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Home , Mark Damazer, Reuters, Tim Gardam, Yannis Behrakis

ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16 ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16

02 PREFACE 04 THE YEAR IN REVIEW: • DIRECTOR’S REPORT • RISJ IMPACT AND INFLUENCE 10 THE JOURNALISM FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME • FELLOWS’ FOCUS: GLOBAL ISSUES, FRESH PERSPECTIVES • FELLOWS 24 RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS • DEVELOPING RISJ RESEARCH • DIGITAL PROJECTS • THE EUROPEAN JOURNALISM OBSERVATORY • NORTH AMERICAN ACTIVITIES • RESEARCH PROJECTS • PUBLICATIONS • RESEARCH ASSOCIATES • VISITING FELLOWS 46 EVENTS 56 ABOUT US

Opposite: Pro-democracy protesters rise their yellow umbrellas, the symbol of the Occupy Central movement, as they march to the government headquarters two days before the first anniversary of the Occupy Central civil disobedience movement, in , September 26, 2015. /Tyrone Siu 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 world wouldbebyfar thepoorer. connectedness anddysfunctionality. WithoutRISJ, Oxford’s ability to explain the increasingly aff As Ihandoverto AlanRusbridger, itisclear thatthestudy ofjournalism and itspractice, sorealising itsoriginalvision. countries across theglobeandactsasabridge between thestudy ofjournalism independence into dailycontact withtheReuters Journalist Fellows from 93 restricted by anacademic perspective; rather itbringsacademic analysisand largest research centres inOxford’s SocialSciences Division.However, itisnot has beentheplatform for ahostofothermajorpartners, RISJ isnowoneofthe and long-term visionoftheThomsonReuters Foundation, whosecore funding international perspective onwhichRISJ was founded. Thanksto thegenerosity taking; our Director, RISJ hasbecome atrusted guideto thepathways thatjournalismis but where therate ofchange remains nolessfrenetic. UnderDavidLevy, our influential centres ofitskind,inanage where convergence hasnowtaken place caused bytheprospect ofdigital mediaconvergence. Itisnowoneofthemost – itsvalues, itspractices, anditsbusinessmodels–amidsttheearthquake RISJ was established to bringsomeacademic rigour to thestudy ofjournalism and notsofree societies, are evenmore acute thantheywere. but where thedebates aboutthevalues andmodelsofjournalism,itsrole infree look across alandscape thatisnow, insomesenses,completely transformed impact onitsvalues andsustainability. Adecade aft panic intheworldofjournalismatdisruptiondigital age andthe or4Gmobile.Onlinevideowas initsinfancy. Evenso, there was blind from Harvard; broadband penetration intheUKwas notat25%,there was no was stilleff It isstrikingtorecall what adiff a gleamintheeyewhen Iarrived inOxford2004. been lookingbackat its development sinceit wasjust As IstepdownaschairoftheReuters Institute, Ihave STEERING COMMITTEE CHAIR OF THE TIM GARDAM Digital News Report ects anyunderstanding ofthemodernworld,inallits ectively confined to students, havingjustreached Oxford isanannualfixture, exemplifying thecomparative • erent worldthat was. er ourfoundation, wecan his immenseexperience atthehelmof havenodoubtthatAlanRusbridger willbeanotherextraordinary chairand and productive year to date. has beencrucial.Heleaves theInstitute onahigh:2016was itsmostsuccessful Tim Gardam, whosesteady handfor ten years asChairoftheSteering Committee As theInstitute changes leadership, Iwouldlike to express mydeepestthanksto need to knowthelatest trends indigital consumption. and inparticular can ondigital ignore. newsthatnobodyintheindustry Weall Gardam, RISJ hasgrown steadily andpositioneditself asanauthorityonresearch AndunderthefantasticAlan was right. leadership ofDavidLevy andTim to stand onitsowntwofeet. potential hesawintheReuters Institute –whichwas atthetimestilllearning how who was theEditor-in-Chief ofthe When Itook overtheThomsonReuters Foundation in2008,AlanRusbridger, from ethics to freedom ofspeechto regulation. in-depth research ontopics thatare relevant to theirpeers andto manyothers, It isabeautiful place where theworld’s bestjournalistsgather to conduct in journalism. media industry andtakestockofthediff anybody wanting tounderstandtherevolution inthe Journalism hasbecomeacentre ofexcellence for period oftimetheReuters Institute fortheStudy of Ten years.Remarkable toseehowinsuchashort FOUNDATION CEO, MONIQUE VILLA industry anditspermanentrevolutions. industry research. David Levy and hisexcellent team willmore thanevershedlightonthe Guardian,

• Guardian was thefirst to tell me howmuch willhelpusproduce vital erent trends 3 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 carnival inOlinda, . REUTERS/Ueslei Marcelino Revellers are photographed duringatraditional Maracatu REVIEW THE YEARIN 5 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 6 7 Washington Post and James Harding, Director DIRECTOR of News at the BBC. These gatherings help inform our research and create new networks DAVID LEVY among the attendees. I was pleased to hear from one attendee at the CEO/Editors forum that his organisation was already implementing three ideas from the Oxford discussions held just two months earlier. And of course the research of our journalist fellows is also informed by the huge experience they bring and always provides Elizabeth Frazer, Head of the Department us with fascinating insights on the challenges of Politics and International Relations, who and opportunities they experience in their has always gone the extra mile to help us REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE very diverse media environments. navigate the complexities of Oxford. Finally, to our Administrator, Kate Hanneford- This has also been a very successful year The past year has been one of dramatic expansion Smith who with her expert and committed for the English-language website of the and increased impact for the Institute. There has team has performed miracles in ensuring European Journalism Observatory hosted at that such rapid expansion in our activities been a near doubling in our staffi ng and a record the Institute. Under the editorship of Caroline has been handled so smoothly whilst number of journalist fellows on our very successful Lees, there has been a doubling in traff ic to position than ever to realise our mission the Institute continues to provide such a the site, and in the past year Caroline led two of connecting world-class academic Fellowship Programme, expertly led by James welcoming environment to all our fellows, cross-border collaborative research projects research with the insights and experience Painter, a doubling in the size of the Digital News staff , and many visitors. across the EJO network – one on reporting of practising for the benefit of Report (DNR) to cover 26 countries in 2016 and the of the migration crisis in autumn 2015 and It has also been a year of change, with Tim global journalism in what is a period of rrecruitment of a talented team of researchers to work another on international press reactions to Gardam, the founding Chair of our Steering unprecedented change. oon the newly created Digital News Project (DNP). the 23 June Brexit vote in Britain – both of Committee, stepping down aft er ten years. Opposite page, bottom: Demonstrators wave Syrian which received very wide attention. We are all very sad to see Tim leave and opposition flags as they protest against ’s military Much of our expansion has been made of diff erent sponsors – 13 in 2016 – from immensely grateful to him for all his hard operation in in front of the Russian embassy in , ...at the end of our possible by a generous £5.2m grant from academia and industry, all of whom are Finally, I want to thank our staff , sponsors, work and support, but we are also delighted Germany, October 17, 2015. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch GGoogle’s Digital News Initiative for an treated equally. This year we welcomed and many diff erent stakeholders. I’m This page, above left : Lord Patten at ‘The Future of the BBC’ fi rst decade the that Alan Rusbridger has agreed to take over eexpansion in the countries covered in the the Korea Press Foundation and the particularly grateful to three people. lecture. ©Julia Massey-Stewart Institute is in a and look forward to working with him. This page, above: Jimmy Maymann speaking at the DDNR for the period from August 2015 to Centre d’études sur les médias located To Monique Villa, CEO of the Thomson stronger position than Memorial Lecture. © Rob Judges December 2018. As well as increasing the at Université Laval, Quebec, who have Reuters Foundation, for her continuing I believe that at the end of our first Below: A Syrian refugee family arrives in front of a tavern at a ever to realise our number of European countries covered in supported our expansion into South Korea support and engagement with our work. To decade the Institute is in a stronger beach on the Greek island of Kos. REUTERS/ mission of connecting tthe DNR this has underpinned the creation and Canada respectively. oof the DNP (see page 30). We are delighted world-class One of the main developments this year tto have their support. Alongside this academic research has been the creation of a true research eexpansion much remains unchanged, with community at the Institute. I’m very with the insights tthe report, still expertly led by Nic Newman, grateful to Rasmus Kleis Nielsen for and experience of recognised globally as the place to go to for attracting an accomplished group of iindependent analysis and insight on the practising journalists... researchers, for developing new projects ddigital transition, and supported by a host that connect us with live debates in industry, and for working with his team to lead so many new publications and high- quality research initiatives.

We pride ourselves on our ability to address topical issues in the industry. Examples in the past year include our Annual Memorial lecture by Jimmy Maymann, of AOL, on the move from destination to distributed media, and Lord Patten’s well timed and widely reported lecture on the Future of the BBC.

We also bring together industry leaders to share thinking on current developments, through events such as our CEO and Editor- in-Chief and Directors of Public Service News fora that respectively attracted attendees such as Marty Baron, Editor of the 8 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 KATE HANNEFORD-SMITH IMPACT ANDINFLUENCE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS 17 78 EVENTS 593 ALUMNI FROM 93 COUNTRIES - PRESS COVERAGE OF - PRESSCOVERAGE OF NEWS REPORT 49 THE COUNTRIES COUNTRIES DIGITAL 12.8k FOLLOWERS TWITTER Germany andItaly Belgium, Poland, Spain, , in USA, ,Japan, Speaking engagements Presence International organisation a 21stcentury news challenges inrunning opportunities and for discussions onkey PSBs came to Oxford Heads ofNewsfrom 7 from 14countries and Editors inChiefandCEOs Power Convening Executive ofWPPon Founder andChief • distributed media” from destination to online news Brands on Content andConsumer President ofAOL • Speakers World Class the BBC Trust on former Chairmanof of Barnes, • “News aft Sir MartinSorrell, Jimmy Maymann, “The Future oftheBBC” Lord Patten er Advertising?” “Re-shaping “Re-shaping and media:

9 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 central Istanbul,. REUTERS/Osman Orsal arrest ofthree prominent activists for press freedom, in Demonstrators shoutslogans duringaprotest againstthe PROGRAMME FELLOWSHIP THE JOURNALISM 11 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 12 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 Right top: Above: Right:

Fellows atGTC.

Vivian’s presentation.

Financial Timesvisit support theprogrammeandallowed it tofl sponsors, bothnewandold,who continued to As ever,weremainimmensely grateful toour and onself-censorship inthe Fijian media. obstacles facingwomenjournalistsinAfghanistan; of theopposition mediainTurkey; ontheimmense to have hadfi programme. Thisyearwewereparticularly fortunate of journalistsremainsonethebedrocks The interchange ofexperiencesfromavariedgroup JAMES PAINTER FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME JOURNALISM rst-hand accounts ontheperilous state ourish. to enlarge andconsolidate theireconomic, media owners from bothsideshave tried is aconflict ofinterest. Thejournalists and secular ideologyofthestate. Inessence, it penetration into politicsto protect the supporting theTurkish Armyinits blamed themainstream mediafor The former outlets havetraditionally lost ground. decade whilethemainstream mediahave outlets havelargely increased inthelast conservative orpolitical Islamistmedia society. Thepowerandimpact ofMuslim due to thepolitical polarisationinTurkish evolved into anewphaseanddeepened before thisera, butitsdimensionhas dominance bytheAKP. Rivalry was strong which hasemerged duringthepolitical The problem ofsolidarityis not anewissue and mediaowners inthecountry. thelackofsolidarityamongjournalists not: have beenwidelydiscussed,oneissuehas outlets. Whilemanyaspects oftheissue its suppression ofjournalists andmedia loyal to President Erdoğan intensifies Justice andDevelopmentparty (AKP) debated around theworldasruling Press freedom inTurkey hasbeenhotly Servet Yanatma SOLIDARITY ISSUES PRESS FREEDOM AND THE TURKISHMEDIA: NO SOLIDARITY IN GLOBAL ISSUES,FRESH PERSPECTIVES FELLOWS’ FOCUS: some journalists, andparticularly those who Turkish mediaby thestate. Thepositionof contributed to thevirtual capture ofthe and polarisationthisundoubtedly media solidaritydueto thisconflict In general, there hasbeennoplace for new Turkey’ established bytherulingparty. mainstream medianolonger reflect ‘the Islamist medialargely claimedthatthe Meanwhile, Muslimconservative orpolitical the ‘legitimate’ journalistsofthecountry. media haveusuallyseenthemselvesas exceptions, untilrecently themainstream social, andideological positions.Withsome Above: REUTERS/Osman Orsal. outside parliamentbuildinginAnkara, Turkey. is silhouetted againstaTurkish flagduringademonstration Top: guarantee freedom ofthepress. more solidarityamongsttheirmembers to All inall,theTurkish mediastrongly need aft worked atZaman MediaGroup, changed REUTERS/Murad Sezer. Ozgur Gundemnewspaper incentral Istanbul, Turkey. campaigners for press freedom, infront of the pro-Kurdish during aprotest againstarrest ofthethree prominent of Ahmet Nesin,SebnemKorurFincanci andErol Onderoglu er therulingparty targeted theirgroup.

