model was Social Challenges workshop the innovation discourse beyond the design, finally, relates to what extent TA AAAS Science without Borders, February This is why community-led innovation (at the time) novel to the UK's social traditional economic preferences and analysts and practitioners are transpar- 2011 is so important, as we need innovation sector, so we set out to test its design

Outline of Presentation features to learn what could be applica- The staged process was also instru- Challenge, Green Valleys installed a leveraging and supporting community- • Support and finance - challenge and showcased in the panel at this work- ble elsewhere. We identified three core mental in helping both funders and number of community-owned, hydro led, social innovation. The communities advice as valuable as cash shop). NESTA is building on this features that made the challenge prize competitors manage risk, while clear electric power turbines, just one of who took part in the Big Green research and practical experience with effective in leveraging and supporting and transparent stages within the over- which will generate over 80 per cent of Challenge achieved significant carbon Sometimes what communities need a range of new programmes, including community-led innovation: all process helped them make informed the electricity needed by the local com- reductions, but we also discovered a is access to advice, networks or institu- the Neighbourhood Challenge - a larger, choices as to how and whether to con- munity. But rather than just introducing way to join up distributed efforts tional guidance rather than finance. This more ambitious version of the Big Green • An open access approach, with a very tinue. a new technology and assuming its towards a wider, collective goal. The was an important lesson from the Big Challenge. Watch this space. open set of criteria at the first stage: uptake, the Green Valleys team led an Big Green Challenge taught us how to Green Challenge; that in supporting ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ In the third stage, 10 finalists devel- intensive local education campaign combine local innovation with national community-led innovation a mix of sup- The Big Green Challenge prize inten- oped their projects for a whole year and around climate change to drum-up sup- impact and scale-an approach we port is necessary rather than just pro- Laura Bunt, NESTA tionally set low barriers to entry to help were closely monitored and evaluated port for the project. They put on more came to term “Mass Localism.”4 viding cash up-front. Bio: Laura Bunt is an advisor on pub-

find and mobilise new problem solvers against their main objective - reducing than 60 public lectures to get people 4 Laura Bunt and Michael Harris, Mass Localism: lic and social innovation at the UK's beyond the usual suspects. Application carbon emissions in their communities. thinking and talking about climate A way to help small communities solve big social • Remove barriers to participation National Endowment for Science, challenges (London: NESTA, 2010). criteria were loose and very broad, and The 10 final projects were wonderfully change. Technology and the Arts (NESTA). She NESTA explicitly invited proposals from varied, from urban farming and food The individual and shared experience has co-authored a number of publica- any non-profit group whether formally projects to community energy invest- As a result of actions taken during the Mass localism is a way to achieve of projects can help to illuminate the tions on social innovation and public constituted or not. This was coupled ment, from an island going carbon neu- Big Green Challenge year, Green scale through local intervention, by con- conditions necessary for community service reform. She previously worked with a direct, extensive outreach strate- tral to a networked home energy serv- Valleys will reduce CO2 emissions in the necting lots of community-led innova- action, and identify existing barriers to for the Royal Society for the Arts, gy to encourage applications from those ice. area by between 370 and 435 tonnes tion to respond to a major social issue. designing and delivering local solutions Manufacturing and Commerce (the who may not have thought of them- per year, a reduction of 20-23 per cent. This has a range of possible applica- of various kinds. The challenge prize RSA), and the leading public policy think selves as innovators. In 2010, we announced the four win- This impact is set to increase; with 40 tions, most obviously in complex, process can in this light be seen as a tank Demos. She has a BA (Hons) in ners-a micro-hydro power generation hydro schemes planned to be installed behavioural challenges such as environ- useful tool for gathering intelligence, and Classics from Oxford University. • Setting and rewarding clear social or scheme, a local Household Energy in the next four years, Green Valleys mental sustainability, health promotion, could be used in inform future interven- environmental outcomes, not just Service, a low carbon community trust could reduce emissions by 1,670 to and reducing re-offending. From our tions in supporting local action and ini- process: and a carbon neutral island. All four 2,000 tonnes per year - the equivalent evaluation of the Big Green Challenge, tiative. achieved significant reductions in C02 of over 500 households successfully NESTA outlined five key principles that In order to generate momentum, the emissions of between 10 and 32% in a meeting government's 2020 target of a indicate how governments can support • Reward outcomes, not just activity 26 Big Green Challenge set one clear, very short time period. But the success 34 per cent reduction in CO2 emissions this sort of approach: 27 measurable outcome - to reduce car- of the programme lies not just in the many years early. Practically, this means rewarding bon emissions in a local area. The clarity performance of the finalists, but in the • Inspire challenge - promote a clear, achievement of the 'what' rather than of intention gave focus. Combined with spread of applicants who chose to The Green Valleys is demonstrative of measurable outcome the 'how' of community-led innovation, a tight timetable, this generated urgency progress their own projects despite not a hyper-local but networked approach focusing on the impact of activity rather and momentum which was supported making it to the final stage. to developing alternative energy The Big Green Challenge participants than the activity per se. This represents by credible information on progress. sources. Led by a vivacious and enter- welcomed the emphasis on outcomes, a shift away from traditional grant giving. ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Specifying the outcome, but not the prising team, not only did they ramp-up allowing space for innovation in design- process, meant that imagination was Spotlight on success: demand for alternative energy sources, ing and delivering the most effective Supporting more community-led not limited. the Green Valleys but they built a coalition and community approach. This gave communities the innovation implies a different approach ownership around the project that was licence to tailor solutions to local need, to policymaking. Instead of assuming • A staged process, with help for devel- One of the four winners of the Big critical to its success. This is reflective of rather than prescribing the solution from that the best solutions need to be led opment of ideas and graduated Green Challenge was the Green Valleys, our in depth evaluation of other commu- the centre. centrally or 'authorised' by policymak- rewards: a community-owned micro hydro power nities' success. We found that overall, ers, mass localism is about creating scheme in the Brecon Beacons in locally-led schemes were particularly • Presume community capacity to inno- more opportunities for communities to As the challenge prize offered a Wales. The team wanted to create a effective at instigating and sustaining vate develop their own solutions and to learn staged process that was progressively local sustainable energy markets, sup- behaviour change, and raising local and adapt from each other. It is not as more demanding of participants, all Big porting the community to reduce their public awareness of an issue. Inherent in the design of the Big simple as removing bureaucracy and Green Challenge participants were own carbon emissions and explore the Green Challenge was a belief that com- allowing 1000 flowers to bloom, but ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ actively encouraged to iterate, change potential of alternative energy sources. munities could, with appropriate sup- depends on more active support to and adapt their ideas as shifting circum- By setting up community renewable Mass localism: realising port, develop and deliver their own remove barriers and value achievement. stances required. Demands were met energy schemes and reinvesting rev- the potential of commu- responses to big social challenges. with reward, both in the form of financial enue in community-based carbon nity-led innovation Such a belief is not universally apparent Of course, the Big Green Challenge is support, and critical advice and chal- reduction projects, the team aims to in the design of many government initia- just one method to incentivise and sup- lenge. In the final stage of the process, make the region a net exporter of sus- Something special happened here. tives, but it is the first and most funda- port community-led innovation, mobilis- ten finalists progressed their ideas for a tainable energy. The Big Green Challenge was success- mental step in giving communities real ing community and networked year with on-going mentoring and eval- ful on its own terms, but it also revealed ownership of solutions resources, and evaluating their impact. uation. During the final year of the Big Green valuable lessons about the potential of There are many others (including those

Outline of Presentation years, which is already too soon com- of “reconstructing modernity” as fossil- carbon trading, taxation etc. However, forms and processes of innovation: in Sociotechnicalpared with the social and nature's iner- fuel-free one. For instance, rural areas there exists quite a few social R&D Comments order to identify demands, to prioritise tias, our R&D program has been that have been losing their population issues necessary for realizing engineer- solutions (not only along technical effi- routes designed to aim at not incremental and for the last 50 years of post-WWII mod- ing scenarios that are just developed ciency, but along ecological benefits necessary merely technical actions but sociotech- ernization have high potential of evolv- based on scientific mass and energy and social and societal acceptance) and nical innovations. We have been stress- ing into bases for renewable-energy balances. Even the scenario of mass not at least to secure support and fund- for saving the ing that such drastic reduction is not based social reform. Once massive movement of people from urban area of ing. At the same time, some character- society from impossible by combining several inno- population transfer from urban areas to high GHG emission to the country side istics of social innovations have to keep vative but by realistic methods. country sides is conducted together living solely with natural energies should traditional concepts, forms and energy/ with agriculture, forestry and other be classified to physical/engineering, strenghts of innovation. The freedom of environment industrial revitalization, the social not to social scenario, unless the creativity, the radical thinking, and the ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ aspects of the population transfer detailed scenario of rule development classic incentives for researchers and crises Significance of Social including new rule design and process and/or consensus building are not innovations (money, positions, social Design Thinking and designs for endogenous decision mak- included. The latter should be the social status) should be kept. Social innova- Approaches ing can be some of the major R&D scenario. In our program the applicants tions should not be limited to politically There exists a strong social skepti- issues. What is crucial is to introduce have been requested to present their correct (but boaring) innovations. cism on global warming and a mood of design thinking/approaches into social R&D project plan by clearly separating denying environmental counter actions. processes. and inter-relating the physical/engineer- Presentations and the discusssion It is understandable that citizens of Design Approaches should be as well ing and social scenario. This approach made very clear that these two foci United States, the leading country of the effective in almost all aspects of is further developed to deal with work Hans-Liudger Dienel belong together as mirror image twins. petroleum based modernization over sociotechnical innovation. Engineers and industry development for country Processes and topics for and of social 100 years, tend to think nostalgic to the and scientists should better design insti- sides, forestry revitalization, supply innovations are interrelated and ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ power of petroleum. It is also under- tutional systems together with their chain transformation and city policy ren- dependent on each other. This was a standable that the enormous socioeco- technical and scientific R&D efforts to ovation. The session focussed on new first important result of a most stimulat- nomic changes required anywhere in realize the technical innovation they are Among the relevant issues, cognitive approaches in science and technology ing and fruitful session on a fundamental the developed countries in the world aiming at. This is because the existing process has a significant role in activat- to adress social challenges and to change and challenge for change in sci- induces a fear of big losses in business- institutional systems are developed ing local societies. Through recognizing develop social innovations. It comprised ence, technology and innovation, which 28 Masayuki Horio es. Even in Japan, where tackling the based on the present technology and their redefined historical positions in the of three subsessions with two papers in the word of German Sociologist 29 global warming issue is well authorized tend to prohibit technology innovation. time of global warming, local communi- each: Niklas Luhmann are “independent sub- at COP10, many of its R&D projects for Academia, consultants, local govern- ties can change to survive. In the pres- 1. New concepts for Design Thinking systems” with too little exchange with ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ GHG reduction have been adopting the ment officials and NPO members ent R&D program the investigation on as an approach to support science other societal subsystems. Self suffi- Targets for Green idea as a far future target. To cope with should move from simple analytical and procedures for creating local sovereign- and technology to adress social ciency of science and technology has House Gases, Emission such situations that are based on the enlightenment approach to design ty is pursued through newly introduced challenges substancially grown in the last 100 Reduction and Socio- social system structures developed with approach for social actions collaborat- concepts of social experiment of the 2. New structures of social impact years. We have to come back to an technical Innovation the plentiful supply of fossil fuels, we ing with people. Local government offi- second kind, in which the investigators measurement and accounting of issue driven understanding of science We, in the developed countries, are decided for our program to declare the cials need design thinking for green themselves are the object of investiga- science and technology and and technology research. In short: the now facing the heavy burden of reduc- need of tackling the social tendencies reconstruction of the local techno-social tion. 3. New forms of community led social session discusssed nothing less than a ing green house gases' emission 70 to such as: 1) Less horizontal collaboration systems. Project planners need design innovations fundamental change towards a new 90% by 2050. This requires us a signifi- among sections and divisions both in thinking to integrate issues for compre- problem orientated transdisciplinary cant change in thinking on the future of government and academia, 2) Less hensive solutions. Distributors and con- The workshop had two overarching rearangement of research and innova- the modern society. The five year R&D equal partnership among local people, sumer activists can work together foci: “Social Innovations” and tion. program 'Community-Based Actions government, industry and academia, 3) through design thinking to make supply “Innovations for Social Change”. While against Global Warming and Maniac technical challenges even in chains green in the existing market the first focus (social innovations) tack- The first sub-session about social Environmental Degradation' of JST-RIS- cases where social actions or appropri- place. led new types, forms and processes of innovations and innovations for TEX started in 2008 aims at initiating ate technologies are effective or neces- innovation, the latter one (innovations social challenges presented two ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ new actions to reform the present sary, 4) Qualitative, ethical and enlight- for social challenges) adressed new quite different support strategies sociotechnical systems existing on the ening approaches rather than practical How to Quantify Social themes, topics and goals for innovation. 1. an NGO suporting social entrepre- basis of fossil fuels. and profitable ones, and 5) Sector-by- Aspects and Drive the The talks oscillated between these two neurs (ASHOKA) Since the reform necessary to cope sector and region-by-region target set- Whole Socio-technical foci for good reasons. Innovations to 2. a governmental agency supporting with the global environment issues is tings rather than collaborative ones. Innovation adress social problems require new research institutes (RISTEX) limited to a fixed period of some 40 To develop new ways of solving the So far there has not been substantial By presenting and discussing the above issues by bringing ordinary peo- effort concerning the design of social strategies of ASHOKA and RISTEX, the ple into the reform actions, we in this actions for reducing GHGs emission Hans-Liudger Dienel: Berlin Institute of sub-session implicitly compared the role Masayuki Horio: Professor, Ryukoku Technology, Center for Technology and University & Tokyo Univ. A & T program have set its objective of work- from the sociotechnical system except Society, Germany. of private organisations (ASHOKA) with JST-RISTEX R&D Area Director ing from a very fundamental viewpoint for purely social approaches such as [email protected] the role of governmental agencies and

Outline of Presentation finally the state (RISTEX) in this change 4. Why did ASHOKA opt fo a life long forms of social innovations. Does an automatically. holders (citizens), the time for delibera- of innovation strategy. appointment of fellows? It is a applied, demand driven selection of 2. Long term effects of research. The tion (without enough time, participative Concluding wonderful message in a world of research topics could harm creativity, final official approval of EMBREI 20 tools can become a mere showcase). In Remarks: KARABI ASHARYA presented goals short term projects, indeed. So, autonomy and radicality of innovation years after the invention is a good short: Evers presented an impressive list and strategies of ASHOKA, a wonderful partly I am intrigued that you give and could limit research to a politically example that many effects come of projects and of participative methods Next Steps organisation, a big support for social social innovation more time to hap- correct but boaring research mode? very late. How do you measure the but should give more special informa- entrepreneurs and a testimony for the pen. Would you generalise this Some scientist see this as a possible important long-term-effects? tions on quality and thus evaluation cri- paradigm shift of new trust into entre- approach? Do we have to slow danger. Personally, I think that participa- 3. Social Effects. What about the teria for participative processes. preneurs and independent inventors. In down our innovation processes? tive processes can lead to clear and social effects e.g. of EMBREI: of Joseph Schumpeters thinking, the path breaking decisions. I am very keen instance the number of marriages The third sub-session compares two “Gyro Gearloose” type of inventor and TATTEO ARIMOTO aimes at noth- to learn more about the impact of RIS- in the TNA-study group, or - more running innovation programs for eco innovator was a key figure for creative ing less than a new understanding an TEX on the Japanese science funding important - the number of healed efficient villages in the UK and in Japan. destruction and innvoation. After WW II thus a new form of innovation. He sug- system. How is it assessed? Why are patients of Crohns desease. I think, and up to the 1980s, this independent gests new topics and new process, the RISTEX research structures still the impact measurement is still too LAURA BUNT presents Mass inventor, however, became a man of which he sees as two sides of the same quite marginal in Japan? focussed on money and jobs. Localism (within Big Green challenge) as the past, a strange and increasing ludi- coin. In his new governance of innova- But, I fully agree that we have to a funding program for municipalities. crous figure against anonymous big sci- tion, the state remains an important JULIA LANE and STEFANO implement new forms of science and They can apply to become eco-efficient ence and large technological systems. actor. He describes and brands this BERTUZZI both emphasise an technology research accounting for a villages. The program is not only open But, since the 1980s, we experience a new innovation strategy as “Design extremely important and relavant topic public-impact-assessment os science to researchers but mainly to social new wave of admiration for the inde- Thinking” and “Issue Driven Innovation”. for innovation policy: accounting. No and technology. organisations, social entrepreneurs and Yuko Harayama pendent inventor, especially in new I come back to these terms. doubt: Social innovations need reliable communities, while businesses as computers and the inter- Firstly, I would like to ask,whether his forms of measurement and accounting. JOHANN EVERS (and ROBBY MASAYAKI HORIO San presents a ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ net from Steve Jobs, over Bill Gates and new topics (climate, food, energy, Without reliable accounting, we will not BERLOZNIK, who could not make it to similar funding program to support Eric Schmidt to Marc Zuckerberg. From deseases) are so new at all in science be able to shift budgets ot a new inno- Washington), focussed on new gover- community-based action against global Comments before Wrap the economist Richard Florida (The rise and technology. I would rather say, sci- vation system. Classical innovation sys- nance models for social innovations and warming, but with a different target up discussion of the creative class, Basic Books, New ence and technology comes back to its tems may be less innovative and effi- differentiated between: group. It too aimes at supporting low- My task is to gather your comments, York 2002) we learned that a rising 19th Century roots, which have been cient but they still have better account- - Parliamentary Technology emission villages and the future of the suggestions on this topic and by the 30 number of employees value freedom for more issue driven than the period of so ing systems and thus can keep their Assessment (OTA, IST in Belgium; country side, but the money does not end if it is possible to find what the next 31 creativity at the working place more called basic or pure sciences in the 20th position in governmental budgets. TAB in Germany). It is not neces- go to municipalities but to university step is --- this is my task than the salary. They require space for Century, when research became more The idea of new forms of accounting, sarily participative, but multidisci- professors. Purpose of this session was, as it creativity and want to see themselves and more an “autonomous subsystem”. however, is not new. In 1973, Meinolf plinary, political and practical; it represented as by the title, “design as - so to speak - employed innovators. Secondly, I would like to ask Arimoto Dierkes published his famous book on focusses on foresight and future It would be extremely interesting to thinking to mobilize science, technology In short, the rise of ASHOKA is part of a San to become more radical in the “Corporate Social Acounting” (Meinolf studies, which at the moment compare the impact and side effects of and innovation”. new admiration for the social entrepre- prosed new processes of innovation. Dierkes/Raymond A. Bauer (eds.): become academic disciplines for both programs with similar goals but dif- Social challenge is at the goal but neur. Having sad that, I have four partly His suggestions (diffusion, entrepre- Corporate Social Accounting. Praeger: the first time. ferent funding target groups. I can also what we would like to promote is critical questions to Karaby Asharya: neurship, government als plattform New York/London 1973.) Most CSR - Participatory Technology imagine that in Japan the projects might design thinking 1. What are your criteria for social organiser) are too cautious to my mind. reports of companies today do not even Assessmement, which is not nec- not be rooted enough in the local com- This concept is vague and well not innovation? Radicality as core cri- In a second step, Arimoto San pres- meet the proposed standards an quality essariliy parliamentary, but deliber- munities, while in the UK the research defined at the moment. teria is overemphasised. ents the research areas of RISTEX als a criteria of Dierkes. ative, direct democratic, consulta- and university side is underrepresented. But we already have some feeling or Revolutionizing the fishing industry model. I like that Lane and Bertuzzi discuss tive and informative and an lead to However, this is only a guess and only a sense of this meaning sounds less social to me, than I would like to know, who selected three problems of new forms of report- a better collective binding decision serious comparative evaluation can Now I would like to discuss with you teaching to fish. these areas? Arimoto San proposed ing: making. quantify the realitive strenghts and how we can promote social challenge 2. What are your criteria to assess the design thinking and issue driven innova- 1. Additional reporting pressure on Evers focussed on the latter type and weaknesses of the two programs and I would like to oppose design thinking system change impact of fellows? tion that is integrative and transdiscipli- science and technology stated very convincingly that quality cri- might come up with an innovative com- to “ planification”. Isn't it sometimes more innovative nary approach and problem diven researchers. Lane/Bertuzzi present teria for participative processes are bination. Usually when policy makers should to stabilise a system? Why do you research. I agree but ask: Who selected a new automatic reporting system decisive for their future growth and define something, 'first step is to ask ' emphasise system change at all? the problems and integrated the per- with an impact visualization, which acceptance. He convingly underlines There is much to do in order to put what is the target”. 2dn to decide policy 3. And most important: Which role do spectives? I believe, this has to be the I do not trust. For instance, it the importance of quality (evaluation) innovations for social change and social measures, in our case investing in some you see for the state in social inno- stakeholders and at the end of the days counts the number of new jobs by critieria, but at the same time does innovations into practis. field of S&T for example, then to wait vation? Arimoto San focusses on a citizen driven process. We cannot research projects. But, the direct present criteria which are not always that this something happens the role of the state; - you not at leave it to researchers alone. Where are number of jobs is a more or less clear enough. Where are the important We would like to do more than to all. Is AHOKA fed up with the state. the participative, deliberative tools in his linear function of the research criteria of equal access (e.g. by selec- Don't we need more system trust process.?I think, RISTEX needs as funds invested, unless you count tion at random), the neutrality of the Yuko Harayama: Deputy Director of the in the state, especially in the devel- transparent selection process in order indirectly stimulated new jobs. I organizer of participative processes, the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology oping countries? to fulfill its own requirements for new cannot imagine this being done controversial information of the stake- and Industry (DSTI)

