DOCSLIB.ORG

Trophic Ecology of North Pacific Spiny Dogfish

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Trophic Ecology of North Pacific Spiny Dogfish TROPHIC ECOLOGY OF NORTH PACIFIC SPINY DOGFISH (SQUALUS SUCKLEYI) OFF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA WATERS _______________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories California State University Monterey Bay _______________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Marine Science _______________ by Jennifer S. Bigman Summer 2013 iii Copyright © 2013 by Jennifer S. Bigman All Rights Reserved iv v ABSTRACT Trophic Ecology of the North Pacific Spiny Dogfish, Squalus suckleyi, off central California by Jennifer S. Bigman Master of Science in Marine Science California State University Monterey Bay, 2013 Studies of predator-prey interactions aid in explaining community linkages, food web dynamics, and energy transfer in marine environments, and must be quantified to construct and implement fisheries management plans. Stomach content analysis (SCA) is the traditional method to determine food habits, which involves explicitly looking at the stomach contents, and results in a brief snapshot of the last meal. Stable isotope analysis (SIA) is an emerging method in marine studies that is based on using ratios of stable elements as tracers in assimilated tissue, and can result in longer-term data on the order of days to the lifetime of an organism. Nitrogen and carbon are the most common elements used for dietary data. Nitrogen is a proxy for trophic position and carbon is a proxy for the source of primary productivity. Because SIA is still in its infancy regarding studies on Chondrichthyans, it is beneficial to validate this method by concurrently studying both SIA and SCA. This study attempts to elucidate both short (SCA) and longer (SIA) term diet as well as factors affecting dietary variation of an abundant and economically important predator, Squalus suckleyi, the North Pacific Spiny Dogfish. Using SCA, three dominant prey types emerged: euphausiids, teleosts, and cephalopods. Euphausiids were found in 41% of stomachs containing food, with 87% of those containing only euphausiids. These crustaceans had the highest Prey-Specific Index of Relative Importance (% PSIRI) of 35.2 %, followed by teleosts (33.1 %) and cephalopods (27.1 %). Out of the factors season, size, geographic space, sex, and depth, only season and space were significant. The results suggested that North Pacific Spiny Dogfish consumed euphausiids during nine months of the year, and during the remaining three months, they fed on fishes and cephalopods, especially anchovies, sardines, and Market squid. The seasonal patterns in diet are though to be a reflection of prey availability. Spatial differences suggested that when offshore, dogfish fed offshore on euphausiids and when inshore, they fed on teleosts and cephalopods. Overall, North Pacific Spiny Dogfish were found to feed on prey with variable trophic positions in both inshore and offshore waters. The resulting isotopic composition of North Pacific Spiny Dogfish was consistent with the expected values of dogfish that consumed known prey species from SCA. This confirms the validity of using SIA to elucidate food habits of this species, and is more beneficial as it requires a drastically smaller sample size than SCA. Females and males did not differ in their trophic position or source of primary productivity. A slight relationship with trophic position and total length was only found in one statistical test, indicating more research to further investigate this relationship is needed. Female tropic position was higher inshore verses offshore, suggesting they feed on fishes and cephalopods inshore and euphausiids offshore. vi vii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. viii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................x CHAPTER I: Seasonal variation in the diet of the North Pacific Spiny Dogfish, Squalus suckleyi, off central California………………………………………………………………...1 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………..……2 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..…..4 Materials and Methods……………………………………………………………………..….9 Results………………………………………………………………………………………..16 Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………20 Literature Cited………………………………………………………………………………32 CHAPTER II: Feeding trends of the North Pacific Spiny Dogfish, Squalus suckleyi as inferred from stable isotope analysis………………………………………………………...55 Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………56 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..58 Materials and Methods……………………………………………………………………….61 Results………………………………………………………………………………………..66 Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………69 Literature Cited………………………………………………………………………………78 CONCLUSIONS……………………………………………………………………………93 viii LIST OF TABLES Chapter I: Table 1: Diet composition of North Pacific Spiny Dogfish……...