Pseudotriton ruber by Robin Moore ISSN 1026-0269 FROGLOG Newsletter of the Declining Populations Task Force

April 2006, Number 74

Rebekah Gibble (2004) Modulating development. (2006) PhD Thesis, DAPTF Seed Grants 2006 effects of atrazine on antimicrobial Wageningen University, The Netherlands.

peptide secretion from the skin of ISBN 90-8504-354-9 We have completed our allocation of Xenopus laevis. ([email protected]) (Grant to Arno Gutleb, 1997) DAPTF Seed Grants for 2006. We Tibor Hartel, László Demeter & Dan ([email protected]) received 32 proposals from 23 countries, and we our funding 12 projects, an outlay Cogalniceanu (2004) The factors Herrera, R. A., Steciow, M. M. & Natale, of $23,133. This year, for the first time, influencing breeding habitat use of the G. S. (2005) Chytrid fungus parasitizing we are funding projects in Bolivia, Italy in the middle Târnava Mare the wild amphibian Leptodactylus and the Seychelles. Five of the projects Valley and upper Olt River Valley, ocellatus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in Romania. ([email protected]) Argentina. Diseases of Aquatic we are supporting in the USA are funded Organisms: 64; 247-252. by the ARMI; we are very grateful to them James Harvey (2004) Distribution and for their continuing support. Chester Zoo, estimation of adult global population size (Grant to Mónica Steciow & Raúl Herrera, UK is funding two projects, in Bolivia and of the critically endangered mistbelt moss 2003) Ecuador. Arthroleptella ngongoniensis. ([email protected])

Since 1992, the DAPTF has ([email protected]) Orton, F., Carr, J. A. & Handy, R. D. funded 167 projects through its Seed Stephen C. Richter & Brian I. Crother (2006) Effects of nitrate and atrazine on Grant programme, distributing $321,634 (2003). Genetic consequences of larval development and sexual to researchers in 49 different countries. population reduction and isolation in the differentiation in the northern leopard frog Our listing of papers that acknowledge critically endangered frog, Rana sevosa, Rana pipiens. Envtl. Toxicol. & Chem: the DAPTF as a source of funding, most with comparison to non-isolated 25; 65-71. of them in high-impact journals, now populations of two sister taxa, Rana (Grant to Frances Orton et al., 2003) stands at over 100. areolata and Rana capito. ([email protected])

Tim Halliday ([email protected]) Smith, G. R., Temple, K. G., Dingfelder,

Anna Schotthoefer (2004) Temporal and H. A. & Vaala, D. A. (2006) Effects of Reports on DAPTF Seed Grants

spatial analysis of ondatrae nitrate on the interactions of the tadpoles

Recipients of DAPTF Seed Grants are infection risk within reconstructed of two ranids (Rana clamitans and R. generally expected to publish the results wetlands. ([email protected]) catesbeiana). Aquatic Ecology: 40; 125- of their projects in refereed journals, or as Anna Schotthoefer (2004) Effects of a 130. articles in Froglog. They are also required crayfish predator and cover on the (Grant to Geoffrey Smith & Jessica to send us reports, so that their results transmission of Ribeiroia ondatrae, the Rettig, 2002) ([email protected])

can be made available to DAPTF trematode that causes limb deformities in members. Below is a list of reports that amphibians. ([email protected]) New Swiss we have received recently. Anyone David J. Zafft (2003) Cytridiomycosis in wanting a copy of a report should contact boreal toads from the Green River Amphibian Red the author in the first instance; we can List drainage, Wyoming. (Report by William supply copies if you cannot reach the M. Turner et al.) author. By Benedikt R. Schmidt and Silvia ([email protected])