Outline of Presentation planify. Within the framework of planifi- Throughout all this movement, what homework for the OECD. cation - we plan actions for the next we can identify is the presence of: - Lecture material coming 6 months, according to- the innovation eco-system, with its social To tackle for the issues, we need to longer term targets. If we are away from and economic impacts, and also institu- look in detail which type of indicators the existing planification, your funding tional transformation. we should focus on in order to have a may well be cut - This approach is not Another challenge. We need to better understanding of innovation phe- appropriate for change, which may understand how all these elements nomena, It is not only measurement occurred based on experiments you interact each other. For this point, I refer challenge but also we should be keen 34 Yuko Harayama operate on the ground. to the SciSIP program and: Star met- with how to make it operational more Design thinking to mobilize science, technology and innova- That is the limit of planification so far rics'. visualized. tion for social challenges But now, to provoke new thinking for We are happy to have leaders for the policy makers, we introduce the new first step, but we are moving into how to Your own experience, experience of 35 Karabi Acharya term - “design thinking”. understand the complexity of this mech- your institution is the key. Systemic Change to Achieve Based on the speakers presentation, anism. So how to work and how to I welcome them all together. All these Environmental Impact and we have found some communality in operate? experience constitute intellectual asset Sustainability the way to develop innovative ideas. I We have to move into this direction for taking action for the future. 37 know everybody have innovative ideas. and for that we have to have the inter- So the next step will be 'Designing Tateo Arimoto Design Thinking to Induce New But the problem is to how to express national cooperation among US, tomorrow together'. paradigm for Issue-driven your ideas in terms of concrete action. European Commission - and Japan. Thank you very much for all of your Approach That is the difficulty. We have to tackle in a holistic way. participation. Sometimes we need to have an initia- Innovation is key words for all around 41 Julia Lane and Stefano Bertuzzi tive coming from associative communi- world policy makers.- but we still do not Science of Science Assessment ty. have good understand of the mecha- We are focusing on policy makers nism through which innovation occurs; “ and policy measures, but in any case technical transfer " as fashionable years 44 Johan Evers and Robby Berloznik There is a room to experiment and - ago, but it was just a channel - we have Governance in Science and based on its experimentation, we may to tackle holistic way of approach. Technology: citizen participation 32 prove new way to do thing. A change We have to see what could be the and social innovation sharing experimentations with col- impact of social innovation, social chal- leagues and counterparts. - we may lenges and vice versa. 47 Laura Bunt move one step further . The trial is really That is the starting point for wrap up Mass Localism: a way to help crucial here. discussion and I am happy to listen to small communities solve big social challenges We have also discussed on the role of your point of views from the audience the government, at the same time that and from speakers and hope we could 49 Masayuki Horio looking the role of private actors. see what actions we should take for the Socio-technical Routes Needed Usually we refer to PPP, easy to say next step by the end of the session. to Save Society from Energy and fashionable, but to make function- Welcome your insight. and Environment Crises ing PPP is very difficult ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ This morning, we have tried to put into practice the PPP. Concluding Remarks 1st focus was pm the private initia- Through our session, what we have a tives, ASHOKA. Its driving force being strong conviction in this discussion is social institutional change. - Here we that we should go ahead towards this can find PPP in practice. direction with enthusiasm. The impor- Not directly funding by the public tant thing is to share the experiences money, but you have so big impacts on among all around the world. the societ. We have same type of difficulties and For the Japanese and British cases, some solutions for some contexts, we have public money to induce which are useful giving some ideas. Of change in social institution. course we should contextualize the situ- I note Arimotosan's group remark. ation but it is crucial to share the infor- Once you attend the stage of prototyp- mation. ing. -difficulty came when you want to And backed by the good measure- make community-based action opera- ment for these issues, we need to have tion on the ground. the platform for that. That could be my ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Design thinking to mobilize science, technology and innovation for social challenges Systemic Change to Achieve Environmental Impact and Sustainability Yuko Harayama Karabi Acharya

34 35 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Systemic Change to Achieve Environmental Impact and Sustainability | Karabi Acharya Design Thinking to Induce New paradigm for Issue-driven Approach Tateo Arimoto

Design Thinking to Induce New paradigm for Issue-driven Approach

36 37 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Design Thinking to Induce New paradigm for Issue-driven Approach | Tateo Arimoto

38 39 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Design Thinking to Induce New paradigm for Issue-driven Approach | Tateo Arimoto Science of Science Assessment Julia Lane and Stefano Bertuzzi

40 41 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Science of Science Assessment | Julia Lane and Stefano Bertuzzi

42 43 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Governance in Science and Technology: citizen participation and social innovation Johan Evers and Robby Berloznik

44 45 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Governance in Science and Technology: citizen participation and social innovation | Johan Evers and Robby Berloznik Mass Localism: a way to help small communities solve big social challenges Laura Bunt

46 47 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Mass Localism: a way to help small communities solve big social challenges | Laura Bunt Socio-technical Routes Needed to Save Society from Energy and Environment Crises Masayuki Horio

48 49 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Socio-technical Routes Needed to Save Society from Energy and Environment Crises | Masayuki Horio

50 51 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Socio-technical Routes Needed to Save Society from Energy and Environment Crises | Masayuki Horio

52 53 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Socio-technical Routes Needed to Save Society from Energy and Environment Crises | Masayuki Horio Appendix

56 2011 AAAS Annual Meeting Science Without Borders 17–21 February, Washington, D.C.

54 Science Without Borders President's Invitation

The increasing complexity of problems facing our nation as well as our planet offers immense challenges The Annual Meeting is one of the most widely recognized pan- for coordinated, innovative problem-solving. So many important decisions on national security, education, science events, with hundreds of networking opportunities health, sustainability of the planet, and the exploration of the universe depend on new-found knowledge and broad global media coverage. An exceptional array of gained by scientists and engineers. Expectations that science and technology will rise to these speakers will gather at the 2011 AAAS Annual Meeting from challenges are widely expected. 17-21 February in Washington, D.C.

Many of these problems require an approach across several disciplines and areas of technical expertise. The meeting's theme—Science Without Borders— A diverse work force will also be necessary so that maximal talent and different approaches can be integrates interdisciplinary science, both across research and utilized. To train such a work force successfully presents the challenge of attracting talent from a range of teaching, that utilizes diverse approaches as well as the backgrounds and transmitting content while maintaining relevance. diversity of its practitioners. The program will highlight science and teaching that cross conventional borders or break out The theme ̶ Science Without Borders ̶ integrates the practice of science, both in research and from silos, especially in ground-breaking areas of research teaching, that utilizes multidisciplinary approaches. It also takes into consideration the diversity of that highlight new and exciting developments in support of investigators and students. science, technology, and education. Sessions will feature strong scientific content to illustrate the interface of different disciplines or will exemplify a multidisciplinary approach to 56 The program will highlight science and teaching that cross conventional borders or break out from silos problem solving. 57 as well as ground-breaking areas of research, new and exciting developments, and cross-cutting activities in support of science, technology, and education. Sessions will feature strong scientific content to illustrate the interface of different disciplines and will exemplify a multidisciplinary approach to problem Everyone is welcome at the AAAS Annual Meeting. Those Alice S. Huang, Ph.D. solving. who join us will have the opportunity to choose among a broad range of activities, including plenary and topical lectures by some of the world's leading scientists and engineers, multidisciplinary symposia, cutting-edge seminars, career development workshops, and an international exhibition.

About AAAS The Annual Meeting reflects tremendous efforts from the AAAS sections, divisions, and committees, which I gratefully acknowledge. I also extend a personal thanks to the members of the Scientific Program AAAS is the world’s largest general scientific society, and publisher of the journal, Science as well as Committee who are tasked with assembling and choosing among many excellent ideas and proposals Science Translational Medicine and Science Signaling. AAAS was founded in 1848, and includes some into this outstanding meeting. 262 affiliated societies and academies of science, serving 10 million individuals. Science has the largest paid circulation of any peer-reviewed general science journal in the world, with an estimated total I urge you to join us in Washington, D.C. readership of 1 million. The non-profit AAAS is open to all and fulfills its mission to “advance science and serve society” through initiatives in science policy; international programs; science education; and more. For the latest research news, log onto EurekAlert!, the premier science-news Web site, a service of Dr. Alice S. Huang, AAAS President and Senior Faculty Associate in Biology, AAAS. California Institute of Technology

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Appendix Preliminary Press Program 2011 AAAS Annual Meeting Science Without Borders Join Us in Washington, D.C. for Science and Fun

Cover symposia on the implications of finding other worlds, the next steps in brain-computer interfaces, frontiers in chemistry, the next big solar storm, and more. Talk to leaders in science, technology, engineering, education, and policy-making. Gather story ideas for the year ahead. Mingle with colleagues at receptions and social events. It’s all available at the world’s largest interdisciplinary science forum. Dear Colleagues, On behalf of the AAAS Board of Directors, it is my distinct honor to invite you to the 177th Meeting of the 2011 AAAS Annual Meeting American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). The Annual Meeting is one of the most widely recognized pan-science events, with hundreds of networking oppor- tunities and broad global media coverage. An exceptional array of speakers and attendees will gather at the Walter Science Without Borders E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, D.C. You will have the opportunity to interact with scientists, engineers, educators, and policy-makers who will present the latest thinking and developments in their areas 17–21 February, Washington, D.C. of expertise. The meeting’s theme — Science Without Borders — integrates interdisciplinary science, across both research and teaching, that utilizes diverse approaches as well as the diversity of its practitioners. The program will highlight science and teaching that cross conventional borders or break out from silos, especially in ground-breaking areas of research that highlight new and exciting developments in support of science, technology, and education. Sessions will feature strong scientific content to illustrate the interface of different disciplines or will exemplify a 58 multidisciplinary approach to problem solving. 59 Everyone is welcome at the AAAS Annual Meeting. Those who join us will have the opportunity to choose among a broad range of activities, including plenary and topical lectures by some of the world’s leading scientists and engineers, multidisciplinary symposia, cutting-edge seminars, career development workshops, and an international exhibition. The following pages present the highlights of the scientific program to date. You can explore the program online, obtain updates, and develop a personal itinerary at www.aaas.org/meetings. To register online and obtain more information about the Newsroom, visit www.eurekalert.org/aaasnewsroom. I look forward to welcoming you in Washington, D.C. Alice S. Huang, Ph.D., AAAS President and Senior Faculty Associate in Biology, California Institute of Technology

CURRENT AS OF 1 NOVEMBER 2010 1

2 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | 17–21 February 2011 | Washington, D.C.

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Appendix AAAS Annual Meeting Newsroom Daily Timetable

17 THURSDAY 18 FRIDAY 19 SATURDAY 20 SUNDAY 21 MONDAY

Useful Information A Note to Public Information Officers Daytime Daytime Daytime Daytime Daytime Newsroom Registration Newsroom Registration Newsroom Registration Newsroom Registration Newsroom Registration The AAAS Annual Meeting Newsroom, located in Room 204A Once again, we will be using the AAAS Annual Meeting 7:00AM–5:00PM 7:30AM–5:00PM 7:30AM–5:00PM 7:30AM–5:00PM 7:30AM–10:30AM on the Second Level of the Washington Convention Center, Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Washington Convention Center Speaker Paper Recruitment System to ask speakers and their Level Two, Room 204A Level Two, Room 204A Level Two, Room 204A Center Level Two, Room 204A will provide an array of news opportunities and resources to Level Two, Room 204A public information officers (PIOs) to submit information about AAAS President’s Breakfast European Commission Helmholtz Association Plenary Lecture news reporters and career science communicators who, with presentations and upload supporting materials to our virtual and Briefing Breakfast Breakfast Think Canada Breakfast 8:30AM–9:30AM appropriate credentials, are eligible for complimentary meet- 7:45AM–8:30AM 7:45 AM–9:00AM 7:45AM-9:00AM 7:45AM–9:00AM Washington Convention Center newsroom. Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Center Street Level, East Salon ing registration. Level Two, Room 202A Level Two, Room 202A Level Two, Room 202A Level Two, Room 202A Concurrent Symposia Speakers and PIOs will receive instructions by e-mail on how Forum for Sustainability Concurrent Symposia Concurrent Symposia Concurrent Symposia 9:45AM–11:15AM News briefings during the meeting will offer newsroom reg- to use the system. Reporters registered for the embargoed Science Programs 8:00AM–9:30AM 8:00AM–9:30AM 8:00AM–9:30AM 9:45AM–12:45PM istrants access to some of the world’s leading scientists. 1:00PM–6:00PM 8:30AM–11:30AM 8:30AM–11:30AM 8:30AM–11:30AM Washington Convention Center section of EurekAlert! will be able to gain access to speaker Grand Hyatt Washington 10:00AM–11:30AM 10:00AM–11:30AM 10:00AM–11:30AM You are strongly encouraged to register in advance via our materials submitted to the virtual newsroom. Speaker papers Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Center online registration site: www.eurekalert.org/aaasnewsroom. also will be available on site at our AAAS Papers Room for the Evening Body and Machine Seminar Other Worlds Seminar Frontiers in Chemistry Credentialing criteria and other newsroom information are President’s Address 8:30AM–4:30PM 8:30AM–4:30PM Seminar news media. 8:30AM–4:30PM available via the “Newsroom Links” section of that site. 6:00PM Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Center Street Level, East Salon Career Workshops Career Workshops PLEASE NOTE FOR PLANNING PURPOSES: 8:00AM–5:00PM 8:00AM–5:00PM Career Workshops President’s Reception Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Center 8:00AM–5:00PM AAAS news briefings and interview opportunities will begin IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING Washington Convention Center Renaissance Downtown Exhibitor Workshops Exhibitor Workshops on the morning of Thursday, 17 February, starting with the Ballroom Level, Grand 8:00AM–5:00PM 8:00AM–5:00PM Exhibitor Workshops Ballroom Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Center 8:30AM–5:00PM AAAS President’s Press Breakfast. Washington Convention Center International Reporters Exhibit Hall D Exhibit Hall D Reception 10:00AM–5:00PM 10:00AM–5:00PM Exhibit Hall D Virtual Newsroom 8:00PM–10:00PM Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Center 10:00AM–5:00PM Grand Hyatt Washington Topical Lectures Washington Convention Center EurekAlert! will host the Annual Meeting’s virtual newsroom: Constitution Ballroom C/D/E Family Science Days and 12:00PM–12:45PM “Meet the Scientists” Family Science Days and http://www.eurekalert.org/aaasnewsroom. Washington Convention Center Speaker Series “Meet the Scientists” 11:00AM–5:00PM Speaker Series American Junior Academy 11:00AM–5:00PM The schedule of news briefings will be available to newsroom of Sciences (AJAS) Poster Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Center 60 registrants upon their arrival at the meeting. The schedule Session Student Poster Competition 61 A Special Invitation 1:00PM–5:00PM also will be available online at the virtual newsroom begin- 11:00AM–5:00PM Topical Lectures AAAS will host a reception at the Smithsonian’s Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Center 12:00PM–12:45PM ning Monday, 14 February, to reporters who have log-in access Exhibit Hall D Washington Convention Center National Museum of the American Indian for all newsroom Topical Lectures to the embargoed section of the EurekAlert! Web site. Concurrent Symposia 12:00PM–12:45PM General Poster Session 1:00PM–2:30PM registrants to honor the winners of the 2010 AAAS Kavli Washington Convention Center 1:00PM–5:00PM 1:30PM–4:30PM You may browse for the latest information on symposia at Science Journalism Awards, endowed by The Kavli Foundation. Washington Convention Center 3:00PM–4:30PM AJAS Oral Presentations the main Annual Meeting Web site (www.aaas.org/meetings) Shuttle buses will be provided from the Washington Washington Convention Center 1:30PM–4:30PM Concurrent Symposia Renaissance Downtown 1:00PM–2:30PM using the “Browse the Program” link. Convention Center beginning at 6:45 PM. EurekAlert! Reception 1:30PM–4:30PM 2:00PM–4:00PM • Concurrent Symposia 3:00PM–4:30PM Disclaimers When: Friday, 18 February Time: 7:00PM–10:00PM Room to be determined. 1:00PM–2:30PM Washington Convention Center Embargo Policy 1:30PM–4:30PM Abstracts and synopses Newsroom Badge Required Evening 3:00PM–4:30PM Evening of material presented at AAAS Annual Meeting newsroom registrants are required Plenary Lecture Washington Convention Center Plenary Lecture the AAAS Annual Meeting 5:00PM–6:00PM 5:00PM–6:00PM reflect the individual to observe news embargoes, which coincide with the date Evening Washington Convention Center Washington Convention Center views of the author and and time of the scientific session or a related news briefing, Street Level, East Salon Plenary Lecture Street Level, East Salon not necessarily those of 5:00PM–6:00PM the AAAS, its Council, whichever comes first. AAAS will schedule daily news brief- AAAS Science Journalism Awards Washington Convention Center Board of Directors, Street Level, East Salon ings on research and policy issues being discussed at the 7:00PM–10:00PM officers, or the views meeting. Attendance at news briefings is restricted to news- Smithsonian’s National AAAS Awards Ceremony of the institutions with Museum of the American and Reception which the authors are room registrants. Indian 6:00PM–7:30PM affiliated. Presentation (Shuttle buses begin Renaissance Downtown of ideas, products, or departing the Washington Ballroom Level, Grand publications at the AAAS Convention Center at 6:45PM. Ballroom Meeting or the reporting Press badge required). of them in resulting news accounts does not SPONSORED BY: constitute endorsement by AAAS.

4 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | 17–21 February 2011 | Washington, D.C.

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Appendix Special Events for Newsroom Registrants General Information

AAAS President’s Breakfast and Briefing AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards Meeting Location AAAS Family Science Days and 17 February 7:45AM–8:30AM 18 February 7:00PM–10:00PM Meeting events will be held in downtown Washington, DC “Meet the Scientists!” Speakers Series The breakfast briefing with AAAS President Alice Huang will All newsroom registrants are invited to a reception at the at the Washington Convention Center, the Renaissance Stop by Exhibit Hall D on Saturday and Sunday to take part in be held in Room 202A, Washington Convention Center. Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian. The Downtown Hotel, and the Grand Hyatt Washington. free, fun, hands-on science opportunities and hear a diverse awards program has been endowed by The Kavli Foundation. range of scientists describe their amazing explorations. The International Reporters Reception Shuttle buses will be provided from the Washington On-Site Press Registration 2011 Family Science Days will feature exciting, interactive 17 February Convention Center beginning at 6:45PM. Press registration will be located in the Washington Convention programming for children and will include a series of unique Grand Hyatt Washington 8:00PM–10:00PM Note: Meeting press badges are required. Center, Level Two, Room 204A. Hours are as follows: opportunities for young people to speak directly with top scientists who will explain what it takes to succeed in “cool AAAS welcomes international reporters with a special recep- Thursday 17 February 7:00AM–5:00PM science careers.” tion in the Constitution Ballroom C/D/E. Newsroom badges Helmholtz Association Breakfast Friday–Sunday 18–20 February 7:30AM–5:00PM will be required. 19 February 7:45AM–9:00AM Monday 21 February 7:30AM–10:30AM Saturday 19 February 11:00AM–5:00PM This networking and information opportunity, sponsored by Note: Access to the AAAS Annual Meeting Newsroom requires Sunday 20 February 11:00AM–5:00PM the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers, will appropriate press credentials. Valid photo ID is required on European Commission Press Breakfast Exhibition 18 February 7:45 AM–9:00AM be held in Room 202A, Washington Convention Center. site. See details online at www.eurekalert.org/aaasnewsroom. The Exhibition will be located in Hall D at the Washington Newsroom registrants are invited to this sponsored breakfast For questions about press registration call AAAS Press Convention Center. Hours are as follows: briefing in Room 202A, Washington Convention Center. Think Canada Breakfast Registration at (202) 326-6440 or send an e-mail to media@ 20 February 8:00AM–9:00AM Friday 18 February 10:00 AM–5:00 PM aaas.org. Saturday 19 February 10:00 AM–5:00 PM All newsroom registrants are invited to this breakfast spon- Science Journalism Roundtable Sunday 20 February 10:00 AM–5:00 PM 18 February 12:00PM-1:00PM sored by the “Think Canada” research partners. Room 202A, The Newsroom Washington Convention Center. The Newsroom, located in the Washington Convention Center, Winners of the 2010 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards Barrier-Free Environment Level Two, Room 204A, hosts hundreds of print, broadcast, will be invited to a special luncheon in their honor, hosted Accommodations for people with disabilities will be provided Local Science Writers Party and online reporters from around the world. It offers news by The Kavli Foundation, to include a moderated roundtable on request at all general lectures and sessions. Services 19 February To Be Determined briefings, a newsroom equipped with Internet access and discussion. All newsroom registrants will be welcome. Priority include interpreters or real-time captioning for persons who The D.C. Science Writers Association will host an evening computers, a papers room with copies of speaker presenta- are deaf or hearing impaired, audio-recorded highlights, and 62 seating will be provided for working reporters. Room 202A, 63 party for newsroom registrants. Details to come. tions, a reporters’ coffee lounge, and private interview rooms. Washington Convention Center. mobility assistance within and outside the conference facili- ties as needed. In addition, a resource room for people with EurekAlert! Reception Discount Hotel Rates disabilities will be available in the Salon F, Street Level, at the Washington Convention Center. 18 February 2:00PM–4:00PM AAAS has negotiated special rates for AAAS Meeting attend- ees at the Renaissance Downtown Hotel, the Grand Hyatt All newsroom registrants are invited. Room to be determined, Washington, the Embassy Suites, and the Hampton Inn. The Discount Travel to Washington, DC Washington Convention Center. AAAS hotels are close to the space occupied by AAAS at the For details about discounts on airfare and rail, visit www.aaas. NASW Student Programs Washington Convention Center. Events also will be held at org/meetings and click on “Hotels and Travel” then “Travel the Renaissance Downtown and the Grand Hyatt Washington. Discounts.” and Travel Fellowships When you register online for the Newsroom, you will receive a code number for making reservations at official meeting Airport Transportation The National Association of Science Writers (NASW) will hotels through the AAAS Travel Desk. Do not contact the For information about transportation to and from the airport, again sponsor several programs for student journalists at hotels directly. Go to www.aaas.org/meetings and click on visit www.aaas.org/meetings and click on “Hotels and Travel” the AAAS meeting. Funding from NASW will provide travel “Hotels and Travel” to book a room. fellowships for up to 10 undergraduate students to attend then “Transportation.” the meeting and cover a session for the NASW website. Application deadline is December 1. Details will be posted Environmental Practices at http://www.nasw.org/resource/beginning. NASW A CD contains speaker and poster abstracts. Program materi- also will sponsor its popular mentoring program, pairing als are produced with recycled material. Recycling containers undergraduate and graduate students with senior journal- are provided on site. ists, and an internship fair for summer writing positions with professional editors. All activities require student membership in NASW. Register online: Save time and register in advance at: www.eurekalert.org/aaasnewsroom.