…………………………..43 Table 2: Summary of Results of Individual RDA Models 1-10……………………………..44 Table 3: Summary of Overall RDA (Season + Longitude + Latitude) ……………………...45 Table 4: Summary of Overall RDA Diet Variable Loadings………………………………..45 Table 5: Summary of Overall RDA Factor Loadings………………………………………..45 Chapter II: Table 1: Sample size, mean and standard deviation of δ15N and δ13C, and source of all specimens used in the food web plot…………………………………………………..…….83 Table 2: Mean and standard deviation of total length, nitrogen, and lipid corrected carbon stable isotope values for all males and females…………………………………………...…83 Appendix 1: Summary table of δ15N, δ13C, and δ13C’, total length (mm), and C:N ratio for all Spiny Dogfish collected in 2004 and 2005 in central California…………………...………..91 ix LIST OF FIGURES Chapter I: Figure 1: Map of Study Site: Monterey Bay, California, U.S.A…………………………….46 Figure 2: Length frequency histogram of female and male Spiny Dogfish specimens collected 2004-2005 from NMFS SCL Survey..…………………...………………………………….47 Figure 3: Cumulative prey curve with associated standard deviation of 11 higher prey categories…………………………...………………………………………………………..48 Figure 4: Graphical representation of %PSIRI and %IRI for the dominant prey categories..49 Figure 5: Graphical representation of the %FO of the dominant prey categories…………...50 Figure 6: Graphical representation %IRI and %PSIRI of the 11 higher prey categories……51 Figure 7: Graphical representation of the %N and %W (Graph A) and %PN and %PW (Graph B) of the 11 higher categories………………………………………………………..52 Figure 8: Graphical representation of the %FO of the 11 higher prey categories…………...53 Figure 9: Ordination biplot of factors and response variables……………………………….54 Chapter II: Figure 1: Plot of C:N vs. d13C’ for 43 North Pacific Spiny Dogfish specimens………….…84 Figure 2: Collection site of Spiny Dogfish from central California, U.S.A………………....85 Figure 3: Length frequency histogram of females and males of Squalus suckleyi collected in 2004 and 2005 on a NMFS survey…………………………………………………………..86 Figure 4: Dual isotope plot of δ15N and δ13C’ for all individual Spiny Dogfish…………….87 Figure 5: Dual isotope food web of the Spiny Dogfish and its know prey from Chapter 1…88 Figure 6: Linear regression of δ15N and total length (mm)…………………………………89 Figure 7: Linear regression of δ13C’ and total length (mm)…………………….…………..90 x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to start off by thanking my committee members, Drs. David Ebert, James Harvey, and Scott Hamilton. Dave, thank you for your enthusiasm, encouragement, support, and knowledge over the last 4 years. I cannot thank you enough for being so supportive as an advisor and advancing my career by introducing me to other researchers at every opportunity. Jim and Scott: thank you for being on my committee and taking the time to contribute to my thesis project. The professors at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML) are extremely dedicated and passionate about marine science and education and this is why their students become great scientists! I feel very accomplished knowing that I have been able to be a part of MLML. I would also like to thank Bruce Finney, whom I consider an honorary committee member. Thank you for your time, patience, knowledge, and always having your door open so I can bother you with a million questions. Your enthusiasm for stable isotopes and ecology is one of the reasons I want to pursue that field. Many people at MLML were instrumental in this project. I would first like to thank some past PSRC’ers: Joe Bizzarro, Simon Brown, Kelsey James, Jenny Kemper, Megan Winton, and Mariah Boyle. I cannot thank Joe Bizzarro enough for always being there to help me with prey identification, methods, statistics, and edits. Simon helped me from Day 1, and I sincerely appreciate all the time he put into this project, especially the statistics. I am glad we shared the same love for coffee or I am not sure you would have helped me as much. (Just kidding!). Thank you to Jenny Kemper and Mariah Boyle who were a constant source of knowledge for this project. I’d like to thank Kelsey James for her support, advice, and bringing some fun to the lab. Also, thank you Kelsey for filling in as the graduate advisor, and providing support for my defense and graduation. I would also like to thank some present PSRC’ers: James Kunckey and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fish Bulletin 152. Food Habits of Albacore, Bluefin Tuna, and Bonito in California Waters
