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Rohingnya and the Concept of Conflict Resolution

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Rohingnya and the Concept of Conflict Resolution Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 140 3rd Annual International Seminar and Conference on Global Issues (ISCoGI 2017) Rohingnya and The Concept of Conflict Resolution Fitria Martanti, Gadis Herningtyasari Fazulty of Islamic Studies Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract—Rohingnya conflict that occurred in prolonged conflicts and reaping responses from several countries in the due to things that are complex. Some of the problems that world as well as the response from the United Nations are triggered this were sentiments to religion, ethnicity, social, conflict between ethnic groups in Myanmar. The conflict economic and political issues. This paper will provide an occurred between ethnic Rohingnya which in fact the overview of the concept of conflict resolution that can be given majority of Muslims and ethnic Rakhine Buddhist majority. as a solution about conflict resolution in Myanmar. This research is a qualitative research that reveals phenomena The prolonged and non-existent conflicts must have been related to conflict Rohingnya, both the root of the conflict and triggered by several issues, especially in the absence of the concept of conflict resolution that can be given. Concept of concrete resolutions by the Myanmar government with conflict resolution by looking at the source of the problem and related parties. The great conflicts that occurred during 39 formulating a form of conflict resolution by adopting conflict years since 1978 until now still leaves a lot of problems that resolution in Indonesia mainly from conflict resolution in Poso, need to be solved. Ambon and Sampit. Forms of conflict resolution can be done Myanmar is a country in Southeast Asia which has the by conflict resolution based on political recognition. The lowest democracy level and based on the Failed Stattes settlement is expected to resolve the conflict due to political, Index Rating, Myanmar is considered as a failed state legal, economic, social, religious and cultural issues. Conflict resolution begins with full government involvement in because the state is incapable of carrying out three basic overseeing disputants, the role of the UN and ASEAN as a functions of the state namely security, welfare and mediator, the exclusion of the socio-economic aspects and the legitimacy or law enforcement [1]. The failed state can also domicile of the conflicting parties. be seen from the brutality and intensity of using violence in solving the problem. Myanmar, actually is a strong country Keywords: Rohingya, Resolution, Conflict and far from failure. This is because Myanmar's military power is very strong. The granting of failed state status is I. INTRODUCTION more due to Myanmar's inability to perform the country's Conflict is a common thing, especially in a country basic functions for its citizens. The status of a failed state which has many ethnic, religion, racial and cultural certainly has a significant impact on Myanmar's state and backgrounds. Indonesia as a country that has many tribes, diplomatic relations, but has no effect on the existence or religion and culture is one country which has great potential existence of Myanmar as a state, although the resolution of for conflict. Noted in several conflicts occurred in the conflict must be immediately carried out as to the impact Indonesia, such as the conflict in Poso that occurred in 1998 of the widespread conflict and will undoubtedly disrupt the and 2000. Similar conflicts occurred in Ambon in 1999 and stability of Myanmar own. in Sampit in 2001 and several other conflicts that occurred Reflecting on some of the conflicts in Indonesia and the in several other areas . The conflicts are caused not only by form of conflict resolution, a similar concept can also be the sentiments of certain religions but also on the sentiments undertaken by Myanmar as a form of conflict resolution of certain tribes, as well as indigenous and non-indigenous between Rohingnya ethnicity and Rakhine in the country. recognition. Some of these conflicts can gradually subside Myanmar must have concrete steps in solving problems that because of the peaceful settlement of various parties. bring religious and racial sentiments. Conflicts that occur and can not be resolved properly can disrupt the stability of the country. Conflict can be resolved, II. RESEARCH METHODS of course, if there is good faith from the ruling party to be This study uses qualitative research methods that able to provide solutions to the problems that occur, without produce descriptive data in the form of written or oral words the awareness of the authorities to quell the conflict would of the people and behavior that can be observed [2]. The be very difficult to resolve the conflict that occurred. approach used in this research is the description approach by Similarly to Indonesia, Myanmar is one of the most trying to reveal the phenomena that exist related to the potentially conflicting countries, it is because the problems conflict Rohingnya. Based on data retrieval techniques, this in this country are quite complex and Myanmar is one of the research is a documentary research because the data most ethnically populated countries inhabiting the country, obtained from various sources of literature through among them ethnic Burmese ethnically close to Tibet and magazines, newspapers, books and other sources related to China, Ethnic Kharen, Shan, Rakhine, Mon, Chin, Kachin, the theme of this research. Rohingnya and other smaller ethnic groups. The heated Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. 