A supporter ofTurkish President Tayyip Erdoğan

Demonstrators shoutslogansasthey holdpictures • 13 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 142 15 FELLOWS’ FOCUS: JOURNALIST FELLOWS 2015-2016

The impact of recent activist campaigns ranges from influencing parliamentary legislation related to media and environmental laws to halting REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE major municipal and private real estate projects. Key to many of these actions has been the organisers’ use of connective action, technology-assisted repertoires of resistance and documentation, lobbying of Habib Battah politicians, and relationships Rodrigo Carro Sidsel Dalen with the media. Country of origin: Country of origin: Brazil Country of origin: /USA Contemporary activist collectives Place of work: Valor Place of work: Reporter Place of work: in Lebanon are producing Econômico, Brazil Position: Freelancer Independent journalist and advancing issue-focused, Position: Reporter Sponsor: Fritt Ord Position: Investigative reporter Sponsor: Gerda Henkel post-sectarian narratives that Sponsor: Mona Megalli Foundation Research project: contrast with a political culture Fellowship Secrecy Jurisdictions dominated by feudal and military Research project: and Journalistic Research project: elites in power since the end of Brazilian : Investigations: How to Structures of Change the civil war. By organising online The Risk of Becoming Make Tax Havens Part of in Post-War Lebanon: and oft en combining virtual and flooded regions and I had to sit outside all cancer rates among Afghan women for a Irrelevant the Global Discussion? Amplifi ed Activism, ground actions, these collectives BEING A FEMALE night, trying to keep warm, waiting until it BBC Persian health programme, 37 Degrees. call into question the traditional Digital Documentation, Since the early 1950s, the Tax havens undermine an JOURNALIST IN became light enough to file my reports for Thousands of women die in ways in which organisations and Post-Sectarian circulation of paid-for dailies important feature of democracy: BBC Persian and BBC English. because their breast cancer is not diagnosed have been defined in Lebanon AFGHANISTAN Narratives has risen by almost a third equality before the law. The and there are still no facilities or treatment as well as how Lebanese As a female journalist in Afghanistan I have in Brazil, but the number of most prominent feature of tax Bahaar Joya for the condition, either in private or In the shadow of the so- activism has been gauged in newspapers sold per 1,000 tried to enable the voices of women to havens is not tax, but secrecy. government hospitals. called , a digitally academic literature. This study people has suff ered a sharp be heard, reporting on many diff icult and It is a global financial system also provides a more nuanced empowered activism has been drop. This seeming contradiction that facilitates fraud, corruption, dangerous issues. I was the first journalist I was oft en harassed while reporting in the alternative to commonly steadily on the rise in Lebanon. is rooted in the history of the money laundering, and illegal to interview members of a family who had street. Men would ask me why I was not held and somewhat exotified Despite an archaic, sectarian, and country’s print press: its chronic trade. It may be illegal to ask been gang raped in west Kabul. Their inside wearing a veil. Once I was attacked by a expectations for reform in the militia-based political system, a weakness, combined with the questions in such places, story from the hospital was shocking and man with a knife. Despite this, these stories Middle East that oft en pay more series of citizen-led collectives profound social and economic governed by secrecy laws. traumatising. are very important and must be told. attention to regime overthrow • have emerged over recent years improvements of the last 20 Moreover, the channelling of big to tackle various forms of post- than more subtle changes in years, poses a serious threat My best work focused on original Above: Afghan women walk along a street on the outskirts of cash through many countries war state dysfunction, applying political culture and media to the reach and relevance of Before coming to the Reuters Institute I Kabul, Afghanistan. REUTERS/Omar Sobhani makes it very hard to follow the journalism. I recently researched breast substantial pressure on local practices. paid-for dailies. The very same worked as a television reporter for BBC Below: Bahaar presenting her research. money. However, there have decision-makers. factors that recently lift ed tens of Persian, in Kabul, Afghanistan. Working been some leaks that reveal millions out of poverty and into as a female journalist in such a highly what’s going on. The latest is the the new middle class, boosting conservative society is tough. I have . This paper looks circulation to new at how secrecy mechanisms reported during the country’s crucial years, levels, also made room for an have been overcome by means of as it makes the diff icult transition from war increase in the use of digital whistleblowing and journalistic zone to democratic society. goods and services, altering the cooperation across . way Brazilians consume news. I was based in Kabul but travelled to Through coordinated eff orts led many provinces. Afghanistan’s security by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalism (ICIJ), restrictions did not stop me from working tax havens have had a major as a journalist, but practical issues oft en impact on the public debate. made it more diff icult for women reporters. Last April I covered flooding in north Afghanistan. There no hotels, nor anywhere safe to stay overnight in the 16 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 organisational changes. can betaken withoutmajor research focus isonactionthat editors, and management.The is newsrooms: journalists, target group for thepaper changing landscape. Themain way ofdoingthingsinthis in themediaseeasbest and whatdocentral people for thesedemocratic functions, do changes inmediausepose challenges andopportunities , thispaper askswhich leading figures injournalism with18 Based oninterviews for thehealth ofdemocracy. functions insociety important The mediahaveseveral Attention of Media inanAge of Democratic Functions A BestPracticeforthe Country oforigin: Hofseth Tordenskiold Anders 2015-2016 JOURNALIST FELLOWS Research project: Sponsor: Position: Norwegian Broadcasting Place ofwork: Strategic adviser Digital News NRK, NRK,

Norway social justice. and campaign for solidarityand allowing themto buildnetworks understand theirhumanrights, They are helpingwomento are starting to change this. demonstrated thatsocialmedia or discussed.Thisresearch women were rarely disclosed meted outbysociety against women andpunishments In thepast,violence against to socialmediausebywomen. questioned abouttheirattitudes lives. 20Afghan menwere also what impact ithashadontheir about theiruseofsocialmediaand to 100Afghan interview women research method inthispaper was external andinternal scrutiny. The many aspectsofAfghan society to in remote areas. Ithasopened share newsfor thefirst time,even enabling womento access and In Afghanistan, socialmediaare Cultural Taboos on Afghanistan’s Impact ofSocialMedia Research project: Sponsor: Position: P Country ofOrigin: Bahaar Joya lace ofwork TVCorrespondent

BBC BBC : BBC Persian Afghanistan colossal disaster. population to deal withthis negating theeff completelyof thegovernment, infavourwas overwhelmingly based mediacoverage ofevents study concluded thatNewDelhi- by theinternational media.The and mediaframes asrelayed compared withthereporting agencies. Thiscoverage was space for thegovernment wherein itsoughtsympathetic interpreted theground realities -based mediacovered and disaster thattheIndiaorNew frames andreportage ofthe This research analysedthemedia Indian Administered Kashmir. struck thecontested landof a flooddisaster of2010which stories to cover therealities of on howthemediaframed the a comparative research study The research project conducted Kashmir Floods A CaseStudy of the KashmirDispute: Media Propagandaand Research project: Foundation Sponsor: Position Reader Place ofwork: Country oforigin: Wasim Khalid Newspaper : Seniorreporter Thomson Reuters Thomson Reuters orts ofthelocal Kashmir

Kashmir Research project: Broadcast Culture Sponsor: Position: Place ofwork: Country oforigin: Thae-rae Kim absence. some oftheanswers for its broadcast companies provide several representatives ofthe with service. In-depth interviews nowhere to befound intheOTT news consumption, thenews is has ledto adramatic fall in the spread ofthesmartphone where isthenewsinPooq? While soap opera, andmovies.But content suchasentertainment, allowing itto provide avariety of of terrestrial programmes, advantage ofmonopolysupply companies. Pooq holdsthekey the majorKorean broadcasting launched asaunifiedplatform of - an‘OvertheTop’ (OTT) service research paper focuses on‘Pooq’ for abroadcast This journalist. These are frightening words of newinteractive services’. broadcast TVchannelinfavour the death ofthetraditional ‘a revolution thatcould herald in a2007interview. He added: as ‘Father oftheInternet’, stated the mancommonly referred to through theinternet’, VintCerf, the majorityofourtelevision ‘We willsoonbewatching towards theMobile World The Strategic Approach Deputy editor Foundation of

MBC SouthKorea Research project: Austria PressAssociation (APA) Sponsor: International News for Austrian and vital are thecore values of from management.Whatremain What isneedednowsupport and Austrian journalists,theydo. conductedinterviews withBritish (in thefuture)? According to appropriate tool to workwith that networked journalismis an answers. Dojournaliststhink to share facts, questions,and across brands andoldboundaries real story, linkingto each other are workingtogether to get the where professionals andamateurs networked journalism,aconcept this collaboration could looklike is journalists. Onesolutionto what the desire to collaborate with active citizens –anaudience with Journalists are facing anera of (in theFuture)? Tool toWork with is anAppropriate Networked Journalism Journalists Thinkthat or ClarkKent: Do Being aSuperhero in theDigital Age. The Role ofJournalism Position: Nachrichten Place ofwork: Country oforigin: Anja Kroll 2015-2016 JOURNALIST FELLOWS

Head ofdepartment Geiringer Fellowship, Salzburger Salzburger Austria publications related to national allows theauthorities to prevent has riseninthecountry which gag orders andsuper-injunctions last twodecades, asystem of is intensive Inthe andfrequent. characteristics andsecurityrisks friction between democratic in –acountry where the process isespeciallynoticeable media regulation methods. The which underminestraditional advancement oftechnology terror concerns andthe growing dueto global the globe.Thesetensions are tensions indemocracies around have historically caused major and nationalsecurityinterests Clashes between press freedom Orders inIsrael The RiseofGagging The State vsThePress: Place ofwork: Country oforigin: Noa Landau digital age. place for ‘good journalism’inthe and education, there willbea the appropriate tools, guidance, and editors provide themwith journalists stickto theserules, and won’tbecome obsolete. If that haveexisted for decades – fundamentals ofverification pack, analyse,andcomment journalism: to filter, check, edit, Position: Research project: Foundation Sponsor: English edition Editor of Thomson Reuters Thomson Reuters

Haaretz Israel Haaretz

According to her, theseskillsare and project management skills. learning product development challenges can beovercome by mistakes. Lehtniemi argues these diff groups inmediahouses,and(3) (2) isolationofprofessional (1) diff classifies three mainchallenges: a diff professional group comes from is notwithoutchallenges aseach interdisciplinary teams however, The workinmulti-skilledor and designers to worktogether. a needfor developers, journalists, audiences andadvertisers, there is digital journalismgrows among As theappetite for more engaging Journalism Teamwork Multi-Skilled Digital Best Practicesin Research project: Foundation Sponsor: Place ofwork: Country oforigin: Ninni Lehtniemi finishing theprogramme. the EnglisheditionofHaaretz soonaft Noa wasappointed as thenew editor of no state bodymonitors them. but occurring week, almostevery were submitted in2015alone, 231 requests for gag orders in thispaper for thefirst time, According to thefigures revealed scope ofthisgrowing phenomenon. research examines theroots and security orcriminalcases. The erent attitudes towards making erent culture. The paper erent concepts oftime, Helsingin Sanomat Freelancer Finland

er er Research project: Foundation Sponsor: Position: censorship. existing government systems of public accounts andpre- the relationship between Wechat opinion? The paper alsoexamines in shapingandguidingpublic inChina Weibo (microblogging) news publicaccounts replaced how andwhyhaveWechat answer thefollowing questions: landscape inChina.Ittriesto platform haschanged themedia how theriseofWechatpublic This research mainlyfocuses on into common usage lastyear. Chinese term zimeiti,whichcame media’ isaloosetranslation ofthe media platform. Theterm ‘We Wechat isanewChinesesocial The mobilemessagingapp Landscape? the Traditional Media Media Wechat Changed Home-Grown Social How hasChina’s Place ofwork: Country oforigin: Chen Liang code or‘speak code’. more important thanlearning to Thomson Reuters Thomson Reuters Senior journalist Senior journalist China

17 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 18 19 FELLOWS’ VOICES REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

The course made me aware of the changes taking place in the me It has been a Home of friendship dia industry and also An opportunity to mental explosion of and prestigious seminars helped me to refl ect on what renew my knowledge knowledge, British culture for the latest journalism I am doing in my job. and to learn about the and having wonderful trends and discussions. (Swami, India) latest tendencies in new friends from all Great honour to be a journalism. over the world. fellow here. Rodrigo Anne Servet

Through the If you are lucky fellowship, I was able to enough to have see the present and future participated in the of journalism, and also programme then wherever meet the professionals you go for the rest of your who are leading it. life, it stays with you. Sunny Louis

A digital media The best part of recipe fl avoured with my time in the fellowship seminars and personalised was meeting new friends punting lessons: refl ective and expert journalists and memorable. from all around the world. Shrenik Roula

A combination of ...an opportunity to ...an immensely rich the Oxford University refl ect on my work as a environment for grappling learning environment journalist,...it strengthened with how journalism could and the impressive crop my belief in the mission try to tackle the future. of fellows made it so of journalism. Anders worthwhile. Ville James 20 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14’15-’16 social culture ineach ofthethree civil society, andthediversity of factors, thedevelopmentof These conditions includepolitical with crowd-funding journalism. distinct conditions thatare atplay cultural account. Itexamines the provides asociological and Contributoria (UK)–thispaper (China), weReport (), and journalism platforms –zhongchou representative crowd-funding comparative analysisofthree and in-depth interviews, the UK.Through case studies, regions: China,Taiwan, and three diff of crowd-funding journalismin This research studies thepractice Taiwan, andtheUK Journalism inChina, of Crowd-Funding A Comparative Study Country oforigin: Zichao Liu 2015-2016 JOURNALIST FELLOWS Place ofwork: Research project: Foundation Sponsor: Position: People Weekly erent countries and Chiefwriter Open Society Open Society

Southern Southern , China

China goal isto foresee howcrowd- journalism globally. Theultimate changing thebusinessmodelof crowd-funding journalismhasfor paper analyseswhatpotential Through thisexamination, the journalism ineach country. the developmentofcrowd-funding identify theobstacles confronting countries. Theinvestigations also experience andobservations Hong Kong mediaprofessionals’ provide anexclusive insightinto previous findings,aimsto This paper, based inpart on Media Practice Weakened Hong Kong Legislation has of Information (FOI) Absence ofFreedom Government: How the The RisksofNon-Open Research project: Sponsor: feature journalist Position: Place ofwork: Country oforigin: Wen Lu in China. the developmentofjournalism funding journalismmaypromote Lion Rock Investigative and Freelance Freelance

