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Introduction
MJT 10 (1999) 239-257 THE MARROW CONTROVERSY: A DEFENSE OF GRACE AND THE FREE OFFER OF THE GOSPEL by Joseph H. Hall Introduction THE PRISTINE ORTHODOXY of the Scottish Reformation had begun to wane by 1700. This was due in part to the residual influence of the Englishman Richard Baxter’s theology. Baxter (1615-1691), an Amyraldian, conceived of Christ’s death as a work of universal redemption, penal and vicarious but not strictly speaking substitutionary. For Baxter, God offers grace to sinners by introducing the “new law” of repentance and faith. Consequently when penitent sinners “obey” this new law, they obtain a personal saving righteousness. Effectual calling induces such obedience and preserving grace sustains it. This doctrine, known as “Neonomianism,” reflected Amyraldian teaching, with Arminian “new law” teaching as an addendum. The legalistic dimensions of Baxter’s Amyraldianism, along with the increasing influence of Laudian hierarchism,1 brought on 1William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I of England, imposed on England, and sought to impose on Scotland, high church Anglicanism during the 1630s. The Scots fiercely and successfully resisted English uniformitarianism under Charles I only to have it re-imposed upon them after the restoration of Charles II. 240 • MID-AMERICA JOURNAL OF THEOLOGY by the Act of Union of 1707,2 made England dominant in both Church and State in Scotland. Added to this was the reintroduction of the abuses of patronage into the Scottish Kirk.3 These factors all contributed to the waning of vigorous, well- balanced Calvinism wherein the warmth of Scotland’s earlier Calvinism, with all its biblical and ecclesiastical integrity, gave way increasingly to doctrinal and spiritual indifference or “moderatism.” Hence those called moderates were those who opposed Reformation doctrine. -
Pat-Abendroth-Dissertation.Pdf
A Pastoral Note About My Doctoral Project I am glad you are interested in reading my dissertation. Given that it took a fair amount of effort and my passion for the subject matter, I am happy to share it with church members and friends. Please allow me to introduce you to the project by saying just a few things. If you ask someone what Covenant Theology is and if it is a good or bad thing, you will likely hear lots of different answers. It is fairly common for evangelicals to respond by either saying they do not know what Covenant Theology is or by describing it as something unbiblical and relating to a particular view regarding millennialism, baptism, or Israel. There are three major problems with such responses. First, classic Covenant Theology is essentially concerned with matters of sin and salvation, not something else. Second, the biblical support for such things as the federal headship of Adam and Jesus is strong (federal being from the Latin foedus meaning covenant). Third, when Covenant Theology is rejected, justification by grace alone through faith alone in Christ alone is at best in serious jeopardy. My dissertation is a promotion and defense of classic Covenant Theology. I have written out of a pastoral passion to help people understand human history federally/covenantally just as the Apostle Paul did as he wrote inspired Scripture (see Romans 5:12-21). Likewise, I have written in order to demonstrate the vital connection between Covenant Theology and justification by faith alone, the doctrine that is so commonly compromised by rejecters of the federal perspective. -
Reader's Guide
T H E H UMILITY T O R E A D I am one person in one place at one time. My experiences and perceptions are limited and Introducing the colored by the environment in which I live. ESV Study Bible Therefore, it would be profoundly arrogant of me to think that I can best grow in the knowl- 20,000 Notes edge of God through Scripture by myself. 40 Illustrations A Monergism Books Certainly the Holy Spirit is graciously given to 50 Articles all God’s children to enable us to comprehend and be conformed to the truths of the Bible. 200 Full-Color Maps READER’S GUIDE Nevertheless, one of the primary means of The ESV Study Bible for the Christian Life grace God uses in the process of our transfor- was created to help mation is the universal-historical community of people understand believers. Within that community, God gra- the Bible in a ciously provides leaders of few and leaders of deeper way—to understand the timeless many to equip the saints for the work of minis- truth of God’s Word as a powerful, com- try. pelling, life-changing reality. To accom- It is a humbling thing for me to read a book. plish this, the ESV Study Bible combines Most books take at least several hours of com- the best and most recent evangelical bined time to process, and I have to forsake Christian scholarship with the highly other distractions in order to focus and benefit regarded ESV Bible text. The result is the from what I am reading. -