    UC San Diego Fish Bulletin Title Fish Bulletin 152. Food Habits of Albacore, Bluefin Tuna, and Bonito In California Waters Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7t5868rd Authors Pinkas, Leo Oliphant, Malcolm S Iverson, Ingrid L.K. Publication Date 1970-06-01 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME FISH BULLETIN 152 Food Habits of Albacore, Bluefin Tuna, and Bonito In California Waters By Leo Pinkas , Malcolm S. Oliphant, and Ingrid L. K. Iverson 1971 1 2 ABSTRACT The authors investigated food habits of albacore, Thunnus alalunga, bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, and bonito, Sarda chiliensis, in the eastern North Pacific Ocean during 1968 and 1969. While most stomach samples came from fish caught commercially off southern California and Baja California, some came from fish taken in central Califor- nia, Oregon, and Washington waters. Standard procedures included enumeration of food items, volumetric analysis, and measure of frequency of occur- rence. The authors identified the majority of forage organisms to the specific level through usual taxonomic methods for whole animals. Identification of partially digested animals was accomplished through the use of otoliths for fish, beaks for cephalopods, and the exoskeleton for invertebrates. A pictorial guide to beaks of certain eastern Pacific cephalopods was prepared and proved helpful in identifying stomach contents. This guide is presented in this publication. The study indicates the prominent forage for bluefin tuna, bonito, and albacore in California waters is the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Food Habits Study of Organisms of the California Current System, (Project 6–7-R), was an investigation estab- lished under contract between the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • 7. Index of Scientific and Vernacular Names
    Cephalopods of the World 249 7. INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC AND VERNACULAR NAMES Explanation of the System Italics : Valid scientific names (double entry by genera and species) Italics : Synonyms, misidentifications and subspecies (double entry by genera and species) ROMAN : Family names ROMAN : Scientific names of divisions, classes, subclasses, orders, suborders and subfamilies Roman : FAO names Roman : Local names 250 FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 1 A B Acanthosepion pageorum .....................118 Babbunedda ................................184 Acanthosepion whitleyana ....................128 bandensis, Sepia ..........................72, 138 aculeata, Sepia ............................63–64 bartletti, Blandosepia ........................138 acuminata, Sepia..........................97,137 bartletti, Sepia ............................72,138 adami, Sepia ................................137 bartramii, Ommastrephes .......................18 adhaesa, Solitosepia plangon ..................109 bathyalis, Sepia ..............................138 affinis, Sepia ...............................130 Bathypolypus sponsalis........................191 affinis, Sepiola.......................158–159, 177 Bathyteuthis .................................. 3 African cuttlefish..............................73 baxteri, Blandosepia .........................138 Ajia-kouika .................................. 115 baxteri, Sepia.............................72,138 albatrossae, Euprymna ........................181 belauensis, Nautilus .....................51,53–54
    [Show full text]
  • A Catalog of the Type-Specimens of Recent Cephalopoda in the National Museum of Natural History
    A Catalog of the Type-Specimens of Recent Cephalopoda in the National Museum of Natural History CLYDE F. E. ROPER and MICHAEL J. SWEENEY SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 278 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiotogy Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission
    A REVIEW OF THE CEPHALOPODS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA By S. Stillman Berry Stanford University, California Blank page retained for pagination A REVIEW OF THE CEPHALOPODS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA. By S. STILLMAN BERRY, Stanford University, California. J1. INTRODUCTION. "The region covered by the present report embraces the western shores of North America between Bering Strait on the north and the Coronado Islands on the south, together with the immediately adjacent waters of Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean. No attempt is made to present a monograph nor even a complete catalogue of the species now living within this area. The material now at hand is inadequate to properly repre­ sent the fauna of such a vast region, and the stations at which anything resembling extensive collecting has been done are far too few and scattered. Rather I have merely endeavored to bring out of chaos and present under one cover a resume of such work as has already been done, making the necessary corrections wherever possible, and adding accounts of such novelties as have been brought to my notice. Descriptions are given of all the species known to occur or reported from within our limits, and these have been made. as full and accurate as the facilities available to me would allow. I have hoped to do this in such a way that students, particularly in the Western States, will find it unnecessary to have continual access to the widely scattered and often unavailable literature on the subject. In a number of cases, however, the attitude adopted must be understood as little more than provisional in its nature, and more or less extensive revision is to be expected later, especially in the case of the large and difficult genus Polypus, which here attains a development scarcely to be sur­ passed anywhere.
