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A New Combination in Mononeuria (Caryophyllaceae)

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Phytotaxa 350 (1): 093–096 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press Correspondence ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.11 A new combination in Mononeuria (Caryophyllaceae) MARKUS S. DILLENBERGER1,2 & RICHARD K. RABELER3 1Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA. 2Institut für Organismische und Molekulare Evolutionsbiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzel-Weg 9a, 55099 Mainz, Germany. [email protected] 3University of Michigan Herbarium – EEB, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48108-2228, USA. [email protected] The nomenclatural change Mononeuria caroliniana comb. nov. is proposed on the basis of molecular phylogenetic results analyzing the nuclear internal transcribed spacer. Keywords: Minuartia, North America, taxonomy Introduction A recent molecular phylogenetic study of Minuartia Loefling in Linnaeus (1753: 89) sensu McNeill (1962) by Dillenberger & Kadereit (2014a) demonstrated that species formerly placed in Minuartia were members of 11 different lineages. The 33 North American species (north of Mexico; see Rabeler et al. 2005) are now part of Cherleria Linnaeus (1753: 425), Mononeuria Reichenbach (1841: 205), Pseudocherleria Dillenberger & Kadereit (2014b: 451), and Sabulina Reichenbach (1832: XXIV). The results by Dillenberger & Kadereit (2014a) was later accepted by several authors (e.g., Iamonico 2014, Hernández-Ledesma et al. 2015, Fedoronchuk & Mosyakin 2016, Iamonico 2016, Moore & Dillenberger 2017). Mononeuria was first published by Reichenbach (1841: 118) as a generic synonym to Alsine unranked Uninerviae Fenzl in Endlicher (1840: 965). Dillenberger & Kadereit (2014a) included all of the species of Minuartia sect. Uninerviae (Fenzl in Endlicher 1840: 965) Mattfeld (1921: 28) in Mononeuria, based on McNeill (1962). To confirm the placement and position of all North American species thought to belong to the genus Sabulina, we sequenced several taxa not included in Dillenberger & Kadereit (2014a) and found an unexpected placement of Sabulina caroliniana (Walter 1788: 141) Small (1933: 1504) in Mononeuria. Material & Methods Nuclear internal transcribed spacer of two individuals of Sabulina caroliniana and one individual of Mononeuria nuttallii (Torrey & A. Gray 1838: 183) Dillenberger & Kadereit (2014a: 84) were sequenced according to the methods described by Legler & Dillenberger (2017). Material was obtained from three specimens at OSC, i.e. S. caroliniana Sab34: USA. Georgia: Richmond County, 08 May 1992, Moore 1464 (OSC 181464, isovouchers at CM, GA), M. nuttallii Sab51: USA. Texas: Brazos County, 08 April 1992, Wipff & Jones 2244 (OSC 203770, isovoucher at UTEP), and S. caroliniana Sab52: USA. North Carolina: Richmond County, 05 May 1967, Bozeman & Logue 9124 (OSC 127623, isovouchers at CONV, CUH, DSC, FUGR, HTTU, KE, MISS, MUR, NBYC, NCU, PEMB, UBC, UNCC, USCH, USMS, VSC). The new sequences were included in a larger dataset of previously published sequences representing the entire Caryophyllaceae (128 samples and three outgroup samples; modified data set of Dillenberger & Kadereit 2014a, see TreeBASE to download the alignment). Sequences were aligned with MUSCLE v.3.8.31 (Edgar 2004) implemented in seaview v.4.3.0 (Gouy et al. 2010). Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using RAxML v.8.0.26 (Stamatakis et al. 2008) with the GTR+Γ substitution model and the fast bootstrap algorithm with automatic halt based on the autoMRE criterion. Sequences were submitted to GenBank (MG839540–MG839542); alignment and phylogenetic tree can be downloaded from TreeBASE (http://purl.org/ phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S22236). Isovouchers were located via consulting SEINet (http://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/) and type images were examined via JSTOR Plants (plants.jstor.org). Herbarium codes follow Thiers (2018+). Accepted by Duilio Iamonico: 24 Apr. 2018; published: 17 May 2018 93 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 Results The samples of Sabulina caroliniana are nested with high bootstrap support within Mononeuria (Fig. 1) being well-supported as sister to M. groenlandica (Retzius 1795: 107) Dillenberger & Kadereit (2014a: 84). The phylogeny unambiguously shows that S. caroliniana is not a member of Sabulina (Fig. 1). FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree obtained with RAxML. All clades collapsed except for Mononeuria and Sabulina. Bootstrap support values above branches only shown if ≥70. Discussion Sabulina caroliniana had usually been considered unrelated to any of the species now placed in Mononeuria. Mattfeld (1922) recognized S. caroliniana in sect. Sclerophylla Mattf. (1922: 22), where