6 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | 17–21 February 2011 | Washington, D.C.

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Appendix Plenary Lectures Anthony S. Fauci Moderator: Jeanne Guillemin, Ph.D. Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Senior Advisor, MIT Security Studies Program, Research (NIAID), National Institutes of Health Professor, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA Thursday, 17 February Saturday, 19 February Dr. Fauci oversees an extensive research portfolio of basic and Trained in sociology and anthropology, Dr. Guillemin has long been PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS Frances H. Arnold applied research to prevent, diagnose, and treat infectious dis- involved in issues regarding medicine, infectious diseases, and eases such as HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections, biological weapons. She is the author of Anthrax: The Investigation Alice S. Huang Dick and Barbara Dickinson Professor of Chemical influenza, tuberculosis, malaria and illness from potential agents of a Deadly Outbreak, which documents the U.S.-Russian inquiry AAAS President and Senior Faculty Associate in Biology, Engineering and Biochemistry, California Institute of of bioterrorism. NIAID also supports research on transplantation into the contested cause of the 1979 Sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak. California Institute of Technology Technology and immune-related illnesses, including autoimmune disorders, Prior to this research, she investigated the “yellow rain” contro- asthma and allergies. Dr. Fauci serves as one of the key advisors to versy of the 1980s. Both projects involved U.S. allegations against Dr. Huang is a distinguished virologist and proponent for women Frances Arnold is a pioneer in the use of methods of laboratory the White House and Department of Health and Human Services on the Soviet Union for treaty violations involving biological weapons. in science. She was previously a professor of microbiology and evolution to generate novel and useful enzymes and organisms for global AIDS issues, and on initiatives to bolster medical and public Her latest book is Biological Weapons: From the Invention of State- molecular genetics at Harvard Medical School and subsequently applications in medicine and in alternative energy. Her multidis- health preparedness against emerging infectious disease threats Sponsored Programs to Contemporary Bioterrorism. She has been dean for science at New York University. She is particularly inter- ciplinary approach reveals insight into the way natural evolution such as pandemic influenza. He is also a member of the National a delegate to the annual Pugwash Working Group on the Chemical ested in interdisciplinary research, the organization of higher might have occurred. She holds more than 20 patents and patent Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity, which deals with such and Biological Weapons Conventions, a participant in the Belfer educational institutions, and in policy issues related to education, applications, has co-authored 220 scientific publications, and questions as how to prevent published research in biotechnology Center Executive Session on Domestic Preparedness, and was on science, and technology. She was the first to purify and character- edited several books on protein engineering and laboratory pro- from aiding terrorism without slowing scientific progress. Fauci the World Health Organization editorial board for its 2004 guide ize defective interfering viral particles. Her suggestion that these tein evolution. Dr. Arnold is a member of the National Academy of graduated from College of the Holy Cross and received his medical to public health responses to biological and chemical weapons particles play a major role in viral pathogenesis stimulated work on Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute degree from Cornell University. attacks. many viral systems including plant viruses, and has led to the pos- of Medicine. Recent awards and honors include the Linnaeus sibility of using these particles for disease prevention. She is a fel- Lectureship at Uppsala University in Sweden and the Genencor low of the Academia Sinica in Taiwan, American Women in Science, Award in Enzyme Engineering. She received a bachelor’s degree in the Academy of Microbiology, and the AAAS, and has consulted on mechanical and aerospace engineering from Princeton University Claire M. Fraser-Liggett Monday, 21 February science policy for government agencies in Singapore, Taiwan, and and a Ph.D. degree in chemical engineering from the University of Director of the Institute for Genome Sciences and Professor To be announced China. She received her B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. degrees in microbiol- California, Berkeley. of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, ogy from Johns Hopkins University. Baltimore Sunday, 20 February Dr. Fraser-Liggett was previously the president and director of Friday, 18 February The Institute for Genomic Research, and has played a role in the PLENARY PANEL ON BIOSECURITY sequencing and analysis of human, animal, plant, and microbial John P. Holdren genomes to better understand the role that genes play in develop- Rita R. Colwell ment, evolution, physiology and disease. She led the teams that Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, Distinguished University Professor, University of Maryland, sequenced the genomes of several microbial organisms, including 64 65 Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology, College Park, and Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School important human and animal pathogens, and as a consequence and Co-Chair of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science of Public Health helped to initiate the era of comparative genomics. She has and Technology served on a number of National Research Council committees on Dr. Colwell’s interests are focused on global infectious diseases, counter-bioterrorism, domestic animal genomics, polar biology, Dr. Holdren holds advanced degrees in aerospace engineering and water, and health, and she is developing an international network and metagenomics. Dr. Fraser-Liggett has more than 220 scientific theoretical plasma physics from MIT and Stanford and is highly to address emerging infectious diseases and water issues, including publications and has served on committees of the National Science regarded for his work on energy technology and policy, global cli- safe drinking water for both the developed and developing world. Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, and National Institutes of mate change, and nuclear arms control and nonproliferation. He She recently chaired a study committee of the National Research Health. She received her Ph.D. degree in pharmacology from State is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Council that wrote Responsible Research with Biological Select University of New York, Buffalo. Academy of Engineering, and the American Academy of Arts Agents and Toxins. Dr. Colwell has held many advisory positions in and Sciences as well as foreign member of the Royal Society of the U.S. government, nonprofit science policy organizations, and London. A former AAAS president, his awards include a MacArthur private foundations as well as in the international scientific research Foundation Prize Fellowship, the John Heinz Prize in Public Policy, community. A former AAAS president, she is the recipient of 54 The Honorable Rush Holt the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement, and the Volvo honorary doctorates, and is a member of the National Academy U.S. Congressman Environment Prize. Prior to joining the Obama administration, Dr. of Sciences, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Prior to his election in 1998 to represent New Jersey’s 12th District, Holdren was Teresa and John Heinz Professor of Environmental the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Dr. Holt worked as an educator, scientist, and arms control expert. Policy and Director of the Program on Science, Technology, Philosophical Society. She has a B.S. degree in bacteriology and At the U.S. State Department, he monitored the nuclear programs and Public Policy at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of M.S. degree in genetics from Purdue University, and a Ph.D. degree of countries such as Iraq, Iran, North Korea, and the former Soviet Government as well as professor in Harvard’s Department of Earth in oceanography from the University of Washington. Union. From 1980 to 1988, he served on the faculty at Swarthmore and Planetary Sciences and Director of the independent, nonprofit College, where he taught courses in physics, public policy, and Woods Hole Research Center. He also served as one of President religion. From 1989 until his 1998 congressional campaign, he was Bill Clinton’s science advisors from 1994 to 2001. Assistant Director of the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, the largest center for alternative energy research in New Jersey. Dr. Holt serves on the House Committee on Education and Labor, the Committee on Natural Resources, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, its only scientist. He also chairs the Select Intelligence Oversight Panel.

8 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | 17–21 February 2011 | Washington, D.C.

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Appendix Topical Lecture Series Seminars Attend lectures on prominent topics across a range of disciplines. Day-long seminars address topics at the intersection of science and society.

G. Wayne Clough George M. Whitesides Body and Machine interdisciplinary approaches give equal technologies may one day allow an emphasis to intricate biomechanical augmented human to go far beyond Secretary, Smithsonian Institution Woodford L. and Ann A. Flowers University Professor, Harvard University mechanisms, ecological contexts, and the confines of the body and open new Topic To Be Announced No border is more fundamental technological implementation, enabling territories of possibility, particularly Changing the Paradigms of Science than the one between humans and teams to build new devices and advance relevant for paralyzed humans and for the external world. The limits of our our understanding of nature. people in challenging environments like body are defined by our brain— Organized by: Mitra J.Z. Hartmann, space. Regina E. Dugan GEORGE SARTON MEMORIAL LECTURE IN THE HISTORY AND how we grasp an object or move Northwestern University Organized by: Michael D. Mitchell, Ecole Director, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE around in a room is determined SPEAKERS Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Topic To Be Announced and Christian Simm, Swissnex San Francisco, Lawrence M. Principe by how the brain perceives where Jérôme Casas, Centre National de la CA Recherche Scientifique Drew Professor of the Humanities, Johns Hopkins University the body is in space and time. Air-Flow Sensing Hairs in Crickets and SPEAKERS These limits can be manipulated, Robert M. Hazen Revealing the Secrets of Alchemy Biomimetic Micro-Electro-Mechanical Dan Moran, Washington University, St. Louis extended, and explored when Systems (MEMS) Sensors Senior Staff Scientist, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Neural Oscillations and Motor and traditional scientific disciplines Peter M. Narins, University of California, Los Language Processing Institution for Science, and Clarence Robinson Professor of JOHN P. MCGOVERN LECTURE IN THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Angeles Earth Science, George Mason University work together. By combining the José del R. Millan, EPFL fields of neuroscience, medicine, Mostly Malleus: Ground Sound Detection Multitasking with Non-Invasive The Deep Carbon Observatory Linda M. Bartoshuk by the Golden Mole Neuroprosthetics Bushnell Professor of Community Dentistry and Behavioral engineering, and information Mitra J.Z. Hartmann, Northwestern University systems, science is rising to the Christa Neuper, Graz University of Technology Science, University of Florida, Gainesville Characterizing the Complete Future Directions in Hybrid Brain-Computer challenge of finding solutions Mechanosensory Input to the Rat Vibrissal Interfaces Samantha B. Joye We Live in Different Taste Worlds: How Do We Know and What Array to disabilities that affect human Andrew Schwartz, University of Pittsburgh Professor of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens Does It Mean? experience. Danica Kragic, Center for Autonomous Systems, Stockholm Useful Signals from the Motor Cortex Offshore Ocean Aspects of the Gulf Oil Well Blowout Attention, Segmentation, and Learning for Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Wadsworth Center Linking Mechanics, Robotics, and Object Manipulation BCIs: Traditional Assumptions Meet Neuroscience: Novel Insights from Francisco J. Valero-Cuevas, University of Emerging Realities Gerard Karsenty Novel Systems Southern California 66 67 Paul A. Marks Professor and Chair, Department of Genetics This session focuses on the role of A Systems-Based Engineering Approach to Sensorimotor Control of the Human Hand Frontiers in Chemistry and Development, Columbia University Medical Center mechanics and the physical embodiment of sensory and motor structures in the Biology Without Walls: The Novel Endocrinology of Bone study of systems neuroscience. The Mind and Machine: The Next Step in Along with many organizations panel’s research integrates techniques Neuroprosthetics and Brain Computer worldwide, AAAS is celebrating the from engineering and neuroscience Interfaces International Year of Chemistry to to investigate sensorimotor function A more profound understanding of how acknowledge the achievements Colin Phillips and to construct more sensate and the brain functions has led to major Professor of Linguistics, Neuroscience, and Cognitive dextrous robots and biomimetic advances in brain-computer interfaces of chemistry, its contributions to Science, University of Maryland, College Park devices. Talks will illuminate reciprocal (BCI). Once considered science fiction, the well-being of humankind, and what the future may hold. New Linguistic Illusions: Where You See Them, Where You Don’t relationships between mechanics, neuroprosthetics are now helping robotics, and sensory neuroscience disabled people rediscover — or organic materials will have broad using model systems that range from experience for the first time — capacities industrial and societal impacts on crickets, golden moles, and rats to that greatly improve quality of life. information technology, energy, Lisa Randall humans and humanoid-robots. Topics Through systems that monitor brain Frank B. Baird, Jr. Professor of Science, Harvard University include the bizarre inner ear bones of activity and translate it into actions such and biosensing. New knowledge the golden mole that exhibit unique as moving a wheelchair or selecting a about molecular self-assembly will String Theory and New Physics mechanical specializations to permit the letter from a virtual keyboard, people provide the structural foundation animal to sense both minute substrate with disabilities are exploring the for the next generation of artificial vibrations and airborne sound; and world in new ways. This session will molecular machines. Research and the use of robotic models and dynamic focus on both non-invasive interfaces, Sean C. Solomon teaching in these fields involves Director, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie simulations to quantify tactile processing where control comes mainly from in the rat whisker system. Using both electroencephalographic activity, as well multidisciplinary approaches and Institution for Science psychophysical and robotic studies, the as interfaces that incorporate implants diverse, international investigators. Exploring the Planet Mercury: The MESSENGER Mission session also explores the remarkable in the brain. Both forms of prostheses This seminar will disclose cutting- integration of visual and tactile sensory restore patients’ experience with the edge research across a variety inputs that enables manipulation world and blur the lines between man of scientific disciplines, thereby and grasping with the hand. These and machine. Future uses of these

10 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | 17–21 February 2011 | Washington, D.C.

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Appendix exemplifying a multidisciplinary Mark E. Thompson, University of Southern and international levels. The 3.5-year mission lifetime, permitting The Search for Life on Mars: Mars Science approach to scientific exploration. California Kepler Mission will do something seismological studies of stellar interiors Laboratory and Mars Sample Return New Molecular Materials for Energy Based and new insights into variable stars. Optoelectronics: Solar Energy and Lighting that no other mission can do: The Universe Revealed by High- Frontiers in Organic Materials for determine the frequency of Earth- Organized by: Alan P. Boss, Carnegie Institution for Science, and William J. Borucki, Resolution, High-Precision Astronomy Information Processing, Energy, and Molecular Self-Assembly and Artificial like planets in our galaxy and NASA Ames Research Center Very long baseline interferometry uses Sensors Molecular Machines multiple radio antennas separated begin to constrain the prevalence SPEAKERS Over the past 15 years, new All living systems rely on complex by large geographical distances to of life in our universe. Other William J. Borucki, NASA Ames Research technologically and biologically supramolecular structures with highly efforts are engaged in searching Center deliver the highest possible resolution important developments of broad sophisticated components, which imaging and astrometric precision for Kepler Mission Overview and Planet industrial and societal interest have for evidence of extraterrestrial operate within cell membranes and cell Discoveries the scientific study of the Universe. resulted from cutting-edge research, compartments. Nature is remarkable in life, a broadly and deeply Because radio emission is little affected Matthew J. Holman, Harvard-Smithsonian namely in photonics, displays, and composing such complex organizations multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, Center for Astrophysics by the intervening dust and gas that biological labeling. This session is to achieve the necessary functions often obscures the optical and infrared and transdisciplinary endeavor. The Searching for Planets by Transit Timing designed to allow a diverse audience to of life. The study of model molecular world’s largest dedicated, full-time Varations radiation emitted by astronomical learn about state-of-the-art research in constructs in this realm provides an objects, radio telescopes can probe astronomical instrument —Very Sara Seager, Massachusetts Institute of the area of functional pi-systems. The important window for enhancing our Technology deep into regions that are otherwise focus will be largely, but not exclusively, understanding. Moreover, the design Long Baseline Array — spans inaccessible, such as the molecular Planet Discoveries in a Physical Context on the chemistry of such materials. and fabrication of artificial molecular more than 5,000 miles, providing clouds where stars and planets form, William Chaplin, University of Birmingham, In doing so, the session will provide machines is one of the great scientific astronomers with the sharpest United Kingdom and the center of the galaxy. The Very a critical forum where participants challenges of our times. This session on Long Baseline Array (VLBA) of the vision of any telescope on Earth or Results for Solar-like Oscillators Observed can discuss not only fundamental molecular self-assembly and artificial National Radio Astronomy Observatory in space. The array has an ability to by Kepler aspects of the chemistry and physics molecular machines will contain lectures (NRAO) consists of 10 identical, 25-meter Conny Aerts, Instituut voor Sterrenkunde of functional pi-systems but also the that reflect the current state of the art in see fine detail equivalent to being diameter antennas that operate at technology drivers and biologically this exciting research area. able to stand in New York City and Asteroseismology Across the HR Diagram centimeter and millimeter wavelengths Martin D. Still, NASA Ames Research Center important applications. The latter are Organized by: Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay, read a newspaper in Los Angeles. on transcontinental baselines of up often neglected at more specialized University of California, Los Angeles, and The Kepler Guest Observer Program to 8,000 kilometers and provides conferences on displays, organic Bruce E. Maryanoff, The Scripps Research Kepler: Looking for Other Earths the science community the highest photovoltaics, or nonlinear optics. Institute Seeking Signs of (ET) Life: The Search resolution and astrometric precision of NASA’s Kepler Mission is determining the Topics to be covered include organic Steps Up on Mars and Beyond any astronomical telescope. Invigorated SPEAKERS frequency of habitable, Earth-like planets semiconductor materials, photovoltaic This session will report on the latest by state-of-the-art technologies that have J. Fraser Stoddart, Northwestern University in the universe by searching for the tiny organic materials and devices, organic developments in the search for markedly improved its sensitivity and Fashioning Functional Materials with dimming in brightness of the planet’s electroactive materials and devices, self- evidence of extraterrestrial life, a flexibility, the VLBA is enabling a wide Integrated Mechanostereochemical Systems host star when the planet’s orbit takes assembly and aggregation of organic broadly and deeply multidisciplinary, range of transformative science: mapping 68 Josef Michl, University of Colorado the planet in front of the star. Kepler 69 materials, and nonlinear optics and two- interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary the structure and dynamics of the entire and Institute of Organic Chemistry and is a space telescope that is staring at photon processes in organic materials. endeavor. Speakers will address Mars Milky Way; searching for planets around Biochemistry over 150,000 stars in the constellations exploration, astrobiology and the search low-mass stars; accurately measuring the Organized by: Seth R. Marder and Jean-Luc Artificial Surface-Mounted Molecular Rotors of Cygnus and Lyra, waiting for the for extraterrestrial life, and the need for masses of the supermassive black holes Bredas, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Nadrian C. Seeman, New York University multiple, periodic transits that indicate Tobin J. Marks, Northwestern University planetary protection in the course of this located at the centers of many galaxies; DNA: Not Merely the Secret of Life a planet is in orbit. Kepler was launched search. The session will focus especially SPEAKERS precisely determining the expansion rate Stacey F. Bent, Stanford University in March 2009, and by February 2011 on the Mars Science Laboratory mission Alan Heeger, University of California, Santa of the Universe; and more. Nanostructuring for Efficient Energy will have been taking data for nearly 2 to be launched in 2011 -- the first roving Barbara Organized by: Mark T. Adams, NRAO Conversion years, long enough to begin to assess analytical laboratory and first dedicated Plastic Solar Cells and Photodetectors: M. Reza Ghadiri, The Scripps Research the frequency of Earth-size planets on SPEAKERS Self-Assembly by Spontaneous Phase astrobiology mission to Mars since Institute year-long orbits around solar-type stars. Geoffrey C. Bower, University of California, Separation Viking. Speakers also will address the Toward Synthetic Biology: Design and Based on ground-based planet searches Berkeley Richard Friend, University of Cambridge global space community’s plans for Study of Complex Peptide Networks by other techniques, the expectation is exploring Europa and other environments Seeking New Planets at Radio Wavelengths Current and Future Scientific and Ben L. Feringa, University of Groningen that Kepler will discover large numbers potentially habitable for extraterrestrial Mark J. Reid, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Commercial Opportunities for Organic Molecular Motors: In Control of Molecular of super-Earths, planets with masses up Astrophysics Electronics life, reporting on science goals and Motion to about 15 times that of Earth, which technology requirements. Mapping Our Galaxy in 3D Zhenan Bao, Stanford University appear to accompany roughly one-third DISCUSSANT James A. Braatz, NRAO Organic Materials Based Flexible Electronic of all solar-type stars. Kepler should then Organized by: Linda Billings, George Sensors Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay, University of Washington University Supermassive Black Holes and Precision California, Los Angeles discover dozens of Earth-like planets, Cosmology with Megamasers Larry Dalton, University of Washington, that is, planets of Earth-size orbiting in SPEAKERS Seattle the habitable zones of their stars. The Mary A. Voytek, NASA Electro-Optic Technology: Implications Other Worlds mission will also make an extraordinary Greatest Hits and Grand Challenges in for Telecommunications, Computing, and contribution to our understanding of Astrobiology Sensing stellar structure and evolution, as the Cassie Conley, NASA Joseph W. Perry, Georgia Institute of Speakers in this seminar will same high photometric precision needed Preserving the Planets— Ours and Others: Technology represent multidisciplinary and to detect Earths also means that stellar Planetary Protection in Space Exploration Organic Photonic Materials for All-Optical multinational initiatives that are brightness variations will be measured Andrew Steele, Carnegie Institution of Signal Processing closely coordinated at national to unprecedented accuracies over the Washington

12 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | 17–21 February 2011 | Washington, D.C.