Sebastián Barrionuevo & María Laura Zumbach Amy J. Lind (2004) Development of a Ponssa (2004) Monitoring three species database on reintroductions, Seventy percent of the twenty amphibian of Telmatobius (Anura: Leptodactylidae) translocations, and associated captive species that inhabit Switzerland are listed from montane streams of Tucumán breeding in amphibians. ([email protected]) on the updated Red List that was Province, northwest Argentina. The following papers report work compiled by the Swiss Amphibian and ([email protected]) Reptile Conservation Program KARCH supported by DAPTF Seed Grants: Arvin C. Diesmos (2002) The status of (http://www.karch.ch/) and published Philippine caecilians (Amphibia: Bank, M. S., Crocker, J. B., Davis, S., officially by the Swiss Governmental Ichthyophiidae). ([email protected]) Brotherton, D. K., Cook, R., Behler, J. & Agency for the Environment BUWAL Connery, B. (in press) Population Ansel Fong & Jean-Marc Hero (2003) (from 2006 on: BAFU) in November 2005. decline of northern dusky salamanders at This figure is more than twice that Population ecology of the stream-dwelling Acadia National Park, Maine, USA. Biol. Eleutherodactylus cuneatus on La Gran produced by the Global Amphibian Conservation: Assessment (Stuart et al. 2004). Piedra, eastern Cuba. (Grant to Michael Bank et al., 2002) ([email protected]) The updated Red List is based ([email protected]) on two years of field work. About 300 Ron Gagliardo (2004)Further exploration Gutleb, A. C. (2006) Detecting the sites were visited multiple times and in search of Atelopus varius in Costa effects of environmentally relevant thoroughly searched for amphibians. This Rica. concentrations of thyroid hormone field protocol allowed for the estimation of ([email protected]) disrupting compounds on amphibian detection probabilities and the proportion

1 of sites occupied by each species References: and Food Supply. This is clear evidence

(Schmidt 2005). Hence, absence is not Grossenbacher K., Lippuner M., that invasion into natural habitats has confounded with non-detection. Indeed, Zumbach S., Borgula A. & Lüscher B. already begun in Brazil (Feio, 1997). statistical analyses show that field 2002. Phenology and reproduction of 3 Adult bullfrogs are voracious predators workers did an excellent job and that brown frog species Rana latastei, R. and may be responsible for significant most species are present only in a few dalmatina, R. temporaria; developments levels of predation on native anurans and sites where they were not recorded. and status of the R. latastei populations other aquatic and terrestrial fauna, such Red List status was assessed in Mendrisiotto, southern Ticino, as snakes, , mice and turtles, according to the criteria of the World Switzerland, pp. 91-100 in Ferri V. (ed.): including young bullfrogs (Jim, 1997). Conservation Union (IUCN). Because Atti del terzo Convegno Salvaguardia Bullfrogs are highly aquatic and inhabit Switzerland is a small country, one might Anfibi. Progetto ROSPI & Museo warm, open, permanent ponds and rivers expect that many species will be red- Cantonale di Storia Naturale di Lugano, (Bruneau & Magnin, 1980; Bury & listed simply because their distributional Lugano. Whelan, 1984; Govindarajulu, 2004). ranges in Switzerland are small. They prefer non-vegetated or impacted Schmidt B. R., 2005. Monitoring the However, this is true for only a small areas, tolerating polluted waters better distribution of pond-breeding amphibians fraction of the species, such as Hyla than the majority of native species. In when species are detected imperfectly. intermedia and Triturus carnifex (both addition, the early stages of bullfrogs Aquatic Conservation, 15: 681-692. EN) and Rana latastei (VU) which are (eggs and larvae) are not palatable to the restricted to southern Switzerland. Most Schmidt B. R. & Zumbach S., 2005. Rote majority of predators, favouring its species are red-listed because they have Liste der gefährdeten Amphibien der expansion into new habitats. suffered strong population declines. Schweiz. BUWAL-Reihe: Vollzug Umwelt, Until now, there has been no Bern, Switzerland. 