Fodmaps Checklist

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FODMAPs Checklist FODMAPs Lactose Fructose Fructans Galactans Polyols Caution: Milk, Fruits such as Vegetables such Chickpeas, Fruits such as Rich in evaporated apples, as asparagus, lentils, kidney apples, apricots, FODMAPs milk, yogurt, raspberries Brussels sprouts, beans, and soy blackberries, ice cream, pears, peaches, broccoli, products cherries, custard, and mangoes, beetroot, nectarines, certain cheeses watermelon, cabbage, Vegetables pears, peaches, such as ricotta, coconut milk, chicory, garlic, such as plums, prunes, cottage, and coconut cream, leeks, okra, broccoli and watermelon mascarpone dried fruits, onions, radicchio and fruit juices lettuce, shallots, Vegetables such and snow peas as cauliflower, Sweeteners button such as agave Grains such as mushrooms, and and honey wheat and rye snow peas HFCS-based Added fiber such Sweeteners such products such as inulin and as sorbitol, as BBQ sauce, fructo- mannitol, ketchup, and oligosaccharides; xylitol, maltitol, pancake syrup watch items such and isomalt as probiotic (sugar-free Alcohol such supplements, gums/mints, as sherry and granola bars, and cough port wine frozen desserts medicines/drops) Sodas with Fruits such as HFCS watermelon FODMAP Lactose-free Fruits such as Vegetables such Fruits such as Friendly milk, lactose ripe bananas, as bok choy, bananas, free cottage blueberries, bean sprouts, red blueberries, cheese, lactose cantaloupe, bell peppers, grapefruit, free ice cream, grapefruit, butter lettuce, grapes, and sorbet; grapes, carrots, celery*, honeydew, kiwi, certain cheeses honeydew, chives, corn*, lemons, limes, such as lemons, limes, cucumber, oranges, passion cheddar, Swiss, passion fruit, eggplant, green fruit, and Parmesan, strawberries, beans, tomatoes, raspberries Brie, and tangelos potatoes, and camembert, spinach Sweeteners such and mozzarella Sweeteners Garlic-infused as sugar, such as sugar oil glucose, and and maple Gluten-free** aspartame syrup breads/cereals, rice and corn pasta, rice cakes, and potato and tortilla chips * celery keep to 1 stick, corn to ½ cob ** Examine ingredients on gluten-free breads and cereals to ensure other FODMAPs such agave and honey Compiled by Kate Scarlata, RD www.katescarlata.com .

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Lactose Tolerance Blood Test
Lactose tolerance blood test Lactose tolerance tests measure the ability of your intestines to break down lactose, a type of sugar found in milk and other dairy products. How the test is performed The lactose tolerance blood test looks for glucose in your blood. Your body creates glucose when lactose breaks down. For this test, several blood samples will be taken before and after you drink the lactose solution described above. For information on how a blood sample is obtained, see venipuncture. How to prepare for the test You should not eat for 8 hours before the test. Avoid strenuous exercise for 8 hours before the test. How the test will feel There should not be any pain or discomfort when giving a breath sample. When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing. Why the test is performed Your doctor may order these tests if you have signs of lactose intolerance. Normal Values The breath test is considered normal if the increase in hydrogen is less than 12 parts per million over your fasting (pre-test) level. The blood test is considered normal if your glucose level rises more than 30 mg/dL within 2 hours of drinking the lactose solution. A rise of 20-30 mg/dL is inconclusive. Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results. The examples above show the common measurements for results for these tests.
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LACTOSE & D-GALACTOSE (Rapid)
www.megazyme.com LACTOSE & D-GALACTOSE (Rapid) ASSAY PROCEDURE K-LACGAR 02/21 Incorporating A Procedure For The Analysis Of “Low- Lactose” Or “Lactose-Free” Samples Containing High Levels Of Monosaccharides (Improved Rapid Format) (*115 Assays per Kit) * The number of tests per kit can be doubled if all volumes are halved The reagents provided in this kit are also suitable for use with AOAC method 2006.06 – Lactose in milk. Patented: US 7,785,771 B2 and EP1 828 407 (GB, FR, IE, DE) © Megazyme 2021 INTRODUCTION: Lactose, or milk sugar, is a white crystalline disaccharide. It is formed in the mammary glands of all lactating animals and is present in their milk. Lactose yields D-galactose and D-glucose on hydrolysis by lactase (β-galactosidase), an enzyme found in gastric juice. People who lack this enzyme after childhood cannot digest milk and are said to be lactose intolerant. Common symptoms of lactose intolerance include nausea, cramps, gas and diarrhoea, which begin about 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating or drinking foods containing lactose. Between 30 and 50 million Americans are lactose intolerant, with certain ethnic and racial populations being more widely affected than others; as many as 75 percent of all African-Americans and Native Americans and 90 percent of Asian-Americans are lactose intolerant. The condition is least common among persons of northern European descent. Enzymic methods for the measurement of lactose are well known and are generally based on the hydrolysis of lactose to D-galactose and D-glucose with β-galactosidase, followed by determination of either D-galactose or D-glucose.