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Appendix Ritual, Labor, and the Evolution of Neil Buckholtz, National Institute on Aging, A Neurodevelopmental Basis to Criminal Cutting-Edge Symposia Cooperation Bethesda, MD Behavior Paul Roscoe, University of Maine, Orono Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Nathalie M.G. Fontaine, Indiana University, Large-Scale Collective Action, War, and Initiative: Assessing Disease Progression Bloomington Political Evolution Laura Fratiglioni, Karolinska Institute, Genetic and Environmental Influences on Benjamin Chabot-Hanowell, University of Stockholm, Sweden the Development of Callous-Unemotional Brain and Behavior Transatlantic Synergies To Promote Experimental Cooking: Exploring the Washington, Seattle Multidomain Interventions To Postpone Traits Effective Traumatic Brain Injury Frontier in New Taste Experiences Modeling Polity Emergence Using Patron- Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease Dustin Pardini, University of Pittsburgh Client, Bargaining, and Reproductive Skew Medical Center, PA Scientific and Ethical Issues for the Research From Artificial Limbs to Virtual Reality: Surgical Treatment of Psychiatric Monica L. Smith, University of California, Los Molecules to Mind: Challenges for the Brain Function Abnormalities Associated Saturday, 19 February 8:00AM-9:30AM How the Brain Represents the Body Angeles 21st Century with Chronic and Desisting Criminal Disorders Behavior Organized by: Patrizia Tosetti, European Saturday, 19 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Caste as a Cooperative Economic Entitlement Friday, 18 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Commission, Directorate-General for Strategy in Chiefdoms and States Sunday, 20 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Research/Health, Brussels, Belgium; Ramona Organized by: Michael D. Mitchell, École Richard Blanton, Purdue University, West Organized by: Bruce Altevogt, Institute of Organized by: Mahlon DeLong, Emory Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA Hicks, National Institute of Neurological Lafayette, IN Medicine, Washington, DC Climate Change Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD Switzerland; Christian Simm, swissnex San Collective Action and the Virtuous Francisco, CA Commoner Climate Change: Altering the Physics, SPEAKERS SPEAKERS Mahlon DeLong, Emory University School of SPEAKERS Kathie Olsen, Association of Public and Land- Ecology, and Socioeconomics of *David K. Menon, University of Cambridge, SPEAKERS From Freud to fMRI: Untangling the grant Universities, Washington, DC Fisheries Medicine, Atlanta, GA Todd Kuiken, Northwestern University, History and Lessons from Movement United Kingdom Mystery of Stuttering Neurotechnology: Integration of Chicago, IL Neuroscience, Engineering, and the Friday, 18 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Disorders for Psychiatric Disorders Traumatic Brain Injury Research: State of Sunday, 20 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Play and Unmet Needs A Neural Interface for Artificial Limbs: Physical Sciences Organized by: Rashid Sumaila, University of Benjamin Greenberg, Brown University Targeted Muscle Reinnervation Organized by: Nan Ratner, University of Medical School, Providence, RI Walter J. Koroshetz, NINDS, Bethesda, MD David Clayton, University of Illinois, Urbana British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; William Comparative Effectiveness in Traumatic Olaf Blanke, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Maryland, College Park Neurogenomics: From Genes to Brains to W.L Cheung, University of East Anglia, United Long-Term Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for Lausanne, Switzerland Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Brain Injury: Problem Rich/Solution Poor? Behavior (and Back Again) Kingdom Ruxandra Draghia-Akli, European Commission, The Neuroscience of Self-Consciousness: SPEAKERS *Mehmet Yanik, Massachusetts Institute of Michael Okun, University of Florida, From the Body to Subjectivity Gainesville Directorate-General for Research/Health, Dennis Drayna, National Institute on Deafness Technology, Cambridge SPEAKERS Brussels, Belgium Miguel Nicolelis, Duke University Center for and Other Communication Disorders , High-Throughput Neurotechnology Obsessive Compulsive Disorders and Neuroengineering, Durham, NC Rashid Sumaila, University of British Benefits of International Collaboration in Rockville, MD *Karl Deisseroth, Stanford University, CA Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Tourette Syndrome: Avoiding DBS Failures Freeing the Brain from the Body Traumatic Brain Injury Research Identifying the Genetic Contributions to Optical Neuroengineering Technologies for Current Contribution of Global Fisheries to Helen Mayberg, Emory University School of Hod Lipson, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Medicine, Atlanta, GA Stuttering Analysis of Brain Circuits Human Welfare Self-Reflective Machines DBS for Major Depressive Disorders Chronic Illness Management and Luc de Nil, University of Toronto, Canada *Henrik Ehrsson, Karolinska Institutet, Jorge Sarmiento, Princeton University, NJ Mel Slater, University of Barcelona, Spain Joseph Fins, New York Presbyterian Hospital– Cognitive Science: Translation Beyond Brain Anatomy and Function in People Who Stockholm, Sweden Effects of Climate Change on the Bio- Weill Cornell Center, New York City Genes? Body Representation in Immersive Virtual Stutter Cognitive Neuroscience of Body Self- Physics of the Ocean Reality DBS and the Ethical Mandate To Foster Trust Anne Smith, Purdue University, West Perception William W.L Cheung, University of East Anglia, Saturday, 19 February 10:00AM-11:30AM and Sustain Scientific Advances Lafayette, IN Huda Akil, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor United Kingdom Organized by: Howard Leventhal, Rutgers Science Behind Improved Foreign How Stuttering Emerges from the Interfaces The Future of Clinical Neuroscience Climate Change and the Ecology of Fish and Crossing Borders in Language Science: University, New Brunswick, NJ Language Expertise: Meeting the Between Linguistic and Motor Processing Research: Genomes and Neural Circuits Fisheries 70 What Bilinguals Tell Us About Mind Global Challenge Vicky Lam, University of British Columbia, 71 Hunter-Gatherers and Language Thinking About Thinking: How Do We Vancouver, Canada and Brain SPEAKERS Sunday, 20 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Howard Leventhal, Rutgers University, New Change Know What We Know? Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Friday, 18 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Brunswick, NJ Organized by: Amy S. Weinberg, University of Human Welfare Maryland, College Park Sunday, 20 February 1:00PM-2:30PM Sunday, 20 February 3:00PM-4:30PM Organized by: Judith F. Kroll, Pennsylvania The Cognitive-Affective Science of Chronic Moustapha K. Gueye, United Nations Organized by: Claire Bowern, Yale University, State University, University Park Illness Management: It Isn’t All Genes Organized by: Chloe Kembery and Eva Environmental Program, Geneva, Switzerland Ethan A. Halm, University of Texas SPEAKERS New Haven, CT Hoogland, European Science Foundation, Food Security Implications of Climate Strasbourg, France Change Impacts on Fisheries SPEAKERS Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Robert O. Slater, National Security Education Program, Arlington, VA SPEAKERS Philippe Cury, Center for Mediterranean and Janet F. Werker, University of British Columbia, Addressing Patients’ Common-Sense Minds Claire Bowern, Yale University, New Haven, CT Tropical Fisheries Research, Montpellier, Vancouver, Canada for Treatment Adherence in Chronic Illnesses U.S. Government Strategies To Solve the SPEAKERS Global Challenge: History and Prospects New Insights on Language Change in France Perceptual Foundations for Bilingual Denise Park, University of Texas, Dallas John David Smith, State University of New Hunter-Gatherer Groups Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management Acquisition in Infancy Illness Management from the Perspective of Catherine Doughty, University of Maryland, York, Buffalo College Park Patrick McConvell, Australian National Under Climate Change Judith F. Kroll, Pennsylvania State University, Cognitive Neuroscience Recent Developments in the Study of University, Canberra University Park Cognitive Dimensions of Second Language Animal Metacognition Expertise Loans in Hunter-Gatherer Basic Vocabulary Comparing National Responses to The Bilingual Is a Mental Juggler: Behavioral The Science of Eating: Perception and Josef Perner, University of Salzburg, Austria and Electrophysiological Evidence Preference in Human Taste Lee Osterhout, University of Washington, Patience Epps, University of Texas, Austin Metacognition of Ignorance: What Can Climate Change: Networks of Debate Seattle Karen Emmorey, San Diego State University, CA The Historical Development of Numeral Animal Studies Teach Us? and Contention Saturday, 19 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Neuroscience and Second Language Systems: Insights from Hunter-Gatherers Bilingualism Across Signed and Spoken Joëlle Proust, Institut Jean-Nicod, Paris, France Organized by: Albert H. Teich and Rieko Acquisition Thinking About Thinking: Evolutionary, Friday, 18 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Languages Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Need Teresa Bajo, University of Granada, Spain Yajima, AAAS Science and Policy Programs, Developmental, and Epistemological Organized by: Jeffrey P. Broadbent, University Cultural Evolutionary Dynamics of Aspects of Minnesota, Minneapolis Variations in Inhibitory Control in Washington, DC; Jill Pace, American College of for Multidisciplinary and Global Language Selection During Production and Real Estate Lawyers, Rockville, MD Cooperation Approaches Nature, Nurture, and Antisocial SPEAKERS Comprehension Sunday, 20 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Sunday, 20 February 1:00PM-2:30PM SPEAKERS Behavior: Biological and Biosocial Jeffrey P. Broadbent, University of Minnesota, Sonja A. Kotz, Max Planck Institute for Organized by: David M. Carballo, Boston Gary Beauchamp, Monell Chemical Senses Organized by: Elmar Nimmesgern, European Research on Crime Minneapolis Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, University, MA Germany Center, Philadelphia, PA Commission, Brussels, Belgium; Philippe Comparing National Responses to Climate Monday, 21 February 9:45AM-11:15AM The Impact of Cognitive Functions on The Biological and Genetic Bases for Human Amouyel, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France Change: Networks, Discourse, and Action Bilingual Processing: Neuroimaging Taste Perception and Preference SPEAKERS Organized by: William Alex Pridemore, Indiana Dana R. Fisher, Columbia University, New York Evidence Jane Leland, Kraft Foods, Glenview, IL David M. Carballo, Boston University, MA SPEAKERS University, Bloomington City Ellen Bialystok, York University, Toronto, The Science of Taste Perception and Its Use Cultural Evolutionary Dynamics of Thomas Gasser, Hertie Institute for Clinical Understanding Political Discourse on Canada in the Development of Delicious Foods Cooperation: An Introduction Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany SPEAKERS Climate Change in U.S. Congressional Protective Effects of Bilingualism for José Andrés, José Andrés Think Food Group, Charles Stanish, University of California, Los New Approaches to Neurodegenerative Adrian Raine, University of Pennsylvania, Hearings Cognitive Aging and Dementia Washington, DC Angeles Disease Research Philadelphia Sony Pellissery, Institute of Rural

14 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | 17–21 February 2011 | Washington, D.C. *Invited, not yet confirmed.

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Appendix Management, Anand, India Mary Ruckelshaus, NOAA Northwest Fisheries SPEAKERS Win-Win and Win-No-Lose Control Measures SPEAKERS Online Educator Support: What Works? Contestations on Climate Science in the Science Center, Seattle, WA Nicholas A.J. Graham, Australian Research for Black Carbon and Ozone Javier Movellan, University of California, La Jolla Marsha Maytas, American Physiological Development Context: The Case of India Changing Management to Manage Change: Center, Townsville Frank Raes, European Commission, JRC Integration Across Levels of Analysis: Social Society, Bethesda, MD Sun-Jin Yun, Seoul National University, South New Approaches from Natural and Social Impacts of Climate Change to Coral Reef Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Robots for Use in Classrooms Frontiers in Physiology: Promoting Teacher Korea Science Fishes Ispra, Italy Kenneth Koedinger, Carnegie Mellon Reflection and Interaction Online Climate Change Media Debates in Korea Tim M. Daw, University of East Anglia, United Benefits of BC and Tropospheric Ozone University, Pittsburgh, PA Vikram Savkar, Scitable by Nature Education, Jun Jin, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China In Hot Water: Rising Public Health Kingdom Reduction Measures for Climate, Health, Scaling Up and Scaling Down: Toward a Two- Cambridge, MA Role of Chinese Environmental Non- Concerns from Changing Ocean It’s Not Just About the Fish! Multiple and Ecosystems Way Street Between Science and Practice The Issue of Currency in Teaching Training Governmental Organizations in Conditions Pathways of Climate Impacts on Fisheries Erika Rosenthal, Earthjustice, Washington, DC Philip Bell, University of Washington, Seattle Deanne B. Erdmann, Baylor College of International Talks R. Quentin Grafton, Australian National Good Practice in Reducing Black Carbon STEM Interest Development and Learning Medicine, Houston, TX Koichi Hasegawa, Tohoku University, Sendai, Saturday, 19 February 10:00AM-11:30AM University, Canberra Emissions at the Local Level Across Home, School, and Out-of-School Tips for Designing Successful Online Japan Organized by: Carolyn Sotka, NOAA Oceans The Economics of Adapting to Climate Martin Williams, King’s College, London, Settings Courses and Workshops Japan’s Climate Change Media and Politics: and Human Health Initiative, Charleston, SC; Change in Capture Fisheries United Kingdom David Micklos, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2008–2009 Paul Sandifer, NOAA, Washington, DC Edward H. Allison, WorldFish Center, Penang, Developing Integrated Air Pollution and Celebrating Marie Curie’s 100th NY Malaysia Climate Change Policies Anniversary of Her Nobel Prize in Search Engine Optimization To Increase Rethinking Adaptation to a Changing SPEAKERS A Global Perspective on the Vulnerability of Chemistry Audiences for Online Science Education Global Environment Erin K. Lipp, University of Georgia, Athens Societies to the Impacts of Climate Change How Climate Change Affects the Safety Louisa Stark, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Friday, 18 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Dust in the Wind: How Global Joshua E. Cinner, Australian Research Center, of the World’s Food Supply Multimedia Approaches to Supporting Saturday, 19 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Townsville Teachers in Implementing Curriculum Desertification Is Affecting Pathogenic Monday, 21 February 9:45AM-11:15AM Organized by: Penny J. Gilmer, Florida State Organized by: Gregory P. Dietl, Paleontological Marine Vibrios Linking Social Science and Ecology To University, Tallahassee; Alan Rocke, Case Materials Research Institution, Ithaca, NY Stephanie Moore, NOAA Northwest Fisheries Confront the Climate Challenge Organized by: Ewen C. Todd, Michigan State Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH Science Center, Seattle, WA University, East Lansing The Challenge of Teaching Evolution in SPEAKERS The Risk Factor: Climate Change Opens Changing Climate, Changing SPEAKERS the Islamic World Gregory P. Dietl, Paleontological Research Windows of Opportunity for Harmful Algal Approaches: Conservation in the Face SPEAKERS Patricia A. Baisden, Lawrence Livermore Friday, 18 February 3:00PM-4:30PM Institution, Ithaca, NY Blooms of Climate Change Sandra A. Hoffman, Resources for the Future, National Laboratory, Livermore, CA Cross-Scale Interactions and Adaptation Sandra McLellan, University of Wisconsin, Washington, DC Organized by: Eugenie C. Scott, National Sunday, 20 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Marie Curie, the Premier Chemist, Co- John N. Thompson, University of California, Milwaukee Climate Change, Food Safety, and Policy Discoverer of Radiation and Radioactivity Center for Science Education, Oakland, CA Santa Cruz When it Rains, It Pours: Climate and Organized by: Michelle M. McClure, NOAA Analysis: What Are the Fundamental Pnina G. Abir-Am, Brandeis University, The Coevolutionary Process Across Waterborne Disease Transmission in Urban Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Challenges? Waltham, MA SPEAKERS Constantly Changing Environments Coastal Ecosystems WA Cristina Tirado, University of California, Los Historical Perspectives on the Public Taner Edis, Truman State University, Kirksville, Geerat J. Vermeij, University of California, Angeles Memory of Marie S. Curie MO Davis Where Ocean Meets Land: Dynamic SPEAKERS To be announced online Julie Des Jardins, Baruch College, New York City A Brief History of Islamic Creationism in Escalation, Interdependence, and Source Shorelines in a Warming World Peter Kareiva, The Nature Conservancy, The Marie Curie Complex: The Hidden Turkey Populations Seattle, WA Research Infrastructures: The Jason R. Wiles, Syracuse University, NY Saturday, 19 February 1:30PM-4:30PM History of Women in Science When Climate Demands New Goals: From Emergence of Key Players for Teaching and Learning About Biological Adapting to a Clear and Present Organized by: Charna Meth, Consortium for Resistance to Resilience to Transformation Environmental Research Engaging Students in Undergraduate Evolution in the Muslim World Danger: Climate Change and Ocean Ocean Leadership, Washington, DC; Gregory S. Thomas E. Reed, University of Washington, Salman Hameed, Hampshire College, Amherst, Monday, 21 February 9:45AM-11:15AM STEM Education with a Focus on Ecosystems Mountain, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ Seattle Global Stewardship MA 72 Evolution, Plasticity, and the Challenges of Organized by: Janine Delahaut, European The Future of Acceptance of Evolution in the 73 Saturday, 19 February 8:30AM-11:30AM SPEAKERS Climate Change for Species Conservation Commission, Brussels, Belgium; Elena Righi- Friday, 18 February 1:00PM-2:30PM Muslim World Organized by: Chad English, Communication Gregory S. Mountain, Rutgers University, Kyle Van Houtan, NOAA Pacific Islands Steele, European Commission, Brussels, Organized by: Jay B. Labov, National Academy Partnership for Science and the Sea, Piscataway, NJ Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI Belgium of Sciences, Washington, DC; Catherine Invisible Men? Addressing the Silver Spring, MD; Scott Doney, Woods Introduction: The What, How, and Why of Sea Turtles, Storms, and Sea Levels Middlecamp, University of Wisconsin, Participation of Minority Males in Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA; Sea-Level Change Russell Brainard, NOAA Pacific Islands SPEAKERS Madison; Melvin D. George, University of Science and Engineering Mary Ruckelshaus, National Oceanic Craig Fulthorpe, University of Texas, Austin Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI Philippe Ciais, Laboratory of Climate Sciences Missouri, Columbia and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Sea Level in Deep Time: The Record from Hard Corals: Assessing Extinction Risk and Environment, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Saturday, 19 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Continental Margins Under Climate Change Integrated Carbon Observation System To SPEAKERS Organized by: Catherine Didion, National WA Alexander Tudhope, University of Edinburgh, Quantify Greenhouse Gas Fluxes Across Susan Singer, Carleton College, Northfield, MN Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC Scotland Limiting Climate Change: Reducing Europe Evidence of What Works in Undergraduate SPEAKERS Sea Level Through the Millennia: The Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone Massimo Cocco, National Institute of STEM Education SPEAKERS Record from Coral Reefs Geophysics and Volcanology, Rome, Italy Francis Chan, Oregon State University, Precursors Catherine Middlecamp, University of Eric Jolly, Science Museum of Minnesota, St. Corvallis Gary Mitchum, University of South Florida, St. European Plate Observing System: A Wisconsin, Madison Paul Petersburg Sunday, 20 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Long-term Integration Plan for Solid Earth “A” Is for Anoxia and Acidification: Shifts in Matching Our Curriculum to Our Planet: An Addressing the Dearth of Native American Sciences Oxygen and Chemistry in Coastal Waters Sea Level on the Human Scale: Tidal Organized by: Frank Raes, European Interdisciplinary Approach Males in Science and Engineering Measurements and Satellite Altimetry Timothy L. Killeen, National Science J. Emmett Duffy, Virginia Institute of Marine Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC), Judith Ramaley, Winona State University, MN Florence Bonner, Howard University, S. Jeffress Williams, U.S. Geological Survey Foundation (NSF), Arlington, VA Science, Gloucester Point Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Bringing Together STEM and Global Washington, DC (USGS), Woods Hole, MA The U.S. Research Infrastructures Program Wetlands and Estuaries: How Things Will Ispra, Italy; Geraldine Barry, European Sustainability Communities: Next Steps for African American Males in Higher for Environmental Research Change Where the Land Meets the Sea Sea-Level Rise in the Coming Years: Impacts Commission, JRC, Brussels, Belgium Academe Education: Diminishing Returns Nancy Knowlton, Smithsonian National to Dynamic Coasts Carlos Rodriguez, American Institutes for Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC Margaret Davidson, NOAA Coastal Services SPEAKERS Just-in-Time Support for Science Research, Washington, DC Resilient Reefs and Mangroves: Ecosystem- Center, Charleston, SC Drew Shindell, NASA Goddard Institute for Education Teaching: Web-Based Approaches Cultural Competency Curriculum Modules: Based Adaptation to Climate Change Preparing for the Future: Adaptive Space Studies, New York City How To Effectively Reach Diverse Students Anne Hollowed, National Marine Fisheries Strategies To Deal with Changing Shorelines Limiting Near-Term Climate Change While Learning Research and Educational Friday, 18 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Service, Seattle, WA Improving Human Well-Being Practice: How Can We Make Better The University of the Future Can Reef Fisheries Take the Heat? Organized by: Nancy P. Moreno and Deanne From Climate Change to Fish on Your Plate: Teppei Yasunari, NASA Goddard Earth Connections? B. Erdmann, Baylor College of Medicine, Saturday, 19 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Managing Fisheries in a Changing World Ecological and Economic Impacts of Sciences and Technology Center, Greenbelt, Houston, TX *William Sydeman, Farallon Institute for Climate Change MD Friday, 18 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Organized by: Robert M. Nerem, Georgia Advanced Ecosystem Research, Petaluma, CA Impacts of Black Carbon (BC) Pollution on Organized by: Janice Earle and Soo-Siang Lim, Institute of Technology, Atlanta; James J. Sunday, 20 February 8:30AM-11:30AM SPEAKERS Duderstadt, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor A Bird’s Eye View: What Our Feathered Himalayan Glaciers NSF, Arlington, VA Nancy P. Moreno, Baylor College of Medicine, Organized by: Joshua E. Cinner, Australian Friends Can Tell Us About Our Changing Markus Amann, International Institute for Houston, TX Oceans Research Center, Townsville Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria

16 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | 17–21 February 2011 | Washington, D.C. *Invited, not yet confirmed.

