ALLBUS / GGSS German General Social Survey Codebook 1998 - ZA No. 3753 SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL: Klaus Allerbeck Jutta Allmendinger Wilhelm Bürklin Marie Luise Kiefer Walter Müller Karl Dieter Opp Erwin K. Scheuch ZENTRALARCHIV FÜR ZENTRUM FÜR UMFRAGEN, EMPIRISCHE SOZIALFORSCHUNG METHODEN UND ANALYSEN AN DER UNIVERSITÄT ZU KÖLN (ZUMA) Bachemer Str. 40 Postfach 12 21 55 D - 50931 Köln D - 68072 Mannheim Tel.: 0221 - 47 69 40 Tel.: 0621 - 1246-0 Contents Introduction p. 3 Note for Publications Using ALLBUS Data p. 3 Short Description of the ALLBUS / GGSS Project p. 4 Information for Analyses: Sampling Design and Weighting in the ALLBUS Surveys p. 7 Surveydescription: ALLBUS / GGSS 1998 p. 10 How to Read the Codebook p. 16 Codebook: Documentation of Data p. 18 Explanatory Notes p. 280 Variable List p. 334 Appendix Notes on the additional ALLBUS / GGSScompact 1998 (ZA No. 3754) ZA No. 3753 ALLBUS / GGSS 1998 Page 3 Introduction Note for Publications Using ALLBUS Data Research work using this ALLBUS data supplied by the Zentralarchiv should contain the following detailed source reference: The source of data used in this publication is "Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften" (ALLBUS) - German General Social Survey 1998. From 1980 to 1986 and in 1991, the ALLBUS program was funded by the DFG. For all other surveys, state and federal funding has been made available through GESIS (Ge- sellschaft sozialwissenschaftlicher Infrastruktureinrichtungen). ALLBUS / GGSS is accomplished by the Center for Survey Research and Methodology (ZUMA - Zentrum für Umfragen, Methoden und Analysen e.V., Mannheim) and the Central Archive for Empirical Social Research (ZA - Zentralarchiv für Empirische Sozialfor- schung, Cologne) in cooperation with the ALLBUS scientific council. Data and documentation are obtainable through the Central Archive for Empirical Social Research (ZA, Cologne). The institutions and persons mentioned above bear no responsibility for the use or interpretation of the data in this publication. Moreover, all ALLBUS data and other documentary materials should be quoted according to the rules of scientific citation. To facilitate the exchange of information within the scientific community, authors using ALLBUS are requested to send us bibliographic citations and, if possible, a copy of completed texts. Among other things, the appertaining information will be accessible online in our information-systems (e.g. ALLBUS-Bibliography (ZUMA), ZA-library catalogue search). ZA No. 3753 ALLBUS / GGSS 1998 Page 4 Short Description of the ALLBUS / GGSS Project The "German General Social Survey" (GGSS ("Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften" (ALLBUS))) was initiated as a joint project of ZUMA and Zentralarchiv in the mid-1970s. Its mission is to collect and disseminate high quality data for research and teaching in the social sciences. The core of its concept are repeated cross section surveys comprising a partly constant and partly varying program of questions which covers key areas of the social sciences. The first four surveys of the years 1980, 1982, 1984 and 1986 have been funded through individual grants of the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)).1 DFG funding has also been made available for an additional survey in 1991. The aim of this so-called "Basisstudie" (Baseline Study) was to provide ALLBUS data covering the special situation immediately after the German unification.2 With the foundation of the "German Social Sciences Infrastructure Services" (Gesellschaft sozialwissenschaftlicher Infrastruktureinrichtungen (GESIS)) on 12 December 1986, ALLBUS has been included into the state-federal funding of the institutes united by GESIS and institutionalized as a joint-venture of the Centre for 1 For the ALLBUS surveys 1980 to 1986, the following persons acted as applicants for funding by the DFG: - Prof. Dr. M. Rainer Lepsius (1980-82; University of Heidelberg) - Prof. Dr. Karl Ulrich Mayer (1984-86; Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin) - Prof. Dr. Walter Müller (1984-86; University of Mannheim) - Prof. Dr. Franz Urban Pappi (1984-86; University of Kiel) - Prof. Dr. Erwin K. Scheuch (1980-86; University of Cologne) - Prof. Dr. Rolf Ziegler (1980-86; University of Munich). 