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Remote Water Quality Monitoring Network Baseline Conditions 2010

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Remote Water Quality Monitoring Network Baseline Conditions 2010 Remote Water Quality Monitoring Network Data Report of Baseline Conditions for 2010 - 2012 A SUMMARY Susquehanna River Basin Commission Publication No. 292 December 2013 Abstract The Susquehanna River Basin process can impact the specific trend at Choconut Creek, and pH and Commission (SRBC) continuously conductance of a stream, while the temperature showing an increasing monitors water chemistry in select infrastructure (roads and pipelines) trend at Hammond Creek. Dissolved watersheds in the Susquehanna needed to make drilling possible in oxygen did not show a trend at any of River Basin undergoing shale gas remote watersheds may adversely the stations and Meshoppen Creek did drilling activity. Initiated in 2010, impact stream sediment loads. The not show a trend with any parameters. 58 monitoring stations are included monitoring stations were grouped The natural gas well density varies in the Remote Water Quality by Level III ecoregion with specific within the watersheds; Choconut Monitoring Network (RWQMN). conductance and turbidity analyzed Creek has no drilling activity, the Specific conductance, pH, turbidity, using box plots. Based on available Hammond Creek Watershed has less dissolved oxygen, and temperature data, land use, permitted dischargers, than one well per square mile, and are continuously monitored and and geology appear to play the greatest the well density in the Meshoppen additional water chemistry parameters role with influencing turbidity and Creek Watershed is almost three times (metals, nutrients, radionuclides, etc.) specific conductance. that of Hammond Creek. Although are collected at least four times a year. the analyses were only performed on These data provide a baseline dataset In order to determine if shale three stations, the results show the for smaller streams in the basin, which gas drilling and the associated importance of collecting enough data previously had little or no data. development activities are impacting to properly characterize conditions monitored streams, SRBC completed in these previously unmonitored The two parameters most commonly trend analyses on three stations with watersheds, recognizing the range of used as indicators of shale gas drilling three years of continuous monitoring factors that can influence water quality activities are specific conductance data. The analyses showed mixed conditions. and turbidity. Any spills or leaks results, with specific conductance of flowback water from the drilling and turbidity showing a decreasing This publication is a summary of the full report, which is available on SRBC’s web site Contact: Dawn Hintz at mdw.srbc.net/remotewaterquality/. Environmental Scientist/Database Analyst Photo: Little Pine Creek, Lycoming County, Pa. Phone: (717) 238-0423 Email: [email protected] SRBC • 4423 N. Front St. • Harrisburg, PA 17110 • 717-238-0423 • 717-238-2436 Fax • www.srbc.net Introduction conditions in headwater streams and collected in October at every station monitor impacts from any activities in and fish are sampled at select stations In 2010, SRBC established a real- the watershed. during the spring/summer season. The time, continuous water quality continuous and supplemental sampling monitoring network called the Remote The RWQMN currently includes data collected at each station have Water Quality Monitoring Network 58 continuous monitoring stations created a substantial baseline dataset (RWQMN). The initial purpose of the (Appendix A); this second annual for smaller streams in Pennsylvania project was to monitor small headwater report will focus on the 50 stations and New York, where previously very streams for potential impacts from deployed long enough to have a little existed. natural gas drilling as 85 percent of the sufficient amount of data for analysis Susquehanna River Basin is underlain (Figure 1). The stations were installed with natural gas shales. Since 2008, between January 2010 and September Equipment and unconventional gas drilling by means 2011. The data analyzed for this Parameters of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) report are from installation date until has greatly increased throughout the June 30, 2012 (Appendix C). Each RWQMN station contains the basin. However, the applicability of following equipment: data sonde, a continuous, real-time data network Along with continuous monitoring data platform, and a power source is not limited to the impacts of gas at 58 stations, additional water – typically a solar panel. Recently, drilling. The RWQMN allows SRBC chemistry parameters are collected additional equipment has been added and other agencies/groups to gain a on an eight- to nine-week interval. to select stations