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Imp Cadier Neron a La Maison Blanche.Indd iimp_cadiermp_cadier neronneron a lala maisonmaison blanche.inddblanche.indd 1 009/05/20199/05/2019 15:4215:42 iimp_cadiermp_cadier neronneron a lala maisonmaison blanche.inddblanche.indd 2 009/05/20199/05/2019 15:4215:42 NÉRON À LA MAISON BLANCHE iimp_cadiermp_cadier neronneron a lala maisonmaison blanche.inddblanche.indd 3 009/05/20199/05/2019 15:4215:42 iimp_cadiermp_cadier neronneron a lala maisonmaison blanche.inddblanche.indd 4 009/05/20199/05/2019 15:4215:42 JEAN-BERNARD CADIER NÉRON À LA MAISON BLANCHE iimp_cadiermp_cadier neronneron a lala maisonmaison blanche.inddblanche.indd 5 009/05/20199/05/2019 15:4215:42 Notre catalogue est consultable à l’adresse suivante : www.editionsarchipel.com Éditions de l’Archipel 34, rue des Bourdonnais 75001 Paris ISBN 978-2-8098-2655-5 Copyright © L’Archipel, 2019. iimp_cadiermp_cadier neronneron a lala maisonmaison blanche.inddblanche.indd 6 009/05/20199/05/2019 15:4215:42 Prologue Mardi 2 janvier 2018, 19 h 49, tweet de Donald Trump : Moi aussi j’ai un Bouton nucléaire, il est beaucoup plus gros et plus puissant que le sien, et mon Bouton marche ! Rien n’arrête le quarante-cinquième président des États-Unis. Faut-il rire de ce bouffon qui s’enorgueillit de la taille de son « Bouton nucléaire », rehaussé d’une majuscule, comme il avait vanté la taille de sa virilité dans un débat télévisé de sa campagne ? Ou pleurer ce degré zéro de la diplomatie, avec ses risques associés, face à la Corée du Nord ? Des guerres ont commencé pour moins que ça. Et celle-là serait nucléaire. Ce soir-là, Donald Trump est de nouveau seul, comme souvent, devant son poste de télévision, de retour de douze jours au soleil dans son palais de Mar-a-Lago, en Floride. Sa femme et leur fils ont déjà repris leur routine à l’autre bout de la résidence. Et lui la sienne, devant ses écrans. Son tweet répond à ce qu’il vient d’entendre sur Fox News, à 19 h 37 : « Corée du Nord. Kim Jong-un a déclaré dans son message de Nouvel An que l’en- semble du territoire américain était désormais à portée d’une attaque nucléaire nord-coréenne et qu’il avait un bouton nucléaire en permanence sur son bureau. » 7 iimp_cadiermp_cadier neronneron a lala maisonmaison blanche.inddblanche.indd 7 009/05/20199/05/2019 15:4215:42 NÉRON À LA MAISON BLANCHE Fox News, la chaîne qui lui fait du bien. Celle qui ne critique que rarement son action. Mais ce qu’il vient d’entendre le pique au vif. En douze minutes, son tweet vengeur est envoyé. Donald Trump, c’est le gouvernement de la télévision, par la télévision, pour la télévision. Faut-il redouter ce président qui joue avec l’idée du feu nucléaire comme Néron jouait de la lyre tandis que Rome brûlait ? L’homme à la mèche blonde rappelle parfois l’em- pereur extravagant et tyrannique. Dans la Trump Tower, à Manhattan, tout est doré et démesuré. Comme dans la somptueuse Domus Aurea (« maison dorée ») que Néron s’était fait construire sur les collines de Rome. Avec d’im- menses statues de lui. De même, les portraits de Trump sont omniprésents dans sa résidence de Mar-a-Lago. « Tyran vaniteux et grotesque », tel que défi ni par l’his- torien Victor Duruy1, Néron organisait les Jeux néroniens, où il se faisait décerner le prix d’éloquence et de poésie. Les Jeux trumpiens ne se déroulent-ils pas sur Twitter, pour celui qui clame : « Je suis l’Ernest Hemingway des 140 signes » ? Peu d’empereurs ont été aussi populaires après coup que l’odieux Néron. Sa tombe sera longtemps fl eurie. Pour Montesquieu, il fait partie de ces empereurs « regrettés du peuple à cause de leur folie même : car ils aimaient avec fureur ce que le peuple aimait2 ». Un certain peuple amé- ricain aime la folie de Donald Trump, ce président impar- fait, comme lui, qui parle comme lui, inconsistant, chauvin, menteur et hâbleur. Et qui raff ole des cheeseburgers. 1. Victor Duruy, Histoire des Romains, 1885. 2. Montesquieu, Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur décadence, 1734. 