Hong Kong governments maintain their with adilemma.CanWestern presents liberal democracies of data bygovernments bulk collection The mandatory United Kingdom of andthe a Comparative Study Snowden Legislation- Journalism andPost Broken Democracy: Bulk Collection, Research project: Sponsor: Current Aff Position: Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) Place ofwork: Country oforigin: Lisa Main reporters anddata journalists. information suchasinvestigative who rely cruciallyondata and journalists, especiallythose FOI lawaff on exactly howtheabsence of in-depth media-angledanalysis new legislation onFOI. Itisan emphasises theneedto pass on Access to Information and shortcomings ofthe1995Code information. Itdemonstrates the relating to accessing off ects thepractice of Editor, Digital ABC airs airs Australian

Australia icial data retention. those responsible for oversight of experts, newseditors aswell enforcement agencies, legal a former intelligence chief, law variety ofstakeholders, including analysis isdiscussedwithawide intelligence-sharing group. Legal both are members oftheFiveEyes parliamentary democracies and the United Kingdom. Bothare liberal democracies, Australia and bulk-collection regimes intwo retention ofdata. Itcompares governing themandatory era, thispaper examines legislation Focusing onthepost-Snowden ‘chilling eff in what’s oft likely to come forward, resulting be easily identifiedtheyare less whistleblowers knowtheycan and documented. Ifsources or iswellknown damaging story to uncover thesource ofa The temptation ofgovernments maintaining aninformal check. reporters are charged with authoritiesonwhosepower very by thestate –indeed,bythe recorded andcan beaccessed a journalistandtheirsource is means communication between trade? Bulkdata collection principles ofthejournalism compromising thefundamental regimes, whilstsimultaneously democratic from lesssavoury something thatdistinguishesthem commitment to afree press, ect’. en referred to asthe Research project: Foundation Sponsor: professional and communications essence ofpower. the state ofdemocracy, andthe societies, themediaenvironment, the UKtells usalotaboutboth scandals diff comparison between howpolitical of themostcrucialresources. A resignation -hasbecome one oft be demolishedindaysasscandals which takes years to buildandmay To politicians,agood reputation - interest in politicians’ private lives. while inFinlandthere isagrowing sex scandals seemsto beover, the UK,golden age of‘sleazy’ has changed inbothcountries: in this increase? Themediaculture increased. Whatare thereasons for when political scandals rapidly UK andthe1980sinFinland, intense from the1960sin development was especially since WorldWar II.The Politics hasbecome personalised Cultures Diff How DotheMedia Finland andintheUK: Political Scandalsin Position: Country oforigin: Anne Moilanen 2015-2016 JOURNALIST FELLOWS en endwithaminister’s

Freelance journalist Freelance journalist Helsingin Sanomat er in Finland and er inFinlandand er?

Finland journalists’ work. and whatfactors are influentialon censorship worksinnewsrooms, are to self-censor, howself- how willingFiji’s mediaworkers The research attempts to answer to reform themediaindustry. described itslawsasanattempt issues evenastherulingpowers Fiji, exacerbating press freedom a mediadecree was enforced in Fiji to democratic rule.In2010, general electionthatreturned focus ontheperiodaft December 2006,withaparticular years following itsfourth coup in among Fiji’s journalistsinthe censorship anditscharacteristics perceptions andpractice ofself- The study examines the Media Freedom inFiji Self-Censorship and Perceptions of Research project: Foundation Sponsor: Position: Media Limited Place ofwork: Country oforigin: Ricardo Morris Publisher/editor Thomson Reuters Thomson Reuters Republika Republika Fiji er the 2014 er the2014 globally? on theconflict inSyriaand have theychanged perspectives have beenableto get out? How and thealternative stories they through boththeirtechniques reshaped themedialandscape them? Mostofall,howhavethey and howare theyresponding to what threats are theyfacing; they; whatmethods dotheyuse; new alternative media:whoare of thecurrent situation ofthis build upanaccurate picture and outsideSyriainorder to media activistnetworks within research paper looksatthese both EnglishandArabic. This as AlArabiya andAlJazeera, in international mediaoutlets, such appears regularly onArabic and and impartiality. Theirwork the linesbetween partisanship journalists andsources, blurring Syrian youthsare nowboth Outside Syria Networks Within and Media Activist Research project: Foundations Sponsor: journalist/producer Position: Place ofwork: Country oforigin: Roula Nasrallah Freelance Freelance Saïd and Asfari Saïd andAsfari

Syria Research project: Sponsor: on business/specialprojects growing audience. have created among their economic impacts thesestations particularly focused onthe information. Theresearch was traditionally excluded from segments ofthepopulation driving information to certain these stations haveplayedin for therapid growth andtherole It seeksto findoutthereason the airwaves’ two decades ago. in since the‘liberation of development ofvernacularradio on examining therapid This research was focused Kenyan Media Scene the Gradually Evolving Vernacular Radioin The Emergenceof Position: Media Group Place ofwork: Country oforigin: Edwin Okoth Newspaper Wincott Foundation Nation Kenya

reporter reporter 21 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 22 23 JOURNALIST FELLOWS JOURNALIST FELLOWS 2015-2016 2015-2016 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

Shrenik N. Rao Reiko Saisho Ville Seuri Hiroyuki James Tumusiime Servet Yanatma Jisun Youm Takahashi Country of origin: India Country of origin: Japan Country of origin: Finland Country of origin: Uganda Country of origin: Turkey Country of origin: South Korea Place of work: 7 Media Place of work: NHK Place of work: Helsingin Country of origin: Japan Place of work: Place of work: Formerly Place of work: Korean Broadcasting Pvt Ltd Position: International Sanomat newspaper Place of work: , Japan Media Ltd Zaman Daily, Turkey Broadcasting System Position: Managing director news desk Position: Deputy Chief Position: Staff writer Position: Managing Position: Diplomatic Position: Television producer Sponsor: 7 Media Sponsor: Self-funded/NHK Subeditor Sponsor: Self-funded Director/Editor correspondent Sponsor: Foundation for Broadcasting Pvt Ltd Sponsor: Helsingin Sponsor: Thomson Sponsor: Thomson Broadcast Culture Research project: Research project: Reuters Foundation Reuters Foundation Research project: Sanomat Foundation Accuracy or Speed in a Reporting Risk: Research project: Beyond Bricks and Research project: Time of Crisis? Research project: Media Coverage of Research project: Food Programming Mortar: Mechanics of How to Lead Innovation A Non-Profi t Approach Media Capture and in Public Service Among the many principles Radioactivity and its Building a Global News and Still Keep the to Market-Driven Advertising in Turkey: of journalism, ‘accuracy Health Implications in Broadcasters Brand in the Digital Age Newsroom Working Journalism Challenges The Impact of the State versus speed’ has long posed the Fukushima Nuclear in Uganda: A Case on News Food has always been an essential a challenge to editors. 24/7 News organisations all around the Disaster What does Vice, a punk magazine Study of Uganda Radio part of television programming. All which started in Montreal in rolling news channels destroyed world are faced with a very diff icult The paper examines the the public television broadcasters When a nuclear accident happens, Network the deadlines that journalists task of reinventing themselves at distribution of advertising for 1990s, have in common with journalists have to face up to the have their own army of celebrity used to work to, and now mass the same time as their old business newspapers and the impact the , a financial probability and uncertainty of the Traditional media models have over chefs teaching the public how to self-communication tools have is eroding. This places enormous of the government on this newspaper which started in health risks related to radiation the last decade or so been disrupted cook and travelling around the accelerated that cycle even more. demands on editors at diff erent allocation, particularly through in 1880s? At first glance, exposure, which is still scientifically by modern digital technology. While world presenting cuisines. It always In times of crisis, communication levels of the newsroom, since they off icial announcements, public they do not seem to share much. controversial. Predictably, good-quality content is costly to has been the role of television to becomes highly dynamic; with are the ones who are responsible firms and companies loyal to the One commonality, though, is that newsrooms tend to be cautious produce, digital platforms make inform, educate, and entertain the a push of a button, footage and both for refining the ideas of ruling party in the last decade they are both multi-billion dollar, about these risks in order to avoid it easily and cheaply accessible, public with the food recipes and witness accounts spread rapidly, their team members into new in controlling the newspapers. global news brands. By studying social turmoil. For this reason, a rendering the traditional news cultures. But with the web and together with emotions. This innovations and for making sure Using independently measured these two news brands, this journalist who is news-gathering business almost obsolete. As a result, mobile taking over the role, why is research paper analyses how the teams keep producing news. data showing the distribution of paper comes up with a complex at the scene, especially an journalism is increasingly pandering it still a public service broadcaster’s public broadcasters in the UK These two tasks require such advertising space, this research recipe for success, which shares inexperienced journalist, will tend to market forces to survive and thrive. role? This paper seeks to find the and Japan struggle to pursue two diff erent skill-sets that it may seem uncovers how advertising has essential ingredients and the art to follow the newsroom’s decision To safeguard quality journalism new approach PSBs should take on goals: to be fast in order to be impossible to combine them, but been used either to reward the of creating a global news brand. and underestimate risk rather than in this context, there is a need to food programming, focusing on relevant, but also to be accurate this paper tries to find out the best pro-government newspapers or overestimating it. However, in the develop a diff erent support system adding more entertainment and to maintain the trust of the way to do it. Drawing on interviews punish the critical dailies. Aft er case of a nuclear accident, it is for independent news organisations. journalistic values to its content. audience. It relies primarily on with editors from various British the Gezi Protests and the massive important for the media to conduct This study looks at non-profit And in the end it tries to answer the two cases: the London bombings news organisations and on corruption investigation in 2013, an analysis and report the risk of journalism as an option, focusing big question, what really is the role for the BBC and the mega quake literature on the management of this policy has become more radiation exposure by supposing a on Uganda Radio Network (URN). of public television? for NHK. In particular, it looks innovation, the paper presents a dominant and remarkable. The worst-case scenario. However, the study finds that non- into how the organisations simple six-point solution to try out profits are not necessarily a panacea interviews with leading editors changed their practices aft er in any work as an editor. as sustainability is a major concern. also support the hard data and their initial failures. how the system works. 24 25 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS

A woman holds a parasol as she stands in a field of fireweed, or Kochia scoparia, on a sunny autumn day at the Hitachi Seaside Park in Hitachinaka, north of . REUTERS/Thomas 26 27 Opposite page: Ville Seuri’s final presentation. DEVELOPING Left : Journalists hold photos of the journalist Francisco Pacheco Beltran during a demonstration to demand justice RISJ RESEARCH for his murder on April 25 in Taxco, in Guerrero state, at Z ocalo square in Mexico City, Mexico, April 27, 2016. REUTERS/Edgard Garrido RASMUS KLEIS NIELSEN, Below: ’s National League for Democracy Party leader speaks to media about the DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH upcoming general elections, during a news conference at her home in November 5, 2015. REUTERS/Jorge Silva. REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

additional qualitative research on how both journalism. We also have a book forthcoming beyond the Western world. As important as The second is a set of projects we are Q: How do you look news users and are navigating on journalism in an age of terror written by it is to understand what is going on in doing in India to understand how diff erent back on the research the this changing environment. This has made it . and North America, I’m deeply committed to news organisations there are adapting to a possible for us to produce a range of reports I make no Institute has conducted the Institute’s global orientation and mission, rapidly digitising media environment in a over the last year? on everything from the use of audience and I am very glad that we are pursuing context that is very diff erent from that of, apologies for us taking analytics over the future of television news Q: What are the most several pilot projects with the aim of building say, the UK or the US, and in many ways on one of the central to developments in public service media exciting research activities towards a broader geographic profile in more indicative of the state of aff airs in A: The last year has shown both the across Europe that provide a much deeper lined up for the next year? our research. much of the world. challenges facing importance of and interest in our work. Our understanding of diff erences and similarities The first is an extension of our Digital News The challenge ahead for us is to pursue these journalism and news annual Digital News Report has grown to cover in how digital news is evolving, helping media Report to cover additional markets in the research projects in a way that contributes 26 countries in 2016 and the report is being professionals, policymakers, and researchers A: We will continue both the Digital media today, that Asia-Pacific region, adding Hong Kong, to our core mission of connecting rigorous picked up across the world as a crucial point navigate the changes underway. News Report and the Digital News Project Malaysia, Singapore, and Taiwan to the research from a range of diff erent fields with of understanding of reference and source of evidence for media I mentioned above. These are large, In parallel with these two projects, we countries already covered. These markets are the substantial issues facing journalism and and adapting to an professionals, policymakers, and researchers. important projects with a range of partners are pursuing our Digital Intermediaries really interesting because they are in many news media around the world, and to do that in We have presented the research at both and sponsors that we look forward to increasingly digital Project focused on the relationship ways more technologically developed than a timely and engaging way where we connect industry conferences and academic events in developing further. media environment. between technology companies and news much of Europe and North America and the research we do with our core constituencies a dozen countries, and we are working here Beyond that, I am particularly looking organisations, and this too is generating also quite diff erent. in journalism, the media industry, amongst at the Institute and with outside partners on forward to expanding our research activities considerable interest, with events and policymakers, and beyond. further in-depth analysis of the data. presentations at the International Journalism • Furthermore, a large grant from Google has Festival as well as various academic enabled the launch of our new Digital News conferences. All these projects are enabling Project which builds upon the Digital News us to build a strong team of researchers with Report by adding more countries and, critically, complementary skills here in Oxford, and have greatly enhanced our ability to connect rigorous research with substantial issues facing journalism and news media in a timely way.

Q: So is it all digital news all the time? What about journalism?

A: I make no apologies for us taking on one of the central challenges facing journalism and news media today, that of understanding and adapting to an increasingly digital media environment.

