DOCSLIB.ORG

Brushless DC Motor Fundamentals

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Brushless DC Motor Fundamentals AN047 Brushless DC Motor Fundamentals Brushless DC Motor Fundamentals Application Note Prepared by Jian Zhao/Yangwei Yu July 2011 AN047 Rev. 1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 1 5/7/2014 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2014 MPS. All Rights Reserved. AN047 Brushless DC Motor Fundamentals ABSTRACT This application note provides a general overview of BLDC motors, including their advantages against other commonly-used motors, structure, electromagnetic principles, and mode of operation. This document also examines control principles using Hall sensors for both single-phase and three-phase BLDC motors, and a brief introduction to sensorless control methods using BEMF for a three-phase BLDC motor. AN047 Rev. 1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 2 5/7/2014 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2014 MPS. All Rights Reserved. AN047 – BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR FUNDAMENTALS INDEX ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 4 2. MOTOR FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS ............................................................................................. 4 2.1 General principle of motor ......................................................................................................... 4 a. Magnetic force ..................................................................................................................... 4 b. Left-hand rule ...................................................................................................................... 4 c. Right-hand rule .................................................................................................................... 6 d. Right-hand screw rule .......................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Stator ........................................................................................................................................ 7 2.3 Rotor ......................................................................................................................................... 7 2.4 Operation theory of motor ......................................................................................................... 8 3. VARIOUS MOTOR TYPES ................................................................................................................ 8 3.1 Various types of motor introduction ........................................................................................... 9 a. Brushed DC motor ............................................................................................................... 9 b. Brushless DC (BLDC) motor ................................................................................................ 9 c. AC induction motor (ACIM) ................................................................................................ 10 d. Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) ............................................................... 10 e. Stepper motor & Switched reluctance (SR) motor ............................................................. 10 3.2 Comparison for various motor types ....................................................................................... 12 4. BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR CONTROL ............................................................................................. 13 4.1 Switch configuration and PWM ............................................................................................... 13 4.2 Electronics commutation principle ........................................................................................... 13 a. Single-phase BLDC motor ................................................................................................. 13 b. Three-phase BLDC motor ................................................................................................. 15 c. Sensorless control of BLDC motor ..................................................................................... 17 5. SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 18 REFERENCES: ................................................................................................................................... 19 AN047 Rev. 1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 3 5/7/2014 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2014 MPS. All Rights Reserved. AN047 – BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR FUNDAMENTALS 1. INTRODUCTION The BLDC motor is widely used in applications including appliances, automotive, aerospace, consumer, medical, automated industrial equipment and instrumentation. The BLDC motor is electrically commutated by power switches instead of brushes. Compared with a brushed DC motor or an induction motor, the BLDC motor has many advantages:[1] Higher efficiency and reliability Lower acoustic noise Smaller and lighter Greater dynamic response Better speed versus torque characteristics Higher speed range Longer life This document initially provides a general overview to familiarize the reader with motor control fundamentals, terms and concepts, and applications. The latter portion of this document provides detailed descriptions of motor structure, working principle, characteristics and control methods. 