    [Show full text]
  • Cruise Report for the Finding Coral Expedition
    CRUISE REPORTREPORT R/V FORFOR THETHE FINDINGFINDING CORALCORAL EXPEDITIONEXPEDITION Cape Flattery June 8th –23rd, 2009 Living Oceans Society PO Box 320 Sointula, BC V0N 3E0 Canada February 2010 PAGE 1 Putting the Assumptions To the Test Report Availability Electronic copies of this report can be downloaded at www.livingoceans.org/files/PDF/sustainable_fishing/cruise_report.pdf or mailed copies requested from the address below. Photo credits Cover photo credit: Red tree coral, Primnoa sp., Living Oceans Society Finding Coral Expedition All other photos in report: Living Oceans Society Finding Coral Expedition Suggested Citation McKenna SA , Lash J, Morgan L, Reuscher M, Shirley T, Workman G, Driscoll J, Robb C, Hangaard D (2009) Cruise Report for Finding Coral Expedition. Living Oceans Society, 52pp. Contact Jennifer Lash Founder and Executive Director Living Oceans Society P.O. Box 320, Sointula, British Columbia V0N 3E0 Canada office (250) 973-6580 cell (250) 741-4006 [email protected] www.livingoceans.org PAGE 2 Cruise Report Finding Coral Expedition © 2010 Living Oceans Society Contents Introduction and Objectives. 5 Background . 7 Expedition Members . 9 Materials and Methods . 11 Prelminary Findings. 21 Significance of Expedition . 39 Recommendtions for Future Research. 41 Acknowledgements . 43 References. 45 Appendices Appendix 1: DeepWorker Specifications . 47 Appendix 2: Aquarius Manned Submersible . 49 Appendix 3: TrackLink 1500HA System Specifications. 51 Appendix 4: WinFrog Integrated Navigation Software . 53 Figures Figure 1: Map of submersible dive sites during the Finding Coral Expedition.. 6 Figure 2: Map of potential dive sites chosen during pre-cruise planning. 12 Figure 3: Transect Map from Goose Trough. 14 Figure 4: Transect Map from South Moresby Site I.
    [Show full text]
  • Rossia Macrosoma (Delle Chiaie, 1830) Fig
    Cephalopods of the World 183 3.2.2 Subfamily ROSSIINAE Appellöf, 1898 Rossia macrosoma (Delle Chiaie, 1830) Fig. 261 Sepiola macrosoma Delle Chiaie, 1830, Memoire sulla storia e notomia degli Animali senza vertebre del Regno di Napoli. 4 volumes, atlas. Napoli, pl. 17 [type locality: Tyrrhenian Sea]. Frequent Synonyms: Sepiola macrosoma Delle Chiaie, 1829. Misidentifications: None. FAO Names: En – Stout bobtail squid; Fr – Sépiole melon; Sp – Globito robusto. tentacular club arm dorsal view Fig. 261 Rossia macrosoma Diagnostic Features: Body smooth, soft. Males mature at smaller sizes and do not grow as large as females. Mantle dome-shaped. Dorsal mantle free from head (not fused to head). Nuchal cartilage oval, broad. Fins short, do not exceed length of mantle anteriorly or posteriorly. Arm webs broad between arms III and IV. Non-hectocotylized arm sucker arrangement same in both sexes: arm suckers biserial basally, tetraserial medially and distally. Dorsal and ventral sucker rows of arms II to IV of males enlarged; ventral marginal rows of arms II and III with 1 to 3 greatly enlarged suckers basally (diameter 8 to 11% mantle length); dorsal and ventral marginal sucker rows of arms II to IV with more than 10 enlarged suckers (diameter 4 to 7% mantle length); suckers on median rows in males smaller than female arm suckers in size. Hectocotylus present; both dorsal arms modified: ventrolateral edge of proximal oral surface of hectocotylized arms bordered by swollen glandular crest, inner edge of which forms a deep furrow; glandular crest extends over entire arm length; suckers decrease in size from proximal to distal end of arms; biserial proximally, tetraserial distally (marginal and medial suckers similar in size, smaller than on rest of arm); arms with deep median furrow and with transversely grooved ridges.
