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Demeaned but Empowered: the Social Power of the Urban Poor in Jamaica / Obika Gray
DemeanedEmpowered.qxd 4/15/2004 12:30 PM Page i Demeaned but Empowered This page intentionally left blank DemeanedEmpowered.qxd 4/15/2004 12:30 PM Page iii Demeaned but Empowered The Social Power of the Urban Poor in Jamaica Obika Gray University of the West Indies Press Jamaica Barbados Trinidad and Tobago DemeanedEmpowered.qxd 4/15/2004 12:30 PM Page iv University of the West Indies Press 1A Aqueduct Flats Mona Kingston 7 Jamaica www.uwipress.com ©2004 by The University of the West Indies Press All rights reserved. Published 2004 08 07 06 05 04 5 4 3 2 1 CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION DATA Gray,Obika Demeaned but empowered: the social power of the urban poor in Jamaica / Obika Gray p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN: 976-640-153-5 1. Urban poor – Jamaica – Political activity.2. Urban poor – Jamaica – Social activity.3. Patronage, Political – Jamaica. 4. Community power – Jamaica. 5. Crime – Jamaica. I.Title. HV4063A5G72 2004 364.2'56'21 dc-21 Cover photo by Phillip Harris Book and cover design by Robert Harris. Set in Bembo 11/14 x 24 Printed in Canada. DemeanedEmpowered.qxd 4/15/2004 12:30 PM Page v To Osonye This page intentionally left blank DemeanedEmpowered.qxd 4/15/2004 12:30 PM Page vii Contents Acknowledgements / viii List of Abbreviations / xi 1 Rethinking Power: Political Clientelism and Political Subordination in Jamaica / 1 2 A Fateful Alliance / 23 3 Fulcrums of Power in the Ghetto / 53 4 Exilic Space, Moral Culture and Social Identity in the Ghetto / 91 5 Badness-Honour and the Invigorated Authority of the Urban -
Colonisation in the Caribbean and Beyond
Memory, Migration and (De)Colonisation in the Caribbean and Beyond edited by Jack Webb, Roderick Westmaas, Maria del Pilar Kaladeen and William Tantam INSTITUTE OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES Memory, Migration and (De)Colonisation in the Caribbean and Beyond edited by Jack Webb, Rod Westmaas, Maria del Pilar Kaladeen and William Tantam University of London Press Institute of Latin American Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2020 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/. This book is also available online at http://humanities-digital-library.org. ISBN: 978-1-908857-65-1 (paperback edition) 978-1-908857-66-8 (.epub edition) 978-1-908857-67-5 (.mobi edition) 978-1-908857-76-7 (PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/220.9781908857767 (PDF edition) Institute of Latin American Studies School of Advanced Study University of London Senate House London WC1E 7HU Telephone: 020 7862 8844 Email: [email protected] Web: http://ilas.sas.ac.uk Cover image: The Bronze Woman, Stockwell. Photograph by Cecile Nobrega. This book is dedicated to the Bronze Woman Charity, who with the OLMEC Charity work tirelessly for the Children of the Windrush. The Bronze Woman Statue, located in Stockwell Gardens, and depicted on the cover of this book, was the brainchild of Cecile Nobrega, a poetess, who was relentless in her pursuit to honour Caribbean womanhood. -
Simple Rural Funeral for Edwin Allen
� ' Gibbs photo! THE FINAL JOURNEY: The casket bearing the remains of the Clarendon, yesterday, viewed by a large group of onlookers on either former JLP Member of Parliament and Minister of Education, the side of the street. The two pallbearers at the front are Mr. Len Kirby Hon. Edwin Allen O.J. being borne to the cemetery in Frankfield, M,.P., on the left, and Mr. Clifton Stone M.P., on the right. Simple, rural funeral for Edwin Allen Clarendon consriruency yesterday, after an Thou�.ind� ot people p.i«kcd 1hr ,m.111. unpr<.' Fonner Jamaica Labour Party (Jl P) P.irlia official funeral service atrcnded principally by ICIHIOll� \,1m1 Bartholotnl'\.\'s ( hurd1 '" rra11kt1cld. mentarian and Minister of Education, the the Governor-General, rhc Most Hon. Sir Cl 1rendon, ,rnd <" crtlnwc d 1ntr> rhc rock 1. Hon. Fdwin Leopold Allen 0.J., was huned florizel Glasspole, and the Prime Minister, in a simple cemetery in his old North-West the Rt. Hon. Edward Seag.�. t \ '· ,j.'.,;, I . .,,-'� .�, ., eager schoolchildren (Cont'd from Page I) etht: best possible op Working His Purpose hilly terrain of the portunities for educating Our", followed by the from over-running the churchyard for the cere- the children of the poor, National Anthem. cemetery; and many people had tO climb mony which lasted some coincided with the prin The· casket, draped two hours. ciples of the political with the Jamaican Flag, trees tO get a last look at the casket. t A huge crowd lined party of which he was a was borne from the Other mourners at • the narrow, winding . -