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Appendix SPEAKERS SPEAKERS Emerging Science and SPEAKERS SPEAKERS Aeroecology: Transcending *Mary Sue Coleman, University of Michigan, John W. Moore, ChemEd DL, Madison, WI Technology Iain Couzin, Princeton University, NJ Felicitas Pauss, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Boundaries Among Ecology, Ann Arbor Digital Resources for Chemistry Teachers Collective Motion and Decision-Making in The Large Hadron Collider: A Global Meteorology, and Physics The State University of the Future and Students Animal Groups Endeavor *Robert J. Birgeneau, University of California, Bruce Mason, ComPADRE Digital Library, Biological Role and Consequences of Pierre Degond, Paul Sabatier University, Thomas LeCompte, Argonne National Saturday, 19 February 3:00PM-4:30PM Berkeley Norman, OK Intrinsic Protein Disorder Toulouse, France Laboratory, IL Organized by: Winifred F. Frick, University Issues Facing a Public University Physics and Astronomy Education for Friday, 18 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Spatial Self-Organization in Animal Groups ATLAS: On the Road to Discovery of California, Santa Cruz; Phillip B. Chilson, Michael M. Crow, Arizona State University, Middle School Through Graduate School and Human Crowds Joseph Incandela, University of California, University of Oklahoma, Norman Tempe Lang Moore, Mathematical Association of Organized by: Peter E. Wright and H. Jane Andrea L. Bertozzi, University of California, Los Santa Barbara America (MathDL), Durham, NC Dyson, The Scripps Research Institute, La Angeles Changing a State University for Tomorrow Physics from the First Year of the CMS SPEAKERS Math Across the Curriculum Jolla, CA Natural and Robot Swarms Experiment G.P. “Bud” Peterson, Georgia Institute of Thomas H. Kunz, Boston University, MA Technology, Atlanta Yolanda George, AAAS Education and Human Yves Schutz, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Aeroecology as an Emerging Scientific Resources, Washington, DC SPEAKERS Sharper Images in Astronomy, Issues Facing a Public Institute of ALICE’s Voyage to the Beginning of the Discipline Technology BEN: A Digital Tool for Teaching and Peter E. Wright, The Scripps Research Universe Microscopy, and Vision Science Using Phillip B. Chilson, University of Oklahoma, Learning Biological Sciences Institute, La Jolla, CA Adaptive Optics Monica Pepe-Altarelli, CERN, Geneva, Norman Implementing the Vision and Change Robert M. Panoff, Computational Science Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: A Primer Switzerland Enabling Aeroecological Studies Through Education Reference Desk, Durham, NC Peter Tompa, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Friday, 18 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Report on Undergraduate Biology Studying Beauty at LHCb Advancements in Radar Technology Computational Thinking Across the Budapest Education Organized by: Christopher Dainty, National Winifred F. Frick, University of California, Santa Curriculum: Science at the Speed of Right Structural Disorder and Viability of Aberrant University of Ireland, Galway Nanoworld, Megaproblems? The Cruz Saturday, 19 February 1:00PM-2:30PM Laura Bartolo, Kent State University, OH Proteins in the Cell Impact of Nanotechnology on the *Ron Kopito, Stanford University, CA Meteorological Drivers of Predator-Prey Organized by: Michael M. Cox, University of Multi-Institutional Collaborations for SPEAKERS Environment and Society Interactions in the Aerosphere Wisconsin, Madison; Barbara Illman, U.S. Materials Research and Learning Intrinsically Disordered Proteins and Eric Betzig, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Forest Service, Madison, WI Neurodegenerative Disease Ashburn, VA Saturday, 19 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Use of Lasers in Surgery, Regenerative Aiming for Scientific Literacy by Adaptive Optics for High-Resolution Deep Organized by: Alberto Pimpinelli, Science and Medicine, and Medical Device Teaching the Process, Nature, and Growth and Form in Mathematics, SPEAKERS Tissue Imaging Technology Office of the French Embassy in Fabrication Bruce M. Alberts, AAAS/Science, Washington, Limits of Science Physics, and Biology Joseph Carroll, Medical College of Wisconsin, the United States, Houston, TX DC Milwaukee Saturday, 19 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Sunday, 20 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Friday, 18 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Imaging the Human Retina with Adaptive Why a Major Rethinking of Biology 1 Organized by: L. Mahadevan, Harvard SPEAKERS Organized by: Roger Narayan, University of Courses Is Crucial to Our Future Organized by: Jay B. Labov, National Optics: Assessing Development and University, Cambridge, MA; Edward Aboufadel, Claude Weisbuch, University of California, North Carolina, Chapel Hill Ellis Bell, University of Richmond, VA Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC; Judy Disruption Santa Barbara Scotchmoor, University of California Museum Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI Norbert Hubin, European Southern An Infrastructure for Change: Creating Nanotechnology and Nanosciences: The SPEAKERS of Paleontology, Berkeley Observatory (ESO), Garching, Germany Networks and Resources To Promote State of the Art Ramachandra Dasari, Massachusetts Institute SPEAKERS Adaptive Optics for ESO Astronomical Innovative, Philippe Martin, European Commission, of Technology, Cambridge Jo Handelsman, Yale University, New Haven, CT SPEAKERS L. Mahadevan, Harvard University, Cambridge, Telescopes Directorate-General for Research/Health and MA Futuristic Clinical Diagnostic Tools: A What About the “How” in Educational Jon D. Miller, Michigan State University, East Consumer Protection, Brussels, Belgium Spectroscopist’s Perspective Change? Lansing Simple Aspects of Growth and Form Through the Looking Glass: Recent Governance and Ethics of Yves Couder, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, Ilko Ilev, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Scientific Literacy in the United States and Adventures in Antimatter Nanotechnologies: The European View Silver Spring, MD Science Without Borders: Learning How It Is Measured France Carlos Peña, U.S. Food and Drug Experiments on Isotropy or Anisotropy in Friday, 18 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Laser Safety in Recent Biophotonics 74 from TIMSS Advanced 2008 David Burns, National Center for Science and Administration, Bethesda, MD Technology and Medical Devices 75 Civic Engagement, Washington, DC Growth Organized by: Charles W. Clark, NIST, FDA’s Approach to Science, Policy, and Tuan Vo Dinh, Duke University, Durham, NC Saturday, 19 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Courses that Integrate Processes, Nature, Alan Newell, University of Arizona, Tucson Gaithersburg, MD Research Needs for Nanotechnology Laser Systems in Medicine Organized by: Patsy Wang-Iverson, Gabriella and Limits of Science with Content The Universal Nature of Fibonacci Patterns Jim Alwood, U.S. Environmental Protection James Yoo, Wake Forest University, Winston- and Paul Rosenbaum Foundation, Stockton, NJ Norman Lederman, Illinois Institute of Agency, Washington, DC SPEAKERS Salem, NC Technology, Chicago Matter Wave Magic and Technology Nanotechnology, Nanomaterials, and the Stephen J. Buckman, Australian National Lasers in Regenerative Medicine SPEAKERS The Nature of Science and Inquiry: Their Friday, 18 February 8:00AM-9:30AM University, Canberra EPA Importance in Developing Scientific Literacy Roger Narayan, University of North Carolina, Alka Arora, International Study Center, Positron Interactions with Atoms: Molecules Chapel Hill Judy Scotchmoor, University of California Organized by: Charles W. Clark, National and Materials Superconductivity: From 1911 to 2021 Chestnut Hill, MA Institute of Standards and Technology, Laser Based Biofabrication of Biomaterials Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley Hui Chen, Lawrence Livermore National TIMSS Advanced 2008 Overview Gaithersburg (NIST), MD Saturday, 19 February 1:30PM-4:30PM and Medical Devices Barbara Japelj Pavesic, Educational Research Educating Teachers To Better Understand Laboratory, Livermore, CA Organized by: David Pines, University of Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia the Processes, Nature, and Limits of Science Generation of Positrons with Intense Laser SPEAKERS California, Davis Explaining Phase Transitions Benchmarking Slovenia Student Knowledge Mark Stefanski, Marin Academy, San Rafael, CA Light to TIMSS Advanced 2008 A Case Study Integrating the Process of Jay Vaishnav, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Michael Phelps, University of California, Los Sunday, 20 February 1:30PM-4:30PM PA Liv Sissel Gronmo, University of Oslo, Norway Science into High School Advanced Biology Angeles SPEAKERS Organized by: David Lightfoot, Georgetown Atomtronics: The Matter Wave Analog and Learning from Norway’s Performance on The Forefront of Medical Imaging Using Jörg Schmalian, Iowa State University, Ames University, Washington, DC Generalization of Electronics TIMSS Advanced 2008 Transcending Gender and Ethnic Positron Emission Tomography From Heavy Electrons to the Cuprates, Ian Spielman, Joint Quantum Institute, Organics, and Pnictides Richard Askey, University of Wisconsin, Barriers to Full STEM Participation Zhangbu Xu, Brookhaven National Laboratory, SPEAKERS Gaithersburg, MD Upton, NY Malvin A. Ruderman, Columbia University, New Madison Jeffrey Lidz, University of Maryland, College Park Monday, 21 February 9:45AM-11:15AM Synthetic Magnetism in Ultracold Atoms The Heaviest Known Antimatter York City Learning from TIMSS Advanced The Explosion of Language Acquisition Mathematics Items Organized by: Nicole M. Else-Quest, Villanova Marcos Rigol, Georgetown University, Gerald Gabrielse, Harvard University, Observing Celestial Superfluids University, PA Washington, DC Cambridge, MA David Larbalestier, Florida State University, David Lightfoot, Georgetown University, Chad Orzell, Union College, Schenectady, NY Washington, DC Atom Lasers in Optical Lattices: The Next Science with Antiatoms: The Quest To Study Tallahassee, and Alex Malozemoff, American What Physics Knowledge Is Assessed in Phase Transitions in Language History SPEAKERS Generation of Coherent Matter Waves Antihydrogen Superconductor Corp., Devens, MA TIMSS Advanced 2008? Martina Morris, University of Washington, Seattle Nicole M. Else-Quest, Villanova University, PA Applications: The Challenges and Promise Mathematics and Collective Behavior First Physics from the Large Hadron of the Next Decade Networks and Epidemics: Explaining Teaching and Learning in the Digital STEM Attitudes and Achievement at the Disparities in the Spread of HIV Intersection of Gender and Ethnic Identities Collider Zachary Fisk, University of California, Irvine, Age: Reliable Resources Across the Friday, 18 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Douglas H. Erwin, Smithsonian Institution, Fred Smyth, University of Virginia, and Robert Cava, Princeton University, NJ Disciplines Organized by: Warren Page, The City Sunday, 20 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Washington, DC Charlottesville Finding New Superconductors: Where To University of New York (Retired), Larchmont, Sunday, 20 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Organized by: James Gillies, European Look Major Evolutionary Transitions as Phase Implicit Predictors of Engineering Persistence NY Transitions in the History of Life Organized by: Linda N. Fanis, Chemical Geoffrey L. Cohen, Stanford University, CA Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Katie Yurkewicz, Fermi James Yorke, University of Maryland, College Park Education Digital Library (ChemEd DL), Recursive Processes in Self-Affirmation: Transitions to Chaos Madison, WI Closing the Racial Achievement Gap in Math National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL

18 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | 17–21 February 2011 | Washington, D.C. *Invited, not yet confirmed.

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Appendix Inspiring Researchers: Building on the Energy Heterogeneous Multifunctional Nanowires If Termites Can Do It, Why Can’t SPEAKERS Uncertainties of Low-Carbon Energy Legacy of Marie Curie for Supercapacitors Humans? John P. Martin, New York State Energy Technologies on Water Biorefinery: Toward an Industrial Mike Perry, United Technologies Corp., East Research and Development Authority, Albany Sunday, 20 February 3:00PM-4:30PM Hartford, CT Saturday, 19 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Metabolism Gas Shales: Energy Rocks with Big Organized by: Louise Byrne, Research Flow Batteries for Building, Renewable Organized by: Lakshmi N. Reddi and Eduardo Implications Global Collaboration Executive Agency, Brussels, Belgium Friday, 18 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Energy, and Grid Scale Electrical Energy Divo, University of Central Florida, Orlando Anthony W. Gorody, Universal Geoscience Storage Organized by: Daniel Thomas, University of Consulting, Inc., Houston, TX The Crowd and the Cloud: The Future SPEAKERS Technology of Compiegne, Compiegne, France; SPEAKERS Addressing Environmental Angst: of Online Collaboration Powering the Planet: Generation of Baselines, Monitors, and Other Strategies *Maria Jose Aldegunde, University of Adele Martial, Consulate General of France, Miguel Cerrolaza, Central University of Friday, 18 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Edinburgh, United Kingdom Chicago, IL Clean Fuels from Sunlight and Water Venezuela, Caracas Abby Kinchy, Rensselaer Polytechnic University, Troy, NY Organized by: Michael R. Nelson, Georgetown A Synthetic Molecular Machine Capable of Saturday, 19 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Nature, Biology, and Mathematics: A Perfect Complex Task Performance Match for Bioengineering Progress Fractious Citizens: Sociological Perspectives University, Washington, DC SPEAKERS Organized by: Harry B. Gray, Bruce B. *Ilja Voets, Universite de Fribourg, Switzerland Lakshmi N. Reddi, University of Central on the Hydraulic Fracturing Controversy Jens Nielsen, Chalmers University of Brunschwig, and Jay R. Winkler, California Cluster, Glass, and Crystal Formation in Florida, Orlando SPEAKERS Technology, Goteborg, Sweden Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA Protein Mixtures of Opposite Charge Thermoregulatory Analogies Between Portraits of the California Energy Jeannette Wing, NSF, Arlington, VA Yeast as a Platform Cell Factory in Future System in 2050: Cutting Emissions by *Patrycja Kowalska, University of Warwick, Biorefineries Plants, Skin, and Earthen Construction Crowds and Clouds SPEAKERS United Kingdom Anne Wagner, SYRAL(Tereos), Marckolsheim, Materials 80 Percent Jennifer Preece, University of Maryland, Marcetta Y. Darensbourg, Texas A&M Flow-Aligned Polarized Raman of Germany Satprem Maini, Auroville Earth Institute, India College Park University, College Station Sunday, 20 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Biomacromolecular Entities Biorefinery: An Industrial Point of View Stabilized Earth Architecture for a Technology-Mediated Social Participation Hydrogen Evolving Catalysts: Insights from Sustainable Future Organized by: Jane C.S. Long, Lawrence James Clark, University of York, United Kingdom Nature Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA; Bioprinting: A Future of Regenerative Green Chemistry and Biorefinery Jannick Rolland, University of Rochester, NY Crossing Boundaries and Opening Medicine Heinz Frei, Lawrence Berkeley National Tomography for Depth Imaging of Susan Hackwood and Miriam John, California Borders: The European Research Laboratory, Berkeley, CA Council on Science and Technology, Riverside Energy Efficiency in Europe and the Biological Systems at Micron Resolution Council as Innovation Monday, 21 February 9:45AM-11:15AM All-Inorganic Polynuclear Assemblies for Kon-Well Wang, University of Michigan, Ann Organized by: Vladimir Mironov, Medical United States: Success Stories and Artificial Photosynthesis Arbor SPEAKERS Friday, 18 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Future Potentials Nathan Lewis, California Institute of University of South Carolina, Charleston Learning from Plants: Bio-Inspired Multi- James McMahon, Lawrence Berkeley National Organized by: Samantha Christey, European Technology, Pasadena, CA Friday, 18 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Functional Adaptive Structural Systems Laboratory, Berkeley, CA Research Council (ERC), Brussels, Belgium Sunlight-Driven Hydrogen Formation by Chang Liu, Northwestern University, Evanston, Holding the Line on Energy Demand SPEAKERS Organized by: Katja Stempfle-Eberl, Baden- Membrane-Supported Photochemical Water IL Chris Yang, University of California, Davis Vladimir Mironov, Medical University of South Württemberg International, Stuttgart, SPEAKERS Splitting Biologically Inspired Sensors Carolina, Charleston Germany Getting Transportation Off Fossil Fuel Helga Nowotny, ERC, Vienna, Austria Thomas Mallouk, Pennsylvania State Bryan Hannegan, Electric Power Research Introduction in Bioprinting University, University Park Taking Stock and Future Perspectives Hod Lipson, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Waste Not, Want Not: Waste As the Institute, Palo Alto, CA SPEAKERS Progress and Problems in Visible Light Suzanne Fortier, Natural Sciences and Digital Bioprinting World’s Most Abundant Renewable Inventing a Carbon-Free Electricity Engineering Research Council of Canada, Giovanni De Santi, European Commission, JRC Water Splitting Generation System James Yoo, Wake Forest University, Winston- Institute for Energy, Petten, Netherlands Gerald J. Meyer, Johns Hopkins University, Resource Ottawa Salem, NC Heather Youngs, University of California, Crossing Boundaries: A Transatlantic European Union (EU) Energy Efficiency Baltimore, MD Sunday, 20 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Berkeley Bioprinting of Human Skin In Vivo Making Chemical Bonds with Visible Light Perspective on Supporting Frontier Contributions to 2020 Climate Goals: Organized by: Michael Webber, University of Potential for Sustainable Biofuels in Policies and Technologies Research Chemically Speaking: How Organisms Texas, Austin California: Opportunities and Issues Juleen Rae Zierath, Karolinska Institutet, Peter Frankenberg, Ministry of Science, Mathematics and Our Energy Future Jeffrey Greenblatt, Lawrence Berkeley National 76 Talk to Each Other Research and the Arts Baden-Württemberg, Stockholm, Sweden 77 Saturday, 19 February 10:00AM-11:30AM SPEAKERS Laboratory, Berkeley, CA Nurturing the Best: An American in Monday, 21 February 9:45AM-12:45PM Stuttgart, Germany Organized by: Russel E. Caflisch, Institute for Dan Kammen, University of California, Putting Together an Energy System Portrait Stockholm Baden-Württemberg: Scientific Excellence for California Organized by: Barbara Illman, U.S. Forest and Its Contribution to Energy Efficiency Pure and Applied Mathematics, Los Angeles, Berkeley Service, Madison, WI; Jerrold Meinwald, CA; Mary Lou Zeeman, Bowdoin College, Crop and Industrial Waste for Biofuels: *Nathan Lewis, California Institute of Role of U.S. Federal Agencies in Roland Schindler, Fraunhofer Center for Technology, Pasadena Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Sustainable Energy Systems, Cambridge, MA Brunswick, ME Sparing Land, Water, and Energy Building Scientific Capacity in John M. McManus, American Electric Power, The Future of Game-Changing Energy Moving Energy Efficiency from Basic Science Technologies Developing Countries SPEAKERS to Application: An Interdisciplinary Task SPEAKERS Columbus, OH Carbon Dioxide and Solid By-Products Friday, 18 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Ian T. Baldwin, Max Planck Institute for Martin Z. Bazant, Massachusetts Institute of The Energy and Water Nexus: Turning Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany Pillars, Polymers, and Computers: from Coal Combustion: Waste or Valuable Organized by: Pallavi Phartiyal, AAAS Science Technology, Cambridge a Double Problem into a Solution Asking the Ecosystem About the Function of Creative Approaches to Electrical Phase Transformations in Lithium-Ion Batteries Feedstock? and Policy Programs, Washington, DC Plant Secondary Metabolites Energy Storage Keith Promislow, Michigan State University, Frank M. Mitloehner, University of California, Monday, 21 February 9:45AM-12:45PM Deborah Hogan, Dartmouth Medical School, Davis East Lansing Organized by: Estathios Peteves, European SPEAKERS Hanover, NH Sunday, 20 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Agricultural Waste for Energy Nanoscale Networks for Efficient Energy Commission, JRC Institute for Energy, Petten, Michael P. Johnson, National Institutes of Chemical Signaling Between Bacteria and Dale Klein, University of Texas, Austin Organized by: Ashley Predith, University of Conversion Netherlands; Geraldine Barry, European Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD Fungi Nuclear Waste for Fuel Maryland, College Park Ian Dobson, University of Wisconsin, Madison Commission, JRC, Brussels, Belgium NIH Beyond Research: Strengthening Mariana Wolfner, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Cascading Failure in Widespread Blackouts David Scott, Abu Dhabi Basic Industries Corp., Work Force and Institutions in Developing Seminal Proteins from Male Insects Affect United Arab Emirates Countries SPEAKERS SPEAKERS Mated Females’ Behavior and Reproduction Deepwater Drilling: A Risk Worth Waste Heat for Producing Fresh Water Bruce M. Alberts, AAAS/Science, Washington, DC Imre Gyuk, U.S. Department of Energy, Tony Allan, King’s College London, United Julia Kubanek, Georgia Institute of Technology, Rusty Wheat, Total Petrochemicals, Brussels, A New Model of Engagement: U.S. Science Washington, DC Taking? Kingdom Atlanta Belgium Envoys Program Energy Storage for a Greener and More The Global Energy Water Nexus Warding Off Disease on Coral Reefs: Saturday, 19 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Finding Value from Waste in the Supply Chain James M. Turner, NOAA, Washington, DC Reliable Grid Kathleen Miller, National Center for Antifungal Chemical Cues in Tropical Organized by: Richard D’Souza, Granherne The Need for International Capacity- Kristin Persson, Lawrence Berkeley National Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO Seaweeds Laboratory, Berkeley, CA Global Operations, Houston, TX Fractures Developing: The Science, Building and Overcoming Challenges Walter S. Leal, University of California, Davis Policy, and Perception of Shale Gas Water and Energy: How Will Climate Change First-Principles Calculations for Energy Reshuffle the Cards? Olfactory Molecular Targets for Reverse Storage Applications SPEAKERS Development Education, Science, and Innovation as Chemical Ecology Jerry Sehlke, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Tools for New Engagement with the Scott White, University of Illinois, Urbana Vikram Rao, Research Triangle Energy Sunday, 20 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Falls Cameron R. Currie, University of Wisconsin, Enabling Concepts for Safe, Self-Healing Consortium, Research Triangle Park, NC Islamic World Madison What Low-Carbon Energy Technologies Can Li-Ion Batteries To be announced online Organized by: John P. Martin, New York State In Cahoots: Ants, Fungi, and Bacteria Energy Research and Development Authority, Do To Improve Water Supply Friday, 18 February 1:00PM-2:30PM Sang Bok Lee, University of Maryland and Terry C. Hazen, Lawrence Berkeley National Evangelos Tzimas, European Commission, JRC Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Laboratory, CA Albany; Michele L. Aldrich, California Academy Organized by: Ben Koppelman, The Royal of Sciences, San Francisco Institute for Energy, Petten, Netherlands Technology, College Park To be announced online Sustainable or Not? Impacts and Society, London, United Kingdom

20 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | 17–21 February 2011 | Washington, D.C. *Invited, not yet confirmed.