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Lactose Intolerance Brochure
Lactose Intolerance Albert F. Chiemprabha, M.D. Pierce D. Dotherow, M.D. Reed B. Hogan, M.D. James H. Johnston, III, M.D. Ronald P. Kotfila, M.D. Billy W. Long, M.D. J. Trippe McNeese, M.D. Paul B. Milner, M.D. Michelle A. Petro, M.D. Vonda Reeves-Darby, M.D. Sara Rippel, M.D., Pediatric GI Matt Runnels, M.D. Vishwanath N. Shenoy, M.D. James Q. Sones, II, M.D. April Ulmer, M.D., Pediatric GI James A. Underwood, Jr., M.D. Mark E. Wilson, M.D. Cindy Haden Wright, M.D. Keith Brown, M.D., Pathologist Samuel Hensley, M.D., Pathologist Jackson Madison Vicksburg 1421 N. State Street, Ste 203 106 Highland Way 1815 Mission 66 Jackson, MS 39202 Madison, MS 39110 Vicksburg, MS 39180 601/355-1234 601/355-1234 601/638-8801 Fax 601/352-4882 • 800/880-1231 www.msgastrodocs.com ©2011 GI Associates & Endoscopy Center. All rights reserved. Dairy Products Calcium Content Lactose Content Table of contents Ice cream/ice milk (8 oz.) 176 mg. 6-7g Milk 291-316 mg. 12-13g (whole, low-fat, skim, buttermilk, 8 oz.) Processed cheese (1 oz.) 159-215 mg. 12-13g Sour cream (4 oz.) 134 mg. 4-5g Yogurt (plain, 8 oz.) 274-415 mg. 12-13g Fish/Seafood Calcium Content Lactose Content Oysters (1 cup, raw) 226 mg. 0 Salmon with bones (canned, 3 oz.) 167 mg. 0 Sardines (3 oz.) 371 mg. 0 Shrimp (canned, 3 oz.) 98 mg. 0 Other Calcium Content Lactose Content Molasses (2 tbsp.) 274 mg.
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Glucose Syrup the Chef’S Magic Ingredient! CENTURIES of GASTRONOMIC TRADITION
Glucose syrup The chef’s magic ingredient! CENTURIES OF GASTRONOMIC TRADITION A product with a proud heritage which plays a significant role in European gastronomy, glucose syrup is used in gourmet foods by pâtissiers, confectioners and chefs alike. This high- quality, plant-based product has been produced in Europe for over a century. In the EU, with its grain-based agriculture, glucose syrup is derived from wheat and maize; EU starch manufacturers source their products exclusively from conventional (non-GMO) crops. Glucose syrup is a sugar made from the hydrolysis (breaking down) of starch. It is available in liquid, solid and transparent form (similar to honey). It was discovered in the 9th century in Japan, and originally derived from sweet potatoes; the glucose syrup manufacturing process was developed in the 19th century by the German scientist, Kirchhoff. A number of culinary specialities benefit from the unique qualities of this ingredient. Bakery products: e.g. pastries, macaroons, cakes etc. Confectionery products: e.g. sweets, lozenges, nougat etc. Glucose syrup plays a vital role in these delicacies... A delight to the eyes and taste buds alike. Still have questions about starch and starch-based ingredients in food? VISIT WWW.STARCHINFOOD.EU TO LEARN MORE. GLUCOSE SYRUP AND DIET EFSA (The European Food Safety Authority)) recommends that carbohydrates should form 45- 60% of our overall energy intake, stating that “enjoyed occasionally and in reasonable quantity, sweetened products are compatible with a balanced diet”. Glucose syrups are part of the simple carbohydrate family, with the same calorific value as all other sugars (sucrose or white sugar, lactose, etc.) i.e.