But it is, of course, far from the only area in which we support research. Dr James Painter is continuing his work on and environment reporting. Professor Robert G. Picard and our Director David Levy have each led teams analysing news coverage of, respectively, the Eurocrisis and the EU Referendum in the UK. We have published a book on The Kidnapping of Journalists which deals with a rather more analogue challenge to 28 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14’15-’16 collaborative research project forward over the nexttwo years. truly international, excited totake this comparative, and We are very DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH RASMUS KLEISNIELSEN, DIGITAL NEWSPROJECT • The annual Project are asfollows. The core components oftheDigital News navigating achangingenvironment. news organisations indiff to systematically research howdiff more qualitative andbyenablingus work, our quantitative research onnewsusewith of newsmediause,byletting ussupplement number ofcountries covered inoursurvey annual The project buildsonandextends our from Google’s Digital News Initiative. Institute haseverhosted,andisfundedbyagrant changes. It isthebiggestresearchprojectReuters and hownewsorganisations areadapting tothese media andnewsuseischangingacrossEurope The Digital News Project newsisabundantand easily accessible. newsavoidance inan environment where specifically atthephenomenon of DrBenjamin Toff andmanymore. Thisyear, wehave players ofissueslike climate change, video, thecoverage produced bynew television news,theriseofonlinenews newsrooms, thechallenges confronting includingtheuseofanalyticsin central to achangingenvironment, focused Deep-dives onspecificissues • DrTom Nicholls. strategies for journalism,ledby neweditorial, distribution,andfunding organisations inEurope are developing Research news onhowonline-only • adapting,ledbyDrAnnika Sehl. Research onhowpublicservice mediaare • adapting,ledbyDrAlessioCornia. broadcasters andnewspapers are newsorganisations like commercial Research onhowprivate sector legacy • thecountries covered. aswellournetwork ofpartners across Fletcher andDrAntonis Kalogeropoulos NicNewman,workingwithDrRichard Digital News Report Digital News Report workingwithusto look erent countries are by expanding the erent , led by , ledby focuses onhowdigital journalism inEurope andbeyond. key challenges andopportunities ahead for us amore in-depthunderstanding ofthe strategic andtactical responses willgive perception ofnews,andnewsorganisations’ of newsuse,audiences experience and years. Together, abetter understanding research project forward overthenext two international, comparative, andcollaborative excitedWe are very to take thistruly academic communities. the mediaindustry, policymakers, andvarious constituencies inthejournalisticprofession, importantly –helpedusengage withourkey dozen research publications and–more has already resulted inmore thanhalfa In itsfirst year, theDigital NewsProject Research andEducation Association. Research, andtheEuropean Communication Association for MediaandCommunication Communication Association,theInternational in theworld,includingInternational by someofthemostimportant institutions work atacademic conferences organised In addition,wehavepresented ourongoing and manyothers. theInternational JournalismFestival,Summit, Times eventsincludingatthe industry via socialmedia,andatprofessional and reports available for free download, promoted accessible formats andatimelymanner, with and promoting ongoing research results in therefore invested in continually publishing news mediaaround theworld.Wehave with theissuesfaced byjournalismand Institute’s missionto connect research The project ispursued inlinewiththeReuters , theGeneral Editors’ Network 2016 Financial Financial • over 50,000peoplein 26 countries. We surveyed NIC NEWMAN 2016 DIGITAL NEWS REPORT looked indetail attheimportance oftrustandtherole ofbrands. the findings. We alsocombined thekey data pointswithaseriesofessays,whichaddeddepthandcontext to more abouthowpeoplediscover andconsume content inamore distributed newsenvironment. to conduct anumberoffocus groups infour countries (UK,US, Germany, andSpain) to understand Brazil, andJapan, for whichhavebeenpart sometime.Alsothisyear, ofoursurvey wewere able the bulkofourpolling–butweaddedCanadaandSouthKorea to theUnited States, Australia, countriesc –more thantwice asmanylastyear. Ourkey focus remains inEurope, where wedid news consumptionn across countries over50,000peopleintwenty-six andovertime.Wesurveyed T This year’s report marked astep-change interms ofboththescale andscope ofourresearch into Lead author:L P C F I Polling wasconducted by: Canberra, Centre d’études surlesmédias,Université Laval, Canada. Foundation, EdelmanUK,HansBredowInstitute, University ofNavarra, University of Industry Research Foundation, Finland, Fritt OrdFoundation, Norway, Korea Press Sponsors:S Photos: ©Julia Massey-Stewart Google,BBC,,BroadcastingAuthority ofIreland(BAI),Media Times Nic Newman

CEO MarkThompsonreflected onthebusinesschallenges andwe YouGov

29 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 30 31

DIGITAL NEWS REPORT Smartphone news use Changing device use in UK 2012-16 2016 surges, tablet levels off –Rise of Mobile (main source) Over half of all respondents (53%) said they QUK8b6_5. used a smartphone to access news, with You’ve said you use the following devices some of the highest levels in Sweden (69%), to access news in the Korea (66%), and Switzerland (61%). Average last week, which is weekly usage has grown from 44 to 48% in your MAIN way of the US and from 42 to 46% in the UK where accessing online the number saying they mainly use a mobile news? device for news has overtaken computers and laptops for the first time. By contrast weekly tablet usage for news has fallen in REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE the UK with growth slowing elsewhere. ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

Main conclusions Top social networks for news (all countries) Many of the hardest hit publishers have been Despite these trends, the report highlights the The main trend emerging from this year’s Business problems mount those who depend on digital advertising, where continuing importance of a number of ‘anchor revenues have weakened due to the move to news brands’ with a strong journalistic track data was the growing importance of social Facebook Use for all In most of the countries covered by the report 44 smaller mobile screens, the ability of Silicon record, which are valued by users as a critical platforms in how we discover, consume, For news we see a common picture of job losses, cost- Valley tech giants to attract the majority of source of trusted news. Although aggregators and distribute news. Half of all online users cutting, and missed targets as falling print YouTube new advertising, and the rise of ad-blocking. and social media are important gateways surveyed (51%) said they used social media 19 revenues combine with the brutal economics The report notes that ad-blocking is running at to news, most of the content consumed still as a source of news each week, with around of digital in a perfect storm. Sales of printed between 10% (Japan) and 38% (Poland), but is comes from newspaper groups, broadcasters, one in ten (12%) using it as their main source. Twitter newspapers have continued to fall but this 10 much higher amongst under-35s. or digital born brands that have invested in The report shows the increasingly influential year’s data show little increase in the proportion role played by Facebook in the distribution of original content. WhatsApp Use for news prepared to pay for online news content. online news, with 44% using the network to 8 find, read, watch, share, or comment on the news each week – more than twice that of its Google+ 5 Widespread use of ad-blocking across markets nearest rival. 50% LinkedIn U35 Ad-Blocking 3 UP Poland 56% 40% 51% 44% Germany 39% 3 30% Pinterest 1 20% 1 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Algorithms vs editors ‘I am happy for news to be selected for me based on...’ QAD3. And do you currently use software on any of your personal devices (e.g. laptop, smartphone, etc.) that allows you to block adverts on the internet (e.g. Adblock Plus)? Base: Total sample in each country A generation that prefers the news to be selected by computers rather than humans is

emerging with surprising speed. The research shows that many consumers are more Impact of the research comfortable with choices decided by algorithms Over the last five years, the Digital News Report has become increasingly influential amongst rather than by editors or journalists – especially media executives, policymakers, academics, and journalists. The report generated over 250 if based on personal reading history. At the articles in 49 countries, including coverage in the Financial Times, , Le Monde, same time, online users expressed concern the Irish Times, Die Presse, Nieman Lab, and the Columbia Journalism Review. about the consequences of more personalised news, with the British amongst those who most In addition to the London launch on 15 June, there were events in New York, Helsinki, fear that key information (65%) or challenging Dublin, , , and , as well as those organised locally by academic partners. Automatically Judgement of Automatically based viewpoints (61%) might be lost in an based on what editors or on what my friends Seven country-specific reports have been produced by international partners with algorithmically driven filter bubble. Germans, I’ve read before journalists have consumed others planned. Austrians, and Koreans were more concerned • about the privacy implications of personalised and algorithmically driven news. 322 33 THE EUROPEAN NORTH AMERICAN JOURNALISM ACTIVITIES OBSERVATORY INCREASED LINKS CAROLINE LEES AND RESEARCH COLLABORATION REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

The EJO is an RISJ works with 13 research institutes in ten Wired, New York Public Radio, Poynter Institute, The Institute’s eff orts to increase contacts and international network countries, including the Università della Svizzera and other major European media outlets. cooperation with North American journalists and italiana, Lugano; the Erich-Brost Institut, The second collaborative project, Will it Kill of media academics and University of Dortmund; the National University Us or Make Us Stronger? How Europe’s Media media scholars made signifi cant progress this past journalists. It aims to of -Mohyla Academy, Kiev; Charles Covered Brexit, compared coverage of the UK’s year. The initiative is working to increase awareness foster professionalism, University, Prague; the Media Development referendum result across newspapers in 14 of RISJ activities and publications and encourage Centre, ; and the School of Journalism countries, including Europe and the US and also press freedom and and Communication, University of Oregon, received widespread coverage. research collaboration and exchange. Eugene. The EJO publishes its work in 13 collaboration, but also to The EJO English platform has published articles During the past year a joint research project Communication, University of Pennsylvania, languages, through websites based in , share research results and by well-known journalists, professional media with the Information Society Project, Yale and will be completed late in 2016. Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Poland, analysts, and academics, including Emily Law School, Yale University, was completed promote communication Portugal, , Serbia, UK, and . As part of its awareness activities, RISJ Bell, Director of the Tow Center for Digital and published as part of the initiative. It New Russian and Arabic language platforms exhibited its publications and discussed between European media Journalism; Richard Sambrook, Professor of compares charity and tax laws in Australia, were recently launched. scholarly activities and opportunities researchers and the Journalism at Cardiff University; Mark Blach- Canada, Ireland, United Kingdom, and the with scholars attending the Association Articles about media issues, shared and Oersten, Professor of Journalism at Roskilde , their eff ects on not-for-profit English-speaking world. for Education in Journalism and Mass translated by EJO network partners, have University; and Ian Burrell, media analyst journalism, and suggests revisions that would Communication Annual Conference in San reached increasingly larger audiences via and columnist for The Drum. Topics covered help improve operations of not-for-profit new Francisco and the Canadian Communication the English EJO site. Two recent journalistic include internet ownership, newsroom metrics, enterprises. A new project on principles for Association in Calgary. Connections research projects, coordinated by the English ethics, diversity, digitalisation, press freedom, contemporary media and communications with media organisations including the EJO, gained international media attention. The propaganda, ad-blockers, the role of social policymaking is being jointly conducted Newspaper Association of America, Society first, How the Media Reported Europe’s Migration media in news, censorship, and the safety of with Victor Pickard, Annenberg School of of Professional Journalists, Reporters sans Crisis, was published in November 2015 and journalists.

compared coverage across eight countries. It The site has increased its reach, particularly by was widely discussed in the media, including building an extensive and active presence on such outlets as the Guardian, Washington Post, social media and by having its articles regularly picked up and shared by popular international media research and news websites. These include Thomson Reuters, Nieman Lab, journalism.co.uk, and the Pew Research Center. A number of RISJ journalist fellows have also contributed articles about their original research to the site.

RISJ aims to build on the EJO’s growing audience. The website will continue to publish the latest research into the rapidly changing media industry, issues around press freedom, and professional concerns, both in Europe and beyond. It plans to build further on its current success in reaching practising journalists and attracting well-known contributors from the profession, as well as from academia. •

Left : An anti-government demonstrator waves a Greek flag outside the parliament during a protest in , Greece. REUTERS/Yannis Behrakis

A woman walks with an umbrella in the rain past a U.S. flag painted on a building in the Manhattan borough of New York. REUTERS/Carlo Allegri 342 35 RESEARCH PROJECTS REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

Press coverage of the UK EU Referendum

Sponsors: Reuters Institute and PRIME Research Authors: David A. L. Levy, Billur Aslan, and Diego Bironzo

This research project set out to assess how the British press covered the EU referendum and to understand the issues deployed on each side of the argument. The project involved a close collaboration between PRIME Research, media insight specialists, and the Reuters Institute. Working against jointly agreed criteria, PRIME Research classified all referendum-related press coverage for each Tuesday and Saturday across nine national UK newspapers in the four-month period from 20 February to 23 June. Interim findings for the first two months of coverage, released one month before the referendum on 23 May, attracted a great deal of attention. The final report covering all four months of the campaign showed a clear skewing of coverage in favour of the Leave position (41% Leave versus 27% Remain, not including articles that had no position or were undecided) and the dominance of Conservative voices among the UK politicians cited in the newspapers – 64% as against just 17% Labour voices. Further work led to a chapter in a book produced just ten days aft er the referendum titled ‘EU Referendum Analysis 2016: Media, Voters and the Campaign’, published by the Universities of Bournemouth and Loughborough, together with the UK Political Studies Association. David Levy presented the emerging findings at a pre-Conference of the International Association for Media and Communication Research in Leicester on 27 July. The full report was launched at an event in London in September 2016. Frontières, International New Media Marketing The North American activities helped bring Association, and New England Newspaper Canada into the Digital News Report project and Press Association were solidified during through the Centre d’études sur les médias the year. The initiative led to contacts with located at Université Laval in Quebec, The increasing the Shorenstein Center for Press and Politics, which is producing detailed analysis of the North American Harvard University, and Knight Science Canadian data.

Journalism Fellowships at Massachusetts contacts and recruitment The increasing North American contacts and Institute of Technology, where potential future recruitment were instrumental in bringing were instrumental collaborations are being explored, and with Charles Lewis and Mary Lynn Young to Oxford in expanding the the US State Department and on as visiting fellows at RISJ this past year, issues involving the prevention of seizure of participation of North expanding the participation of North American journalists and the recovery of those scholars and journalists in that programme. American scholars held captive. and journalists in the Above: U.S. President (L) stands with programme. during an ceremony for the pope at the White House in Washington September 23, 2015. REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst.