he placed each of the three species into its own series, recognizing the heterogeneous nature of the section. Small (1933) proposed to transfer S. caroliniana to Sabulina along with the five members of sect. Uninerviae known at that time, but segregating S. caroliniana and S. stricta (Michaux 1803: 274) Small ex Rydberg (1932: 320) from the others in an unranked group based on leaves being linear-subulate in those species. Weber (1989) published the new genus Minuopsis Weber (1989: 426), based on Mattfeld’s sect. Sclerophylla. Fig. 1 shows that the three members of Mattfeld’s section (and later Weber’s genus), i.e. Sabulina stricta, Sabulina nuttallii, and Sabulina caroliniana, although all perennials with woody taproots, are not closely related. Mononeuria caroliniana is found along the coastal plain of eastern North America, occupying sandy areas and oak or pine woodlands from New York south to Florida. It is most closely related to Mononeuria groenlandica, a mat-forming perennial ranging from Tennessee north to Greenland (and one isolated report in Brazil); in the southeastern United States, it is found on granite outcrops at higher elevations (Rabeler et al. 2005). 94 • Phytotaxa 350 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press DILLENBERGER & RABELER Taxonomic Treatment Mononeuria caroliniana (Walter) Dillenb. & Rabeler, comb. nov. Basionym:—Arenaria caroliniana Walter (1788: 141). ≡ Minuartia caroliniana (Walter) Mattf. (1921: 28) ≡ Sabulina caroliniana (Walter) Small (1933: 1504). Neotype (designated by Ward 2007):—USA. Georgia: Tattnall County, 3 mi W of Reidsville, 03 April 1948, A. J. Cronquist 4932 (GH non vidi, isoneotypes, FLAS51686!, MO non vidi, NY01185415!, PH00090974!, US00955677!). Acknowledgements We would like to thank Melanie Link-Perez (OSC) for providing herbarium material. References Dillenberger, M.S. & Kadereit, J.W. (2014a) Maximum polyphyly: Multiple origins and delimitation with plesiomorphic characters require a new circumscription of Minuartia (Caryophyllaceae). Taxon 63: 64–88. https://doi.org/10.12705/631.5 Dillenberger, M.S. & Kadereit, J.W. (2014b) Corrigendum to “Maximum polyphyly: Multiple origins and delimitation with plesiomorphic characters require a new circumscription of Minuartia (Caryophyllaceae)” [Taxon 63: 64–88, S1–S21. 2014]. Taxon 63: 451. https://doi.org/10.12705/632.42 Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research 32: 1792– 1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340 Endlicher, S. (1840) Genera Plantarum Secundum Ordines Naturales Disposita. Apud Fr. Beck Universitatis Bibliopolam, Vindobonae, 1484 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.728 Fedoronchuk, M.M. & Mosyakin, S.L. (2016) The genus Minuartia s. l. (Caryophyllaceae) in the flora of Eastern Europe: an overview of nomenclatural changes in the light of new molecular phylogenetic data. Ukrainian Botanical Journal 73: 134–143. https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj73.02.134 Gouy, M., Guindon, S. & Gascuel, O. (2010) SeaView version 4: a multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building. Molecular Biology and Evolution 27: 221–224. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp259 Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W.G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G., Ochoterena, H., Oxelman, B., Rabeler, R.K., Sánchez, A., Schlumpberger, B.O. & Uotila, P. (2015) A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Willdenowia 45: 281–383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301 Iamonico, D. (2014) Arenaria tenuifolia versus Arenaria hybrida (Caryophyllaceae): Nomenclatural study and taxonomic implications. Phytotaxa 173 (3): 235–240. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.3.6 Iamonico, D. (2016) Nomenclatural notes on four Linnaean names in Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae). Taxon 65 (3): 610–616. https://doi.org/10.12705/653.13 Legler, B.S. & Dillenberger, M.S. (2017) Two new species of Sabulina (Caryophyllaceae) from Washington State, U.S.A. PhytoKeys 81: 79–102. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.81.13106 Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, vol 1. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 560 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.37656 Mattfeld, J. (1921) Enumeratio specierum generis Minuartia (L.) emend. Hiern. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 57 (2, Beibl. 126): 27–33. Mattfeld, J. (1922) Geographisch-genetische Untersuchungen über die Gattung Minuartia (L.) Hiern. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis, Beihefte 15: i–iv, 1–228. McNeill, J. (1962) Taxonomic
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  • Rare and Uncommon Native Vascular Plants of Vermont Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department 09 August 2018