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Lactose Intolerance
Lactose Intolerance Enzyme Digestion Lab Activity SCIENTIFIC BIO AX! Introduction F Intestinal gas, bloating, and stomach cramps—oh my! This can be a common concern for a majority of the world’s population who lack the enzyme to digest certain foods. Milk and dairy products, for example, cause problems for many people who lack the enzyme required to digest lactose, the main carbohydrate found in milk. This lab activity illustrates the use of a commercial enzyme product called Lactaid™ as an aid in milk digestion. Concepts • Enzyme • Disaccharide • Metabolism Materials Galactose, 2 g Balloons, 4 Lactaid™, ½ tablet, Graduated cylinder, 10 mL Lactose, 4 g Mini soda bottles, 4 Sucrose, 2 g Resealable plastic bag Yeast, suspension, 40 mL Water bath, 35–40 °C Safety Precautions Wear chemical splash goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, and a chemical-resistant apron. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before leaving the laboratory. Follow all laboratory safety guidelines. Please review current Safety Data Sheets for additional safety, handling, and disposal information. Procedure 1. Obtain a warm water bath (35–40 °C) or an insulating block. Place the test Lactose tubes in the insulating block or test tube rack. plus Lactose Sucrose Galactose Lactaid 2. Weigh out the dry ingredients prior to the demonstration. 3. Review the summary diagram of the demonstration setup shown in Figure 1. 4. Clearly label each test tube as shown in Figure 1. 5. Place 2 g of the appropriate dry sugar into each test tube, as shown in Figure 1. 6. Add pre-ground Lactaid™ tablet to one flask containing 2 g lactose, as shown in Figure 1.
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What Is Lactose Intolerance? Lactose Intolerance Means You Have Symptoms Such As Bloating, Diarrhea, and Gas After You Have Milk Or Milk Products
What is lactose? Lactose* is a sugar found in milk and milk products. The small intestine produces lactase, an enzyme that breaks down lactose. The small intestine is an organ that breaks down the food you eat. Enzymes are proteins that help to cause chemical changes in the body. What is lactose intolerance? Lactose intolerance means you have symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and gas after you have milk or milk products. If your small intestine does not produce much lactase, you cannot break down much lactose. Lactose that does not break down goes to your colon. The colon is an organ that absorbs water from stool and changes it from a liquid to a solid form. In your colon, bacteria that normally live in the colon break down the lactose and create fluid and gas, causing you to have symptoms. *See the Pronunciation Guide for tips on how to say the words in bold type. What I need to know about Lactose Intolerance 1 The causes of low lactase in your small intestine can include the following: ● In some people, the small intestine makes less lactase starting at about age 2, which may lead to symptoms of lactose intolerance. Other people start to have symptoms later, when they are teenagers or adults. ● Infection, disease, or other problems that harm the small intestine can cause low lactase levels. Low lactase levels can cause you to become lactose intolerant until your small intestine heals. ● Being born early may cause babies to be lactose intolerant for a short time after they are born.
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Fermentation, Fermented Foods and Lactose Intolerance
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2002) 56, Suppl 4, S50–S55 ß 2002 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0954–3007/02 $25.00 www.nature.com/ejcn Fermentation, fermented foods and lactose intolerance NW Solomons1* 1Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City, Guatemala Lactose (milk sugar) is a fermentable substrate. It can be fermented outside of the body to produce cheeses, yoghurts and acidified milks. It can be fermented within the large intestine in those people who have insufficient expression of lactase enzyme on the intestinal mucosa to ferment this disaccharide to its absorbable, simple hexose sugars: glucose and galactose. In this way, the issues of lactose intolerance and of fermented foods are joined. It is only at the extremes of life, in infancy and old age, in which severe and life-threatening consequences from lactose maldigestion may occur. Fermentation as part of food processing can be used for preservation, for liberation of pre-digested nutrients, or to create ethanolic beverages. Almost all cultures and ethnic groups have developed some typical forms of fermented foods. Lessons from fermentation of non-dairy items may be applicable to fermentation of milk, and vice versa. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2002) 56, Suppl 4, S50 – S55. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601663 Descriptors: Fermentation; fermented foods; lactose; yoghurt; anacrobic microflora; prebotics; probotics Introduction accumulation of water produces dehydration and electrolyte Lactose (4-O-b-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose) is a disaccharide imbalance on the systemic side and watery stools on the sugar composed of glucose and galactose.