2. MOTOR FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS 2.1 General Motor Principles Motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy using electromagnetic principles. The energy conversion method is fundamentally the same in all electric motors. This document starts with a general overview of basic electromagnetic physics before entering discussing the details of motor operation. a. Magnetic Force Magnetic poles generate invisible lines of magnetic force flowing from the north pole to the south pole as shown in Figure 1. When magnetic poles of opposite polarity face each other, they generate an attractive force, while like poles generate a repulsive force. N S N S S N N S a) Unlike-pole attraction (b) Like-pole repulsion Figure 1—Magnetic Force b. Left-Hand Rule Current in a conductor generates a magnetic field. Placing a conductor in the vicinity of a separate magnetic can generate a force that reaches its apex when the conductor is at 90° to the external field. The left-hand rule can help the user determine the direction of the force, as shown in Figure 2(a). AN047 Rev. 1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 4 5/7/2014 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2014 MPS. All Rights Reserved. AN047 – BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR FUNDAMENTALS Left-Hand Rule: Extend the left hand with the thumb and four fingers on the same plane with the thumb pointing out. Face the palm towards the north pole of the external magnetic field and the four fingers in the direction of the current; the thumb points in the direction of the force. N N F - + i e v B B S S (a) Left-Hand Rule (b) Right-Hand Rule Figure 2—Left-Hand Rule and Right-Hand Rule The magnitude of the force can be calculated from the equation below: F= BIL sin θ (1) Where F is the electromagnetic force, B is the magnetic field density, I is the conductor current, L is the length of the conductor, and θ is the angular difference between B and I. Given that a coil usually has two effective conductors: a-b and c-d shown in Figure 3(a), these two conductors induce two forces of opposite direction when current passes through in the magnetic field. F i O’ v O’ a a L L F OO’ r d e d e b b B r B F c O c O ? r v F (a) (b) (c) Figure 3—Coil in a Magnetic Field The torque is the product of the tangential force acting at a radius with units of force multiplied by length. If there are N continuous coil turns, and based on the parameters in Figure 3(b), the generated torque equals: TDT= 2rFN = 2rBILN = K I (2) Where: • TD is the electromagnetic torque (N·m) • r is the distance between axis OO’ and the conductor (m) • N is the number of winding turns • KT=2rBLN is the torque constant (N·m/A). AN047 Rev. 1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 5 5/7/2014 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2014 MPS. All Rights Reserved. AN047 – BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR FUNDAMENTALS c. Right-Hand Rule The movement of the conductor in the magnetic field induces an electromotive force known as the BEMF. The right-hand rule can determine the direction of the force as shown in Figure 2(b). The Right-Hand Rule: Stretch out the right hand with the four fingers and the thumb on the same plane,the palm facing the north pole of the external magnetic field, and the thumb pointing in the direction of the velocity of v. The four fingers point in the direction of the induced electromotive force. The magnitude of the induced electromotive force can be calculated as: E= BLv sin θ (3) Where: E is the induced electromagnetic force (V). v is the velocity of the conductor (m/s). θ is the angular difference between B and L (rad). When the motor rotates at an angular velocity of ω (rad/s) and there are N coil turns, the total electromotive force is: E= 2BLvN = 2BL ω=ω rN KE (4) Where: ω is the angular velocity (rad/s). r is the internal radius of the motor (m). KE=2rBLN is the electromotive force constant
Load more

Recommended publications
  • High Speed Linear Induction Motor Efficiency Optimization
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2005-06 High speed linear induction motor efficiency optimization Johnson, Andrew P. (Andrew Peter) http://hdl.handle.net/10945/11052 High Speed Linear Induction Motor Efficiency Optimization by Andrew P. Johnson B.S. Electrical Engineering SUNY Buffalo, 1994 Submitted to the Department of Ocean Engineering and the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Naval Engineer and Master of Science in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 2005 ©Andrew P. Johnson, all rights reserved. MIT hereby grants the U.S. Government permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of A uthor ................ ............................... D.epartment of Ocean Engineering May 7, 2005 Certified by. ..... ........James .... ... ....... ... L. Kirtley, Jr. Professor of Electrical Engineering // Thesis Supervisor Certified by......................•........... ...... ........................S•:• Timothy J. McCoy ssoci t Professor of Naval Construction and Engineering Thesis Reader Accepted by ................................................. Michael S. Triantafyllou /,--...- Chai -ommittee on Graduate Students - Depa fnO' cean Engineering Accepted by . .......... .... .....-............ .............. Arthur C. Smith Chairman, Committee on Graduate Students DISTRIBUTION
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 4,343,223 Hawke Et Al
    United States Patent (19) 11 4,343,223 Hawke et al. 45) Aug. 10, 1982 54 MULTIPLESTAGE RAILGUN UCRL-52778, (7/6/79). Hawke. 75 Inventors: Ronald S. Hawke, Livermore; UCRL-82296, (10/2/79) Hawke et al. Jonathan K. Scudder, Pleasanton; Accel. Macropart, & Hypervel. EM Accelerator, Bar Kristian Aaland, Livermore, all of ber (3/72) Australian National Univ., Canberra ACT Calif. pp. 71,90–93. LA-8000-G (8/79) pp. 128, 135-137, 140, 144, 145 73) Assignee: The United States of America as (Marshall pp. 156-161 (Muller et al). represented by the United States Department of Energy, Washington, Primary Examiner-Sal Cangialosi D.C. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-L. E. Carnahan; Roger S. Gaither; Richard G. Besha . - (21) Appl. No.: 153,365 57 ABSTRACT 22 Filed: May 23, 1980 A multiple stage magnetic railgun accelerator (10) for 51) Int. Cl........................... F41F1/00; F41F 1/02; accelerating a projectile (15) by movement of a plasma F41F 7/00 arc (13) along the rails (11,12). The railgun (10) is di 52 U.S. Cl. ....................................... ... 89/8; 376/100; vided into a plurality of successive rail stages (10a-n) - 124/3 which are sequentially energized by separate energy 58) Field of Search .................... 89/8; 124/3; 310/12; sources (14a-n) as the projectile (15) moves through the 73/12; 376/100 bore (17) of the railgun (10). Propagation of energy from an energized rail stage back towards the breech 56) References Cited end (29) of the railgun (10) can be prevented by connec U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS tion of the energy sources (14a-n) to the rails (11,12) 2,783,684 3/1957 Yoler ...r.
