Green IT Autor: Juan Marcos Pérez Directora: Mg

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Green IT Autor: Juan Marcos Pérez Directora: Mg P á g i n a | 1 Título: Virtualización y Green IT Autor: Juan Marcos Pérez Directora: Mg. Lía Molinari Carrera: Licenciatura en Sistemas Como humanos, nos apasionan los avances y la amplia adopción de las Tecnologías Informáticas. Las mismas han aportado enormes beneficios y han mejorado la calidad de vida de casi toda la humanidad, pero también han venido contribuyendo negativamente al medio ambiente sin que la mayoría de las personas se percaten de ello. Las computadoras y otras infraestructuras de tecnologías informáticas, consumen importantes cantidades de electricidad agregando una pesada carga sobre nuestras redes eléctricas y favoreciendo las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. El hardware de estas tecnologías plantea graves problemas ambientales durante su producción y su disposición. Estamos obligados a reducir o eliminar en lo posible el impacto medioambiental de las Tecnologías Informáticas para ayudar a crear un entorno más sostenible. Green IT se refiere al uso eficiente de los recursos informáticos minimizando el impacto ambiental, maximizando su viabilidad económica y asegurando deberes sociales. En esta tesina el objetivo general es realizar una investigación sobre Green IT y su relación con las diferentes Tecnologías Verdes que existen en la actualidad tales como: Cloud Computing, Grid Computing y Virtualización, con el propósito de identificar el ahorro de los diversos tipos de recursos y el impacto positivo en el medio ambiente. Basado en las investigaciones teóricas se pudo Green IT, RoHS y WEEE, Virtualización, Cloud comprobar cómo Green IT, aplicándole “Tecnologías Computing, Grid Computing, huella de carbono, Verdes” tales como Cloud Computing, Grid Computing Tecnologías Verdes, Paravirtualización, Emulación, y Virtualización, proporcionan una nueva alternativa de Maquina Virtual, Hipervisor. trabajo más ecológica, que permite el ahorro de diferentes recursos. Los experimentos realizados demostraron que la performance y los tiempos de respuesta de las máquinas virtuales son similares a las físicas sumándole la ventaja que proporciona un ambiente virtualizado. Investigación sobre la tecnología y su influencia en el Green IT, Virtualización, Grid y Cloud Computing son medio ambiente. Regulaciones, huella de carbono, temas modernos en continuo crecimiento donde los materiales reciclables, etc. posibles trabajos futuros en líneas de investigación y Investigación y análisis de las diferentes Tecnologías prácticos son muy variados. Verdes. (Cloud y Grid Computing, Virtualización). Los mismos pueden incluir análisis más profundos Estudio y análisis de las aplicaciones que conforman el sobre cada una de estas Tecnologías Verdes, mercado actual. aplicación de métodos estadísticos, sondeos y Experimentos de performance, tiempo de respuesta y encuestas empresariales, estudio de estándares, consumo de energía en un entorno establecido con regulaciones y certificaciones, etc. aplicaciones de virtualización. Diciembre de 2011 P á g i n a | 2 Agradecimientos: A mis padres Juan y Dora, a mi hermana Silvia y su familia, por el apoyo incondicional que me brindaron a lo largo de la carrera. A mi novia Eliana por su amor, cariño y comprensión. A la profesora Lía Molinari por su asesoría y dirección en la realización de esta tesis. P á g i n a | 3 Índice de Contenidos Índice de Contenidos ................................................................................................................................... 3 ESTRUCTURA DE LA TESIS ............................................................................................................................ 7 INTRODUCCION GENERAL ............................................................................................................................ 8 Introducción de la Tesis de Grado ............................................................................................................ 8 Motivación............................................................................................................................................... 9 Objetivo ................................................................................................................................................... 9 CAPITULO 1 – GREEN IT ..............................................................................................................................11 1.1. Introducción ................................................................................................................................11 1.1.1. Impacto Ambiental ..............................................................................................................12 1.2. Orígenes ......................................................................................................................................13 1.3. Regulaciones e Iniciativas de la Industria .....................................................................................13 1.3.1. Energy Star & TCO Certification............................................................................................13 1.3.2. EPEAT ..................................................................................................................................14 1.3.3. Responsabilidad Extendida del Productor ............................................................................15 1.3.4. Acta de Reinversión y Recuperación Americana ...................................................................18 1.3.5. RoHS & WEEE ......................................................................................................................18 1.4. Green IT en América Latina ..........................................................................................................22 1.4.1. AmbienTIC ...........................................................................................................................24 1.5. Administración de la Energía .......................................................................................................25 1.6. Huella de carbono .......................................................................................................................28 1.6.1. Certificación de la Huella de carbono ...................................................................................32 1.6.2. Huella de Carbono Personal .................................................................................................38 1.6.3. Calculando nuestra huella ecológica ....................................................................................39 1.6.4. Huella Mundial ....................................................................................................................42 1.7. Materiales reciclables ..................................................................................................................43 1.8. Software y optimización de la implementación ............................................................................44 1.8.1. Eficiencia de Algoritmos .......................................................................................................44 1.8.2. Asignación de Recursos ........................................................................................................45 1.9. Tecnologías Verdes ......................................................................................................................46 1.9.1. Virtualización .......................................................................................................................46 1.9.2. Arquitectura Cliente-Servidor, Clientes livianos ....................................................................47 1.9.3. Cloud Computing .................................................................................................................48 1.9.4. Tele trabajo .........................................................................................................................48 P á g i n a | 4 1.9.5. Educación y Certificación .....................................................................................................49 CAPITULO 2 – CLOUD COMPUTING .............................................................................................................50 2.1 Introducción ................................................................................................................................50 2.2 Comienzos ...................................................................................................................................51 2.3 Características .............................................................................................................................52 2.4 Beneficios ....................................................................................................................................54 2.5 Desventajas .................................................................................................................................56 2.6 Aspectos Legales .........................................................................................................................57 2.7 Capas en Cloud Computing ..........................................................................................................59 2.7.1 Infraestructura como Servicio (IaaS).....................................................................................59 2.7.2 Plataforma como servicio (PaaS) ..........................................................................................61 2.7.3 Software como servicio
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