48 p. Population declines were estimated as report of R. catesbeiana occurring in the proportion of sites where the species Stuart S. N., Chanson J. S., Cox N. A., natural habitat within the Federal District. were known in the past but where they no Young B. E., Rodrigues A. S. L., However, three specimens of R. longer occur (IUCN Red List criterion Fischman D. L. & Waller R. W., 2004. catesbeiana have recently been found in A2c). Several species have experienced Status and trends of amphibian declines Santa Maria stream (16º02`07``S declines in the last twenty years of more and extinctions worldwide. Science, 306: 48º00`38``W) during a University of 1783-1786. than 50% (Alytes obstetricans, Bombina Brasilia study. There are no official variegata, Bufo calamita, Hyla arborea, bullfrog farms near this collecting site, but Triturus cristatus, and T. vulgaris – all First it is possible that there are illegal farms in EN). These declines are staggering, Occurrence of the region of Santa Maria city. This given the fact that amphibians have been Bull Frogs hypothesis is confirmed by a report from protected by federal law since 1966 and (Rana a farmer that some neighbors had started that it is (at least in theory) forbidden to catesbeiana) in bullfrog farming, but had abandoned it destroy amphibian breeding sites. Federal District, due to a lack of a market, killing the Only one species has Central Brazil adults and releasing young bullfrogs into responded favourably to conservation nature. action. Rana latastei was formerly CR By Rocha-Miranda, F.; Martins Silva, All collected were adult and is now in category VU. This is M.J. & Mendonça, A. F. females with SVLs of 22.5, 19.4 cm and because intensive surveys located The bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) is native 15.7 cm; weights were 550, 290 and several hitherto unknown populations and to central and eastern USA and 262g respectively. All individuals were because many new ponds were southeastern Canada, but was green or medium brown in colour with constructed in the restricted range of the white and yellow belly colours and dark 2 introduced into Brazil in 1935 (Rio de species in Switzerland (about 25 km ; Janeiro State) through authorized spots characteristic of the species. see Grossenbacher et al. 2002 for a importing by the Brazilian Government Considering that the usual weight of review). (ISSG, 2005). Since the beginning, its juveniles is around 200g, the 250g (about All the species suffering heavy farming potential generated great three months of age) of the collected declines are species that prefer economic interest, because of its high specimens suggests that they are very temporary ponds, from small wheel ruts reproductive capacity, growth rate, well-suited to the natural environment. to large ponds that dry out only once resistance to diseases and high meat The stomach content of the every couple of years. Consequently, the value. Moreover, the species is well- collected animals was also analyzed and focus of amphibian conservation action adapted to the Brazilian climate, which consisted mostly of invertebrates, should shift towards the recreation of a provides a longer reproductive period and especially aquatic insets. However, we more natural hydrology at the landscape higher growth rate in comparison with also found young frogs inside the level. If this is possible, then many native habitats (Fortes et al., 2004). stomachs, indicating the possible impact patches will be temporarily flooded, of bullfrogs on native species. The creating prime habitat for all amphibians. Currently, there are about eight occurrence of young frogs in the diet of Unfortunately, implementing such a large companies farming bullfrogs, with R. catesbeiana has been observed in conservation strategy will be difficult, 600 establishments in Brazil (Bezerra, other regions of the country (Fortes et al given Switzerland’s current political 2001). The estimated meat production of 2004). climate. This leads us to expect that 400 tons/year is destined almost entirely None of the animals captured had Switzerland’s amphibians face a dire for the domestic market, but is still mature eggs, so we cannot determine if future. thought to be insufficient to meet demand R. catesbeiana is reproducing in the Fur further information please (Heifer, 2001). 1,500 to 4,000 animals natural environment. It is essential to set contact: Benedikt Schmidt at are slaughtered daily to provide meat, up an effective monitoring program in this [email protected] liver (in the form of paté), skin (for diverse products), oil (for the perfume industry); area to verify new occurrences and to The Adobe pdf of the Swiss Amphibian what is left is recycled as frog food. check for reproduction in the natural Red List is available from the website of Bullfrogs are common in rivers environment, as R. catesbeiana already KARCH: and lakes that drain ranicultural areas reproduces in natural habitats in the http://www.karch.ch/karch/d/pro/rolia/med (mainly in the South region), due to South region (Fortes et al., 2004). ia/RoteListe_BUWAL_KARCH.pdf diverse structural and methodological Finally, it is clearly a matter of (This will open the pdf of the German problems in bullfrog cultures registered urgency to set up management and text; the Red List is also available in by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock monitoring programs in the Federal French and Italian.)