    Rare and Uncommon Native Vascular Plants of Vermont Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department 09 August 2018

    Rare and Uncommon Native Vascular Plants of Vermont Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department 09 August 2018 The Vermont Rare and Uncommon Native Vascular Plants List is produced by the Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department's Natural Heritage Inventory with assistance from the Scientific Advisory Group on Flora of the VT Endangered Species Committee. The Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory is the state’s official repository for records of rare, threatened, and endangered species. Information in the Natural Heritage Database is the result of work of botanists, natural resource professionals and interested amateurs. This list is intended to inform naturalists, biologists, planners, developers and the general public about our rare native flora. It contains a listing of the rare and uncommon, native, vascular plants of Vermont. These species may be rare because they have very particular habitat requirements, are subject to habitat loss, are at the edge of their range, are vulnerable to disturbance or collection, or have difficulty reproducing for unknown reasons. Some taxa on this list are rare varieties of otherwise common or exotic species, and are noted as such. Unless noted, varieties/subspecies on this list can be assumed to be the only varieties/subspecies of the species in Vermont. Species with a state status of Threatened or Endangered (T or E) are protected by Vermont’s Endangered Species Law (10 V.S.A. Chap. 123). Those with a federal status of Threatened or Endangered (LT or LE) are protected by the Federal Endangered Species Act (P.L. 93-205). The state and global ranks are informational categories regarding the rarity and extirpation/extinction risk of the species.
  • Minuartia Hybrida (Vill.) Schischk

    Minuartia Hybrida (Vill.) Schischk

    Minuartia hybrida (Vill.) Schischk. Fine-leaved Sandwort Minuartia hybrida is an annual with erect slender stems, white petals shorter than the white-bordered sepals and lower leaves crowded near to the base of the stem, giving the plant a ‘knotted’ appearance. It is confined to light, infertile soils, with habitats including chalk grassland, arable margins and abandoned arable land, quarries, chalk spoil heaps, weathered calcareous slopes and bare stony ground. In the British Isles the bulk of records are from southern England. It is considered a neophyte in Ireland and Wales, is extinct in Scotland, and is assessed as Endangered in Great Britain due to substantial declines. ©Liam Rooney IDENTIFICATION stems (to 20 cm) are also hairless and have swollen nodes with a purplish-tinge (Poland & Clement 2010). Minuartia hybrida has white petals that are usually distinctly shorter than the white-bordered sepals, although sometimes only marginally so (Pilkington 2007a), and so other SIMILAR SPECIES characteristics should be examined. M. hybrida may be confused with Arenaria serpyllifolia, and The presence of three stigmas and the absence of non- both have similar habitat preferences. However, A. flowering shoots are useful characters for identification in the serpyllifolia has oval-triangular leaves that are minutely field (Crawley 2005). The hairless gradually tapering leaves hairy. In addition, its habit is rather prostrate and ‘bushy’, as (linear-subulate) are 5-15 mm long (Stace 2010), have smooth opposed to the upright and ‘knotted’ habit of M. hybrida. margins, and may be straight or recurved (Poland & Clement 2010). HABITATS The lower leaves are crowded near to the base of stems, often M.