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Appendix SPEAKERS SPEAKERS SPEAKERS Bringing Innovation to International Can Global Science Solve Global The Human Body as Supra-Organism, *Bruce M. Alberts, AAAS/Science, Robert-Jan Smits, European Commission, JRC, Patrick Windham, Stanford University, CA Development: New Actors, New Challenges? Microbial Observatory, and Ecosystem Washington, DC Brussels, Belgium A Survey of National Policies Toward Mechanisms at Risk Getting To Know Each Other Better: A United Europe of Innovation States: Can Non-National Participation in Technology Monday, 21 February 9:45AM-11:15AM Repairing Growing Misunderstanding and It Be Done? Programs Sunday, 20 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Organized by: Tracey Elliott, Royal Society, Friday, 18 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Distrust Surin Pitsuwan, Association of Southeast Astrid-Christina Koch, EU Delegation to the Organized by: Ticora V. Jones and Alex London, United Kingdom Organized by: David A. Relman, Stanford Mohamed H. Hassan, Third World Academy of Asian Nations (ASEAN), Jakarta, Indonesia United States, Washington, DC Deghan, U.S. Agency for International University, Palo Alto, CA; Jeffrey I. Gordon, Sciences, Trieste, Italy ASEAN: Shifting to a More Environmental Encouraging Foreign Participation in the EU Development (USAID), Washington, DC; Mark SPEAKERS Washington University School of Medicine, St. Overshadowed by Oil: Reaching Out to Perspective Framework Program Doyle, NSF, Arlington, VA Chris Llewellyn Smith, University of Oxford, Louis, MO Developing Countries in the Organization of Atsushi Sunami, National Graduate Institute United Kingdom the Islamic Conference Networks, Collaboration, and Research for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan Global Approaches to Global Problems Magdi Yacoub, Imperial College London, SPEAKERS SPEAKERS in a Non-Western Context: The Role of Toward the Creation of an Asian Research *Vaughan Turekian, AAAS Center for Science United Kingdom Alex Dehgan, USAID, Washington, DC David A. Relman, Stanford University, Palo Technology Area: The Initial Step Diplomacy, Washington, DC A Country in Focus: Egypt’s Decade of USAID and NSF: Partnerships in Science for Alto, CA The Changing Balance of Power in Global Science Saturday, 19 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Joining Global Efforts in Post-Disaster Development Perturbation of the Human Microbiome: Robynn K. Strum, Office of Science and Science: A U.S. Perspective Unrest at Home Organized by: B. Paige Miller, University of Recovery and Reconstruction Technology Policy, Washington, DC Mohamed H. Hassan, Third World Academy of Jeffrey I. Gordon, Washington University Cross-Border Responses to Global Wisconsin, River Falls; Ricardo B. Duque, Sunday, 20 February 8:00AM-9:30AM New Approaches to International Sciences, Trieste, Italy School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO Challenges: Can Everybody Win? University of Vienna, Austria Solving Global Challenges Through Organized by: Delilah Al Khudhairy, European Development Through the USG Dining in with Trillions of Friends: Our Gut Friday, 18 February 1:00PM-2:30PM Akira Nakanishi, Japan Science and Scientific Collaboration Microbiome and Nutritional Status SPEAKERS Commission, JRC Institute for the Protection Organized by: David Wilkinson, and Geraldine Technology Agency, Tokyo *Jeremy K. Nicholson, Imperial College B. Paige Miller, University of Wisconsin, River and Security of the Citizen, Ispra, Italy; Barry, European Commission, JRC, Brussels, Science and Technology Partnerships for London, United Kingdom Falls Geraldine Barry, European Commission, JRC, Belgium Brussels, Belgium Sustainable Development: Messages from Human Biology and Health Human Metabolism from a Microbial Gendered Networks and Technology Use: Japan Perspective Examining Female Researchers Careers Over Peter H. Diamandis, X PRIZE Foundation, Playa Evolutionary Personalized Medicine SPEAKERS Time SPEAKERS Vista, CA Epigenetic Processes in Development: Friday, 18 February 8:00AM-9:30AM William B. Bonvillian, Massachusetts Institute Marcus A. Ynalvez, Texas A&M International Stuart Gill, The World Bank, Washington, DC Prizes and Promise for International Gene-Environment Interplay of Technology, Washington, DC University, Laredo The Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Development Organized by: Turkan K. Gardenier, Pragmatica The Challenge of Pioneering Knowledge Networks, Collaboration, and Productivity Process: Model, Tools, and Rob Horsch, Bill and Melinda Gates Corp., Vienna, VA Friday, 18 February 1:30PM-4:30PM David Wilkinson, European Commission, JRC, in Resource-Rich Research Institutions in a Recommendations Foundation, Seattle, WA Organized by: Stephen J. Suomi, NIH, Brussels, Belgium Non-Western Context Francesco Pisano, United Nations Institute for Foundations and Government: New SPEAKERS Bethesda, MD; Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Columbia The Challenge of Formulating and Feeding Wesley M. Shrum, Louisiana State University, Training and Research, Geneva, Switzerland Partners in Development Sholom Wacholder, NIH, Bethesda, MD University, New York City Scientific Advice into International Policy- Baton Rouge The Role of Geospatial Information in Post- Dan Cherian, Nike, Beaverton, OR Making Lessons Learned from Genetic and Mobile Knowledge: Does the Impact of Cell Crisis Damage Assessment Nike Launch: Using S&T To Redefine How Epidemiologic Studies of Cancer Martin Schuurmans, European Institute SPEAKERS Phones Depend on Development? Delilah Al Khudhairy, European Commission, We Do Business in the Developing World Knut M. Wittkowski, Rockefeller University, of Innovation and Technology, Budapest, JRC Institute for the Protection and Security of Steven Cole, University of California, Los New York City Angeles Hungary Research Integrity in the Global the Citizen, Ispra, Italy The Practice of Science Diplomacy in The Challenge of Stimulating World-Leading μGWAS on a Grid Enabling Small Sample Social Regulation of Human and Nonhuman Perspective Technological Advances and Challenges Screening for Common Complex Conditions Innovations for Operational Post-Disaster Damage the Earth Sciences Primate Gene Expression Saturday, 19 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Assessment Alan Shuldiner, University of Maryland, Stephen J. Suomi, NIH, Bethesda, MD 78 Sunday, 20 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Baltimore 79 International Territory: Science at Sea, Organized by: Melissa S. Anderson, University Risk, Resilience, and Gene-Environment Bridging Nations and Fields: East Organized by: Thomas J. Casadevall, USGS, Directing the Course of Treatment with Interplay in Primates Science in Space, and Science at the of Minnesota, Minneapolis Denver, CO; Ester Sztein, The National Pharmacogenomics Asian Approaches to Science and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Columbia University, Poles Academies, Washington, DC; Melody Brown New York City SPEAKERS Technology Policy Friday, 18 February 3:00PM-4:30PM Burkins, University of Vermont, Burlington Global Health Care: Advances and Gene-Environment Interplay in a Family and Nicholas H. Steneck, University of Michigan, Organized by: Charna Meth, Consortium for Sunday, 20 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Challenges Neighborhood Context Ann Arbor SPEAKERS W. Thomas Boyce, University of British Ocean Leadership, Washington, DC; Susan Organized by: Asuka Hoshikoshi, National Friday, 18 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Research Integrity as a Global Concern Eric Calais, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Humphris, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute of Science and Technology Policy Wei Yang, Zhejiang University, Hangxhou, China IN Organized by: Metin Akay, University of Early Experience, the Brain, and Human Institution, MA (NISTEP), Tokyo, Japan Integrity in Chinese–U.S. Collaborative The January 12, 2010, Haiti Earthquake: A Houston, TX Development: The HELP Project Science Science Diplomacy Opportunity SPEAKERS Carthage Smith, International Council for SPEAKERS Julie L. Kunen, U.S. Agency for International SPEAKERS Reducing the Cost of Health Care Elizabeth Screaton, University of Florida, Science, Paris, France Suk Joon Kim, Science and Technology Policy Development (USAID), Washington, DC *Jeanne Shaheen, U.S. Senate, Washington, Through Science and Engineering Gainesville The Role of the International Council for Institute, Seoul, South Korea Science Diplomacy for Development at DC Science at Sea: Twenty-Four Countries Science in Promoting Research Integrity S&T Cooperation for Global Green Growth: USAID Smart Global Health-Care Policy Friday, 18 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Exploring the Subseafloor Issues and Initiatives Ren Yi, University of Southern Queensland, Jeff L. Doebrich, USGS, Reston, VA Susan Blumenthal, Georgetown School of Organized by: Raphael C. Lee, University Sunita L. Williams, NASA Johnson Space Toowoomba, Australia June Seung Lee, Korea Institute of Science and Science in Support of Economic Medicine, Washington, DC of Chicago, IL; Anice Anderson, Private Center, Houston, TX Technology Evaluation and Planning, Seoul Government and Institutional Policies on Development and Stabilization in Iraq and Global Health Challenges and Opportunities Consultant, Terre Haute, IN Science in Space: Five Agencies Operating Korea’s S&T Knowledge-Sharing Activities Research Integrity: Australian Perspective Afghanistan Jon Skinner, Dartmouth Institute for Health in Zero Gravity with Developing Countries Melissa S. Anderson, University of Minnesota, Pedro Sánchez, The Earth Institute at Policy and Clinical Practice, Hanover, NH SPEAKERS George Watters, NOAA Fisheries Service, La Minneapolis Rongping Mu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, NY Global Health-Care Productivity Tomas J. Philipson, University of Chicago, IL Jolla, CA Empirical Evidence on Integrity in Beijing Soil Science–Based Policies Reducing World Felix Frueh, Medco Health Solutions, The Impact of Technology and Innovation Science at the Poles: Twenty-Five Countries International Research Collaborations Innovation as a Social Process: New Hunger in Tune with the Environment Bethesda, MD on U.S. Health-Care Cost Protecting Living Resources Framework of Innovation Policy in China John S. Pallister, USGS Cascades Volcano A Real-World Perspective on Francis Collins, NIH, Bethesda, MD Foreign Participation in National Kumi Okuwada, NISTEP, Tokyo, Japan Observatory, Vancouver, WA Pharmacogenetics in Clinical Practice The Trend Toward Personalized Medicine Europe, Africa, and Asia: Rising on the A New Foresight Breaking Up the Borders Technology Development Programs Volcano Science Diplomacy John T. McDevitt, Rice University, Houston, TX and Its Economic Impact Same Tide Terutaka Kuwahara, NISTEP, Tokyo, Japan Saturday, 19 February 3:00PM-4:30PM Jonathan T. Overpeck, University of Arizona, A Point-of-Care Test To Assess CD4 Counts William A. Hawkins, Medtronic Inc., Saturday, 19 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Issues and Challenges of the Japanese S&T Tucson in the Developing World Minneapolis, MN Organized by: Christopher Hill, George Mason Policy in the Next Decade The IPCC, International Science Diplomacy, Jay H. Sanders, Global Telemedicine Group, Organized by: Geraldine Barry, European University, Arlington, VA; George R. Heaton Advanced Medical Technologies Improve and the Challenge of Climate Change McLean, VA Quality of and Prolong Life Commission, JRC, Brussels, Belgium Jr., Technology Policy International, Newton Global Telemedicine and Local Health Care: David O. Meltzer, University of Chicago, IL Center, MA; David Cheney, SRI International, Advances and Challenges Arlington, VA Balancing the Effectiveness and Costs of

22 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | 17–21 February 2011 | Washington, D.C. *Invited, not yet confirmed.

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Appendix Drugs and Devices Management of Asthma Mark Urata, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles Interfering with Gene Expression and Dale Haidvogel, Rutgers University, New Drew L. Kershen, University of Oklahoma, Joseph V. Bonventre, Harvard-MIT Health *Margaret Bentley, University of North Treatment of Oral Clefts Interfering with Disease Brunswick, NJ Norman Science and Technology Division, Boston, MA Carolina, Chapel Hill Making Sense of Variability and Change in The Present Regulatory Systems, Their Training of Physician-Scientists Adept with Improving Growth and Development Under Oral Sex Is Sex and Can Lead to Cancer Monday, 21 February 9:45AM-12:45PM Oceans: Lessons from U.S. GLOBEC Complexity, and Costs Advanced Technology Conditions of Under or Overnutrition Heather Tallis, Stanford University, CA Hector Quemada, Donald Danforth Plant Sunday, 20 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Organized by: Judy Lieberman, Harvard Marcia Inhorn, Yale University, New Haven, CT Medical School, Boston, MA Ecosystem Services for the Future: A Science Center, St. Louis, MO Medicine Safety in a World of Science Assisted Reproduction, Islamic Bioethics, Organized by: Margarita Zeichner-David, Marriage of Biophysical and Social Challenges in the Development of University of Southern California, Los Angeles Without Borders and Middle Eastern Technosc SPEAKERS Variability Transgenic Crops by the Public Sector Meg Caldwell, Stanford University, CA Alan McHughen, University of California, Saturday, 19 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Robert Darnell, Rockefeller University, New Diseases Without Borders: TB and SPEAKERS York City An Ocean Policy Triple Play? Flexible Riverside Organized by: William T. Beck, University of AIDS Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, University of Identifying microRNA-Regulated Genes Governance, Certainty, and Ecosystem Whither “Orphan” GM Specialty and Small Illinois, Chicago; Guill Wientjes, Ohio State California, San Francisco Protection Market Crops? Saturday, 19 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Klaus Rajewsky, Harvard Medical School, University, Columbus Adolescents and Oral Sex: Is It Really Boston, MA Donald F. Boesch, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge Norman Borlaug’s Impact on World Organized by: Anne E. Goldfeld, Harvard Something To Worry About? microRNAs that Regulate the Immune SPEAKERS Medical School, Boston, MA Maura L. Gillison, Ohio State University, Response Expecting the Unexpected: An Adaptive Agriculture: Will There Be a Second Vision for Marine Spatial Planning Zachary Shriver, Harvard–Massachusetts Columbus Paloma Giangrande, University of Iowa Health Green Revolution? Institute of Technology, Cambridge SPEAKERS Oral Sex and Risk for Oral HPV Infection and Care, Iowa City 2050: Will There Be Fish in the Ocean? Friday, 18 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Structural and Biological Aspects of Heparin Anne Goldfeld, Harvard Medical School, Boston Oropharyngeal Cancer Aptamer-siRNA Chimeras for Targeting Impurities and Contaminants Science Across Borders and Access to TB Diane Harper, University of Missouri, Kansas Prostate Cancer Friday, 18 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Organized by: Edward Runge, Texas A&M Robert Linhardt, Rensselaer Polytechnic and AIDS Care in Africa and Asia City University, College Station; Ronald L. Phillips, Judy Lieberman, Harvard Medical School, Organized by: Villy Christensen, University of Institute, Troy, NY Gail Cassell, Eli Lilly and Company, HPV: What New Places Does It Live, What University of Minnesota, St. Paul Boston, MA British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Heparin and Other Polydisperse Drugs: How Indianapolis, IN New Diseases Does It Cause? Interfering with Sexually Transmitted To Monitor Their Safety Drug-Resistant TB: A Disease with No Infection SPEAKERS SPEAKERS Ali Al-Hakim, U.S. Food and Drug Borders One Health: From Ideas to John Maraganore, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Ronald L. Phillips, University of Minnesota, St. Administration, Silver Spring, MD Beatrice Hahn, University of Alabama, Implementation, Rhetoric to Reality Cambridge, MA Reg Watson, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Paul Impact of Heparin Crisis on Public Birmingham Australia Sunday, 20 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Interfering with Disease Norman Borlaug and the Future of the Standards and Regulatory Process Crossing the Species Barrier: Origin of Making Fishing Effort in the World Ocean Green Revolution Human AIDS and Malaria in Wild-Living Organized by: Barbara Hyde, American Society Sustainable: Lessons from Historic Trends Peter Langridge, University of Adelaide, Personalized Medicine: Moving Apes for Microbiology, Washington, DC Land and Oceans Villy Christensen, University of British Australia Forward or Backward? Stefan H.E. Kaufmann, Max Planck Institute for Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Science Needed To Feed 9.5 Billion People, Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany SPEAKERS Biomass of Fish in the World Ocean, 1950– Sustainably and with Reduced Inputs Saturday, 19 February 10:00AM-11:30AM From Practice to Theory and Back: 2050: A Century of Decline? Biomarkers and Vaccines Across Borders Stanley Maloy, San Diego State University, CA Ecosystem Services and Marine Usha Barwale-Zehr, Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Organized by: Jennie C. Hunter-Cevera, RTI Overview of One Health: People, Animals, Jacqueline Alder, United Nations Environment Company Limited, Jalna, India International, Research Triangle Park, SC; Humans Without Borders: Evolutionary and the Environment Spatial Planning Program, Nairobi, Kenya Educating Farmers, the Public, and Policy- Anice Anderson, Private Consultant, Terre Processes at Work In Humans and Tracey S. McNamara, Western University of Friday, 18 February 8:00AM-9:30AM The Oceans in 2050: Marine Biodiversity Makers Haute, IN Health Medicine, Pomona, CA Outlook After CBD 2010 Mark W. Rosegrant, International Food Policy Their Relatives Organized by: Anne Guerry, Stanford Siwa Msangi, International Food Policy The Role of Animal Surveillance in Detecting University, CA; Mary Ruckelshaus, NOAA Research Institute, Washington, DC Sunday, 20 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Emerging Infectious Diseases Research Institute, Washington, DC SPEAKERS Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Trade-Offs and a Food Production Road Susan Sumner, RTI International, Research Organized by: James J. Smith, Michigan State Stephen S. Morse, Columbia University, New Fish to 2030: Meeting the Steadily Map for 2050 80 WA; Paul Sandifer, NOAA, Washington, DC Increasing Demand for Fish 81 Triangle Park, NC University, East Lansing; Robin Smith, National York City Personalized Medicine Studies in Obesity Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, NC Global Monitoring of Emerging Infectious Henrik Österblom, Stockholm Resilience Marine Spatial Planning: A Science- SPEAKERS Center, Stockholm, Sweden Karen E. Nelson, J. Craig Venter Institute, Diseases: Predicting Outbreaks by Based Tool for Conservation and the Rockville, MD Monitoring Paul Sandifer, NOAA, Washington, DC Emerging Global Social Networks To SPEAKERS Where the Rubber Meets the Road: Using Counter the Fisheries Crisis Economy The Human Microbiome Greg Wray, Duke University, Durham, NC Larry Madoff, Massachusetts Department of Health, Boston Ecosystem Services in Marine Decision- Rashid Sumaila, University of British Saturday, 19 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Michael Amos, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD Evolution of Malaria Resistance in Baboons: Making Columbia, Vancouver, Canada One Health in Action: Monitoring Emerging Organized by: Elliott A. Norse, Marine Measurement Science: A Key to Reducing Hope for Humans? Mary Ruckelshaus, NOAA Northwest Fisheries Disease Threats on the Internet How Can Economic Policies Help Avoid Conservation Biology Institute, Bellevue, WA the Cost and Improving the Quality of Nina Jablonski, Pennsylvania State University, Science Center, Seattle, WA Future Collapses in the World Fisheries? Health Care in the 21st Century University Park The Surprising Influenza H1N1 The Blueprint: Building Ecosystem Services Human Skin Pigmentation as an Example of into Marine Spatial Planning GM Crop Regulations: Safety Net or SPEAKERS Anthropology and Global Health: the Action of Natural Selection Pandemic, Waves I and II: The Race to Alan Thornhill, U.S. Department of the Vaccinate Anne Guerry, Stanford University, CA Insurmountable Obstacle? Genes, Biology, and Culture Sarah Tishkoff, University of Pennsylvania, Getting Under the Hood: Models for Sound Interior, and Sally Yozell, U.S. Department of Philadelphia Friday, 18 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Commerce, Washington, DC Saturday, 19 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Sunday, 20 February 3:00PM-4:30PM Science and Effective Decision-Making Evolution of Lactose Tolerance in Human Organized by: Donald P. Weeks, University of U.S. Implementation of Ecosystem-Based Organized by: Cynthia M. Beall, Case Western Organized by: M. Elizabeth Halloran, Populations in Africa Beyond Lines on Maps: Marine Spatial Nebraska, Lincoln; Wayne Parrott, University Marine Spatial Planning Reserve University, Cleveland, OH University of Washington, Seattle Planning for a Dynamic World of Georgia, Athens; Alan McHughen, University Lance Morgan, Marine Conservation Biology Oral Clefts: Equal Opportunity of California, Riverside Institute, Glen Ellen, CA SPEAKERS Disorders SPEAKERS Friday, 18 February 8:30AM-11:30AM A Biogeographic/Ecosystem Framework for Anna Di Rienzo, University of Chicago, IL Ira M. Longini Jr., University of Washington, Marine Spatial Planning Organized by: Karen L. McLeod, Oregon SPEAKERS Adaptation to Climate and Susceptibility Sunday, 20 February 1:00PM-2:30PM Seattle Charles Wahle, NOAA, Monterey, CA State University, Corvallis; Donald F. Nina Fedoroff, Pennsylvania State University, Genes for Diseases of Global Significance Organized by: Margarita Zeichner-David, View from Science and Modeling Understanding Ocean Uses: The Heart of Boesch, University of Maryland Center for University Park *Peter Zimmerman, Case Western Reserve University of Southern California, Los Angeles Robin A. Robinson, U.S. Department of Health Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning Environmental Science, Cambridge Why We Need To Craft Science-Based University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH and Human Services, Washington, DC John Annala, Gulf of Maine Research Institute, Regulations for GM Crops and Animals in View from Making Policy Portland, ME Susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax Malaria: SPEAKERS SPEAKERS the United States New Perspectives from Madagascar Impacts of Marine Spatial Planning on Terry Beaty, John Hopkins Bloomberg School Richard Knox, National Public Radio, Roger Beachy, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Heather Leslie, Brown University, Providence, RI Commercial and Recreational Fisheries Kathleen Barnes, Johns Hopkins School of of Public Health, Baltimore, MD Washington, DC Washington, DC Medicine, Baltimore, MD New Insights for Marine Spatial Planning Sarah Carr, NatureServe, Arlington, VA Oral Clefts: Moving from Genome-Wide View from the Reporter: Compiling and Through the Lens of Ecological Resilience The Success and Safety of Transgenic Crops The Hygiene Hypothesis and Vulnerability Studies Toward Functional Genomics Telling the Story and Foods Analytical Tools for Visualizing Geographic to Asthma Margaret Anne McManus, University of Hawaii Data and Generating Zoning Scenarios Mary Marazita, University of Pittsburgh, PA of Manoa, Honolulu Kent Bradford, University of California, Davis David Van Sickle, University of Wisconsin, Steven Gaines, University of California, Santa Insights into the Genetics and Phenotypes The Promise of Safe, Nutritious, and More Madison Climate, Currents, and Connectivity: The Barbara of Cleft Lip and Palate from International Dynamics of Larval Dispersal Enjoyable Foods From Transgenic Plants Cultural Variation in Diagnosis and Collaboration