140 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 140 The concept of resolution is pursued by looking at the destroyed [8]. The 36,000 Muslims were forced out of root of the problem and formulating conflict resolution by Myanmar to Bangladesh [9]. adopting conflict resolution in Indonesia mainly from The conflict was also triggered because Rohingya as an conflict resolution in Poso, Ambon and Sampit. Conflict ethnic minority is not considered a citizen of Myanmar. The resolution in Indonesia is expected to provide a concrete Rohingnya ethnicity is still considered illegal immigrants in picture for the settlement of Rohingnya conflict in Myanmar, so it is not granted their citizenship status. As a Myanmar. result of the lack of citizenship, the Rohingyas were unable to access education, health care, and decent work. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Rohingnya ethnic presence really terabaiakan, marginalized Rohingya ethnic issues that stick out in the world is one and very apprehensive. of the problems that need to be resolved soon. Ethnic Rohingya people regarded as temporary residents are not Rohingnya is one of the ethnic groups who get allowed to work as teachers, nurses, public servants or in discrimination from their country of origin, Myanmar. The community services, they are considered to be stateless ruling junta of Myanmar, which has been in power since people and are not recognized by the government of 1962, is the most repressive regime in the world [3]. Myanmar so they are not allowed to vote. On the other hand Through discrimination, acts of violence, and expulsion by the government does not encourage reconciliation but the Myanmar government to Rohingya is intended as a form supports Buddhist fundamentalists with a view to of ethnic cleansing Rohingya inhabiting the Arakan region safeguarding their interests in the resource-rich region. of Myanmar. Violence through state institutions is not a new Myanmar's indifference to Rohing's ethnicity must be the thing that becomes a way for certain countries to reduce cause of the deteriorating living conditions of Rohingyas, as their population segment [4]. It is also believed to solve the well as violations of their socio-political rights. Another root problem immediately regardless of humanity and respect for of conflict is the envy of Rohingyas whose populations are human rights. Rohingnya conflict is widespread because increasing from year to year so that ethnic presence is Myanmar does not make efforts to prevent or resolve the perceived as reducing land and economic rights, especially conflict but instead Myanmar to do violence and expulsion in the Arakan region, which is at the center of Rohingnya of ethnic Rohingnya as a form of ethnic cleansing in the ethnic life. country. Seeing the problems in Myanmar in depth can not only The issue of Rohingnya is one form of ethnic conflict. be seen from the sentiment of religious issues and racial Ethnic conflict is a conflict related to the urgent issues of issues. This is in line with Wolf's analysis of the problems in political, economic, social, cultural, and territorial rights Myanmar precisely because of political and economic between two or more ethnic communities. The ethnic problems[10]. The fear of Buddhism will be suppressed by community is a concept used to describe a group of people Muslims plus Myanmar is surrounded by countries that are who share a common ancestor, the same social memory and predominantly Muslim, such as Bangladesh, Malaysia and some cultural elements[5]. The cultural elements are related Indonesia. Rohingnya citizens are considered a threat to the to a particular place, and have a more or less the same Buddhist lifestyle and belief, and fear of Islamization in history. Both of these are usually a measure of the solidarity Myanmar. of a community. Ethnic conflicts usually depart from local Another growing issue is also related to economic conflicts that have no ethnicity at all, but then widen their aspects. Rakhine is one of the poorest citizens of the cups, even across national boundaries. country, but it is rich in untapped natural resources. The conflict in Myanmar has peaked in 2012, triggered Rohingyas are regarded as an additional economic burden by ethnic Rakhine ethnic problems in the predominantly because of being rivals in getting a job and a chance to do Buddhist Arakan region of Rohingya, which is business.
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