Mentoring Westminster Today
Westminster Today WINTER 2010 | vol 2 . I s s 1 f o r m i n g . t e a c h i n g . e n g a g i n g mentoring Servant Leaders in this issue Desert Bloom | page 6 China Log | page 14 Mentoring servant Leaders Forming Specialists in the Bible ithout fear of contradiction, Jesus is the greatest educator in history. his Great Commission declares, “Go and make disciples (learners) of all nations” (Matthew 28:19). the School of Christ is worldwide and eternal in character. People from every kindred, tribe, tongue and nation are included (rev. 5:9). in the ages to come, we will still be learning of his grace (eph. 2:6-7)! in obedience to Christ’s Great Commission, Westminster theological Seminary operates as a school of higher learning to train pastors, teachers and Wleaders for the Kingdom of Christ by Declaring the Whole Counsel of God. in the spirit of Christ’s gospel imperative, we seek to make lifelong learners of the unsearchable riches of God in Christ as revealed in the historic-redemptive self- disclosure of God in the Scriptures. We have been doing that now for 80 years. our living graduates and alumni, numbering well over 6,000, are serving in over 60 countries around the globe. these have been consistently identified with what Westminster has cherished—high scholarship and depth of orthodox theology, which seeks to reflect Christ’s love and gospel service. Will you come and join our community of servant leaders and specialists in the Bible? When you do, you will join our worldwide alumni who cherish and joyfully pursue the greatest commission ever given among men—to make learners of the saving and eternal gospel of Jesus Christ, the King of Kings and Lord of Lords. -
Critical and Edifying? a Historiography of Christian Biography
CRITICAL AND EDIFYING? A HISTORIOGRAPHY OF CHRISTIAN BIOGRAPHY by PATRICIA JANZEN LOEWEN B.A. The University of Manitoba, 1997 M.A. The University of Manitoba and the University of Winnipeg, 2000 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Interdisciplinary Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) January 2009 © Patricia Janzen Loewen, 2008 ABSTRACT This dissertation argues that edifying dialogue is an appropriate and satisfying component of historically critical biography. It has been a part of biography. The edifying and critical intent is traced through pre-modern biography to demonstrate that this was the case in the Hebrew, Greek, Roman, Early Christian and Medieval eras. Key authors examined include the author(s) of the Pentateuch, the Gospel writers and the authors of the Biblical epistles, Herodotus, Polybius, Livy, Plutarch, Tacitus, Athanasius, Jerome, Sulpicius Severus, and John Capgrave. It can be a part of biography even given the challenges of contemporary theory posed by the extreme positions of positivism and postmodernism (or their chastened re-formulations). Important authors discussed in this section include Arthur Marwick, Keith Jenkins, David Harlan and Peter Novick. It is a part of some biographies meant for a particular audience (such as feminist works). And hopefully it will be increasingly looked upon as the preferred way of writing biography. My dissertation follows these stages. I begin with what biography has been and argue that the Greek and Roman historians believed that the intent of biography was critical and edifying. In fact, critical and edifying intent is notable also in Biblical and medieval biographies. -
Resurrection in Daniel 12 and Its Contribution to the Theology of the Book of Daniel
Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 1996 Resurrection in Daniel 12 and its Contribution to the Theology of the Book of Daniel Artur A. Stele Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Stele, Artur A., "Resurrection in Daniel 12 and its Contribution to the Theology of the Book of Daniel" (1996). Dissertations. 148. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/148 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses. Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
WESTMINSTER CONFESSION of FAITH, CHAPTER 1: IMPLICATIONS for the APOLOGETIC METHOD of CORNELIUS VAN TIL Ryan E. Noha Apologetic
WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH, CHAPTER 1: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE APOLOGETIC METHOD OF CORNELIUS VAN TIL Ryan E. Noha Apologetics AS112 December 15, 2014 1 Abstract Presents a study of the relationship between the Westminster Confession of Faith Chapter 1 and the apologetic method of Cornelius Van Til. Van Til self-consciously sought to defend this Reformed system of doctrine in his apologetic and polemical encounters. Offers here an argument for the inchoate methodological foundations of Van Til's method in Chapter 1, On Holy Scripture, particularly with regard to the divines' treatment of natural and special revelation. Surveys each paragraph of Chapter 1, examining how the presuppositional commitment of the divines to the self-attesting, supreme authority of Holy Scripture is reflected and applied in the realm of apologetics by Van Til. Seeks to contribute to the discussion of the consistency of Van Tilian apologetics and the Westminster Standards. Introduction The obvious must be stated outright: the Westminster Confession of Faith is neither an apologetic treatise nor a how-to manual on the defense of the faith. Nonetheless, as a positive presentation of doctrine confessed by the Westminster divines, it does provide us with a glimpse into their foundational, epistemological commitments, or presuppositions. This paper will examine whether the apologetic method of Cornelius Van Til is consistent with the Westminster Standards to which he subscribed as a minister in the Orthodox Presbyterian Church. This is an important question because Van Til self-consciously sought to apply confessional Reformed theology to the realm of apologetics. In his foundational work The Defense of the Faith, Van Til claims, "Now the basic structure of my thought is very simple. -
Katapausis and Sabbatismos in Hebrews 4
Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 2011 Katapausis and Sabbatismos in Hebrews 4 Erhard Gallos Andrews University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Gallos, Erhard, "Katapausis and Sabbatismos in Hebrews 4" (2011). Dissertations. 54. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/54 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses. Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. ABSTRACT KATAPAUSIS AND SABBATISMOS IN HEBREWS 4 by Erhard H. Gallos Advisor: Robert M. Johnston ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: KATAPAUSIS AND SABBATISMOS IN HEBREWS 4 Name of researcher: Erhard H. Gallos Name and degree of faculty adviser: Robert M. Johnston, Ph.D. Date completed: April 2011 Problem Enthusiasm for the subject has not -
A Re-Examination of the Cultural Mandate: an Analysis and Evaluation of the Dominion Materials
A RE-EXAMINATION OF THE CULTURAL MANDATE: AN ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE DOMINION MATERIALS by Ronald E. Manahan Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Theology in Grace Theological Seminary May 1982 Title: A RE-EXAMINATION OF THE CULTURAL MANDATE: AN ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE DOMINION MATERIALS Author: Ronald E. Manahan Degree: Doctor of Theology Date: May, 1982 Advisers: James Eisenbraun, D. Wayne Knife, and David Turner Frequently correlation is made between the cultural mandate, that activity of doing and making given to man at his creation whereby he is to glorify his Creator, and the dominion materials (Gen 1:26-28; 9:1, 7; Ps 8:6-10; Heb 2:5-9; Jas 3:7). Understanding the nature of this correlation and its subsequent implications is best aided by working with a carefully defined field of terms, by isolating what alternative views of the correlation have been expressed throughout the church's history, and by engaging in a thorough examination of the background and interpretive field of the dominion passages. The conclusion resulting from the isolation of the several views on dominion material is that each view gives indication of having been influenced by the cultural milieu of the interpreter and by perceptions of culture in general. The interpreter continually interacts between his constantly changing, dynamic cultural milieu and the Biblical text. The context within which this study is conducted includes the realization that man is contextualized and is an integral part of the creation in which he was placed by his Creator. -
LUTHER Historical Significance Can Hardly Be Overstated