2 District to seek to control bullfrogs and to modifications, high temperature, toxins, animals from the same site were understand the invasion dynamics of this lack of vitamin D or calcium) have led to compared and statistically analysed. species in the Cerrado biome. malformations under laboratory Since 1994, 13 taxa (Salamandra

References: conditions (Berger, 1968, 1971; salamandra, Triturus vulgaris, T. Bezerra, J.A. 2001. Ranicultura: Salto de Cummings, 1987, 1989; Harfenist et al., alpestris, T. dobrogicus, T. carnifex, Qualidade. Revista Globo Rural on line 1989; Muto, 1969a, 1969b, 1970). Bombina bombina, Bufo bufo, B. viridis, 189: pp 01-02 Reports on amphibian deformities have Pelobates fuscus, Rana temporaria, R. (http://globorural.globo.com) become more common from the early arvalis, R. dalmatina, R. esculenta c.),

Bruneau, M. & Magnin, E. 1980. 1990s and the deformity frequency was both Caudata and Anura species showed Croissance, nutrition et reproduction des often well above the 2% background deformities. Three of them (T. vulgaris, B. ouaouarons Rana catesbeiana Shawn value, frequently reaching 10-30% in the bombina, R. esculenta c.) also had (Amphibia: Anura) des Laurentides au 1990s and 2000s with occasional findings multiple deformities, i.e. more deformity nord de Montréal. Can. J. Zool. 58: 175- up to 69-80% due to e.g. severe pesticide types on one individual or the same 183 pollution (Dubois, 1979; Ouellet et al., deformity type at different parts of the 1997; Vershinin, 1989). However, the body of the same individual. Four species Bury, R. B. and Whelan, J. A. 1984. study of amphibian deformities is still not (S. salamandra, T. dobrogicus, T. Ecology and management of the bullfrog. the focus of environmental research carnifex, B. bombina) had a higher U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and projects in Europe, as the example of relative frequency of deformities than Wildlife Service, Resource Publication Hungary demonstrates, where the earlier expected from the number of individuals 155, Washington, D.C. literature contains only one description of studied. It was surprising with S. Feio, R. N. Diversidade de anfíbios no a deformed amphibian, a Rana esculenta salamandra (no mass deformity Brasil. In: IX Encontro Nacional de individual with five legs (Dely, 1960). In observations had been made earlier) and Ranicultura, II International Meeting on 2005 up-to-date knowledge on even more with T. dobrogicus, which had Frog Research and Technology, 1997, deformities was collected and is briefly no earlier deformity records. On the other Santos. Anais. Santos: ABETRA/ABC, summarised here. hand, B. bombina, which had been 1997. 236 pp. 165-168 Hungary is a country of approximately known to show mass deformities, and T. Fortes, V.B; Gonsales, E.M.L; Branco, A.; 93,000 km2 today (historically it extended carnifex, which had different deformity Alves, F.C.; Martins, A.K. 2004. Perigo: to a three times larger area, which types in earlier studies (e.g. Flax & anfíbio exótico ameaça biodiversidade sometimes causes confusion when the Borkin, 1997; Arias & Zavanella, 1979; brasileira. Revista Sul Ambiental 4 (10). status of different species are revised Zavanella et al., 1984) could be expected

Govindarajulu, P. 2004. Introduced over time) situated entirely in the to have deformities more frequently than bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) in British Pannonian zoogeographical region in the other species. Columbia: impacts on native Pacific Central Europe in the middle of the Ectromely was the most common treefrogs (Hyla regilla) and red-legged Carpathian Basin. It consists mainly of deformity type; in most species more than frogs (Rana aurora). Ph.D. thesis. lowland and hilly areas with a mountain one type was detected. The most diverse University of Victoria, Victoria. Chapter 7. range in the northeast and in deformity types, altogether nine and

ISSG, 2005. Invasive Species Specialist Transdanubia with the highest peak of eight, were found in R. esculenta c. and Group of The World Conservation Union. 1,015 metre above sea level. The area of B. bombina, respectively. Altogether in 17 http://www.issg.org Hungary belongs to the catchment of cases, eight taxa (S. salamandra, T. three large rivers, the Danube, the Tisza dobrogicus, T. carnifex, B. bombina, B. Jim, J. O impacto da criação de rãs sobre and the Dráva. bufo, B. viridis, R. arvalis, R. esculenta c.) o meio ambiente. In: IX Encontro The study of amphibian deformities have been documented to show Nacional de Ranicultura, II International included individual site visits in all 50 km deformity frequencies over 3%. Mass Meeting on Frog Research and x 50 km UTM squares covering the deformities (> 10% frequency of Technology, 1997, Santos. Anais Santos: country and the annually-repeated amphibian deformities found in at least 50 ABETRA/ABC, 1997. 236 pp. 163-164. monitoring of more than 30 sampling individuals of the same developmental

sites along the River Danube, Ipoly and stage from the same species) were found Amphibian Tisza (Puky & Fodor, 2002). The length to be present in juveniles. deformity of the data series varied as the Nearly 90% of all deformities frequency and monitoring of the individual sites started recorded were found in deformity- monitoring between 1987 and 2000. Adult oriented monitoring, which emphasises methodology in amphibians were mainly examined during the importance of special amphibian Hungary their peak activity period, the spring deformity-monitoring surveys. To help