    [Show full text]
  • Permanent Magnet DC Motors Catalog
    Catalog DC05EN Permanent Magnet DC Motors Drives DirectPower Series DA-Series DirectPower Plus Series SC-Series PRO Series www.electrocraft.com www.electrocraft.com For over 60 years, ElectroCraft has been helping engineers translate innovative ideas into reality – one reliable motor at a time. As a global specialist in custom motor and motion technology, we provide the engineering capabilities and worldwide resources you need to succeed. This guide has been developed as a quick reference tool for ElectroCraft products. It is not intended to replace technical documentation or proper use of standards and codes in installation of product. Because of the variety of uses for the products described in this publication, those responsible for the application and use of this product must satisfy themselves that all necessary steps have been taken to ensure that each application and use meets all performance and safety requirements, including all applicable laws, regulations, codes and standards. Reproduction of the contents of this copyrighted publication, in whole or in part without written permission of ElectroCraft is prohibited. Designed by stilbruch · www.stilbruch.me ElectroCraft DirectPower™, DirectPower™ Plus, DA-Series, SC-Series & PRO Series Drives 2 Table of Contents Typical Applications . 3 Which PMDC Motor . 5 PMDC Drive Product Matrix . .6 DirectPower Series . 7 DP20 . 7 DP25 . 9 DP DP30 . 11 DirectPower Plus Series . 13 DPP240 . 13 DPP640 . 15 DPP DPP680 . 17 DPP700 . 19 DPP720 . 21 DA-Series. 23 DA43 . 23 DA DA47 . 25 SC-Series . .27 SCA-L . .27 SCA-S . .29 SC SCA-SS . 31 PRO Series . 33 PRO-A04V36 . 35 PRO-A08V48 . 37 PRO PRO-A10V80 .
    [Show full text]
  • Magnetism Known to the Early Chinese in 12Th Century, and In
    Magnetism Known to the early Chinese in 12th century, and in some detail by ancient Greeks who observed that certain stones “lodestones” attracted pieces of iron. Lodestones were found in the coastal area of “Magnesia” in Thessaly at the beginning of the modern era. The name of magnetism derives from magnesia. William Gilbert, physician to Elizabeth 1, made magnets by rubbing Fe against lodestones and was first to recognize the Earth was a large magnet and that lodestones always pointed north-south. Hence the use of magnetic compasses. Book “De Magnete” 1600. The English word "electricity" was first used in 1646 by Sir Thomas Browne, derived from Gilbert's 1600 New Latin electricus, meaning "like amber". Gilbert demonstrates a “lodestone” compass to ER 1. Painting by Auckland Hunt. John Mitchell (1750) found that like electric forces magnetic forces decrease with separation (conformed by Coulomb). Link between electricity and magnetism discovered by Hans Christian Oersted (1820) who noted a wire carrying an electric current affected a magnetic compass. Conformed by Andre Marie Ampere who shoes electric currents were source of magnetic phenomena. Force fields emanating from a bar magnet, showing Nth and Sth poles (credit: Justscience 2017) Showing magnetic force fields with Fe filings (Wikipedia.org.) Earth’s magnetic field (protects from damaging charged particles emanating from sun. (Credit: livescience.com) Magnetic field around wire carrying a current (stackexchnage.com) Right hand rule gives the right sign of the force (stackexchnage.com) Magnetic field generated by a solenoid (miniphyiscs.com) Van Allen radiation belts. Energetic charged particles travel along B lines Electric currents (moving charges) generate magnetic fields but can magnetic fields generate electric currents.
