Offensive Modalities and Their Influence on Basketball Efficiency Between Winning and Losing Teams
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LITHUANIAN SPORTS UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL BASKETBALL COACHING AND MANAGEMENT STUDY PROGRAMME JULIUS DEMENIUS /signature/ OFFENSIVE MODALITIES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON BASKETBALL EFFICIENCY BETWEEN WINNING AND LOSING TEAMS FINAL MASTER‘S THESIS Final thesis Supervisor recommends/ does not recommend the final thesis be assessed Evaluation of the final thesis: in grade and words Secretary of the Assessment Committee: N. Surname/ signature KAUNAS 2020 CONFIRMATION OF INDEPENDENT COMPOSITION OF THE THESIS I hereby declare, that the present final Master’s thesis Offensive modalities and their influence on basketball between winning and losing teams 1. Has been carried out by myself; 2. Has not been used in any other university in Lithuania or abroad; 3. Have not used any references not indicated in the paper and the list of references is complete. 29.05.2020 Julius Demenius (Signature) CONFIRMATION OF LIABILITY FOR THE REGULARITY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE I hereby confirm the correctness of the English language used in the final thesis. 29.05.2020 Julius Demenius (Signature) FINAL MASTER’S THESIS SUPERVISOR’S ASSESSMENT (Date) (Supervisor‘s name, surname) (Signature) Reviewer of the final thesis: (Name, surname) (Study Administrator, name, surname) (Signature) Reviewer of the final thesis: (Name, surname) (Study Administrator, name, surname) (Signature) Final thesis supervisor: (Name, surname) (Study Administrator, name, surname) (Signature) Final Master’s thesis has been placed in ETD IS ........................................... (Study Administrator, name, surname, signature) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... 4 SANTRAUKA................................................................................................................................. 5 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 7 1. LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................ 8 1.1 Summary of statistical approach in basketball .......................................................................... 8 1.2 Introduction to offensive modalities .......................................................................................... 9 1.3 Summary of basketball offensive modalities........................................................................... 10 1.4 Statistical efficiency measures in basketball ........................................................................... 15 2. METHODOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION ........................................................................... 17 2.1 Research object and aim .......................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Research strategy, logic and nature ......................................................................................... 17 2.3 Research sample, variables, tool and statistical analysis methods .......................................... 18 3. RESULTS .................................................................................................................................. 20 3.1 Usage ratio of basketball offensive modalities ........................................................................ 21 3.2 Efficiency of basketball offensive modalities ......................................................................... 22 3.3 Offensive modalities usage ratio between winning and losing teams ..................................... 23 3.4 Offensive modalities efficiency between winning and losing teams ...................................... 25 4. CONSIDERATIONS................................................................................................................. 27 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................... 31 RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................... 32 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 33 ANNEXES..................................................................................................................................... 38 Annex A ......................................................................................................................................... 39 Annex B ......................................................................................................................................... 