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Role of Interleukin 8 on Leucocyte-Endothelial Cell Adhesion in Intestinal Inflammation

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Role of Interleukin 8 on Leucocyte-Endothelial Cell Adhesion in Intestinal Inflammation Gut 1996; 38: 911-915 911 Role of interleukin 8 on leucocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in intestinal inflammation H Arndt, M A Bolanowski, D N Granger Gut: first published as 10.1136/gut.38.6.911 on 1 June 1996. Downloaded from Abstract of IL8 gene in biopsy samples from patients Background-An important action of with IBD is related to the macroscopic and interleukin 8 (IL8) is stimulation ofgranu- histological grade of active inflammation.7 8 locytes. The object of this study was to After appropriate stimulation, IL8 is syn- assess the contribution ofIL8 to the leuco- thesised mainly by mononuclear phagocytes, cyte-endothelial celi interactions associ- however, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and ated with intestinal inflammation in the endothelial cells are all known to produce this rat. powerful cytokine.9- 1 In intestinal epithelial Methods-Two indomethacin injections cell lines, IL8 synthesis can be stimulated by (48 and 24 hours prior to the experiments) the inflammatory cytokines ILI and tumour induced a longlasting ileitis in rats. The necrosis factor (TNF).12 The biological activity number of adherent and emigrated leuco- of IL8 is very similar to chemotactic peptides cytes, leucocyte rolling velocity, and shear like C5a and f-Met-Leu-Phe.'3 Consequently, rate were monitored in normal and a major action of IL8 is activation of inflamed mesenteric postcapillary venules. neutrophils,14 inducing directional migration, Some animals received a monoclonal anti- increasing the production of reactive oxygen body (MAb) against IL8 or CD1lb/CD18 at metabolites, and increasing the expression and 24 and 12 hours prior to the experiment. level of activation of adhesion molecules.15 16 Results-Indomethacin elicited a seven- There are also reports that suggest that the IL8 fold increase in leucocyte adherence and a secreted by activated endothelial cells inhibits 54-fold increase in leucocyte emigration, the adhesion of neutrophils to activated while leucocyte rolling velocity was endothelial monolayers.17 18 reduced by nearly 80%. The indomethacin Although the published in vitro data suggest induced increases in leucocyte adherence that IL8 may exert both pro-inflammatory and and emigration were significantly reduced anti-inflammatory effects, the limited number (by 57% and 67%, respectively) while of studies that consider IL8 function in vivo leucocyte rolling velocity was increased suggest that its pro-inflammatory actions http://gut.bmj.com/ (to 63% of control) by the IL8-specific dominate. In a rabbit model of lung reper- MAb. The level ofinhibition seen with the fusion injury a monoclonal antibody against IL8 MAb was similar to that associated IL8 prevented neutrophil infiltration and tissue with administration of a MAb directed injury.19 Mulligan and coworkers have recently against the leucocyte adhesion molecule shown that a murine monoclonal antibody CD1lb/CD18. (DM/C7) to human IL8 largely abolishes the on October 2, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. Conclusions-IL8 contributes to the leuco- inflammatory cell infiltrate and vascular dys- cyte-endothelial cell interactions elicited function observed in a rat model of IgG in mesenteric venules by indomethacin. immune complex induced lung injury.20 It was (Gut 1996; 38: 911-915) assumed (but not determined) that the IL8 MAb exerted its beneficial effects by limiting Department of Keywords: indomethacin, microcirculation, the recruitment of adherent and emigrated Physiology and inflammatory bowel disease. Biophysics, Louisiana neutrophils in the pulmonary microvascula- State University - ture. With the same monoclonal antibody Medical Center, USA D N Granger neutrophil influx in a dermal immune complex Cytokines have been invoked as modulators of induced inflammation in mice could be Department of immunological and inflammatory reactions abolished.2' The objects of this study were to Internal Medicine I, associated with inflammatory bowel disease determine: (a) whether IL8 University of contributes to the Regensburg, Germany (IBD).' The tissue concentrations of several inflammatory cell infiltrate and mucosal lesion H Arndt cytokines are increased in IBD. An increased formation observed in a rat model of intestinal synthesis of interleukin 1 (IL1), IL2 receptor, inflammation, and (b) whether IL8 mediates Molecular and Celiular Biology, The Monsanto and IL6 has been shown in the inflamed the leucocyte-endothelial cell adhesive inter- Company, St Louis, intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's actions in postcapillary venules that occurs in Missouri, USA disease and ulcerative colitis.2 IL2 and inter- the same experimental