    [Show full text]
  • Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Dual-Rotor Generator for a Counter-Rotating Wind Turbine
    energies Article Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Dual-Rotor Generator for a Counter-Rotating Wind Turbine Filip Kutt *,† , Krzysztof Blecharz † and Dariusz Karkosi ´nski † Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gda´nskUniversity of Technology, 80-233 Gda´nsk,Poland; [email protected] (K.B.); [email protected] (D.K.) * Correspondence: fi[email protected]; Tel.: +48-58-347-19-39 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 31 March 2020; Accepted: 26 May 2020; Published: 2 June 2020 Abstract: Coaxial counter-rotating propellers have been widely applied in ships and helicopters for improving the propulsion efficiency and offsetting system reactive torques. Lately, the counter-rotating concept has been introduced into the wind turbine design. Distributed wind power generation systems often require a novel approach in generator design. In this paper, prototype development of axial-flux generator with a counter-rotating field and armature is presented. The design process was composed of three main steps: analytical calculation, FEM simulation and prototype experimental measurements. The key aspect in the prototype development was the mechanical construction of two rotating components of the generator. Sturdy construction was achieved using two points of contact between both rotors via the placement of the bearing between the inner and outer rotor. The experimental analysis of the prototype generator has been conducted in the laboratory at the dynamometer test stand equipped with a torque sensor. The general premise for the development of such a machine was an investigation into the possibility of developing a dual rotor wind turbine. The proposed solution had to meet certain criteria such as relatively simple construction of the generator and the direct coupling between the generator and the wind turbines.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016-09-27-2-Generator-Basics
    Generator Basics Basic Power Generation • Generator Arrangement • Main Components • Circuit – Generator with a PMG – Generator without a PMG – Brush type –AREP •PMG Rotor • Exciter Stator • Exciter Rotor • Main Rotor • Main Stator • Laminations • VPI Generator Arrangement • Most modern, larger generators have a stationary armature (stator) with a rotating current-carrying conductor (rotor or revolving field). Armature coils Revolving field coils Main Electrical Components: Cutaway Main Electrical Components: Diagram Circuit: Generator with a PMG • As the PMG rotor rotates, it produces AC voltage in the PMG stator. • The regulator rectifies this voltage and applies DC to the exciter stator. • A three-phase AC voltage appears at the exciter rotor and is in turn rectified by the rotating rectifiers. • The DC voltage appears in the main revolving field and induces a higher AC voltage in the main stator. • This voltage is sensed by the regulator, compared to a reference level, and output voltage is adjusted accordingly. Circuit: Generator without a PMG • As the revolving field rotates, residual magnetism in it produces a small ac voltage in the main stator. • The regulator rectifies this voltage and applies dc to the exciter stator. • A three-phase AC voltage appears at the exciter rotor and is in turn rectified by the rotating rectifiers. • The magnetic field from the rotor induces a higher voltage in the main stator. • This voltage is sensed by the regulator, compared to a reference level, and output voltage is adjusted accordingly. Circuit: Brush Type (Static) • DC voltage is fed External Stator (armature) directly to the main Source revolving field through slip rings.