This page: An EU flag is seen through a British Union flag during a pro-EU referendum event at Parliament Square in London. REUTERS/Neil Hall. 362 37 organisations and diff erent technology events and academic conferences and the first The Digital companies. Based on interviews and other publications are in the pipeline. While some Intermediaries Project material, we look at how these relationships news organisations have in the past tried very have developed over time as technology aggressively to confront technology companies, Sponsors: The Tietgen Award/DSEB companies have become more important our research suggest they are increasingly Lead researchers: Rasmus Kleis Nielsen and launched new products like Facebook seeking active collaboration or settling for and Sarah Ganter Instant Articles and Google AMP and as news coexistence, and working to find ways of organisations with diff erent editorial priorities benefiting from the various and oft en very Today, more people get news via large and business models have worked to adapt to a diff erent news-related products and formats technology companies like Facebook and changing media environment. technology companies are developing and the Google than via any media organisation. potentially very large audiences they can Social media, search engines, and increasingly The research is under way, with several enable news organisations to reach. messaging apps are becoming more and more preliminary results presented both at industry integral to how people find and access news. REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE Most of the news content is still produced ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE by professional journalists working for news organisations. But the ways in which users discover it, how content is distributed, where decisions are made on what to display (and what not), and who profits from our behaviour, are changing, and rapidly so, as technology companies with millions and in some cases billions of users develop, test, and roll out more and more news-related features and products.

This project focuses on how news organisations have adapted to the increasingly important role of digital intermediaries, and how these large technology companies think about and handle the role they play when it comes to news. In the project, we examine and compare developments in , Germany, the UK, and the US looking at diff erent types of news Digital Journalism in India

New Players and Lead researcher: Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Environment Reporting It took 15 years to get the first 100 million Indians Sponsors: The European Climate online, three more years to reach 200 million, Foundation, the Energy Foundation, one more year to reach 300 million, and then Digital News Project/Google Digital another year to reach 400 million in early 2016. News Initiative Driven by the rapid spread of cheap smartphones Lead researcher: James Painter and mobile connectivity, many observers expect to see India pass the half-billion user mark before This project focuses on the provision, content, the year is out. and consumption of information about the environment in six countries (France, Germany, To better understand the implications for news Poland, Spain, the UK, and the USA), with a in India and more broadly to examine how particular focus on three new media players, the relationship between digital media and namely BuzzFeed, Vice, and Huff ington Post. journalism is developing outside the West in These three ‘digital-born’ companies have been a context more indicative of the experience of chosen for several reasons: most of the world’s population than that of high-income democracies, the Reuters Institute • All three are making inroads as favoured The research includes a case study of the or absence of sceptical voices. The value of is pursuing a series of pilot studies on digital sources for news, particularly for younger coverage of the UN summit in Paris on climate this research lies in the originality of detailed journalism in India. in a country where print circulation and Vibodh Parthasarathi from Jamia Millia Islamia age groups. change in December 2015, with a particular examination of the coverage of environmental advertising is still growing, though much more University and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen of the RISJ. • All three give editorial priority to focus on the three new players mentioned issues by new players. The first project looked specifically at the slowly than in the recent past. It looks at how We are pursuing these projects at a time of rapid environmental issues. above, two examples of legacy media (e.g., editorial, distribution, and funding strategies newspapers like the Hindustan Times, Dainik Top: A 3D-printed Facebook logo is seen in front of logos of change in Indian journalism and hope to follow • All three have invested heavily in language the Guardian and Telegraph online) from each of digital journalism start-ups in India, like the Jagran, and Malayala Manorama are investing in sites, and/or country-specific sites. country and one niche player. It examines more news publishers it has tied up with. Facebook Inc tied up with Quint, Scroll, and the Wire and involved former up by expanding our research in this area. nine news publishers to launch “Instant Articles”. REUTERS/ building diff erent digital off ers for an increasingly • All three are ‘digital natives’, with heavy than 600 articles or pieces of content to achieve Dado Ruvic Above: United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki- RISJ Journalist Fellow Arijit Sen and RISJ Director mobile and social environment still stratified Top: Commuters watch videos on their mobile phones as interest in the eff icacy of diff erent formats, a deeper understanding of the diff erences moon (5thL) and Al Gore (6thL), former U.S. Vice President and of Research Rasmus Kleis Nielsen. The findings by digital divides, social class, and language they travel in a suburban train in Mumbai, India. REUTERS/ Shailesh AndradeNations conference on climate change in Paris, and particularly video. between legacy and new players, including Climate Reality Project Chairman, pose with representative were published in an RISJ report on May 2016. barriers. The project is led by Zeenab Aneez and • All three have not been studied in detail for volume of coverage, modalities (text, photos, of NGO’s, during the World Climate Change Conference 2015 December 7, 2015. REUTERS/Mendel Ngan/Pool The second pilot project examines how Indian Sumandro Chattapadhyay from the Centre for Above: A motorist rides past a billboard displaying Facebook’s news content in general, or the videos), content (main themes), sources quoted, (COP21) at Le Bourget, near Paris, France, December 10, 2015. REUTERS/Stephane Mahe newspapers are managing the digital transition Internet and Society in Bangalore, working with Free Basics initiative in Mumbai, India. REUTERS/Danish Siddiqui environment in particular. and tone. Sub-themes include the presence 4638 39 PUBLICATIONS Reports