to record precipitation better understanding of water quality Macroinvertebrate samples are and water pressure data. Rain gages Figure 1. RWQMN Stations – Initial 50 Stations 2 were installed at 11 stations and rainfall amounts are recorded at the same interval as the water quality data. The precipitation data will be correlated to turbidity and specific conductance; these two parameters are influenced by runoff and flow. Water stage data, along with actual flow measurements taken in the field, will be used to develop rating curves, which in time will allow for estimated flow measurements based on water stage. These data will be discussed in future reports. The data sonde is a multi-parameter water quality sonde with optical dissolved oxygen and turbidity probes, a pH probe, and a conductance and temperature probe. The data sonde also includes a non-vented relative depth sensor. The entire unit is placed SRBC staff collects fish samples at select stations during the spring/summer season. in protective housing and secured in free-flowing water at each site. The data are uploaded to a public web site maintained by SRBC. The web site allows users to view, download, graph, and determine basic statistics from the raw data. General project information and maps are also found on the user-friendly web site at http:// mdw.srbc.net/remotewaterquality/. A B D C SRBC staff monitors flow along Long Run, Tioga County, Pa. Photo credit: R. Szuch, PA DCNR Each station is equipped with a data sonde (above) that measures Results dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH, conductance and temperature. The In the Susquehanna River Basin, majority of the RWQMN stations (52) data sonde also includes a non- the majority of the shale gas are located in these two ecoregions. vented relative depth sensor. region is located in the North The shale gas region extends into A – Dissolved Oxygen Central Appalachian and Northern the Central Appalachian Ridges and B – pH Appalachian Plateau and Uplands Valleys ecoregion, the ecoregion C – Turbidity Level III ecoregions (Woods and containing the remaining six RWQMN D – Conductance/Temperature others, 1996). For this reason, a stations (Table 1). 3 Table 1. RWQMN Station List with Basic Watershed Characteristics PADEP Horizontal Watershed Bedrock Impaired % Impaired SRBC Well Pad Watershed Name Dominant Landuse(s) Well Drilling Size (mi2) Geology Miles1 Stream Miles1 Approvals*2 Permits Issued*2 Northern Appalachian Plateau and Uplands Forest (70%) Apalachin Creek 43 Shale 0 0% 0 0 Agriculture (26%) Forest (73%) Baldwin Creek 35 Shale 0 0% 0 0 Agriculture (21%) Forest (70%) Canacadea Creek 47 Shale 0 0% 0 0 Agriculture (23%) Forest (67%) Cherry Valley Creek 51 Shale 0 0% 0 0 Agriculture (23%) Forest (73%) Choconut Creek 38 Shale 0 0% 0 0 Agriculture (23%) Agriculture (51%) Hammond Creek 29 Shale 0 0% 12 19 Forest (46%) Forest (68%) Little Mehoopany Creek 11 Sandstone 0 0% 4 3 Agriculture (26%) Forest (48%) Meshoppen Creek 52 Sandstone 0 0% 59 97 Agriculture (48%) Forest (62%) Nanticoke Creek 48 Shale 0 0% 0 0 Agriculture (34%) Forest (35%) Sangerfield River 52 Shale 0 0% 0 0 Agriculture (32%) Forest (60%) Sing Sing Creek 35 Shale 0 0% 0 0 Agriculture (21%) Forest (68%) Snake Creek 45 Sandstone 0 0% 16 28 Agriculture (28%) South Branch Tunkhannock Forest (55%) 70 Sandstone 26.7 22% 3 0 Creek Agriculture (32%) Agriculture (51%) Sugar Creek 56 Sandstone 10.8 13% 44 109 Forest (48%) Forest (65%) Sugar Run 33 Sandstone 0 0% 21 25 Agriculture (31%) Agriculture (55%) Tomjack Creek 27 Shale 0 0% 25 20 Forest (42%) Forest (64%) Trout Brook 36 Shale 0 0% 0 0 Agriculture (31%) Forest (70%) Upper Catatonk Creek 30 Shale 0 0% 0 0 Agriculture (16%) Agriculture (53%) Upper Crooked Creek 47 Shale 0 0% 19 21 Forest (44%) Agriculture (52%) Upper Tuscarora Creek 53 Shale 0 0% 0 0 Forest (42%) Forest (64%) Wappasening Creek 47 Shale 1.8 2% 22 15 Agriculture (33%) North Central Appalachian Baker Run Forest (99%) 35 Sandstone 0 0% 9 10 Forest (75%) Blockhouse Creek 38 Sandstone 0 0% 7 0 Agriculture (21%) 4 PADEP Horizontal Watershed Bedrock Impaired % Impaired SRBC Well Pad Watershed Name Dominant Landuse(s) Well Drilling Size (mi2) Geology Miles1 Stream Miles1 Approvals*2 Permits Issued*2 Bowman Creek Forest (90%) 54 Sandstone 0.3 1% 3 0 Forest (93%) Driftwood Branch 83 Sandstone 0 0% 3 0 Grassland (5%) East Fork Sinnemahoning Forest (89%) 33 Sandstone 0 0% 2 4 Creek Grassland (10%) Forest (82%) Elk Run 21 Sandstone 0 0% 22 13 Agriculture (11%) Grays Run Forest (95%) 16 Sandstone 5.1 21% 8 1 Hicks Run Forest (92%) 34 Sandstone 0 0% 4 2 Kitchen Creek Forest (88%) 20 Sandstone 1.8 5% 0 0 Forest (68%) Lackawanna Creek 38 Sandstone 4.3 6% 1 0 Agriculture (23%) Forest (76%) Larrys Creek 29 Sandstone 1.9 4% 18 28 Agriculture (22%) Forest (83%) Little Pine Creek 180 Sandstone 7.1 2% 28 55 Agriculture (13%) Forest (81%) Long
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