    [Show full text]
  • Discrete and Continuous Model of Three-Phase Linear Induction Motors “Lims” Considering Attraction Force
    energies Article Discrete and Continuous Model of Three-Phase Linear Induction Motors “LIMs” Considering Attraction Force Nicolás Toro-García 1 , Yeison A. Garcés-Gómez 2 and Fredy E. Hoyos 3,* 1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering & Computer Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia—Sede Manizales, Cra 27 No. 64 – 60, Manizales, Colombia; [email protected] 2 Unidad Académica de Formación en Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Cra 23 No. 60 – 63, Manizales, Colombia; [email protected] 3 Facultad de Ciencias—Escuela de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia—Sede Medellín, Carrera 65 No. 59A-110, 050034, Medellín, Colombia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +57-4-4309000 Received: 18 December 2018; Accepted: 14 February 2019; Published: 18 February 2019 Abstract: A fifth-order dynamic continuous model of a linear induction motor (LIM), without considering “end effects” and considering attraction force, was developed. The attraction force is necessary in considering the dynamic analysis of the mechanically loaded linear induction motor. To obtain the circuit parameters of the LIM, a physical system was implemented in the laboratory with a Rapid Prototype System. The model was created by modifying the traditional three-phase model of a Y-connected rotary induction motor in a d–q stationary reference frame. The discrete-time LIM model was obtained through the continuous time model solution for its application in simulations or computational solutions in order to analyze nonlinear behaviors and for use in discrete time control systems. To obtain the solution, the continuous time model was divided into a current-fed linear induction motor third-order model, where the current inputs were considered as pseudo-inputs, and a second-order subsystem that only models the currents of the primary with voltages as inputs.
    [Show full text]
  • DC Motor Workshop
    DC Motor Annotated Handout American Physical Society A. What You Already Know Make a labeled drawing to show what you think is inside the motor. Write down how you think the motor works. Please do this independently. This important step forces students to create a preliminary mental model for the motor, which will be their starting point. Since they are writing it down, they can compare it with their answer to the same question at the end of the activity. B. Observing and Disassembling the Motor 1. Use the small screwdriver to take the motor apart by bending back the two metal tabs that hold the white plastic end-piece in place. Pull off this plastic end-piece, and then slide out the part that spins, which is called the armature. 2. Describe what you see. 3. How do you think the motor works? Discuss this question with the others in your group. C. Mounting the Armature 1. Use the diagram below to locate the commutator—the split ring around the motor shaft. This is the armature. Shaft Commutator Coil of wire (electromagnetic) 2. Look at the drawing on the next page and find the brushes—two short ends of bare wire that make a "V". The brushes will make electrical contact with the commutator, and gravity will hold them together. In addition the brushes will support one end of the armature and cradle it to prevent side- to-side movement. 1 3. Using the cup, the two rubber bands, the piece of bare wire, and the three pieces of insulated wire, mount the armature as in the diagram below.
    [Show full text]
  • Electric Vehicle Modeling Utilizing DC Motor Equations
    1 Electric Vehicle Modeling Utilizing DC Motor Equations Clay S. Hearn, Damon A. Weeks, Richard C. Thompson, and Dongmei Chen Abstract— This paper discusses modeling an electric utility vehicle powered by a separately wound DC motor. Many modeling techniques use steady state efficiency maps and torque- speed curves to describe the performance of electric motors, which can overlook transient response dynamics, current limits, and thermal limits that may affect the end vehicle performance. This paper discusses using bond-graph techniques to develop a causal model of an electric vehicle powered by a separately wound DC motor and development of the appropriate feed- forward and feed-back controllers required for route following. The causal model performance is compared to a PSAT model of the same electric vehicle, which uses motor torque-speed curve and efficiency map. Fig. 1. Columbia ParCar SUV-LN electric utility vehicle Index Terms—dc motors, PSAT, bond graphs, modeling, and for particular applications. The Center for Electromechanics electric vehicle has successfully used PSAT in the past to predict on-route energy usage of a plug-in hydrogen fuel cell shuttle bus. I. INTRODUCTION Tuned PSAT model predictions of energy consumption matched data collected from on-road testing to within 5% [1]. ll electric utility vehicles such as the Columbia ParCar PSAT is considered a forward looking model since a A SUV-LN, shown in Figure 1, are used in a wide variety controlled drive torque demand is used to control the vehicle of industrial and commercial applications where tools, following a particulate route. From the motor torque and equipment, and personnel need to be transported efficiently vehicle speed, quasistatic model techniques are used to track with zero emissions.