2015-2016 Sponsor: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism

With the growth of social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter since 2010, and the arrival of new ones, and with the main parties embracing digital campaigning, 2015 was set to be the first ‘social media election’. The ‘traditional’ media also had big digital plans – both to engage disenchanted voters and grab crucial audience share. REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE So did we engage? How did the media spark that engagement and what was the impact Many RISJ publications Books The State of News Reuters Institute Digital on the election turnout and outcome? Former are available for free Photography: The Lives News Report 2015: political spin doctor and PR thought leader and Livelihoods of Supplementary Report Colin Byrne finds much ‘sound and fury’ but download from our questions any real impact on the election result. Media,M Revolution, and Politics in Photojournalists in the Edited by Richard Fletcher and website. Hard copies Damian Radcliff e, with David A. L. EEgypt: The Story of an Uprising Digital Age can be purchased via Adrian Hadland, David Campbell, Levy, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, AbdallaA Hassan and Nic Newman our partner publisher and Paul Lambert Sponsor:S Reuters Institute for the Sponsor: Google I.B.Tauris, , StudyS of Journalism Sponsor: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism with the support of The Reuters Institute Supplementary Digital or the University of World Press Photo Foundation ForF too long ’s system of government was beholden to the News Report presents the results of an Oxford Online Store. interestsi of the elite in power, aided by the massive apparatus of online survey on all aspects of digital new The work practices of the professional thet security state. The breaking point came on 25 January 2011. consumption in six European countries: photojournalist are currently undergoing rapid ButB several years aft er popular revolt enthralled a global audience, Austria, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Poland, change in the digital era. New technologies, thet struggle for democracy and basic freedoms are far from being Portugal, and Turkey. The report forms part new platforms, and new methods of visual won.w This book examines the political and media dynamic in pre- of the largest ongoing survey of digital news storytelling are exerting a range of pressures anda post-revolution Egypt and what it could mean for the country’s consumption in the world, surveying a total and influences that require photojournalists democraticd transition. We follow events through the period leading of over 30,000 respondents in 18 countries to adapt and respond in diff erent ways. The up to the 2011 revolution, 18 days of uprising, military rule, an in 2015. The results shine a light on some of changes provoke a number of questions Journalists in the UK elected president’s year in off ice, and his ouster by the military. the most important recent trends in news that are critical to the future of professional Neil Thurman, Alessio Cornia, and Activism has expanded freedoms of expression only to see those consumption, such as the move to mobile : What are the new risks Jessica Kunert spacess contract with the resurrection of the police state. And with news access, the emergence of new digital- being faced by photojournalists? How are sharpenings political divisions, the facts have become amorphous, as born news sources, generational diff erences Sponsor: Reuters Institute for the the transformations in the media economy ideologicali trends cling to their own narratives of truth. in consumption patterns, and the rise in social Study of Journalism, supported by aff ecting photojournalists’ employment? What LMU Munich, City University London, media, news aggregators, and other digital does this mean for image quality? How do VolkswagenStiftung, and drawing on the TheT Kidnapping of Journalists: intermediaries. RReporting from High-Risk photojournalists think about the manipulation Worlds of Journalism Study of images or the staging of events? Given the CConfl ict Zones Based on one of the most comprehensive rise of citizen journalism, digital technology, and RobertR G. Picard and Hannah Storm surveys of UK journalists ever carried out, social media, will there even be professional this report describes journalists’ personal Sponsor:S Reuters Institute for the photojournalists in the future? StudyS of Journalism characteristics, employment conditions, and This report presents results and analysis working routines. It also analyses journalists’ TheT vulnerability of journalists to kidnappings was starkly illustrated from the first international study into the opinions on: ethics, influences on their work, byb the killing of James Foley and by Islamic militants current state and future of professional the trustworthiness of institutions such as the ini 2014. Their murder underscored the risks taken by journalists photojournalism. The results indicate a government and trade unions, their role in and news organisations trying to cover developments in dangerous high degree of risk is experienced among society, and changes in journalism over time. regions of the world and has forced news enterprises to more professional photographers, with a very strong clearly prepare for and confront issues of safety. This book explores correlation to the country in which they are the complex organisational issues surrounding the capture or based. The research analyses data taken from kidnapping of journalists in areas of conflict and risk. It explores 1,500 professional photojournalists from more how journalists ‘becoming news’ is covered and the implications than 100 countries and is a partnership between Getting Engaged? The of that coverage, how news organisations prepare for and respond the ’s Reuters Institute to such events, and how kidnapping and ransom insurers, victim for the Study of Journalism, the University Relationship between recovery firms, journalists’ families, and governments influence the of Stirling’s journalism department, and the Traditional, New Media, and actions of news enterprises. It considers how and why journalists are World Press Photo Foundation, one of the the Electorate during the kidnapped, how employers and journalists’ organisations respond premier platforms for the recognition of global 2015 UK General Election to kidnappings, and why freelancers are particularly at risk, as excellence in photo- and video-journalism. Colin Byrne well as suggesting best practices for preventing and responding to kidnappings. 402 4541 consumption, a sharpening move to mobile, with senior managers and editors as well as on online news videos, how they try to monetise and the full extent of ad-blocking worldwide. survey data from the Reuters Institute Digital it, and how audiences consume it. Results These three trends in combination are putting News Report 2015. show that the supply side is growing at a further severe pressure on the business faster rate than the demand side. Platforms models of both traditional publishers and and publishers push online news video, while new digital-born players – as well as changing consumers remain resistant to it. The most the way in which news is packaged and successful videos tend to be platform-specific distributed. Across our 26 countries, we see and digital-born outlets are better prepared a common picture of job losses, cost-cutting, when adapting to the digital news video and missed targets as falling print revenues grammar than broadcasters and newspapers. combine with the brutal economics of digital In addition, the monetisation of online news in a perfect storm. video remains the biggest challenge for publishers, given that off -site consumption and soft -news videos dominate the online Market and Political Factors REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE Editorial Analytics: How ’14-’15 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE Digital News Project video landscape. Overall we are cautious and the Russian Media Digital Journalism Reports News Media are Developing Start-Ups in India and Using Audience Data and about the long-term dynamics for video news. Katja Lehtisaari Rasmus Kleis Nielsen and Arijit Sen Sponsors: Google’s Digital News Initiative Metrics What is Happening to Federica Cherubini and Working Papers Other Publications Sponsor: Reuters Institute for the Study Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Television News? of Journalism Rasmus Kleis Nielsen and This report shows how a subset of news Richard Sambrook In this report, six examples of digital journalism organisations are developing distinct forms of start-ups are analysed, developing new editorial what are called ‘editorial analytics’. These are Television news faces the kind of full-scale priorities, distribution strategies, and funding tailored around particular editorial priorities digital disruption that newspapers have models for an increasingly digital Indian and organisational imperatives, e.g. they are experienced over the last ten years. TV news media environment. The start-ups examined built around particular kinds of journalism has enjoyed large audiences and high trust here are examples of how Indian journalists, and particular business models. We also find in its historic low-choice environment. But technologists, and entrepreneurs are working to that most news organisations are not there the internet and digital technology mean it develop diff erent content-based, aggregation- yet, but still use more generic and rudimentary is now in a high-choice environment against based, or non-profit models for doing approaches based on at-hand tools and a plethora of new competitors for audience journalism fit for a digital India. metrics oft en primarily built for advertising. attention. Changes in viewing habits, driven Journalists need to get more involved in the by technology, mean is it unlikely that Journalism, Media and use and development of analytics to make sure conventional TV news will hold the same Technology Predictions 2016 editorial priorities are taken into consideration privileged position in the future as it had in the Pressure and Organisational The Impact of Charity and Nic Newman when new metrics and tools are developed latter part of the twentieth century. So how Change in the Digital Age Tax Law/Regulation on and used. Not taking part in the development should news broadcasters respond? It is clear Juliane A. Lischka Not-for-Profi t News This report off ers a fascinating glimpse into will not mean the absence of analytics in there is no easy or single recipe for success as Organisations some of the technology and industry trends newsrooms, it will simply mean that these video viewing moves online. But innovation Robert G. Picard, Valerie Belair- which could emerge this year. This year’s key metrics are less informed by journalistic and experimentation are vital to try to preserve Gagnon, and Sofi a Ranchordás developments will centre on online video, expertise and priorities. the core public interest role that TV news has A joint project of RISJ and the Information mobile apps, and further moves towards off ered in the past. Society Project, Yale Law School distributed content. Mounting problems around online display advertising will lead The advent of digital media means that to a burst of innovation around journalism many news organisations are rethinking their business models. business models, and facing new challenges. But one sector which has seen growth is the Digital News Report 2016 not-for-profit start-up industry. This report Edited by Nic Newman examines the legal framework in which these operate by studying the challenges thrown Sponsors: Google, BBC, Ofcom, Broadcasting Authority of Ireland (BAI), up by legal systems which don’t include Media Industry Research Foundation, Does Open Data Need journalistic activities within the concept of Finland, Fritt Ord Foundation, Norway, Journalism? ‘charitable status’. Korea Press Foundation, Edelman UK, Jonathan Stoneman Drawing on the regulatory systems of Australia, Hans Bredow Institute, University of Canada, Ireland, the UK, and the US, the report Navarra, University of Canberra, Centre d’études sur les médias, Université Laval, Public Service News and sets out to gain a clearer understanding of the Digital Media Canada. The Future of Online legal frameworks for charitable and tax exempt Annika Sehl, Alessio Cornia, and Video News status for news organisations and the distinct The Reuters Institute Digital News Report Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Antonis Kalogeropoulos, Federica challenges that may hinder their development. 2016 reveals new insights about digital news Cherubini, and Nic Newman This Reuters Institute report examines how consumption based on a YouGov survey of public service media in six European countries over 50,000 online news consumers in 26 Driven by technological improvements, (Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and countries including the US and UK. The report platform initiatives, and investments by media the United Kingdom) are delivering news in shows the growth of distributed (off site) news companies, online video news production an increasingly digital media environment. has exploded during the past years. In this The analysis is based on interviews, primarily report, we look at how publishers produce 42 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14’15-’16 Editor to the at theReuters Institute. HeisaContributing is aco-founder andSeniorResearch Fellow JOHN LLOYD RESEARCH ASSOCIATES Atlantic Booksinspring2017. the world,T of thedemocracy? Abookonjournalismin andare intheservice seentowork, work, And howcan theseagencies ensure thatthey and communications hasbecome routine? a worldwhere massmonitoring ofactivities journalism change to reflect anewreality in agencies onterrorism. Itasks:howfar must of theinternet, andwiththefocus ofthe intelligence agencies evolvewiththeadvent it haschanged asbothjournalismandthe US, to determine howfar andinwhatways security services inFrance, theUK,and relationship between journalismandthe supported byDavidUre, examines the Journalism inanAgeofTerror. I.B.Tauris intheautumn 2016underthetitle Agency intheUS, willbepublished by by theleaks from theNationalSecurity journalism andthesecret services, prompted on thecontemporary relationship between Russia). Hisbookfor theReuters Institute, agent’, ispresently unableto workwithin (though, havingbeendeclared a‘foreign the SchoolofCivicEducation Councilof and chairmanoftheAdvisory for reuters.com and he BigStory Financial Times La Repubblica , willbepublishedby , acolumnist The book, Thebook, ofRome, edited withStephen Cushion). Directions, New Challenges 2016) and and NickMosdell)(Palgrave Macmillan, Intimidation andSecurity Reporting Dangerously: JournalistKillings, and ObjectivityintheDigital Age (RISJ, 2010), Are Foreign Correspondents Redundant? future ofnews.Hisotherpublications include and spoken frequently onjournalismandthe finally director ofglobal news.Hehaswritten head ofnews-gathering, director ofnews,and programmes, andinseniormanagement as News, workingacross nationalradio andTV as aproducer andprogramme editor inBBC Previously hehada30-year career attheBBC Kleis Nielsenonthefuture ofTVnews. and jointlyauthored areport withRasmus on theBusinessandPractice ofJournalism, including chairingtheRISJ seriesofseminars many aspectsoftheFellowship Programme, past year hehasassisted JamesPainter with Institute for theStudy ofJournalism.Inthe and SeniorResearch Fellow attheReuters is Professor ofJournalismatCardiff RICHARD SAMBROOK The Future of24-HourNews: New Delivering Trust: Impartiality (with Simon Cottle (withSimonCottle (Peter Lang,2016 (RISJ, 2012), University LARA FIELDEN Sheff Boardjoined theAdvisory oftheUniversity of adjudicating onpress complaints. In2016she Press Standards Organisation (IPSO) Complaints Committee oftheIndependent regulation. Since 2014Lara onthe hasserved Fellows whohaveaparticular interest in RISJ Journalist 2016). Shealsosupervises edition ofthejournalConvergence (June convergence resulted inanarticlefor aspecial conference onpress regulation inanera of the September 2015Middlesex University to theLeveson Inquiry. Her participation in inquiries, andgivenoral and written evidence academic conferences andSelectCommittee published numerous articles,contributed to publications onmediaregulation shehas and asaVisitingFellow. BuildingonherRISJ Institute since 2011,asaResearch Associate has hadanassociationwiththeReuters ield’s Department ofJournalismStudies. BBC News Online. When Innovation Fails TheCaseof to Disrupt: CNN: ManagingMediaOrganizations 2nd editionduein2016), the AEMJMMediaManagement BookAward, the Media:From to Theory Practice Digital News of numerous books,including University London/Ashridge. Sheisauthor St Gallen,Switzerland, andanMBAfrom City a PhDandHabilitation from theUniversity of Innovation attheUniversity ofOslo. Sheholds Media Group, andVisitingProfessor ofMedia Boardof theContent Advisory oftheNZZ service broadcasting company), Member Board MemberofSRGSSR (theSwiss public the Reuters Institute, sheisNon-Executive technology shift with particular emphasisonmastering expert onstrategy, innovation, andleadership in September 2016.Sheisaprofessor and Google Digital NewsSeniorResearch Fellow is aResearch Associate andbecomes thefirst LUCY KÜNG (2015), s. Inadditionto herrole at Strategic Managementin Inside theBBCand Innovators in (winner of (winner of , and , and chaired until2008. the ThomsonReuters Foundation, whichhe Steering Committee, andheisaTrustee of at SaliniImpregilo Spa, amemberoftheRISJ Television News(ITN),anon-executive director non-executive ChairmanatIndependent Reuters London head off Belgium, theNetherlands, and,latterly, at he heldreporting andeditingpositions in Jones before joiningReuters in1983,where withAgence Europe andAP-Dow 2006. Hestarted hiscareer asareporter in was Editor-in-Chief ofReuters from 2000to GEERT LINNEBANK ice. Linnebank is and businessstrategies for digital transition. with newscompanies audience, onproduct, consultant ondigital media,workingactively Institute and isthelead editor oftheannualReuters Research Associate attheReuters Institute all BBCJournalismsites. Niciscurrently a mobile, andinteractive TVapplications for he leddigital teams, developingwebsites, (1997–2001). AsHead ofProduct Development leading international coverage asWorldEditor founding memberoftheBBCNewsWebsite, services overmore thanadecade. Hewas a played akey role inshapingtheBBC’s internet is ajournalistanddigital strategist who NIC NEWMAN Digital News Report . He is also a . Heisalsoa 43 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 44 45 than 30 years. A former producer the challenges presented by VISITING FELLOWS for ABC News and CBS News the digital environment and 60 Minutes who later founded how these changes aff ected the Center for Public Integrity corporate financial performance. (1989) and its International The research integrated three Consortium of Investigative primary areas of theoretical Journalists (1997), he is also a knowledge, i.e. business models, bestselling author or co-author of organisational strategy, and six books. While an RISJ Visiting dynamic capabilities in the Fellow, he gathered research and form of a longitudinal analysis conducted interviews about the (1995–2015). PROF. DR HANS extent of editorial collaboration DR MARY LYNN between academic scholars VAN KRANENBURG YOUNG and journalists in the United REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE Kingdom and Europe. He also is full Professor of Corporate is an associate professor, wrote and presented a related, Strategy at Radboud University award-winning scholar, and academic paper titled, Nijmegen, Nijmegen School of educator at the University of ‘Accountability Information, Management, the Netherlands. British Columbia. She is a former across Borders’ at the 2015 He is head of the Strategic Associate Dean of the Faculty Global Investigative Journalism Management group in the of Arts (2011–16), Director conference in Lillehammer, Department of Business (2008–11), and Acting Director Norway, and spoke to audiences Administration. Whilst a (June–December 2007) of the in Brussels, Cardiff , and The Visiting Fellow he edited the UBC School of Journalism. She Hague. He gave two guest book Innovation Policies in the DR BRUNO PATINO is an authority on gender and lectures while at Oxford, one of European News Media Industry: the media, newsroom sociology, which described the significance, A Comparative Study, publisher is Dean of Sciences Po School of data journalism, journalism evolution, and modus operandi of PROF. DR IRENE CHRISTINE FINN PROF. SUZANNE ANDREW JACK Springer Verlagen (forthcoming Journalism in Paris. He began education, and representations the International Consortium of COSTERA MEIJER FRANKS 2016). This book off ers an his career as a journalist for of crime. The overarching goal of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ). is a freelance print and BBC has been a reporter, foreign overview on the evolution of Le Monde in Chile, and since her work is to connect journalism is a Professor of Journalism journalist. Her project was is a Professor of Journalism at correspondent, and editor at structures of news media markets, then has held top management and academic knowledge Studies at the Free University inspired by Margaret Thatcher’s City University London where the Financial Times for 25 years, media regulations, and innovation positions in the media industry; through scholarship, teaching, Amsterdam. The starting point resignation during her first since August 2016 she also heads based in the UK, France, and policies and programmes to for Le Monde (1999–2008), Radio and professional engagement. of Costera Meijer’s work at Reuters Fellowship, as an ITV the Journalism Department. Russia. He is author of the books promote innovation in journalism France (2008–10), and France While a research fellow in 2016, RISJ was the importance of journalist, in Michaelmas 1990: She is a former BBC TV current The French Exception and Inside and news media in 16 European Télévisions (2010–15), where he she studied the relationship making journalists aware of how diff erently was that news aff airs journalist who worked on Putin’s Russia. He currently countries. He also organised a was Director General, responsible between gender and data and the democratic, economic, received and disseminated? programmes such as runs the curated content team, panel session about Best Practices for programme commissioning computational journalism at a and social necessity of taking While she considered evidence, and Panorama. Aft er leaving the producing FirstFT and other of Innovation Policies in the News and digital operations. He took digital journalism start-up and audiences seriously. What kind her second Fellowship term BBC she set up an independent newsletters to guide busy readers Media Industry at the World Media up a new post as Director of legacy media company, focusing of intervention would be needed coincided with the resignation production company which won to the information that matters. Economics and Management Programmes at Arte in late 2015. on the impact of emergent to open up journalism to the of a second Tory Prime Minister. the first contract to cover the UK His fellowship at the Institute Conference New York in May 2016. He holds a Doctorate in Political technologies and practices on perspectives, experiences and While her original proposal Parliament. Suzanne’s research focused on editorial curation, Furthermore, he worked on a Sciences, graduating from the women’s access to high-status desires of audiences and users? was to document her class of and publications are principally examining the trends, business book titled Nonmarket Strategic DR JOHN OLIVER Institute of Political Studies in professional identities and To overcome the gap between 1990/91, a surprisingly low in the area of international models, and varied approaches Management. Paris and from the ESSEC Business ownership in the media. what audiences supposedly uptake did not yield enough news and history of the BBC, of publishers and platforms is Associate Professor of Media School, and has a Master’s degree want and what they need in a data. She turned to the archives including her most recent book in showcasing the increasing Management at Bournemouth in international relations from vital democracy, she suggests of Oxford University, the Reuters Reporting Disasters: Famine, Aid, volume of news, analysis, and University. The advent of digital Johns Hopkins University. He journalists and journalism , and the Oxford Politics and the Media. She also comment available online. technologies has transformed the is the author of several books research should pay more Union, and departments related produced an RISJ Challenge, He is particularly interested way many media organisations including Pinochet s’en va (IHEAL, attention to a broader and to the Fellowship in 1990, notably Women and Journalism in 2013. in the role of journalists and have conducted their business 2000) about the transition to more layered concept of quality Refugee Studies, interviewing She has given seminars on both human judgement in selecting, over the past decade. This democracy in Chile, Une presse journalism and reflect upon the the founding Director who had these topics for the RISJ. During showcasing, and analysing transformational context sans Gutenberg (Grasset, 2005), kind of journalism that provides also pioneered computer data her time as a Visiting Fellow content. He is exploring the links raises a number of important and La Condition numérique them with a quality experience. at Oxford. She discussed the Suzanne completed an edited with curation in other sectors questions for researchers about (Grasset, 2013) in collaboration At RISJ, her focus was on finding much-documented trajectory of book on Africa’s Media Image in such as culture, and the trade- how media firms have adapted with Jean-François Fogel. While he new ways to address this quality news technology with 2015/16 the 21st Century: From ‘ of off s between serendipity, human their business during a period was a Visiting Fellow he advanced experience beyond clicks and Fellows, and the upshot inspired Darkness’ to ‘Africa Rising’, wrote judgement, algorithms, and PROF. CHARLES of unprecedented change. research and presented a seminar hits, shares, ratings, circulation her GTC research seminar talk a book chapter on the history personalisation. LEWIS During his time at RISJ, Dr Oliver on the Future of TV. figures and beyond the aims as a Visiting Fellow, in which she of the BBC’s involvement with conducted a British Academy/ of marketers. This resulted in a made a case for born-analogue humanitarian appeals, and Leverhulme funded research is a Professor of Journalism and book proposal titled Valuable journalists in a digital age. started some research on the project into the successful the founding executive editor Journalism. What Audiences Love BBC Monitoring Service. digital transformations of media of the Investigative Reporting About News. firms. This work examined Workshop at American University how media firms have adapted in Washington, and has been an their business in response to investigative journalist for more 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 Western countryside ofRas al-Ain,Syria.REUTERS/Rodi Said An Iraqi refugee boyrests inacar inanIraqi refugee camp inthevillageof Mabrouka, EVENTS 47 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 48 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14’15-’16 2015-2016 RISJ EVENTS Attendees included responding to thenewcompetitive landscape. experiences oftackling digital transitions and opportunity to learn from each otherandshare and socialmedia.Participants hadaunique digital intermediaries like search engines pressures, includingtheriseofplatforms and by political, regulatory, andcompetitive behaviour, andthestrategic challenges posed digital developments,changingaudience provided research-informed insightinto new of PublicService Broadcasters. TheForum off The Reuters Institute helditsfirst high-, Reuters Institute,Oxford 1–2 October2015 Public ServiceNews Forum keynote addresses. Media Research, University ofZurich) gave (Professor ofInternational andComparative of Research, RISJ) and the world. between newsmediaandpoliticsaround 60 scholars workingontheintersection Journal ofPress/Politics The first conference ofthe St Anne’s College, Oxford 17–19 September2015 Politics Conference International Journal ofPress/ Special Events of CBCNews), McGuire (General Manager andEditor-in-Chief (Acting Director ofNews,ABC),Jennifer partnerships atTwitter), and former Head ofNewsandJournalism President andCEOofNationalPublicRadio Journalism atCardiff of Journalismand Director oftheCentre for of Global News, BBCandcurrent Professor SRF), (News Director andDeputyEditor-in-Chief, (Head ofDigital Strategy, ZDF), News andCurrent Aff -the-record, Forum withtheHeads ofNews Richard Sambrook Rasmus KleisNielsen Atte Jääskeläinen Vivian Schiller School of Journalism, SchoolofJournalism, airs, YLE), Frank Esser brought together Craig McMurtrie (former Director International Gregor Meier Robert Amlung (Director of (Director (former