52 3 ABSTRACT OFFENSIVE MODALITIES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON BASKETBALL EFFICIENCY BETWEEN WINNING AND LOSING TEAMS Keywords: basketball, statistical analysis, finishing actions. Research problem question: Which offensive modalities should be most important in team’s offensive structure regarding their quantity and quality? Aim of the study: To determine which offensive modalities have most influence between winning and losing teams on NBA playoffs. Hypothesis 1: There will be significant differences between winning and losing teams regarding offensive modalities usage ratio. Hypothesis 2: There will be differences between winning and losing teams regarding offensive modalities efficiency. Methodology: 1. Scientific literature review 2. Statistical data collection 3. Statistical analysis using SPSS Statistics and Microsoft Excel software Offensive modalities for this research were chosen from the provided “Synergy Sports Technology” software database: isolation, transition, post-up, spot-up, cut, hand-off, off-screen offense, pick and roll ball handler; roll man, putback, miscellaneous. WIN% and LOSS% were used to determine winning and losing teams on NBA playoffs. Three most used modalities were found to be: spot-up, pick and roll ball handler, and transition, while most efficient ones were cut and putbacks. Results show that significant differences were found in isolation, transition, and cuts finishing action for winning teams and pick and roll ball handlers as well as roll man for defeated teams. Efficiency differences for winning teams were found in off-screen offense, putbacks, cuts and miscellaneous modalities. NBA teams follow analytical strategy trends and tend to rely on long-range shooting, shots to close to the basket and easy baskets. Both type teams play in similar offensive structure, but winners were able to create more fast-break opportunities due to their defense and rebounding. Off the ball movement, making tough shots, offensive rebounding and putbacks, cuts had the biggest margin between winning and losing teams in terms of efficiency. 4 SANTRAUKA PUOLIMOS CHARAKTERISTIKOS IR JŲ ĮTAKA KREPŠINIO EFEKTYVUMUI TARP LAIMINČIŲ IR PRALAIMINČIŲ KOMANDŲ Raktiniai žodžiai: krepšinis, statistinė analizė, efektyvumas. Probleminis klausimas: Kurie puolimo charakteristikos veiksmai turėtų būti svarbiausi komandų puolimo struktūroje atsižvelgiant į jų atakų kiekį bei kokybę? Darbo tikslas: Nustatyti, kurios puolimo charakteristikos turi daugiausiai įtakos tarp laiminčių ir pralaiminčių komandų. Hipotezė 1: Puolimo charakteristikų dažnumas krepšinio rungtynėse skirsis tarp laiminčių ir pralaiminčių komandų. Hipotezė 2: Puolimo charakteristikų efektyvumas krepšinio rungtynėse skirsis tarp laiminčių ir pralaiminčių komandų. Tyrimo metodai: 1. Mokslinės literatūros apžvalga; 2. Statistinių duomenų rinkimas; 3. Statistinė analizė. Atlikto tyrimo duomenys buvo apdoroti SPSS Statistics ir Microsoft Excel programomis Šiam tyrimui atlikti visos puolimo charakteristikos buvo pasirinktos iš “Synergy Sports Technology” duomenų bazės: žaidimas 1 prieš 1, greitas perėjimas iš gynybos į puolimą, žaidimas nugara, metimas iš stovimos padėties, kirtimas po krepšiu, kamuolio perdavimas iš rankų į rankas, žaidimas naudojantis užtvaromis, 2 prieš 2 kai ataką užbaigia gynėjas, 2 prieš 2 kai ataka užbaigiam po perdavimo po krepšiu, metimo pataisymas, kiti. Laiminčios ir pralaiminčios komandos buvo nustatytos pagal WIN% ir LOSS% formules. Rezultatai parodė, kad reikšmingi laiminčių komandų skirtumai buvo rasti žaidžiant 1 prieš 1, naudojant kirtimus po krepšiu bei greitų atakų kiekyje. Pralaiminčios komandos dažniau žaidė 2 prieš 2 kai ataką užbaigia gynėjas bei po perdavimo po krepšiu. Laiminčios komandos buvo efektyvesnės užbaigiant atakas pasinaudojant užtvaromis toliau nuo kamuolio, pataisant netaiklų metimą, atliekant kirtimus po krepšiu bei kiti kategorijose. Tyrimas parodė, kad NBA komandos modeliuoja savo puolimo sistemas pagal naujausias krepšinio tendencijas, kai dažniausiai atakos užbaigiamos metimu į krepšį nuo trijų taškų zonos ir iš stovimos padėties bei metimais iš baudos aikštelės ribų. Laiminčios ir pralaiminčios komandos žaidžia panašiu stiliumi, tačiau laiminčios komandos geba susikurti galimybes pelnyti lengus taškus 5 greito puolimo metu dėl savo gynybos bei sėkmingai atkovoto kamuolio. Sėkmingas judėjimas be kamuolio, puolime atkovotas kamuolys, sunkūs metimai bei prakirtimai po krepšiu naudojantis varžovų gynybos klaidomis buvo vieni iš faktorių, kuriuose laiminčios komandos rodė didesnį efektyvumą. 6 INTRODUCTION Topic relevancy: Analytics in basketball is a new and evolving set of tools that is being used more commonly in the industry, which should also provide a competitive advantage for decision- makers by using statistical