8 iimp_cadiermp_cadier neronneron a lala maisonmaison blanche.inddblanche.indd 8 009/05/20199/05/2019 15:4215:42 PROLOGUE Après deux ans à la Maison Blanche, ce peuple-là ne l’a pas lâché. Sa cote de popularité ne dépasse guère les 40 %, mais, fait sans précédent, elle n’a pas baissé depuis son élection. Jamais, depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale, un président n’avait joui d’une popularité aussi stable. Basse, mais stable. Et il a accru son emprise dans son propre camp. Ses fans étaient à la droite de la droite, il gagne aujourd’hui du terrain au centre-droit. Donald Trump est le président le plus populaire de l’Histoire chez les électeurs répu- blicains – à la seule exception de George W. Bush dans les semaines qui suivirent le 11 Septembre. Incontesté dans son camp, il devrait aff ronter les primaires républi- caines de 2020 sans rival. Au même point de leur premier mandat, Ronald Reagan et Bill Clinton jouissaient de la même cote de popularité que lui. Tous deux ont été réélus. Donald Trump pourrait, lui aussi, être reconduit pour un second mandat. Je me suis beaucoup trompé sur Donald Trump et cela m’a beaucoup contrarié. J’ai suffi samment de « bou- teille » pour ne l’avoir jamais dit à l’antenne de BFMTV, mais j’étais persuadé, comme tout le monde, qu’il serait battu par Hillary Clinton. Comme j’étais persuadé qu’il ne gagnerait pas les primaires. Et que son élection – je l’ai dit à l’antenne – provoquerait un eff ondrement des marchés. Après plus de quinze ans dans ce pays et cinq campagnes présidentielles, j’étais pourtant censé bien connaître la politique américaine… En mai et juin 2016, juste avant la présidentielle, j’ai rencontré des dizaines d’Américains de tous bords en tra- versant les États-Unis avec mon épouse par la route du Sud. Alabama, Texas, Arizona… Nous étions partis à la 9 iimp_cadiermp_cadier neronneron a lala maisonmaison blanche.inddblanche.indd 9 009/05/20199/05/2019 15:4215:42 NÉRON À LA MAISON BLANCHE découverte de l’Amérique de Trump, cette Amérique rurale souvent négligée. Arrivés à Los Angeles, la conclu- sion de notre petit blog était que Donald Trump pouvait l’emporter. Puis, de retour à New York, j’ai repris la routine – CNN, New York Times, Twitter, les amis et confrères… Je me suis dit que j’avais rêvé : Hillary ne pouvait pas perdre. Depuis, je m’astreins régulièrement à quitter la « bulle ». À regarder Fox News et écouter quotidienne- ment Rush Limbaugh, l’ultraconservateur qui rugit tous les jours à la radio. À revoir mes amis trumpistes et prendre ma voiture pour, à une heure et demie de Washington, tendre micro et caméra à l’autre Amérique. Pour tenter de comprendre ce mystère. Pourquoi, malgré tous ses travers, Donald Trump ne s’est-il pas eff ondré ? Le but de ce livre est de répondre à cette question en tentant de dresser un bilan, deux ans après son arrivée au pouvoir. Pour les journalistes, « couvrir » Donald Trump pré- sente deux diffi cultés particulières. La première est de ne pas se contenter de dénoncer ses mensonges ; la seconde, de ne pas le laisser détourner notre attention. Gros menteur in chief, Donald Trump a érigé la contrevérité en système. Ses supporters le savent. Ils le savaient avant et ont choisi de voter pour lui malgré tout. Au comble du cynisme, il avait dit : « Même si je tirais sur les gens sur la 5e Avenue, je ne perdrais pas un seul électeur. » Cela semblait vrai en 2016 et l’est encore aujourd’hui. Les médias américains ont commencé à établir des listes sans fi n de ses contrevé- rités – 8 158 mensonges en deux ans selon le Washington Post –, puis ils ont commencé à se lasser. Second écueil : se laisser détourner de l’essentiel, à savoir présenter honnêtement les deux points de vue. Avec ses tweets dès l’aurore, Donald Trump est passé maître dans l’art de détourner l’attention. Il n’a pas inventé les réseaux 10 iimp_cadiermp_cadier neronneron a lala maisonmaison blanche.inddblanche.indd 1010 009/05/20199/05/2019 15:4215:42 PROLOGUE sociaux, mais il en joue à merveille. Tout dans l’excès et l’immédiateté. Pas le temps de réfl échir, d’analyser les diff érents angles de la réforme en cours ou d’un débat au Congrès. Trump souff re d’un grave trouble du défi cit d’attention. Il nous a communiqué le virus. Derrière les breaking news à jet continu, notre eff ort doit consister à discerner les étapes marquantes de la présidence Trump. Le 4 octobre 2018 à Washington, on ne parle que des accusations d’agression sexuelle portées contre le juge can- didat à la Cour suprême, Brett Kavanaugh. Elles seront vite oubliées. Personne ne prête attention, le même jour, au discours du vice-président Mike Pence, véritable décla- ration de guerre froide à la Chine, aux conséquences potentielles incalculables. Deux mois et demi plus tard, le 21 décembre 2018, il n’est question que du shutdown, énième épisode de cette comédie qui consiste à fermer puis rouvrir quelques admi- nistrations, faute d’accord sur le budget fédéral. On note à peine que Donald Trump signe ce jour-là une réforme de la justice carcérale, vraie avancée pour des centaines de milliers d’Américains. Les Américains ont rendu un verdict mitigé en novembre 2018, en permettant à l’opposition démo- crate de conquérir la Chambre des représentants, mais à Trump de garder le Sénat.
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