Cultures inNews Media of Integrating LegacyandDigital Negotiating Culture: Challenges ( Digital Innovation andCultural Change digital mediaconsumption ( course whichfeatured presentations on participated inauniqueexecutive education NZZ MediengruppeinZurich. Thejournalists language dailynewspaper, publishedbythe journalists from NZZ, aSwiss,German- The Reuters Institute hosted 15senior Reuters Institute,Oxford 11–13 November 2015 NZZ Executive Education off governments, four European Commission representatives ofeightEUmember-state followed byanopendiscussionwith from in Brussels,whichfeatured presentations working lunchonMediaintheDigital Age The LisbonCouncilconvened ahigh-level Lisbon Council, Brussels 4 November 2015 Media intheDigital Age keynote addresses. American Representative, RISJ), gave the Associate, RISJ) and cultures innewsmedia. challenges ofintegrating legacy anddigital news production culture whichexplored the An invitation-only, academic conference on St Catherine’s College, Oxford 28–30 October2015 Nic Newman Harding Media andCultural Studies), and and socialmedia, ledby workshop onnew digital formats for mobile BBC News),aswellaninteractive ( namely Institute ledpresentations anddiscussions, BBC). Representatives from theReuters Lucy Küng Steve Hermann icials, andfiveexperts. David Levy David Levy (Director ofNewsandCurrent Aff ), andNewsroom Workflows , and and , Executive Editor, Digital, Lucy Küng , Robert G.Picard Rasmus KleisNielsen Rasmus KleisNielsen Lucy Küng Nic Newman Nic Newman . James James (Research (North (North .

airs, ), , , 3 1 4 3 2 1 The Future oftheBBClecture -©JuliaMassey-Stewart. JimmyMaymanngivingtheReuters MemorialLecture -©Rob Judges; PublicService Broadcasters Forum; Janine GibsonattheMemorialLecture; ©Rob Judges; 4 2 49 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 50 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 East, Africa,East, andTurkey, Facebook). Simon Milner Gibson previous Editor-in-Chief, the (Principal, LadyMargaret Hall,Oxford, and panel discussionincluded AOL Content andConsumerBrands). The (Executive Vice President andPresident, lecture was delivered by Institute Steering Committee), theannual Anne’s College, Oxford, andChairoftheReuters are confronting thekey challenges ofdigital experience abouthowtheirorganisations and to share, off for 24 hours to learn from RISJ research editors-in-chief, andCEOsfrom 14countries leaders,distinguished group ofnewsindustry The RISJ gathered together avery Reuters Institute,Oxford 21–22 April 2016 Editor andCEOForum winning photojournalist). Fellow, RISJ), and Finnish PEN), Sirpa Kähkönen the supreme administrative court ofFinland), (rule oflawexpert andformer president of Estate? Speakers included themselves? Whatisthefuture for theFourth crisis zones? Whohasfreedom to express How can youhavebalanced reporting from This eventconsidered thefollowing questions. Kensington, London Finnish Ambassador’s Residence, 7 April 2016 Values inaTurbulent World Crossroads: DefendingLiberal Freedom ofExpressionat a Kleis Nielsen Frankfurter AllgemeineZeitung, Digital SingleMarket, Commission, andCommissionerfor the Ansip journalism inthedigital age, with media policy, andnewbusinessmodelsfor A seminarinBrusselsto discussinnovation, Lisbon Council, Brussels 14 March2016 Media intheDigital Age High-Level Roundtable on Introduced by St Anne’s College, Oxford 23 November 2015 to DistributedMedia The ShiftfromDestination New andMedia Industry: Reshaping theOnline Reuters Memorial Lecture: , Vice-President oftheEuropean (BuzzFeed UK, Editor-in-Chief), and and (BuzzFeed UK,Editor-in-Chief), (RISJ). John Lloyd (Policy Director for UK,Middle Tim Gardam therecord, theirideas and (authorandchairperson of Niklas Meltio Thomas Lindner, Jimmy Maymann Jimmy Maymann (SeniorResearch Alan Rusbridger Pekka Hallberg (Principal of St (Principal ofSt Guardian and (award- Andrus Andrus Rasmus ), Janine Janine CEO, CEO,

Broadcasting). Rao Chinese) andRISJ JournalistFellow, Steering Committee). Anne’s College, Oxford, andChairoftheRISJ The FutureoftheBBC This eventfeatured University ofOxford Old Library, Lady MargaretHall, 29 April 2016 Media inEmergingMarkets Models ofTraditional Innovations oftheBusiness Introduced by a government White Paper ontheBBC. the University ofOxford), inadvance of by Lord Patten ofBarnes (Chancellor of A timelyandwidelyreported lecture delivered St Anne’s College, Oxford 3 May 2016 India ( digital-born brands withparticipants from a dozen established publishers andtwo transformation. Theforum brought together Rasmus KleisNielsen the Canada), butwiththemajorityfrom Europe: ( NRC Handelsblad Reuters Institute. agenda andrelevance ofthework insights thatfurther enrichtheresearch new thinking,aswellcontributing new aimed atsharingexperience andstimulating leadersmeeting ofindustry convened byRISJ, rapid change. Thiswas industry thethird such forum for afrank exchange ofideas inatimeof has established itselfasavalued and unique leadersbetween industry andresearchers and of theReuters Institute infacilitating dialogue Newman by Thomson Reuters Foundation), andatdinner throughout by the Zeitung Nyheter media. Thesessionswere ledby leadership prioritiesfor innovation inthe use ofonlinemetrics inthenewsroom, and to dealing withdigital intermediaries, the Guardian Hall, Oxford andprevious Editor-in-Chief, the Group (Greece), Helsingin Sanomat Washington Post Alan Rusbridger Irish Times Financial Times (Founder andManagingDirector, 7Media Indian Express (Switzerland), (Sweden), ). Issuescovered includedapproaches . Thegathering testifies to therole TimGardam , JP/Politikens Hus Monique Villa El País and (the Netherlands), (Finland), 24MEDIA (Finland),24MEDIA Upday . Thegroup was joined Raymond Li , Principal, LadyMargaret ) andNorthAmerica Globe andMail , Le Monde (Spain), Lucy Küng (Germany), (Germany), (Principal ofSt (CEO of the (CEOofthe Neue Zürcher (Denmark), (Denmark), (France), and David Levy (Head, BBC , and Dagens Dagens from Shrenik Nic Nic , European Politics atLSE’s European Institute). Maurice Fraser The eventwas hosted bythelate Institutions Coverage ofEconomic CrisisandEuropean book A closedround-table eventto discussthenew Economics, London European Institute,LondonSchoolof 26 October2015 Portrayals oftheEuroCrisis The The PressClub,Brussels 22 October2015 Supplementary Report Digital News Publication Launches contributions from early findingsoftheresearch andfeatured players. Thiseventhighlighted someofthe Post, compared to thatbylegacy andniche including BuzzFeed, Vice, andHuff environment provided bynewmediaplayers, and consumption ofinformation aboutthe in sixcountries ontheprovision, content, The Reuters Institute iscoordinating research St Catherine’s College, Oxford 13 May 2016 Environmental News New Players in Fletcher of thefindingsbylead authors News Project by launch featured an introduction to theDigital Finland, urban Brazil, Japan, andAustralia. The Germany, Spain, Italy, France, Ireland, Denmark, news consumption ofindividualsintheUS, UK, Report Turkey, andPortugal. Themain Czech Republic, Austria, theNetherlands, habits ofmore than30,000peopleinPoland, Spain, theUK,andUSA. researchers from France, Germany, Poland, Director, RISJ), andcontributions from College London), of Media,Communication andPower, Kings and SeniorFellow attheCentre for theStudy Nic Newman Supplementary Report The CrisisintheMedia:Journalistic , launched in June 2015, explored the , launchedinJune2015,explored the and edited by (RISJ), Nic Newman (Professor ofPractice in David Levy James Painter Lucy Küng Martin Moore Robert G.Picard explored the news explored thenews . andapresentation (RISJ), Digital News Professor (Fellowship ington Richard (Director (RISJ). (RISJ). Stanistreet (Editor-in-Chief, Press Association), Nielsen panel discussionchaired by presented byDrNeilThurmanfollowed bya (Researcher, LMUMunich).Key findingswere (Research Fellow, RISJ), and London andLMUMunich), Dr NeilThurman the Reuters Institute andauthored by report held aneventto celebrate thelaunchof The Reuters Institute andCityUniversity jointly City University, London 9 May 2016 a Digital Age British Journalists in RAI). Correspondent, of Strategy, BBC)and Kleis Nielsen RISJ), andadiscussionchaired by lead author, Media the report The Reuters Institute hosted aneventto launch Cavendish ConferenceCentre, London 29 March2016 Public ServiceMedia Moran Engagement Manager, discussion between RISJ). author featured anopening presentation bylead Audience Data andMetrics How News Mediaare Developing andUsing Institute report 75 peopleattended thelaunchofReuters Financial Times 19 February 2016 Audience Data andMetrics from theBBC,Channel4, with aLabourMP( Shandwick), followed byanopendiscussion Colin Byrne introduction to thereport bytheauthor UK General Election. Media andtheElectorate duringthe2015 The Relationship between Traditional, New launch ofthereport Institute co-hosted aneventto celebrate the The Institute for GovernmentandtheReuters The Institutefor 19 November 2015 Social Media andUKElections a number of British universities. a numberofBritishuniversities. Daily Nick Petrie

Telegraph Rasmus KleisNielsen . Theeventfeatured anintroduction by Journalists intheUK (Digital Audience Editor, Federica Cherubini . Panellists included: Public Service News andDigital (DeputyHead ofDigital, (General Secretary of the National (UK and EMEA CEO at Weber (UKandEMEACEOatWeber Annika Sehl , with Editorial Analytics: , Vice News,Demos,aswell , London (Professor, CityUniversity Georgia Gould Government, London Michael Hedley Renée Kaplan Theeventfeatured an Getting Engaged? Marco Varvello Financial Times (Research Fellow, . The launch event . Thelaunchevent Dr Alessio Cornia Dr AlessioCornia published by publishedby (Researcher, Rasmus Kleis Dr Jessica Kunert Pete Clift thenfacilitated a Guardian Guardian Rasmus ), participants (Audience Michelle (Head (Head (UK (UK on ), , ,

Chris Chris ), and ), and

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national findings followed by a Q&A. national findingsfollowed byaQ&A. Nic Newman Report 2016 presented thefindingsof University ofNavarra). findings by Director), ofSpanish followed byasummary Introduction by (CISDL), University ofNavarra, Madrid Centre forInternet StudiesandDigital Life 21 June 2016 at DowJonesandthe Edward Roussel (Executive Editor ofTheHuff followed byapanel discussionwith Rasmus KleisNielsen University ofColumbia,New York TOW Centre forDigital Journalism, 21 June 2016 Nic Newman Global EditorsNet 16 June 2016 Tampere), followed byaQ&A. Esa Reunanen audience of theFinnishfindingsto industry by Fletcher oftheglobal findingsby Overview Helsinki Communications R 15 June 2016 2016 Levy Report authors Edelman, London 15 June 2016 Report 2016 Reuters Institute Digital News Women andJournalism (Professor, CityUniversity London andauthorof Union ofJournalists)and News Report. Edelman, oneofthesponsors ofthe2016 Huff Dow Jones)and and Global ManagingDirector, International Katie Vanneck-Smith McAndrew Chair, Guardian NewsandMedia), Off strategist), and National PublicRadio andnowanindependent Vivian Schiller CEO) featuring: discussion chaired by icer, Guardian MediaGroup, andExecutive ington Post UK).Thiseventwas hosted by (RISJ) presented thefindingsof Digital News Report (Research Fellow, RISJ), presentation Samuel Negredo (Director of Content, ), (Director SkyNews), ofContent, . (RISJ) thenpresented thecross- (RISJ) and Emily Bell (former president andCEOof Ramón Salaverría David Pemsel Nic Newman (researcher attheUniversity of Stephen Hull (ChiefInnovation Off work Summit,Vienna esearch Foundation, Ed Williams Wall Street Journal (ChiefCustomer Off David Levy (RISJ) presented, ). ). DavidLevy followed byapanel Suzanne Franks (Director, TOW). ington Post), (Professor, Digital News (RISJ) and (Chief Executive (Chief Executive (Editor-in-Chief, John John (RISJ) and (RISJ) and Richard (Edelman UK (EdelmanUK (CISDL (CISDL Liz Heron (RISJ) (RISJ) icer David David ), ), Digital icer

Guardian (Global Head ofVideoandAudio atthe new formats, BBCNews), and authorof Nathalie then facilitated adiscussionbetween Cherubini Antonis an openingpresentation byauthors The launchofthisRISJ report featured Thomson Reuters, London 29 June 2016 News Safety Institute. was heldinpartnership withtheInternational contributions from led theengaging panel discussion,with International NewsSafety Institute, INSI) Conflict Zones of Journalists:Reporting from High-Risk Reuters Institute publication The Frontline Clubhosted aneventonthe Frontline Club,London 28 June 2016 The Kidnapping ofJournalists they related to Portugal. OberCom), thenpresented thefindingsas (RISJ). a presentation oftheglobal findingsby (Portuguese Minister for Culture), followed by Introduction by (OberCom) andLisbonUniversity/ISCTE The Communication Observatory 6 July 2016 Video andPictures atReuters). News Video The FutureofOnline Nic News Rewired, London 20 July 2016 News duringtheDay Use their SmartphonetoGet Mobile-First: How People Vanity Fair publication), and Storm and Head ofHighRiskSecurity, ITN), Colin Pereira freelance journalistandformer ISIShostage), David Levy mobile devices. relation to socialnetworks, newsapps,and highlighting people’s changinghabits in the latest trends inmobileconsumption, journalism.co.uk’s news:rewired eventon