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LAB Enzymatic Activity of Lactase
Name Date Block Enzymatic Activity of Lactase OBJECTIVE The purpose of this lab is to explore the properties of the enzyme lactase. By the end of this lab, you should understand the biological function of enzymes and why they are important in the body. You should also examine the specificity of an enzyme to a specific substrate. INTRODUCTION Enzymes are a class of protein molecules that act as biological catalysts. You may already know some properties of chemical catalysts. They increase the rate of a reaction, but are not used up in the reaction. Enzymes share these features with chemical catalysts, but also have some important differences. One of the most important differences is that enzymes are usually much more specific than chemical catalysts. Enzymes recognize particular reactant molecules, called substrates, and convert them into products. In contrast, chemical catalysts usually act on a broad range of reactants. In an enzymatic reaction, the enzyme “recognizes” the substrate by its shape and by the position of its hydrogen bonding sites and binds the substrate to itself at the active site. Once at the active site, the substrate rapidly undergoes the enzyme catalyzed reaction. The enzyme you will be studying in this experiment is lactase, and the reaction it catalyzes is the hydrolysis of the disaccharide lactose into the monosaccharides galactose and glucose. Humans require this enzyme for digestion of lactose found in milk and other dairy products. The medical condition known as lactose intolerance results when the body produces insufficient amounts of lactase to digest the lactose found in these foods.
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A New Food Composition Database of Lactose-Free Products Commercialized in Spain: Differences in Nutritional Composition As Compared to Traditional Products
foods Article A New Food Composition Database of Lactose-Free Products Commercialized in Spain: Differences in Nutritional Composition as Compared to Traditional Products María Martínez Rodríguez, Ma de Lourdes Samaniego-Vaesken † and Elena Alonso-Aperte *,† Research Groups C08/0720 Food and Nutrition in Health Promotion2 and E02/0720 Nutrition for Life3, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain; [email protected] (M.M.R.); [email protected] (M.d.L.S.-V.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-91-3724773 † These authors share senior authorship. Abstract: We developed a new database to evaluate the nutritional composition of lactose-free products from Spain. The database includes dairy products and other products, all of which show the “lactose-free” declaration on their label, accounting for 327 products in total. Of these, 123 are dairy products, 16 are non-dairy products which include a dairy ingredient (5%) and 188 items (57% of the sample) are non-dairy products that do not contain any dairy ingredient. The main subgroups are yogurt (25%), milk (24%), and cheese (17%). Nineteen percent of the compiled products included Citation: Martínez Rodríguez, M.; nutritional claims on their labels. Most lactose-free products did not contain either added sugars or Samaniego-Vaesken, M.d.L.; low- or no-calorie sweeteners (58%), while 34% included added sugars and only 6%, sweeteners or a Alonso-Aperte, E. A New Food combination of both (2%). We found that 19.5%, mainly within the milk subgroup, were fortiﬁed Composition Database of with vitamins A, D, E, K, B9, and B12, P, and Ca.
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Hydrogen Breath Test
Hydrogen Breath Test What is a Hydrogen Breath Test? This is a test for bacterial overgrowth, or intolerance to lactose, fructose, or sucrose. Glucose is a sugar that will be broken down by bacteria (if present) in the small bowel with hydrogen or methane gas as a by-product. The breath sample will be analyzed for hydrogen or methane content to determine if you are able to properly break down the lactose, fructose, or sucrose, or if you have bacterial overgrowth. What can I expect from a Hydrogen Breath Test? This test requires that you drink a mixture of glucose, lactose, fructose, or sucrose in water. • Glucose is a sugar that will be broken down by bacteria (if present) in the small bowel with hydrogen as a by-product. • Lactose is the sugar found in milk and is normally broken down in the small bowel. • Sucrose is a common sugar found in foods such as candy. After drinking the solution, you will be asked to breathe into a plastic bag. Breath samples are obtained every 15 minutes for adults, and every 30 minutes for children. The breath sample will be analyzed for hydrogen content to determine if you are able to properly break down the lactose or sucrose, or if you have bacterial overgrowth. The test for glucose lasts about 2 hours and the test for lactose, fructose, and sucrose lasts about 2-3 hours. The test is performed in the Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory of the Medical Procedure Unit. How do I prepare for a Hydrogen Breath Test? Please follow the instructions below to ensure a successful test.