24 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | 17–21 February 2011 | Washington, D.C. *Invited, not yet confirmed.

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Appendix Maximizing Ecosystem and Economic The New Biology: Agriculture’s Role in SPEAKERS SPEAKERS Solving the Weight of Evidence Managing Intellectual Property Rights in Resilience in a Variable and Changing World Meeting Societal Grand Challenges Sue Ranger, Marine Conservation Society, Patrick J. Clemins, AAAS Science and Policy Problem: A Way Forward? International Scientific Collaboration Steve E. Koonin, U.S. Department of Energy, Ross on Wye, United Kingdom Programs, Washington, DC Iain Gillespie, Organization for Economic Plant Breeding Today: Genomics and Washington, DC Foundations for Management of a Marine R&D Investment in the FY 2012 Budget Friday, 18 February 3:00PM-4:30PM Cooperation and Development, Paris, France Computing Advances Bring Speed and Role of DOE-NIFA Collaborations in Turtle Fishery in the Turks and Caicos Request: A Preliminary Analysis Organized by: Heather E. Douglas, University Do We Need New Global Scientific Precision Achieving Renewable Bioenergy Goals Islands Kei Koizumi, Office of Science and Technology of Tennessee, Knoxville Mechanisms To Respond to Global Nicholas Kalaitzandonakes, University of Morgan Gopnik, Duke University Marine Policy, Executive Office of the President, Challenges? Saturday, 19 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Missouri, Columbia Laboratory, Beaufort, NC Washington, DC SPEAKERS The Digitization of Science: Organized by: Ian Graham and Elspeth Bartlet, Fostering Rural Prosperity and Ensuring Don’t Leave Marine Spatial Planning to the Perspectives from the Obama Jacob Stegenga, University of California, La University of York, United Kingdom Environmental Sustainability Experts Administration Jolla Reproducibility and Interdisciplinary Xavier Basurto, Duke University Marine *Dahlia Sokolov, U.S. House Committee on The Subjectivity of Meta-Analysis in Practice Knowledge Transfer SPEAKERS Global Agricultural History: Mapping Laboratory, Beaufort, NC Science and Technology, Washington, DC Lorenz Rhomberg, Gradient Corp., Cambridge, Saturday, 19 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Ian Graham, University of York, United Kingdom the Past for Modeling the Future Taking Human Institutions Seriously in the Perspectives from Congress MA Study of Coastal Social-Ecological Systems *Howard Gobstein, Association of Public and Organized by: Victoria C. Stodden, Columbia Molecular Approaches Speed Up Plant Sunday, 20 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Weight of Evidence Frameworks in Breeding of Medical and Developing Leila Sievanen, Center for Environmental Land-grant Universities, Washington, DC the Regulatory Context: A Conceptual University, New York City Country Crops Organized by: William E. Doolittle, University Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI Perspectives from Academia Comparison Edward S. Buckler, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY of Texas, Austin; Mats Widgren, Stockholm Including Humans: Placing People in *Jere Glover, Small Business Technology Heather E. Douglas, University of Tennessee, SPEAKERS Marine Ecosystem–Based Management Dissecting the Genetics of Complex University, Sweden Council, Washington, DC Knoxville Keith A. Baggerly, University of Texas M.D. Agronomic Traits for Crop Improvement Betsy Beymer, University of Illinois, Urbana Perspectives from Small Business Explanations, Predictions, and Weight Anderson Cancer Center, Houston *Susan Rotherford McCouch, Cornell SPEAKERS Desirable States: The Politics of Resilience *Manfred Horvat, Vienna University of of Evidence: Rigor with a Qualitative The Importance of Reproducibility in High- University, Ithaca, NY William E. Doolittle, University of Texas, Austin Thinking Technology, Austria Approach? Throughput Biology: Case Studies Discovery of Genes for Crop Improvement Farming on and Transformation of Turtle Kevin St. Martin, Rutgers University, Perspectives from the International Victoria C. Stodden, Columbia University, New from Wild Ancestor Plants Island, Native North America Piscataway, NJ Community Publication Without Borders: York City William I. Woods, University of Kansas, Enacting Human Dimensions of Marine Spanning Countries, Disciplines, Policies for Scientific Integrity and Ecosystem-Based Management in Maine Global and Local Responses to the Lawrence Measurements as a Cornerstone of Audiences, and Roles Reproducibility: Data and Code Sharing Nitrogen Challenge: Science, Practice, Agriculture on the Hollow Continent, South and Norway Global Trade and Quality of Life Fernando Perez, University of California, America AD 1000–1800 Saturday, 19 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Berkeley and Policy Fishing for Solutions: Community Friday, 18 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Mats Widgren, Stockholm University, Sweden Organized by: Barbara Gastel, Texas A&M Reproducible Software versus Reproducible Saturday, 19 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Mapping Pre-Colonial African Agricultural Institutions for Effective Resource Organized by: David Anderson, European University, College Station Research Organized by: Todd S. Rosenstock and Thomas Systems Management Commission, JRC Institute for Reference Robert Gentleman, Genentech Inc., South San Janken Myrdal, Swedish University of Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium; Francisco, CA P. Tomich, University of California, Davis Monday, 21 February 9:45AM-12:45PM SPEAKERS Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala Geraldine Barry, European Commission, JRC, Strategies for Reproducible Research Organized by: Astrid J. Scholz, Ecotrust, Brussels, Belgium Deborah L. Partain, Texas A&M University, SPEAKERS Agricultural Systems of Eurasia AD 1000, College Station David Donoho, Stanford University, CA 1500, 1800 Portland, OR Walter V. Reid, David and Lucile Packard From Ship to Shore: Publication Support in An Invitation to Reproducible Foundation, Los Altos, CA Ulf Jonsson, Stockholm University, Sweden SPEAKERS the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Computational Research SPEAKERS Bridging the Nitrogen Science and Policy The Great Leap Forward: Changing Flows Christine M. Pfeiffer, Centers for Disease Banalata Sen, National Institute of Mark Liberman, University of Pennsylvania, Divide and Commercial Patterns of Land Use Seth Macinko, University of Rhode Island, Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA Environmental Health Sciences, Research Philadelphia Kingston Cheryl A. Palm, Earth Institute, Palisades, NY Nutrition: Obtaining Reliable Data To Study Triangle Park, NC Lessons for Reproducible Science from the Invasive Species: What Harm Do They The Political Economy of Fisheries the Health Status of the U.S. Population 82 Nitrogen, Development, and Sustainability: Environmental Health Perspectives: An DARPA Speech and Language Program 83 Management in the United States Trade-Offs Between Too Little and Too Much Do? Hun Young So, Korean Research Institute of Interdisciplinary Journal Reaches Out Bonnie McCay, Department of Human Ecology, Standards and Science, Yuseong Daejon Alan R. Townsend, University of Colorado, Sara Gwynn, International Network for the Crisis Averted? How a Critical Sunday, 20 February 8:30AM-11:30AM New Brunswick, NJ Boulder Data for Environmental Monitoring and Availability of Scientific Publications, Oxford, Shortage in Helium-3 Was Good and Organized by: Peter Alpert, Invasive Species The Human Dimension of Fisheries: People, Protection: Who Can You Trust? Catch 22: The Nitrogen Cycle and Human United Kingdom Bad for Science Advisory Committee, Amherst, MA Places, and Their Adaptive Responses Welfare Hendrik Emons, European Commission, The Journals Online Projects: Adding Rashid Sumaila, University of British JRC Institute for Reference Materials and Saturday, 19 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Thomas P. Tomich, University of California, Visibility to Developing-Country Research Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Measurements, Geel, Belgium Davis SPEAKERS Organized by: Benn Tannenbaum, AAAS A Cautionary Note on Individual Challenges for Reliable Measurements A Framework for Action: Lessons from the Carla D’Antonio, University of California, Santa As Borders Dissolve, Which Standards Center for Science, Technology, and Security Transferable Quotas Across the Boundaries Physics-Chemistry- California Nitrogen Assessment Barbara and Mechanisms Prevail? Policy, Washington, DC J. Marty Anderies, Arizona State University, Biology Cliff Snyder, International Plant Nutrition Earth, Water, and Fire: Effects of Invasive Tempe, AZ Saturday, 19 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Institute, Conway, AZ Species on Ecological Processes SPEAKERS Design Principles for Robust Fisheries Networks and Culture of Scientific and Nitrogen Stewardship: Balancing Susan Williams, University of California, Organized by: Mary Kavanagh, European Julie Bentz, National Security Staff, Executive Governance Systems Crop Production Management and Bodega Bay Technological Communities in Global Commission, Directorate-General for Research, Office of the President, Washington, DC Environmental Protection From Sea to Sea: Effects of Invasive Species John O. Ledyard, California Institute of Policy Brussels, Belgium Crisis Management: How the U.S. in Marine Systems Technology, Pasadena, CA Friday, 18 February 1:00PM-2:30PM Government Responded to the Shortage A New Vision for Research: Goals for Mark Davis, Macalester College, St. Paul Design Matters: Applied Approaches to SPEAKERS Gregory Slovik, U.S. Department of Homeland Creating Effective Fisheries Management Invasive Species: The Importance of Organized by: Darryl Farber and Denis F. Simon, John Wood, Association of Commonwealth Security, Washington, DC the National Institute of Food and Systems Distinguishing Harm from Change Pennsylvania State University, University Park Universities, London, United Kingdom Crisis as Opportunity: Why a Shortage of Agriculture Astrid J. Scholz, Ecotrust, Portland, OR Jason Shogren, University of Wyoming, As Borders Dissolve, Which Standards He-3 Led to New Science Sunday, 20 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Laramie Communities and Catch Shares: Results SPEAKERS Prevail? Valerie LaTraverse, Embassy of Canada, from an Interdisciplinary Analysis Organized by: Roger Beachy, U.S. Department Valuing Invasive Species Control Caroline Wagner, Pennsylvania State Wouter Los, University of Amsterdam, Washington, DC of Agriculture, Washington, DC; Brian A. David M. Lodge, University of Notre Dame, IN University, University Park Netherlands Crisis Consequences: International Impact Larkins, University of Arizona, Tucson Science Informing Policy: Risk Assessment The New Invisible College: Science as Social Virtual Research Environments: Dealing of the He-3 Shortage for Invasive Species The Science Endeavor Network with Other People’s Samples and Data Denis F. Simon, Pennsylvania State University, SPEAKERS Raymond Orbach, University of Texas, Austin Design Thinking To Mobilize Science, Lost at Sea: Where Are the Humans in Perspectives on Research and University Park Roger Beachy, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ethical Issues in Global Science Technology, and Innovation for Social The Evolving Fabric of Innovation in China: Washington, DC Marine Ecosystem Management? Development in the President’s FY Linda Miller, New York University Langone Challenges Creativity, Communities, and Complexities Restructuring Research To Meet Agricultural 2012 Budget Request Medical Center, New York City Sunday, 20 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Judi Wakhungu, African Center for Technology Sunday, 20 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Needs The Role of Peer Review in the Governance Organized by: Rebecca Gruby, Morgan Gopnik, Friday, 18 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Studies, Nairobi, Kenya Keith Yamamoto, University of California, San of Science Organized by: Yoko Nitta, Tateo Arimoto, S&T Policy Networks and Human Well-Being Francisco and Larry Crowder, Duke University Marine Organized by: Patrick J. Clemins, AAAS Science Yukimo Hamano, World Intellectual Property and Suguru Ishiguro, Japan Science and Laboratory, Beaufort, NC and Policy Programs, Washington, DC in Africa Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Technology Agency, Tokyo

26 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | 17–21 February 2011 | Washington, D.C. *Invited, not yet confirmed.