model. A Bolanowski feron values are increased in mucosal biopsy Correspondence to: specimens from patients with Crohn's disease D N Granger, PhD, Department of Physiology but not in those with ulcerative colitis,34 Methods and Biophysics, Louisiana whereas ILl 0 mRNA is increased in ulcerative State University - Medical Center, 1501 Kings colitis but not in Crohn's disease.5 Animalpreparation Highway, Shreveport, Interleukin 8 (IL8) is another cytokine that Male Sprague-Dawley rats (160-240 g) Louisiana 71130-3932, USA. accumulates in inflamed lesions ofpatients with anaesthetised with 1 10 mg/kg Inactin (Na-5- Accepted for publication activated ulcerative colitis.6 Recent findings ethyl- 1 (1 '-methyl-propyl) 2-thio-barbiturate, 29 December 1995 show that IL8 tissue values and the expression Byk Giulden, Konstanz, Germany) were 912 Arndt, Bolanowski, Granger catheterised (carotid artery) for continuous before the experiment (10 mg/ml 5% NaHCO3, measurement and recording of systemic blood 7.5 mg/kg each).26 One group was treated pressure and heart rate (Statham P23A additionally with a MAb against IL8 (DM/C7, 3 Transducer, Oxnard, CA; Grass Recorder, mg/lkg intravenously)20 while another group Grass Instruments, Quincy, MA), tracheo- received a MAb against the leucocyte adhesion tomised for facilitating breathing during the glycoprotein CD1 lb/CD18 (MAb 17, 1.5 experiment, and surgically prepared for micro- mg/kg intravenously)27 under ether anaesthesia Gut: first published as 10.1136/gut.38.6.911 on 1 June 1996. Downloaded from scopic observation of mesenteric venules. at 24 hours and 12 hours prior to the experi- ment. DM/C7 was provided by The Monsanto Company (St Louis, Missouri), MAb 17 Intravital microscopy by Repligen Corporation (Cambridge, Animals were placed in a supine position on an Massachusetts). The indomethacin induced adjustable Plexiglas microscope stage and the changes were not affected by isotype matched exteriorised segment of the mid-ileum was non-binding control antibodies (IgGlK for IL8, draped over an optically clear viewing pedestal IgG2K for CD1 lb/CD18, PharMingen, San permitting transillumination of a 2 cm2 Diego) and none of the antibodies or its solvent section, as described previously.22 23 The (saline) had an intrinsic effect on the micro- exposed bowel wall was draped with saline circulatory parameters in animals not treated soaked gauze, the mesentery was covered with with indomethacin (data not shown). The con- Saran wrap (Dow Chemicals, Indiana) to trol group received two subcutaneous injections minimise condensation on the objective lens, of the indomethacin vehicle, 5°/O NaHCO3. and continuously superfused with warm bicar- After all parameters measured on line bonate buffered salt solution (BBS, pH 7.4) (arterial pressure, Vrbc, Dv) were in a steady bubbled with 50/O CO2 - 95% N2. Animal core state, images from the mesenteric preparations temperature was thermostated to 37°C. - approximately 10 venules per animal - were Single unbranched mesenteric venules of videotaped for five minutes. 25-35 ,um diameter and roughly 150 Kum in length were transilluminated with a 12V-100W light source and observed through Tissue analysis an intravital video microscope (Leitz Ortholux After intravital microscopy the animals were II, Germany) with a X40 objective lens (Zeiss killed with an overdose of pentobarbital and the UD 40/0.65, Germany) and a X 10 eyepiece. A intestines were excised and opened longi- video camera (Hitachi WK-C 150, Japan) tudinally. Findings were ranked using the mounted on the microscope projected the following criteria: 0 - no change in serosa or image onto a colour monitor (Sony PVM- mucosa. 1 - hyperaemic lesions or petechial 2030, Japan). The images were recorded using bleeding, or both, 2 - single mucosal erosion or a video cassette recorder (Panasonic NV8950, ulceration, 3 - multiple erosions or ulcerations http://gut.bmj.com/ Japan) for playback analysis. Venular diameter without any lesions in the serosa and mesentery, (Dv) was measured on or off line using a video or single mucosal erosion or ulcer with hyper- image shearing monitor (IPM, LaMesa, CA). emic, adhesive or haemorrhagic lesions in the Red blood cell centreline velocity (Vrbc) was serosa, 4 - multiple erosions or ulcerations (less measured on line with an optical Doppler than 10 cm of total length of the intestine velocimeter (Microcirculation Research involved) with hyperaemic, adhesive or haemor- Institute, Texas A and M University). Mean rhagic lesions in the serosa, 5 - multiple erosions on October 2, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. red blood cell velocity was calculated assuming or ulcerations (more than 10 cm of total length Vmean =centreline velocity/1 .6.24 Venular shear of the intestine involved) with hypaeremic, rate (t) was calculated based on the Newtonian adhesive or haemorrhagic lesions in the serosa.26 definition:
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