    [Show full text]
  • CIESM Congress 1984, Lucerne, Article 0285
    185 B I B 1 I 0 G R A P H I E CEPHALOPODES 1983 1985 Les travaux marques • concernent le domaine mediterraneen ! Abalmasova, G. 1., 1984. - Energy metabolism rate in Stenoteuthis pteropus St. from the Atlantic Ocean under ex1Jerimental conditions. Ecol. Mor., 18: 67-70. Adam, W., 1983. - Cephalopoda from West and South Africa. Atlantide Rep., 13: 151-180. Aldred, R. G., Nixon, M. & Young, J. z., 1983. - Cirrhothauma murrayi Chun, a finned octopod. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B: 301 : 1-54. • Almosa, A. 1., 1982. - Bibliografia retrospectiva y descriptiva sobre pulpos y calamares (Cephalopoda). Bol. Bibliogr., 3: 1-12. Amaratunga, T., 1981. - Biology and distribution patterns in 1980 for squid (Illex illecebrosus) on the Scotian Shelf. NAFO SCR Doc. 81/VI/36. Serial Nr. N318, 10 pp. Amaratunga, T., 1983. - The role of cephalopods in the marine ecosystem. FAO, Fish. Tech. Rep. 231 (J. F. Caddy, ed.): 379-412. Ambrose, R. F. , 1983. - Yd.dden formation by octopuses : the role of biotic and abiotic factors. Mar. Behav. Physiol., 10: 137-144. Ambrose, R. F., 1984. - Dynamics of shallow-water populations of Octopus dofleini. Am. Ma.lac. Bull., 2 : 90. Ambrose, R. F., 1984. - Food preferences, prey availability, and the diet of Octopus bimaculatus Verrill. J. exp. mar. biol. ecol., 17: 29-44. •Ambrose, P,. F. & Nelson, B. V. , 1983. - Predation by Octopus vulgaris in the Mediterranean. Mar. Ecol., 4 : 251-261. • Andreu-Moliner, E. S. & Nunez, A., 1984. - Tecnica para el mantenimento de Octopus vulgaris en aquarios marinos con circulacion cerrada de agua. Inf. Tee. Inst.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Cephalopoda Primary Types
    Ver. 2 March 2017 RECENT CEPHALOPOD PRIMARY TYPE SPECIMENS: A SEARCHING TOOL Compiled by Michael J. Sweeney Introduction. This document was first initiated for my personal use as a means to easily find data associated with the ever growing number of Recent cephalopod primary types. (Secondary types (paratypes, etc) are not included due to the large number of specimens involved.) With the excellent resources of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and the help of many colleagues, it grew in size and became a resource to share with others. Along the way, several papers were published that addressed some of the problems that were impeding research in cephalopod taxonomy. A common theme in each paper was the need to locate and examine types when publishing taxonomic descriptions; see Voss (1977:575), Okutani (2005:46), Norman and Hochberg (2005b:147). These publications gave me the impetus to revive the project and make it readily available. I would like to thank the many individuals who assisted me with their time and knowledge, especially Clyde Roper, Mike Vecchione, Eric Hochberg and Mandy Reid. Purpose. This document should be used as an aid for finding the location of types, type names, data, and their publication citation. It is not to be used as an authority in itself or to be cited as such. The lists below will change over time as more research is published and ambiguous names are resolved. It is only a search aid and data from this document should be independently verified prior to publication. My hope is that this document will make research easier and faster for the user.