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Updated Nutrients and Serving Size for Pure Maple Syrup: Daily Value
Date: 1/15/17 Document #1017 BASCOM MAPLE FARMS Revision #: A COMPANY DOCUMENT SQF 2.3.4 (2 pages) Revised 9/25/18 Updated Nutrients and Serving Size for Pure Maple Syrup: Reviewed 8/26/19 Nutrient Units 100 gram 39.78g Daily 39.78g (30mL) Nutrients (30mL) Value Serving Size (unrounded) Serving Size (DRV/RDI) (Nutritional Facts) (unrounded) Water g 32.15 12.79 Energy kcal 270 107 110 Energy kJ Protein g 0.04 0.02 50 0 Total lipid (fat) g 0.24 0.10 78 0g, 0% Ash g 0.71 0.28 Carbohydrate, by 66.89 26.61 275 27g, 10% difference g Fiber, total dietary g 0 0 28 0g, 0% Sugars, total g 59.92 23.84 24g *Added Sugars see bottom of page 2 Sucrose g 58.93 23.44 Glucose (dextrose) g 0.65 0.26 Fructose g 0.34 0.14 Lactose g 0 0 Maltose g 0 0 Galactose g 0 0 Minerals Calcium, Ca mg 73 29 1300 29mg, 2% Iron, Fe mg 0.11 0.04 18 0mg, 0% Magnesium, Mg mg 21 8 420 8mg, 2% Phosphorus, P mg 2 1 1250 1mg, 0% Potassium, K mg 225 90 4700 90mg, 2% Sodium, Na mg 12 5 2300 5mg, 0% Zinc, Zn mg 0.7 0.3 11 0.3mg, 2% Copper, Cu mg 0.074 0.029 0.9 0.029mg, 4% Manganese, Mn mg 2.3 0.9 2.3 0.9mg, 40% Selenium, Se µg 0.6 0.2 55 0.2mg, 0% Vitamins Vitamin C, total ascorbic 0 0 90 0mg, 0% acid mg Thiamin mg 0.066 0.026 1.2 1.2mg, 2% Riboflavin mg 1.27 0.51 1.3 0.51mg, 40% Niacin mg 0.081 0.032 16 0mg, 0% Pantothenic acid mg 0.03 0.01 5 0mg, 0% Vitamin B-6 mg 0.002 0.001 1.7 0mg, 0% Folate, total µg 0 0 Folic acid µg 0 0 Folate, food µg 0 0 Folate, DFE µg 0 0 400 0mg, 0% Choline, total mg 1.6 0.6 550 Vitamin B-12 µg 0 0 2.4 0µg, 0% Vitamin B-12, added µg 0 0 Page 1 of 2 Vitamin
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19 Do Not Duplicate Functional Oligosaccharides a Trisaccharide Of
Do not duplicate Introduction to Carbohydrates: Oligosaccharides Dr. Yuan Yao Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research Short Course October 3, 2017 Basic Concepts 2 Do not duplicate • “Oligo-” is the prefix from Greek language “few”; Poly- “many” • Oligosaccharides: Products of glycosidic linkages of 2-20 monosaccharide units (most commonly 2-9). Polysaccharides: More than 20 units • In the disaccharides: the aglycone is a monosaccharide unit; higher order oligosaccharides are named “tri-”, “tetra-”, “penta-”, etc. • There can be α-/β-(1→2), (1→3), (1→4) or (1→6) glycosidic linkages, with different stabilities & digestibilities (as for human body) • The structures of oligosaccharides could be linear or branched. Linear: head-to-tail linkage, 1 reducing end, 1 non-reducing end Branched: 1 reducing end, multiple non-reducing ends Common Disaccharides 3 Do not duplicate • Disaccharides are the simplest oligosaccharides that are only composed of two monosaccharide units o Highly abundant in nature; or the products of incomplete hydrolysis of higher oligosaccharides or polysaccharides o Water-soluble, with sweet taste • Most Common: Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose, & Trehalose o Naturally occurring o As the main product of photosynthesis, sucrose is ubiquitous in all plants, with high abundance in sugar cane and beet, as well as fruits o Commonly known as table sugar, sucrose usually serves as a “standard” of sweetness for other sweeteners Common Disaccharides 4 Do not duplicate Sucrose • A disaccharide of one glucose and one fructose unit, connected via β-(1,2)-glycosidic linkage • The “head-to-head” linkage is unstable due to high strain, and is therefore easily hydrolyzed (acid-catalyzed, or enzymatic) • Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside 5 Common Disaccharides Inverted sugarDo (syrup) not duplicate • Sucrose could be readily hydrolyzed.
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