breeding season, when they migrated future data collection, a standardised By: Miklós Puky, DAPTF Working from land to water, but animals found monitoring protocol for juveniles and Group Chair later were also checked for deformities. adults was compiled on the basis of our The occurrence of amphibian The study of adult animals was especially field experience from 1994. The main deformities is known and documented for important with newts, because they have characteristics of the recommended centuries, as the first description dates the ability to heal deformities even after method include the investigation of at back to the 18th century (Vallisneri, metamorphosis has finished (Scadding, least 50 individuals per species per 1733). In the last thirty years several 1981) and they also have fewer offspring developmental stage, a three-level authors have described and categorised and at most sites they are less abundant categorisation (< 3% deformity rate, 3- different deformity types and have than Anura species. Juveniles were 10% deformity rate, >10% deformity rate, summarised the up-to-date knowledge in primarily studied in September, after they i.e. mass deformity if at least 50 this field (see e.g. Ouellet, 1999; Johnson had finished their dispersal because of individuals per species per et al, 2001). Apart from genetic reasons, other considerations, e.g. abundance developmental stage was checked) various environmental factors from estimations. In addition to health detailed description of deformity types, parasites to low temperature have also conditions, the growth characteristics of their location and symmetry (if more than been proved to cause deformities in the common species were also recorded for one occur) and the recording of additional wild (Dubois, 1983; Gardiner & Hoppe, further comparison between deformed information including both biotic and 1990; Ouellet et al., 1997; Rowe et al, and healthy individuals (Puky, 2001). abiotic parameters (for details see Fodor 1996, 1998; Rostand, 1958, 1959, 1971; Weight was measured with a spring & Puky, 2002). Woitkewitsch, 1961). Others (e.g. high balance, and length with KERN 462-41 Approximately 80% of all deformities tadpole density, water chemistry digital scales. Deformed and healthy described occurred along the River

3 Danube, Ipoly and Tisza (Puky & Fodor, Ukraine). In Böhme, W, Bischoff, W. & the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) caused 2002). In the Gemenc floodplain of the Ziegler T,(eds): Herpetologica Bonnensis, by conditions in a polluted habitat. Danube the frequency of amphibian Bonn (SEH). 119-123. Copeia. 244-246. deformities was over 3% for several Fodor, A. & Puky, M. (2002): Rowe, C. L., Kinney, O. M., Fiori, A. P., & species in several years (Puky, 2003; Herpetological methods: II. Protocol for Congdon, J. D. (1996): Oral deformities in Puky & Fodor, 2002). Mass deformities monitoring amphibian deformities under tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) associates (frequency 71%, 32%, 20%, respectively) temperate zone conditions. Opusc. Zool. with coal ash deposition: effects of also occurred there, and in two of the Budapest. 34: 45-52. grazing ability and growth. Freshwater three cases the length and weight of Gardiner, D. M. & Hoppe, D. M. (1999): Biol. 36: 723-730. deformed juveniles were significantly Environmentally induced limb Scadding, S. R. (1981): Limb shorter and lighter (p<0.01) than those of malformations in mink frogs (Rana regeneration in adult Amphibia. Can. J. the healthy individuals. The analysis of septentrionalis). J. Experimental Zool. Zool. 59: 34-46. the deformity types, species included, 284: 207-216. Vallisneri, A. (1733): Opere fisico- and habitat characteristics revealed four Harfenist, A., Power, T., Clark, K. L. & mediche. Volume 2. Venezia (Venice), possible causes (extremely high tadpole Peakall, D. B. (1989): A review and Italy. pp. 551. density, high water temperature, evaluation of the amphibian toxicological Vershinin, V. L. (1989): Morphological pesticides, and bacterial infection). literature. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. anomalies in urban amphibians. Average monthly temperatures, however, CWS. Technical Report Series No. 61. Ékologiya (3): 58-66. did not differ significantly between 1997 pp. 222. and 2001, and several other factors (e.g. Woitkewitsch, A. A. (1961): Le Johnson, P. T. J., Lunde, K. B., Haight, industrial pollution, and increased UV-B développement des extrémités R.W., Bowerman, J. & Blaustein A. R. radiation) cannot completely be excluded surnuméraires chez les amphibiens. Bull. (2001): Ribeiroia ondatrae (: Biol. Fr. Belg. 95: 569-600. (Puky & Fodor, 2002). Deformities were Digenea) infection induces severe limb only recorded when the Danube flooded Zavanella, T., Pacces Zaffaroni, N. Arias, malformations in western toads (Bufo the area, which emphasises the E. (1984): Abnormal limb regeneration in boreas). Can. J. Zool. 79: 370-379. importance of the medium in the process. adult newts exposed to the fungicide It also stresses the importance of further Muto, Y. (1969a): Anomalies in the hind maneb 80. A histological study. J. studies on amphibian deformities in limb skeletons of the toad larvae reared Toxicol. Env. Health. 13: 735-745. at a high temperature. Cong. Anom. 9: floodplains. 61-73. References: Froglog Shorts Muto, Y. (1969b): Hind limb development Arias, E, & Zavanella, T. (1979): and malformations of toes in the larvae Teratogenic effects of manganese reared at high temperature in the toad, ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (maneb) on Amphibian Declines in Latin America: Bufo vulgaris formosus. Cong. anom. 9: A special section of seven papers in the forelimb regeneration in the adult newt, 1-12. Triturus cristatus carnifex. Bull. Env. journal Biotropica 37 (2) (2005) is Muto, Y. (1970): Digital malformations in Contam. Toxicol. 22: 297-304. devoted to Amphibian Declines in Latin the forelimbs of the toad larvae reared at America and includes introductory and Berger, L. (1968): The effect of inhibitory a high temperature. Cong. Anom. 10: agents in the development of green-frog summary papers by Karen Lips. 135-147. tadpoles. Zool. Polon. 18: 381-390. DONATIONS:

Ouellet, M. (1999): Amphibian Berger, L. (1971): Viability, sex and deformities: current state of knowledge. We gratefully acknowledge receipt of the morphology of F2 generation within forms In: Sparling, D. W., Linder, G. & Bishop, following donations received prior to of Rana esculenta complex. Zool. Polon. C. (eds): Ecotoxicology of amphibians March 30, 2006: Matthew Mickiewicz, 21: 345-393. and reptiles. 617-661. Rebecca Christoffel, Bayard Brattstrom,

Cummins, C. P. (1987): Factors Ouellet, M., Bonin, J., Rodrigue, J., Julian C. Lee, Carol Hall and Alison Cree. influencing the occurrence of limb Desgranges, J-L. and Lair, S. (1997): deformities in common frog tadpoles Hind limb deformities (ectromely, raised at low pH. Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg. ectrodactyly) in free living anurans from 117(Suppl 1): 353-364. agricultural habitats. J. Wildl. Dis. 33: 95- Cummins, C. P. (1989): Interaction 104. between the effects of pH and density on Puky, M. (2001): A comprehensive three- growth and development in Rana year herpetological survey in the Gemenc temporaria L. tadpoles. Func. Ecol. 3: 45- Region of the Danube - Dráva National 52. Park, Hungary. Opusc. Zool. Budapest. Dely O. Gy. 1960): Une grenouille verte XXXIII: 113-128. (Rana esculenta L.) á cinq extrémités. Puky, M. & Fodor, A. (2002): Occurrence Vertebr. Hung. 2:41-47. of amphibian deformities along the Dubois, A. (1979): Anomalies and RANA and the US National Science Hungarian section of the River Danube, Foundation grant DEB-0130273 helped mutations in natural populations of the Tisza and Ipoly. Limnological Reports of support the publication of this issue. Rana “esculenta” complex (Amphibia, the International Association for Danube Anura). Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin. 55: 59-87. Research. 34: 845-852. FROGLOG is the bi-monthly Dubois, A. (1983): L’anomalie P des Rostand, J. (1958): Les anomalies des newsletter of the Declining Amphibian grenouille vertes (complexe de Rana kl. amphibiens anoures. Paris, France. Populations Task Force. Articles on esculenta Linné 1785) et les anomalies SEDES. pp. 100. any subject relevant to the voisines chez les amphibiens. In Vago, C. understanding of amphibian declines & Matz, G. (eds): Comptes Rendus du Rostand, J. (1959): L’anomalie P chez la should be sent to: Jeanne McKay, Premier Colloque International de grenouille verte (Rana esculenta L.). Bulletin Biol. Fr. Belg. 93: 7-15. Editor, Department of Biological Pathologie des Reptiles et des Sciences, The Open University, Walton Amphibiens. Angers, France. Presses de Rostand, J. (1971): Les étangs á Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, U.K. l’Université d’Angers. 215-221. monstres: histoire d’une recherche (1949- 1970). Paris, France: Stock. pp. 85. Tel: +44 (0) 1908 - 652274. Flax, N. L. & Borkin, L. J. (1997): High Rowe, C. L., Kinney, O. M. & Congdon, J. Fax: +44 (0) 1908 - 654167 incidence of abnormalities in anurans in E-mail: [email protected] contaminated industrial areas (eastern D. (1998): Oral deformities in tadpoles of

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