Newman (Director, INSI,andco-author ofthe Gustavo Cardoso

Kalogeropoulos, Federica ), and

Malinarich , and Harper’s (RISJ) and (RISJ) led a workshop at (RISJ) ledaworkshopat . (Director, HPRiskManagement Hunting Richard Sambrook NicNewman John Luís FilipedeCastro Mendes James Harkin Nicolas Hénin magazine, and

(Editor, mobileand Pullman

Season Richard Fletcher (Director of Christian The Kidnapping The Kidnapping . NicNewman ). The event ). Theevent (Global Head of (writer for (French (Chairman, (Chairman, Newsweek

Bennett Hannah Hannah

, 51 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 52 53 1 Editorial Analytics Launch - ©Julia Massey-Stewart; 2 Journalists in the UK, City University - ©Julia Massey- Stewart; 3 Digital News Report, London - © Elyse Marks; 4 General Editors Network – © Luiza Puiu, European Forum Alpbach for GEN; 5 The Future of Online News, London - ©Julia Massey-Stewart; 6 Kidnapping of Journalists, Frontline Club - ©Julia Massey-Stewart. REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

Partnered Events When Black Lives Don’t Matter The Media and British Politics 26 April 2016 25 May 2016 Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford Pembroke College, Oxford

The Great European Crisis Movie Lady Margaret Hall and the Reuters Institute The Reuters Institute and the Oxford Fabians 19 November 2015 hosted this lecture by Gary Younge, feature jointly held an event on the future of news. Blavatnik School of Government, Oxford writer and columnist for the Guardian, author The event featured an introduction from Alan The Reuters Institute and the Blavatnik School and broadcaster, following his highly successful Rusbridger (Principal, Lady Margaret Hall, of Government hosted a viewing of ‘The Great James Cameron Lecture at City University University of Oxford), followed by a panel European Crisis Movie’, directed by Annalisa London. ‘When a dog bites a man, that is not discussion with Abi Wilkinson (freelance Piras (Film director/writer) and produced by Bill news’, goes the journalistic adage, ‘because it political journalist, the Guardian) and Aaron Emmott (Chairman and co-founder, The Wake happens so oft en. But if a man bites a dog, that Bastani (co-founder, Novara Media). Up Foundation). The viewing was followed by is news.’ But sometimes there are things that Environmental News: Old and a panel discussion with Annalisa Piras, Bill happen with such regularity and predictability 1 2 Emmott, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (RISJ), David that journalists have simply ceased to recognise New Challenges Levy (RISJ) and Dr Jody LaPorte (Departmental their news value. Much of what we have come to 13 May 2016 Lecturer in Politics and Public Policy, Blavatnik accept as commonplace has dulled our curiosity Environmental Change Institute, Oxford as to why so much of what is commonplace is School of Government, University of Oxford). This event focused on the distributions faced by unacceptable. There is value, at times, in asking: traditional media organisations competing with ‘Why do dogs keep biting people?’, ‘Who owns Social Media and UK Elections new digital competitors. The event was chaired these dogs?’, and ‘Why do the same people keep 19 November 2015 by Tom Sheldon (Senior Press Manager, Science getting bitten?’ Institute for Government, London Media Centre) and featured contributions from The Institute for Government and the Reuters The Boat is Broken: What Really Fiona Harvey (Environment Correspondent, the Guardian), Milene Larsson (Senior Reporter, Institute co-hosted an event with 30 attendees went Wrong with the Kurdish Vice News), Kelly Oakes (Science Editor, celebrating the launch of the report Getting Peace Process? Engaged? The Relationship between Traditional, BuzzFeed UK), and Alister Doyle (Environment 4 May 2016 New Media and the Electorate during the 2015 Correspondent, Thomson Reuters). European Studies Centre, Oxford UK General Election. The event featured an introduction to the report by the author Colin The Reuters Institute and the European News After Advertising? 26 May 2016 3 4 5 Byrne (UK and EMEA CEO at Weber Shandwick), Studies Centre jointly hosted an event on followed by an open discussion with a Labour freedom of expression in relation to the Kurdish Saïd Business School, Oxford MP (Georgia Gould), participants from the BBC, peace process in Turkey. The event featured The Reuters Institute and the Saïd Business , the Guardian, Sky, Daily Telegraph, commentary from Ezgi Başaran, a Turkish School held their first joint event, featuring a Vice News, Demos, as well as a number of journalist and the author of the book Once Upon lecture by Sir Martin Sorrell (Founder and Chief British universities. a Time Peace – Barış Bir Varmış, Bir Yokmuş. Executive of WPP, the world’s largest advertising She is now an academic visitor at St Antony’s and communications group) followed by a College, University of Oxford. panel discussion chaired by Alan Rusbridger (Principal, Lady Margaret Hall, University of Oxford) and including contributions from Simon Fox (CEO, Trinity Mirror) and David Abraham (CEO, Channel 4).

5 6 54 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14’15-’16 2015-2016 RISJ SEMINAR SERIES Bill The Challenges ofReporting Europe Bruno The FutureofTelevision News Richard BBC Journalism: FutureUncertain Daya New World Media Order? Are theBRICS Building a marketing, Goethe University, Klaus and Beyond Analytics ChangetheNewsroom Can Data Save Journalism? How BBC NewsLabs Jacqui Maher Do BetterStorytelling andReporting How Data CanHelp Journalists to research associate, RISJ Nic Newman Audience Behaviour Technology andChanging Second Wave ofDisruptionfrom How Journalism Faces a Michaelmas Term 2015 GREEN TEMPLETON COLLEGE Practice ofJournalism The Businessand international newspaper columnist Télévisions digital, strategy, and TVchannelsatFrance School, Sciences Po, Paris, ex-director of former BBCgovernor, Cardiff BRICS Media communication, andco-editor of

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Meijer , London-based freelance , lecturer injournalism, , digital consultant, BBCWorld , roving correspondent, , professor ofjournalism , professor ofjournalism, research fellow, RISJ innovation attheUniversity ofOsloand Tom The Economist News in theDigital Age, andhow Julia Crowd-Funding, andDemocracy Saving the Media: Capitalism, Channel 4News Lindsey Covering Syria andthe Lucy Innovators inDigital News Sadeq The Challenges ofReporting Communication, University ofMinnesota School ofJournalismandMass Giovanna ’Orto Correspondents The Evolving PracticeofForeign Trinity Term 2016 John The Impossible Relationship Spies andJournalists: Jim How BuzzFeed CoversNews John State The ProblemsofReporting Islamic BBC Persian Service Sciences Po Paris, Department ofEconomics

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Storm airs correspondent atthe , deputydirector, BBCEditorial Policy , CEO of Weber Shandwick, former , CEOofWeberShandwick, , professor ofcommunication, , director oftheInternational , visitingfellow atCISLSE, Index onCensorship Andy Internet andInsurgency Media Credibility intheAge of RAI Television Marco Royal Family Italian Audience: From Brexit tothe Reporting from Londonforan Alun Communications –20Years on New LabourinGovernment and Jodie the Impact onaFree Media Widening Notions ofOff Tim Bad Statistics secretary ofState for Culture, Media,andSport Chris Bryant Democracy? Does Anyone Careabout Hilary Term 2016 CensorshipTélévisions Jodie Ginsberg the Impact onaFree Media Widening Notions ofOff the Natalie Nougayrede A View fromEurope The UKDebate ontheEU– and Abingdon Nicola Blackwood In Conversation blogger, the 1998–2000 Communications at10DowningStreet, British Academy andHead ofStrategic Times Guardian

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, political correspondent and , bureau chief, London, , Editor-in-Chief, , Editor-in-Chief, Index on , MPfor Oxford West , columnist, , columnist, Le Monde More orLess ence and ence and Financial Financial Litvinenko Poison: theDefinitiveStory oftheMurder of Luke Story oftheWorld’s BiggestLeak The Panama Papers: TheInside Sir and Politics Human Rights, theMedia BBC’s New Statesman Helen Is Political Journalism Broken? Isabel Media inChina Digital Age: TheParty andthe Guiding PublicOpinioninthe Off author of Mick Hume a TriggerWarning We’re LosingourFree Speech– Trinity Term 2016 Norman the Good,Bad,andUgly Government fromtheInside– Guardian Public Prosecutions and StPancras, andformer Director of 2010–2015 minister intheCoalition Government, ensive KillingFree Speech?

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Carlo deBenedetti Prof. Stephen Prof. Stephen Arianna Huffi ngton Post Media Group The Rt Hon Lord ngton ngton 10 6 2 California, USA Journalism, University ofSouthern School for Communication and Professor ofJournalism, Annenberg 8. Editor-in-Chief, Bloomberg 7. Editorial Director, 6. Chairman, CNGroup 5.

John Micklethwait Lord (Richard)Inglewood Sylvie Kauff Michael Parks Michael Parks mann mann Le Monde 11 3 7

Wheatcroft ofBlackheath Wall StreetJournal Europe former Editor-in-Chief, 12. New York Times Company President andCEO, 11. Chair ofNews, Twitter independent adviser, former Global 10 Principal, Lady Margaret Hall 9.

Alan Rusbridger Alan Rusbridger .

Mark Thompson Baroness (Patience) Baroness (Patience) Vivian Schiller 12 4 8 diverse rangeofactivities. projects andmanagesits Institute’s research individuals leadsthe A small teamofdedicated RISJ Staff projects. with other research and edited booksalong Challenges publications and approving RISJ focused oncommissioning Committee isprimarily The RISJEditorial Committee Editorial and beyond. from aroundOxford of expertsinthefi is madeupofanumber Institute’s activities and strategic oversight tothe Committee provides The RISJSteering Committee Steering

eld eld Director, RISJ Dr David Levy Cardiff Professor ofDigitalEconomy, Ian Hargreaves St Antony’s College,Oxford Professor ofEuropean Studies, Prof. Timothy GartonAsh Director ofResearch, RISJ Kleis Nielsen Chair: DrRasmus Green Templeton College CBE, Principal, Professor DeniseLievesley Director, RISJ Dr David Levy St Antony’s College,Oxford Professor ofEuropean Studies, Prof. Timothy GartonAsh national Relations Head ofDeptPolitics andInter- Dr ElizabethFrazer Master, StPeter’s College Mark Damazer Principal, StAnne’s College Chair: TimGardam to Journalist Fellows Academic Adviser Seminar Convenor and Richard Sambrook Journalist Fellows Academic Adviser to Chris Westcott Journalist Fellows Academic Adviser to Tim Suter Fellowship Programme Director oftheJournalism Dr James Painter Director ofResearch Dr Rasmus KleisNielsen Director Dr David Levy University Principal, Lady Margaret Hall Alan Rusbridger Programme, RISJ Director oftheFellowship Dr James Painter Senior Research Fellow, RISJ John Lloyd director at ITN Foundation andnon-executive Trustee oftheThomsonReuters Geert Linnebank Programme, RISJ Director oftheFellowship Dr James Painter Director ofResearch, RISJ Dr Rasmus KleisNielsen Warden, StAntony’s College Prof. MargaretMacMillan Fellow, StAnne’s College and International Relations, and national Relations, DeptofPolitics Lester BPearson Professor ofInter- Prof. Neil MacFarlane director at ITN Foundation andnon-executive Trustee oftheThomsonReuters Geert Linnebank Administrative Assistant Louise Allcock Finance Offi Lana Fisher Communications Offi Marketing and Hannah Marsh Offi Events andFellowship Harpreet Paul Administrator Digital News Project Rebecca Edwards Publications Offi Alex Reid Institute Administrator Kate Hanneford-Smith cer (toJune 2016) cer cer cer Democracy, University ofLeeds Professor ofCommunication and Prof. Katrin Voltmer University ofWestminster and Media History, Professor ofCommunications Prof. Jean Seaton CEO, ThomsonReuters Foundation Monique Villa (to June 2016) and International Relations Administrator ofDeptPolitics Katy Shaw Principal, Lady Margaret Hall Alan Rusbridger Thomson Reuters Global Head, Video andPictures, John Pullman Research Fellow Benjamin Toff Research Fellow Annika Sehl Research Fellow Kruakae Pothong Research Fellow Tom Nicholls EJO Research Offi Caroline Lees Research Fellow Kalogeropoulos Antonis Research Fellow Sarah Ganter Research Fellow Richard Fletcher Research Fellow Alessio Cornia cer

59 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 60 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’15-’16 New sponsorsforthis yearareindicated below with anasterisk: generous support ofall ourbenefactorsin2015/16. Fellowship Programme.We aremostgrateful forthe research projects,events, publications, andtheJournalism sponsorship, anddonations andgiftsinkind tosupport our Foundation, inaddition towhich wealsoreceive grants, The RISJ receives corefundingfromtheThomsonReuters AND FUNDERS PARTNERS, BENEFACTORS, RISJ * * David Ure, Esq * * * * Tel. +44 1865 611080 reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk email: [email protected]

Twitter: @risj_oxford Cover image: A photojournalist reacts to tear gas fired by Israeli troops during a protest calling for the release of Palestinian journalist Omar Facebook: ReutersInstitute Nazal, who is held by Israel, near Israel’s Ofer Prison near the West Bank city of Ramallah April 26, 2016. REUTERS/Mohamad Torokman LinkedIn: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Overleaf (inside back cover): The cross atop of a local monastery is seen against the moon in the settlement of Poschupovo in Ryazan region, http://www.youtube.com ReutersInstitute Russia, September 27, 2015. REUTERS/Maxim Shemetov