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Appendix SPEAKERS Looking for the Future in the Past: Long- James McCarthy, Harvard University, Improving the Public Distribution of Koichi Kitazawa, Japan Science and Organized by: Cristine Russell, Harvard Laura Bunt, National Endowment for Science, Term Change in Socioecological Systems Cambridge, MA Essential Drugs in Africa: The Case of Technology Agency, Tokyo Kennedy School, Cambridge, MA Technology, and Arts, London, England The Scientists and Evangelicals Initiative: Zambia How, When, and Where Should We Discuss Mass Localism: A Way To Help Small Reaching a Global Standard in Partnering to Protect the Environment David Sarley, John Snow Inc., Arlington, VA Green Issues? SPEAKERS Communities Solve Big Social Challenges Research Integrity William Newsome, Stanford University School Improving the Equity and Access to Bryan Walsh, Time Magazine, New York City Masayuki Horio, Japan Science and of Medicine, CA Essential Health Through Optimization Earth Science and Evolution Technology Agency, Tokyo Monday, 21 February 9:45AM-12:45PM Neuroscience and Evangelical Christianity: Are Journalists Up to the Task of Covering Modeling Green Technologies? Tackling Climate Change Through Organized by: Chloe Kembery and Vanessa Anticipating and Alleviating Concerns Saturday, 19 February 1:00PM-2:30PM Eli Kintisch, AAAS/Science, Washington, DC Multidisciplinary Research Underpinning Campo-Ruiz, European Science Foundation, Organized by: Jere H. Lipps, University of Communicating Diversity in Science: Hacking the Planet: How The Media Cover Community-Based Action Strasbourg, France Science Without Borders and Media Implications for Climate Change Denial California, Berkeley Julia Lane, NSF, Arlington, VA Unbounded: What Comes Next? Geoengineering *David Dickson, SciDev.net, London, United Science of Science Assessment SPEAKERS Saturday, 19 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Friday, 18 February 10:00AM-11:30AM SPEAKERS Kingdom Robby Berloznik, Institute Society and Harriet Wallberg-Henriksson, Karolinska Organized by: Prajwal Kulkarni, U.S. Samuel Bowring, Massachusetts Institute of International Perspectives on Media Technology, Brussels, Belgium Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Organized by: Bud Ward, Yale Forum on Environmental Protection Agency, Technology, Cambridge Coverage of Energy Technologies Governance in Science and Technology: Prevention and Treatment: Putting a Policy Climate Change and the Media, White Stone, Washington, DC Geochronology and Evolution VA Citizens’ Engagement for Social Innovation into Action Brian R. Pratt, University of Saskatchewan, Innovative Strategies for Ensuring Felix Oldenburg, Ashoka Deutschland gGmbH, Karabi Acharya, Ashoka, Systematic Change to Achieve Ovid Tzeng, University System of Taiwan, Taipei SPEAKERS Saskatoon, Canada Access to the Benefits of Scientific MunchenEnvironmental Impact: Examples of Ashoka Fellows Global Insights: Experiences of Research SPEAKERS Thomas Lessl, University of Georgia, Athens Paleoenvironments and Evolution Progress Connecting 2,500 Social Entrepreneurs in 70 Integrity from Asia Tom Rosensteil, Project for Excellence in Reforming Scientific Communication About Jere H. Lipps, University of California, Berkeley Countries To Achieve Collaborative Impact John Galland, U.S. Department of Health and Journalism, Washington, DC Anthropogenic Climate Change Geology and Evolution: Partners in Science Sunday, 20 February 1:00PM-2:30PM Human Services, Rockville, MD The Quickly Changing State of the News Naomi Oreskes, University of California, San Organized by: Jessica M. Wyndham, AAAS It Is Unethical Not to Do Research with National Implementation of Research Media Diego TV Meteorologists Communicating Science and Human Rights Program, Animals Integrity: Good Research Practice Education Seth Borenstein, Associated Press, Of Mavericks and Mules Climate Change *Ragnvald Kalleberg, University of Oslo, Norway Washington, DC Washington, DC; Joseph G. Perpich, JG Sunday, 20 February 3:00PM-4:30PM Gavin Schmidt, NASA Goddard Institute for Perpich, Bethesda, MD Hitting the Headlines: Research Integrity Reporting on Climate Change for a Wire Space Studies, New York City Saturday, 19 February 3:00PM-4:30PM Organized by: Stuart Zola, Emory University, Scandals Shaping Legislation Service Between Sound Bites and the Scientific Organized by: Katherine E. Rowan, George Atlanta, GA SPEAKERS Lars Feld, University of Heidelberg, Germany Elizabeth Shogren, National Public Radio, Paper: Communicating in the Hinterland Mason University, Fairfax, VA Proving Fraud in Science: Seeking Evidence- Washington, DC James Love, Knowledge Ecology International, SPEAKERS Covering Climate Science and Climate Washington, DC Based Research Integrity Policy Surprise … It’s Science! Reaching New SPEAKERS Stuart Zola, Emory University, Atlanta, GA Controversies for National Public Radio Patent Pools to Prize Funds: Innovation Ulrike Beisiegel, German Research Audiences in Unconventional Ways Edward W. Maibach, George Mason University, Historical Examples Foundation, Bonn Incentives Address Needs of the Earthwatch and the HSBC Climate with Festivals Fairfax, VA Marginalized John Vandeberg, Southwest National Primate The Conciliatory Approach: Mediation and Hey Mr. Weatherman, Is This [insert unusual Research Center, San Antonio, TX the Role of the Ombudsman Partnership: A Unique Citizen Science Saturday, 19 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Carol Mimura, University of California, weather event here] Related to Global Berkeley The Current State Model Organized by: Jan Riise, European Science Warming? Zachary Johnson, University of Nevada, Reno Humanitarian Rights Clauses and Friday, 18 February 1:00PM-2:30PM Events Association, Onsala, Sweden; Ben Kris Wilson, University of Texas, Austin Innovation The Future Science and Society Wiehe, MIT Museum, Cambridge How TV News Directors View Climate Christin Lis, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA Organized by: Kristen Kusek, Earthwatch Change and Their Weathercasters Modeling Across Millennia: Communication Outside the Box Institute, Boston, MA Private Sector Initiatives Serving the SPEAKERS Katherine E. Rowan, George Mason University, Developing World: The Gilead Model 84 Interdisciplinary Paths to Ancient Friday, 18 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Loren Thompson, University of California, La Fairfax, VA 85 Socionatural Systems SPEAKERS Best Practices of TV Meteorologists Organized by: Michel Claessens, European Jolla Astronomical Pioneering: The Dan Bebber, Earthwatch Institute, Oxford, Celebrate for the Week, Energize for the Year Communicating Climate Change Sunday, 20 February 3:00PM-4:30PM Commission, Brussels, Belgium; David United Kingdom Implications of Finding Other Worlds Bennett, Delft University of Technology, Savita Custead, Bristol Natural History Organized by: Timothy A. Kohler and Stefani Around the World with Earthwatch: Taking Consortium, United Kingdom When Pollution Gets Personal: Ethics Sunday, 20 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Netherlands; Richard Jennings, University of Stock of Carbon in Five Forests A. Crabtree, Washington State University, The Role of Science in Society of Reporting on Human Exposures Organized by: Jennifer Wiseman and Peyton Cambridge, United Kingdom Geoffrey “Jess” Parker, Smithsonian Pullman Mikkel Bohm, Danish Science West, AAAS Science and Policy Programs, Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Sunday, 20 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Communication, Copenhagen Washington, DC SPEAKERS MD SPEAKERS Science, Innovation, and Integration: Organized by: Julia G. Brody, Silent Spring Evidence for a Recent Growth Increase in Ben Fitzhugh, University of Washington, Chris Smith, University of Cambridge, United Science as a Multicultural Mediator Institute, Newton, MA Kingdom Eastern Forests SPEAKERS Seattle Wesley Traub, NASA Jet Propulsion Scales of Vulnerability and Resilience in The Naked Scientists William Thomas, HSBC, London, United Reaching Out to People in East SPEAKERS Rikke Schmidt Kjærgaard, Harvard Medical Kingdom Laboratory, Pasadena, CA Human Settlement of the Kuril Islands Asia on Green Issues: Policies and Gwen Collman, National Institute of International Discoveries of Exoplanets: Herbert D. G. Maschner, Idaho State School, Boston, MA How My Light Bulb Went Off: From Climate Environmental Health Sciences, Research Science, Art, and Visual Communication Skeptic to Sustainability Leader Practices What We Are Finding Out About Other University, Pocatello Triangle Park, NC Worlds Archeology as Long-Term Ecology: Patricia Osseweijer, Delft University of Saturday, 19 February 10:00AM-11:30AM New Expectations for Individuals’ Right-To- Technology, Netherlands Doing Good with Good OR: Applying Howard A. Smith, Smithsonian Astrophysical The Dynamics of Humans and Marine Organized by: Sook-Kyoung Cho, Korea Know in Environmental Health Research Observatory, Cambridge, MA Imagine: An Innovative Approach to Science Operations Research for Societal Ecosystems on the North Pacific Foundation for the Advancement of Science Rachel Morello-Frosch, University of Communication On Living Alone in the Universe: New J. Daniel Rogers, National Museum of Natural Impact and Creativity, Seoul; Masataka Watanabe, California, Berkeley Indications of Our Probable Solitude, and History, Washington, DC Reporting Cord Blood Contaminants to Evangelicals, Science, and Policy: Friday, 18 February 3:00PM-4:30PM Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo; Jewish Perspectives on Life in the Cosmos Modeling Human-Environmental Sun Mengxin, China Association for Science Mothers in the California Biomonitoring Jennifer Wiseman, AAAS Science and Policy Organized by: Karen Smilowitz, Northwestern Interactions in Inner Asia: Households to Toward a Constructive Engagement and Technology, Beijing Program Programs, Washington, DC University, Evanston, IL; Ozlem Ergun, Georgia Empires Shaun Goho, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Uniqueness of Earth and the Significance of Friday, 18 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Institute of Technology, Atlanta Timothy A. Kohler, Washington State MA Life in Christian Perspectives Organized by: Peyton West and Jennifer SPEAKERS University, Pullman Is It Safe? Legal Requirements to Disclose Nidhal Guessoum, American University of Wiseman, AAAS Science and Policy Programs, Yoon Chung, Korea Foundation for the The Village Ecodynamics Project: Modeling SPEAKERS Measurements in Homes Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Washington, DC Advancement of Science and Creativity, Seoul the Deep Pueblo Past Yann LeTallec, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Islamic Views on Extrasolar Life Patrick V. Kirch, University of California, Cambridge, MA Low Carbon, Green Growth, and RGB Techno-Optimism or Pessimism? Campaign for All Koreans Seth Shostak, SETI Institute, Mountain View Berkeley SPEAKERS Improving Global Health with Operations Media Coverage of Quick Fixes for CA Islands as Model Systems for Long-Term James Childress, University of Virginia, Research Donghong Cheng, China Association for Science and Technology, Beijing Global Climate Change The World-Wide Societal Impact of Finding Human Ecodynamics Charlottesville Jeremie Gallien, London Business School, Intelligent Life Beyond Planet Earth C. Michael Barton, Center for Social Dynamics Evangelical Christians and Stem Cell United Kingdom Green Issues: New Challenges Toward Sunday, 20 February 10:00AM-11:30AM and Complexity, Tempe, AZ Research Policy China’s Science Communication

28 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | 17–21 February 2011 | Washington, D.C. *Invited, not yet confirmed.

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Appendix Crossing Boundaries with Citizen Graham Spanier, Pennsylvania State Usama Fayyad, Open Insights, LLC, Bellevue, SPEAKERS Mapping and Disentangling Human Organized by: William C. Clark, Harvard Science University, University Park WA Stephan Lechner, European Commission, JRC Decisions In Complex Human-Nature Kennedy School of Government, Cambridge, Current Efforts To Engage Academic Data Mining: Is Anything Still Private? Institute for Protection and Security of the Systems MA; Simon A. Levin, Princeton University, NJ Sunday, 20 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Leadership and National Security Experts Stephan Lechner, European Commission, JRC Citizen, Ispra, Italy Organized by: Janis L. Dickinson and Bart David Korn, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Institute for Protection and Security of the Intelligence by Open Source Information: Friday, 18 February 8:30AM-11:30AM SPEAKERS Selman, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY MA Citizen, Ispra, Italy It’s All on the Internet Organized by: Li An and Stuart Aitken, San Stephen Polasky, University of Minnesota, St. Impact of Current National Security Policy A European Perspective on Security and Raymond J. Willemann, Incorporated Research Diego State University, CA; Janet Silbernagel, Paul SPEAKERS Debates on Academic Education and Privacy Institutions for Seismology, Washington, DC University of Wisconsin, Madison Natural Capital and Human Well-Being Research Luis Von Ahn, Carnegie Mellon University, Comprehensive Test Band Treaty: Simon A. Levin, Princeton University, NJ Pittsburgh, PA Atomic Detectives: Science Behind Monitoring by Independent Scientists and Complex Adaptive Systems and the Science and Policy for Environmental Seismic Stations and Networks SPEAKERS How the Public Is Helping the Web To Learn International Efforts to Combat Challenge of Sustainability Jeffrey G. Lewis, New America Foundation, Xiaodong Chen, Harvard University, David Baker, University of Washington, Seattle Security in the Asia-Pacific Region Nuclear Terrorism B.L. Turner, Arizona State University, Tempe Washington, DC Cambridge, MA Foldit: Discovery Research Through Public Change in Tropical Forests: Challenges Friday, 18 February 1:00PM-2:30PM Saturday, 19 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Many Eyes on the Prize: Building a Agent-Based Modeling of Complex Social Participation in Biochemistry Addressing Its Complexity Organized by: James Scott Hauger, Asia- Community of Independent Security Interactions Organized by: Klaus Mayer, European Edward L. Miles, University of Washington, Alex Pentland, Massachusetts Institute of Pacific Center for Security Studies, Honolulu, Analysis Sarah Wandersee, San Diego State University, Technology, Cambridge Commission, JRC Institute for Transuranium CA Seattle HI; Virginia Watson, Asia-Pacific Center for Elements, Karlsruhe, Germany; Geraldine How Science-Based Social Networking White-Blue Arctic: Promoting Multi-Level Modeling To Understand Responses to the Challenge of Multiple Security Studies, Honolulu, HI Barry, European Commission, JRC, Brussels, Stresses in the Ocean Environment Helped Find 10 Red Balloons Cooperation and Preventing Conflict in Complex Human-Environment-Policy Janis L. Dickinson, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Belgium Dynamics in Fanjingshan Amy Poteete, Concordia University, Montreal, Ithaca, NY SPEAKERS the Arctic Ocean Alex Zvoleff, San Diego State University, CA Canada Tao Wang, Cold and Arid Regions Citizen Science at the Cornell Lab of SPEAKERS Monday, 21 February 9:45AM-12:45PM Modeling Human-Environment Interactions Political Competition, Natural Resource Ornithology Environmental and Engineering Research Klaus Mayer, European Commission, JRC and Their Ecological Implications in Chitwan Policy, and Political Development in Africa Organized by: Paul Arthur Berkman, University Chris Lintott, Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL Institute, Lanzhou, China Institute for Transuranium Elements, National Park Thomas Graedel, Yale University, New Haven, of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Oran Young, Lessons From Galaxy Zoo: Citizen Science The Impacts of Climate Change and Human Karlsruhe, Germany David L. López-Carr, University of California, CT University of California, Santa Barbara for Astrophysics and Beyond Activities on Desertification in Northern Nuclear Forensics Science as Border Santa Barbara Human Use of Resources: Quantification China Martin Storksdieck, U.S. National Research Crossing Support: Experience and Examining Proximate and Underlying and Prospects Council, Washington, DC Virginia Watson, Asia-Pacific Center for Perspectives SPEAKERS Causes of LUCC Security Studies, Honolulu, HI Citizen Science and Science Education: Benjamin Garrett, Federal Bureau of *Peter Wadhams, University of Cambridge, Stuart Aitken, San Diego State University, CA Resource Use and Ecological Water and Conflict: Securitization Processes What Do People Learn When They Do? Investigation, Quantico, VA United Kingdom Development Theory, Marginalized Resilience in a Tropical Socio- Dave Mouat, Desert Research Institute, Reno, From Domestic to International Nuclear Environmental State-Change in the Arctic Populations, and Participatory Mapping NV Ecological System Forensics Ocean Li An, San Diego State University, CA Land Degradation, Climate Change, and Anita Nilsson, International Atomic Energy James McCarthy, Harvard University, Overview of Agent-Based Modeling in Saturday, 19 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Security Human Security: A Futures Perspective Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria Cambridge, MA Handling Complex Human-Nature Systems Organized by: Jose M.V. Fragoso, and Oskar New START and Nuclear Winter: The Role of the Nuclear Watchdog: IAEA To Be Determined Burger, Stanford University, CA Using Quantitative Content Analysis Efforts To Enhance Global Nuclear Security Lars-Otto Reiersen, Arctic Monitoring and Telecoupling of Human and Natural Climatic Consequences of the Nuclear To Assess the Likelihood of Terrorist Assessment Program Secretariat, Oslo, Systems SPEAKERS Weapons Agreement Space Weather: The Next Big Solar Norway Violence Jose M.V. Fragoso, Stanford University, CA Friday, 18 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Storm Could Be a Global Katrina Monitoring and Assessment Activities and Friday, 18 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Friday, 18 February 3:00PM-4:30PM Results in the Arctic Ocean Complex Interactions Between Biodiversity 86 Organized by: Alan Robock, Rutgers Saturday, 19 February 1:00PM-2:30PM Organized by: Jianguo (Jack) Liu and William and Indigenous Amazonian Cultures 87 Organized by: Allison G. Smith, U.S. McConnell, Michigan State University, East University, New Brunswick, NJ; Richard Turco, Department of Homeland Security, Organized by: Thomas J. Bogdan and Terrance Kirsten Silvius, The Gordon and Betty Moore Lansing; Thomas J. Baerwald, NSF, Arlington, VA Foundation, Palo Alto, CA University of California, Los Angeles Washington, DC Onsager, NOAA, Boulder, CO; Stephan Sustainability Lechner, European Commission, JRC Institute Animals that Hide and the Challenges of SPEAKERS Accurate Assessment SPEAKERS SPEAKERS for Protection and Security of the Citizen, Data Cocktails for Biodiversity: Georgiy Stenchikov, King Abdullah University Ispra, Italy Ruth DeFries, Columbia University, New York Jeffrey Luzar, State University of New York, Lucian Gideon Conway III, University of Protected Area Management Without City Syracuse of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Montana, Missoula Arabia the Hangover Tropical Deforestation Driven by Locally Based Wildlife Monitoring by The Complexity of Terrorist Rhetoric SPEAKERS Regional Simulations of Stratospheric Urbanization and Agricultural Trade Indigenous Communities of the Amazon James W. Pennebaker, University of Texas, Thomas J. Bogdan, NOAA, Boulder, CO Friday, 18 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Lofting of Smoke Plumes from Urban Fires Peter Gleick, Pacific Institute for Studies in Austin Space Weather Forecasting Comes of Age Organized by: Alan Belward, European Luke Oman, NASA Goddard Space Flight Development, Environment, and Security, If a Culture of Growth Is Using Computerized Text Analysis Methods Center, Greenbelt, MD Nicolas Bobrinsky, European Space Agency, Commission, JRC Institute for Environment and Oakland, CA Unsustainable, What Should Change? To Assess Threats Darmstadt, Germany Sustainability, Ispra, Italy; Geraldine Barry, Climatic Effects of Regional Nuclear War Peak Water, Virtual Water, Real Water: Antonio Sanfilippo, Pacific Northwest National European Space Weather Prediction European Commission, JRC, Brussels, Belgium Saturday, 19 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Michael Mills, National Center for Atmospheric Exploring the Connections Laboratory, Richland, WA Capabilities in Support of Space Situational Research, Boulder, CO Eric F. Lambin, University of Louvain, Belgium Organized by: Paul H. Reitan, University at Framing Words of Violence Awareness Effects of Nuclear War on Ozone Depletion SPEAKERS Land-Use Changes in the Globalization Era Buffalo, NY; Ward Chesworth, University of Stephan Lechner, European Commission, JRC Gary Geller, NASA Ecological Forecasting Jianguo (Jack) Liu, Michigan State University, Guelph, Canada Promoting Security and Sustaining Institute for Protection and Security of the Reconciling National Security Program, Pasadena, CA East Lansing Privacy: How Do We Find the Right Citizen, Ispra, Italy Requirements with Research and Parks from Space: The Big Picture and New Global Telecoupling of Remote Places SPEAKERS Balance? Can the Sun Black Us Out? Space Weather Indicators Help Manage Protected Areas Education William D. Nordhaus, Yale University, New Peter Raven, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Vulnerabilities and Weaknesses Jon Hutton, UNEP World Conservation Haven, CT Saturday, 19 February 8:00AM-9:30AM Louis Friday, 18 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Monitoring Center, Cambridge, United Kingdom Integrated Assessment Models in Biodiversity as a Basis for Sustainability Organized by: Christopher Hankin, Imperial International Neighborhood Watch: Organized by: Kavita M. Berger, AAAS Center Assessing the Contribution of Protected Economics and the Geosciences Ward Chesworth, University of Guelph, Canada College London, United Kingdom; Benn Citizen Scientists and International Areas to Conservation and Development for Science, Technology, and Security Policy, Peter Raven, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Chakula Kwanza: Food First Tannenbaum, AAAS Center for Science, Security Goals Washington, DC; Tobin L. Smith, Association of Louis Robert Costanza, University of Vermont, Technology, and Security Policy, Washington, Alan Belward, European Commission, JRC American Universities, Washington, DC Sunday, 20 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Biological Invasions Elevating Ecological Burlington DC Institute for Environment and Sustainability, and Socioeconomic Challenges Flourishing on a Biophysically Limited Organized by: Gerald L. Epstein, AAAS Center Ispra, Italy SPEAKERS Planet: Creating a Culture of Sustainability SPEAKERS for Science, Technology, and Security Policy, Digital Observatory for Protected Areas: Research Frontiers in Sustainability Ambassador Joseph DeTrani, National William Rees, University of British Columbia, Bruce Schneier, BT (British Telecom), Washington, DC Helping Earth’s Beleaguered Biodiversity Counterproliferation Center, McLean, VA Science: Bridging Disciplines and Vancouver, Canada Minneapolis, MN Science, National Security, and the Practices Has Humanity Become the Maggot in Security, Privacy, and the Generation Gap Earth’s Apple? Intelligence Community Saturday, 19 February 8:30AM-11:30AM

30 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING | 17–21 February 2011 | Washington, D.C. *Invited, not yet confirmed.

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011. Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Appendix Japan Pavilion

Eric Reitan, Oklahoma State University, How Can the World Feed 9 Billion Stillwater People by 2050 Sustainably and Carrying Capacity, Conceptions of the Good Equitably? Life, and Advertising Herman Daly, University of Maryland, College Sunday, 20 February 10:00AM-11:30AM Park Organized by: Kate Von Holle, British Embassy, Policies for Ending Addiction to Growth and Washington, DC; Jon Parke, Foresight Program, Achieving a Steady-State Economy Government Office of Science, London, United Kingdom The Challenge of Measuring Sustainability SPEAKERS Sunday, 20 February 8:30AM-11:30AM Charles Godfray, Oxford University, United Organized by: Eugene A. Rosa, Washington Kingdom State University, Pullman; Thomas Dietz, How Can the World Feed 9 Billion People by Michigan State University, East Lansing 2050 Sustainably and Equitably? Nina Fedoroff, Pennsylvania State University, University Park SPEAKERS Why Do We Need GMOs? Who Will Benefit Mathis Wackernagel, Global Footprint from GMOs? Network, Oakland, CA Shenggen Fan, International Food Policy The Ecological Footprint Research Institute, Washington, DC Jay Emerson, Yale University, New Haven, CT Food Security in Emerging and Developing Environmental Performance Index Economies Kirk Hamilton, World Bank, Washington, DC Genuine Savings Social Networks and Sustainability Nic Marks, New Economics Foundation, London, United Kingdom Monday, 21 February 9:45AM-11:15AM The Happy Planet Index Organized by: Thomas Dietz, Michigan State Marina Fischer-Kowalski, Alpen Adria University, East Lansing; Adam D. Henry, West University, Vienna, Austria Virginia University, Morgantown National Material Flow Accounting SPEAKERS Estimating Earth’s Human Carrying Helen Ingram, University of California, Irvine Capacity Advocacy and Stakeholder Networks Ken Frank, Michigan State University, East Sunday, 20 February 1:30PM-4:30PM Lansing Organized by: Kenneth G. Cassman, University Natural Resource Management Networks of Nebraska, Lincoln; Ruth Cooper, The Royal Adam D. Henry, West Virginia University, 88 Society, London, United Kingdom; David Morgantown Tilman, University of Minnesota, St. Paul Networks and Policy Learning for Sustainability SPEAKERS Joel E. Cohen, Rockefeller and Columbia Universities, New York City Estimating Earth’s Human-Carrying Capacity John Sulston, University of Manchester, United Kingdom Carrying Capacity: Should We Be Aiming To Survive or Flourish? Jonathan A. Foley, University of Minnesota, St. Paul Land Resources for Nature and Global Food Production Jason Clay, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC Feeding 9 Billion and Maintaining the Planet: The Challenge of 2050 Panel Discussion on RISTEX session John Bongaarts, Population Council, New York City Stabilization then Gradual Decline in the Human Population in the 21st Century? John B. Casterline, Ohio University, Columbus Pathways to Population Stabilization: Contribution of Family Planning Programs

Published with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science © 2011.

Walter E Washington Convention Center Report on the outcome of the AAAS 2011 session on “Design Thinking to Mobilize Science, Technology and Innovation for Social Challenges.”

Published by the Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society (RISTEX), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)

May 2011

Editors: Yoko Nitta, Associate Fellow (RISTEX) Azusa Yamaguchi, Researcher,Department of Planning and Management (RISTEX) Design & Printing: Hakushu arts, Co. Ltd

※ For transcripts or further copies of this report, please contact directly to RISTEX. See details below: Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society(RISTEX) Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST) Kojimachi Square 5F, 3 Nibancho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo,Japan (tel)+81-3-5214-0133/(fax)+81-3-5214-0140