FOREWORD BY ROBERT KOLB LUTHER historical significance can hardly be overstated. CARL R. TRUEMAN MartinKnown as the Luther’s father of the Protestant Reformation, Luther has had an enormous impact on Western Christianity and culture. In Luther on the Christian Life, AFTERWORD BY MARTIN E. MARTY historian Carl Trueman introduces readers to the lively Reformer, taking them on a tour of his historical context, theological system, and approach to the Christian life. on the Christian Life Whether exploring Luther’s theology of protest, ever-present sense of humor, or misunderstood view of sanctification, this book will help modern readers go deeper in their spiritual walk by learning from one of the great teachers of the faith. “This book illustrates again why Martin Luther remains a nearly inexhaustible resource. Trueman explains why Luther can be such a perceptive, encouraging, human, and even humorous guide to the Christian life.” MARK A. NOLL, Francis A. McAnaney Professor of History, University of Notre Dame “Carl Trueman has pulled off a tremendous feat: he’s not only given us a volume that is scholarly and historically nuanced while still accessible and refreshingly contemporary; he’s also managed to capture the brilliance and boldness of Martin Luther in a relatively short space.” KEVIN DEYOUNG, Senior Pastor, University Reformed Church, East Lansing, Michigan “If you think you know Luther, read this book. It is a remarkably edifying and illuminating piece of work. Displaying the interests of a pastor and the rigor of a historian, Trueman provides us with an analysis of Luther on the Christian life that is as ‘human’ as the German Reformer himself.” MICHAEL HORTON, J. -
By Augusto Del Noce ______By Carl Trueman
what is man? Ordained Servant November 2017 Ordained Servant Online A Journal for Church Officers E-ISSN 1931-7115 CURRENT ISSUE: WHAT IS MAN? November 2017 From the Editor The doctrine of man is central to the modern debate about sexual identity. The rejection of transcendent reality by the modern mind sets people free to seek to redefine the human. In my editorial essay, “Diminishing Humanity: How the Modern World Is Dehumanizing Us,” I explore the theme of dehumanization in modernity. Carl Trueman reviews the work of a relatively unknown twentieth-century Italian political and cultural philosopher in his review of Augusto Del Noce, The Crisis of Modernity. His exploration of the disenchantment of modern life in terms of an assumed materialism is profound. The human quest for rest without God leads to the exhaustion of hope. God has designed it that way, so that we may not find rest outside of resting in him. The Sabbath trajectory of human life is meant to drive us to our Creator, in whom true rest may only be found. I explore this theme in George Herbert’s poem “The Pulley.” John Muether continues the celebration of Reformation 500 as he explores the confessional development of the Reformation with “Reformed Confessions: Canons of the Synod of Dort (1619).” This demonstrates the doctrinal consistency of biblically based ecclesiastical symbols forged in the ecumenical spirit of a truly ecumenical endeavor. In another area of historical exploration, Danny Olinger gives us chapter 10 of his Vos biography, “Geerhardus Vos: Grace and Glory,” in which he explores the sermonic production of Vos. -
Thy Word Is Still Truth: Essential Writings on the Doctrine of Scripture from the Reformation to Today Peter A
Cedarville University DigitalCommons@Cedarville Alumni Book Gallery 10-28-2013 Thy Word Is Still Truth: Essential Writings on the Doctrine of Scripture from the Reformation to Today Peter A. Lillback Richard B. Gaffinr J . Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/alum_books Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Lillback, Peter A. and Gaffin, Richard B. Jr., "Thy Word Is Still Truth: Essential Writings on the Doctrine of Scripture from the Reformation to Today" (2013). Alumni Book Gallery. 305. https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/alum_books/305 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Cedarville, a service of the Centennial Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in Alumni Book Gallery by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Cedarville. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thy Word Is Still Truth: Essential Writings on the Doctrine of Scripture from the Reformation to Today Keywords Bible, doctrine Disciplines Biblical Studies | Religion | Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Publisher P & R Publishing Publisher's Note Reprinted from Thy Word Is Still Truth: Essential Writings on the Doctrine of Scripture from the Reformation to Today edited by Peter A. Lillback and Richard B. Gaffinr J ., copyright 2013, P&R Publishing, Phillipsburg, NJ. ISBN 9781596384477 This book is available at DigitalCommons@Cedarville: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/alum_books/305