    [Show full text]
  • Linear Shaft Motor Vs
    Linear Shaft Motor vs. Other Linear Technologies Linear Shaft Motor Traditionally, linear electric motors have been designed by Linear Shaft Motor “opening out flat” their rotary counterparts. For every rotary motor there is a linear motion counterpart, although the opposite of this No influence from Coil Magnets statement may not always be true. Thus, corresponding to the change in gap DC motor and AC induction, stepper and synchronous motor, we Standard Linear Motor have the Linear DC Motor (DCLM), Linear Induction Motor (LIM), Linear Pulse Motor (LPM), and Linear Synchronous Motor (LSM), respectively. Although this does provide a solution, a number of Cogging by concentration of flux inherent disadvantages arise. Absorption force Like the voice coil motor, the force velocity (FV) curve of the Linear Shaft Motor is a straight line from peak velocity to peak force. The Linear Shaft Motor’s FV curves are split into three regions. The first is what we call Continuous Force. It is the region in which the motor can operate indefinitely without the need for any external cooling, including heat sinks. The second is Acceleration Force, which is the amount of force that can be delivered by the motor for 40 seconds without the need for any external cooling. The third region, the Peak Force, is limited only by the power which can be supplied and the duty cycle. It is limited to 1 to 2 seconds. Your local Nippon Pulse application engineer can help you map this for your particular application. The Linear Shaft Motor is a very simple design that consists of a coil assembly (forcer), which encircles a patented round magnetic shaft.
    [Show full text]
  • Why the Exlar T-LAM™ Servo Motors Have Become the New Standard of Comparison for Maximum Torque Density and Power Efficiency
    Why the Exlar T-LAM™ Servo Motors have Become the New Standard of Comparison for Maximum Torque Density and Power Efficiency By Richard Welch Jr. - Consulting Engineer November 3, 2008 Introduction According to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 63-65% of a typical manufacturing plant’s monthly electric bill goes to pay for all the electricity consumed by the electric motors operating in the plant. Hence, with a steady rise in electricity cost along with constant pressure to lower manufacturing cost, if you ask plant managers to describe the three most important words associated with electric motors they quickly respond by saying its “efficiency”, “efficiency” and “efficiency”. As you can see, no matter how you arrange these three words “efficiency” is always at the top of your list. Furthermore, systems and design engineers who build equipment used in manufacturing plants constantly search for electric motors that provide the “most bang for least buck”. Therefore, producing electric motors that have the highest obtainable torque density (i.e., continuous torque output per motor volume) along with maximum power efficiency has become a real challenge for all motor manufacturers. To meet this challenge for both high torque density and maximum power efficiency, Exlar has developed its T-LAM™ stator that’s now being used in all SLM and SLG brushless DC servo motors and in all GSX and GSM rotary actuators [1]. Hence, the focus of this paper is to show you graphically why the T-LAM servo motor has become the new standard of comparison for torque density and power efficiency.
    [Show full text]
  • Gsm Based Controlling of Coil Gun Using Dtmf Technology
    www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | Volume 5, Issue 3 September 2017 | ISSN: 2320-2882 GSM BASED CONTROLLING OF COIL GUN USING DTMF TECHNOLOGY 1Jobin Joseph, 2Ramkumar Raju, 3Ghilby Jaison Varghese 1UG Student, 2UG Student, 3Assistant Professor Dept. of CSE, 1Computer Science And Engineering, 1Mar Baselios Christian College of Engineering and Technology, Peermade, India ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract : Our project GSM based controlling of gun using DTMF technology, is an electromagnetic gun that can be controlled by a person at anywhere around the globe. The system use a DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) technology for controlling the coil gun. That can be make possible through the support of GSM (Global System for Mobile) network. The controlling process is carried out by the programmed microcontroller (AT89C52), which is more faster. The Electromagnetic Induction can be used to rifle the bullets, So we can easily increase the power of the gun by adding the number of coil stages and increase the number of turns. Our project is one of the safest and secured weapon. Index Terms: GSM, DTMF, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION The concept of Triggering/Position/Motion control has evolved since end of 18th century. Simply, triggering/position/motion control means to control the movement of the object accurately based on different physical parameters such as speed, load, distance, inertia etc. individually or a combination of these factors. Different types of techniques are used to control the Coil gun and speed of the AC motor, DC motor or Stepper motor. These methods includes digital or analog inputs, concept of Phase locked loop (PLL) etc. The common means of controlling devices are using switches.
    [Show full text]