2 Primary applicants at the DFG for the ALLBUS-Baseline-Study were: - Prof. Dr. Peter Ph. Mohler (ZUMA, Mannheim, responsible) - Dr. Michael Braun (ZUMA, Mannheim) - Prof. Dr. Erwin K. Scheuch (University of Cologne) - Dr. Michael Häder (ZUMA, Mannheim) Further members of the ALLBUS scientific council participated in the application in an advisory role. ZA No. 3753 ALLBUS / GGSS 1998 Page 5 Survey Research and Methodology (ZUMA - Zentrum für Umfragen, Methoden und Analysen, Mannheim) and of the Central Archive for Empirical Social Research (ZA - Zentralarchiv für Empirische Sozialforschung an der Universität zu Köln). Simultaneously, the group of former DFG-applicants was reorganized into a scientific council (ALLBUS-Ausschuß). In May 2005 this scientific council consisted of: - Prof. Dr. Hans-Jürgen Andreß (University of Cologne, chair) - Prof. Dr. Andreas Diekmann (ETH Zurich) - Prof. Dr. Hubert Feger (University of Berlin) - Prof. Dr. Johannes Huinink (University of Bremen) - Prof. Dr. Heiner Meulemann (University of Cologne) - Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck (University of Duisburg) - Prof. Dr. Heike Solga (Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin)3 Working in close coordination with the scientific council, the ALLBUS department at the Centre for Survey Research and Methodology (ZUMA, Mannheim) is responsible for design and supervision of survey processes. For information on ALLBUS from ZUMA, please contact Dipl.-Soz. Michael Blohm (Tel.: +49 621/1246-276; Fax: +49 621/1246- 100; e-mail: [email protected]). Archiving, documentation, distribution, and integrative cumulation of ALLBUS data are handled by the Central Archive for Empirical Social Research in Cologne. Further information about the ALLBUS Data Service can be obtained through: Michael Terwey (Tel.: +49 221/47694-22; Fax: +49 221/47694-44; e-mail: [email protected]). 3 Previous members of the ALLBUS-council: - Prof. Dr. Klaus Allerbeck (University of Frankfurt) - Prof. Dr. Jutta Allmendinger (University of Munich) - Prof. Dr. Marie Luise Kiefer (University of Vienna) - Prof. Dr. Karl Ulrich Mayer (Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin) - Prof. Dr. Walter Müller (University of Mannheim) - Prof. Dr. Karl Dieter Opp (University of Leipzig) - Prof. Dr. Franz Urban Pappi (University of Mannheim) - Prof. Dr. Erwin K. Scheuch (University of Cologne) - Prof. Dr. Rolf Ziegler (University of Munich). See also the lists of primary investigators and council members in the surveydescriptions for the individual ALLBUS surveys and for the cumulation. ZA No. 3753 ALLBUS / GGSS 1998 Page 6 Since 1980, commercial polling institutes were entrusted with the field-work of the nationwide surveys (see further comments on technical details of the survey in the ALLBUS surveydescription following below). Finally, it ought to be emphasized that, besides these institutions, many other social scientists have contributed significantly to ALLBUS by proposing questions and offering valuable advice. The collection and preparation of ALLBUS data for a broad scope of social sciences has three key intents: - to investigate current social structures, attitudes and behavior in Germany - to monitor social change over long time - to supply those scientists and students who have no immediate personal access to empirical materials with easily obtainable, high quality data. Today, ALLBUS is an easily available and well documented source of data for research and teaching in the social sciences. A large part of the questions have already been tested in various previous surveys. If earlier questionnaires and publications could not show satisfying questions for certain areas of investigation, modified or new items have been developed specifically for ALLBUS. Acceptance of ALLBUS within the scientific community is widespread and reaches beyond national boundaries. Ever since the first ALLBUS survey in 1980, this series has been among the most requested data of the Central Archive for Empirical Social Research. As in a number of other countries, notably in the United Kingdom with the "British Social Attitudes" (BSA), in Poland with the "Polish General Social Survey" (PGSS), and in Japan with the "Japanese General Social Survey" (JGSS), the institutionalization of social monitoring comparable to the U.S. "General Social Survey" (GSS) has been successful.4 4Compare, for example: - James A. Davis, Tom W. Smith, Peter V. Marsden, General Social Surveys 1972-2002, National Opinion Research Center [producer] Chicago, IL, Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, Storrs, CT, Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Connecticut/Ann Arbor, MI [distributors] 2003. - Lindsay Brook, Susan Hedges, Roger Jowell, Jude Lewis, Gillian Prior, Gary Sebastian, Bridget Taylor, Sharon Witherspoon, British Social Attitudes. Cumulative Sourcebook - the first six surveys, Aldershot: Gower 1992. ZA No. 3753 ALLBUS / GGSS 1998 Page 7 Information for Analyses: Sampling Design and Weighting in the ALLBUS Surveys All ALLBUS samples are multi-stage stratified random samples, but they differ in design and in the way of selection or targeting units. In the early ALLBUS surveys the targeted sampling unit is a household. In this case, the probability