Social Change and High School Opportunity in Guyana and Jamaica: 1957 - 1967
SOCIAL CHANGE AND HIGH SCHOOL OPPORTUNITY IN GUYANA AND JAMAICA: 1957 - 1967 by Jacob Galton Bynoe B.A. (External), University of London, 1957 Dip. Ed., University of the West Indies, 1959 M.A. (Ed.), University of British Columbia, 1964 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF EDUCATION in the Department of EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA February, 1972 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of j^dA.vc./f77Ty^'/yO. '^Sl^A^cLatZ^i^ The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, Canada Date JO ft Hj^JL} /?7V ii ABSTRACT The approach to nationhood and democratic government in Guyana and Jamaica during the 1950's and 1960's was characterised by a determination to reduce inequalities in the distribution of goods and services among various socio• economic groups. The thesis examines efforts made to lessen inequalities in educational opportunity, and assesses the results achieved. Specifically it enquires into the results of measures instituted during 1957 to 1967 to reduce inequalities in representation of different groups among high school free-place winners. -
Hugh Shearer
The Sunday Gleaner, December 31, 1967, p. 6. UGH_SHEARER ���·�·�· Man of t e -1967 . by.-: � There -�heis Political �Reporter hardly any· person ir. ALEXANDER'S WITHDRAWAL sm FROM T� POLITICAL scene has �o changed othe Jamaica who will be surprised at thE • thmgs to a great extent. For mstan.ce, one r·�- been a loss in the personal power selectton of the Hon. H u h Shear· sult has ct • g Mr. Norman Manley. It seems that people na- • Sir Alexander. er, a s Jamatca's political 0 l-'turally paired Mr. Manley with man and therefore the withdrawal of one means e tl 19 6 7 • He has towered head and gradual eclipse of the other. It is not that Mr. Manley )las lost his public standing: it just is s hou ld ers over every other Jamaican that people do not think of him any longer as • • • way 1• • the man to beat Mr. Shearer, in the same po ttlctan th" past year the tm,;as he was always considered the man to beat IS m • • • Sir Alexander Bustamante, pact h eh has d a ott the pohttcal hfe In other words, since the elections in Febru- J a t s a o£ Jamaica and in the influence��;.:. n te c te n e ��g s:� r�� o��� �!e!, ��; �a; a� �t�hill he has had on public affairs. a n p i . h h ne !�remarkable�� � �:: job.��; �; � �a: � �� �� : Indeed, as a public figure he has burst on whole is that out the Jamaican scene in such a The irony in the thing c u nO' s n Shearer did not consciously seek F:pe tar lar fashion' layi � his hand o 'Mr·. -
The Comprehensive High School in Jamaica
THE COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL IN JAMAICA by AUDREY ELOISE LINDSAY (Under the direction of William G. Wraga) ABSTRACT After WWII, as countries of Europe sought to rebuild their economies, many abandoned their elitist secondary school systems in favor of the democratic comprehensive high school model. Yet, even as these countries adopted a model created in the United States, critics at home cried for its demise. While a great deal has been written about the adoption of the comprehensive high school in developed countries, scant attention has been paid to its embrace and sometime rejection by developing states as they sought to replace their secondary systems with a more democratic one. The study traced the development of the comprehensive high school in a small state, Jamaica. It examined the factors that led to the recognition of the comprehensive school as an appropriate model for the country, the sources of support and opposition to the model, the impact of social and political forces on the policy process, the extent of implementation of the model, and the future possibilities for the model in the Jamaican secondary school system. The roles of actors in the various arenas of policy making were examined. The introduction of the model immediately after the Jamaica's independence from Britain was contrasted with the more recent Reform of Secondary Education (ROSE) initiative. The decision to break with the tradition of borrowing educational programs from the past and imposing them on current school populations, by instead tailoring the model to the needs of the local situation, appears to have contributed to successful implementation of the comprehensive high school in Jamaica.