    [Show full text]
  • Unusual Inverts FINAL
    Unusual Bycatch in the Pink Shrimp Fishery Spot Prawn Pandalus platyceros Coonstripe Shrimp Sidestripe Shrimp Pandalopsis dispar Eualid Shrimp Eualus spp. Blade Shrimp • Two pairs of spots on tail Pandalus danae • Single white bar from head to tail • Rostrum prominent and spiny, but Spirontocaris spp. • White lines along carapace • Red/brown stripes from head to tail • If unbroken, they have a long, slender rostrum usually not longer than carapace • Rostrum deep and serrated • Red and white spots on head • Long antennae - 1.5 times length of body • ~10 species found on the West Coast • ~8 species found on the West Coast • Whitish in color Spots Rostrum Rostrum Carapace Lines White bar Largest pandalid shrimp species Second largest pandalid shrimp species Crangon Shrimp Horned Shrimp Deepwater Mud Shrimp Shame-faced Crab Squat Lobster Crangon spp. Paracrangon echinata Calicorides spinulacauda Platymera gaudichaudii Superfamily Galatheoidea • Rostrum short or absent • Heavily armored and spined • Burrowing shrimp. Offshore relative of Mud and • Two pointed spines on either side of carapace • Also called Tuna Bugs, Pelagic Red Crabs, Pinch Bugs • ~15 species found on the West Coast Ghost Shrimps found in bays and estuaries • Also known as Armored Box Crab • Commonly seen during El Niño years • Claws cover face Aegid Isopod Heart Urchin Fragile Urchin Market Squid Stubby Squid Aegid spp. Brisaster spp. Strongylocentrotus fragilis Doryteuthis opalescens (formerly Loligo opalescens) Rossia pacifica • Also known as Sea Cockroaches • Egg masses
    [Show full text]
  • Mating Behaviour of the Atlantic Bobtail Squid
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital.CSIC 1 MATING BEHAVIOUR OF THE ATLANTIC BOBTAIL SQUID 2 SEPIOLA ATLANTICA (CEPHALOPODA: SEPIOLIDAE) 3 4 M. RODRIGUES 1*, M. E.GARCI 2, A. GUERRA 2 & J. S. TRONCOSO 1 5 6 1Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo and Estación de Ciencias 7 Marinas de Toralla (ECIMAT - UVIGO), 36331, Vigo, Pontevedra. Spain. 8 2Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC, Vigo). 9 *Corresponding author: [email protected] 10 11 Running title: Mating behaviour of Sepiola atlantica 12 Key words: Reproductive behaviour, Mating, Sepiola atlantica , Cephalopods 13 14 ABSTRACT. — The mating behavioural pattern of the bobtail squid ( Sepiola atlantica ) was 15 observed and described for the first time in laboratory conditions. A total of five matings were 16 recorded. No type of courtship was noted in any of the mating events. In all the cases, the male 17 moved quickly toward the female holding her with his arms by the middle of the ventral region 18 of the mantle. The male, situated below the female, introduced his pair of dorsal arms (the left 19 dorsal arm is hectocotylized and passes the spermatophores) in the mantle cavity of the female, 20 while grasping her by the ventral region with his laterodorsal pair of arms and by the neck with 21 his lateroventral pair, sometimes introducing it into the female’s mantle cavity. The male 22 showed the same pattern of coloration during all the entire mating process, whereas the female 23 changed slowly and successively her chromatic pattern.
    [Show full text]
  • Spirula Spirula (L.): Systematic Importance and Comparison with Other Cephalopods
    HELGOLANDER MEERESUNTERSUCHUNGEN Helgol~inder Meeresunters. 44, 109-123 (1990) Ultrastructure of spermatozoa and spermiogenesis in Spirula spirula (L.): systematic importance and comparison with other cephalopods John M. Healy Department of Zoology, University of Queensland; St. Lucia 4067, Brisbane, Queensland Australia ABSTRACT: Spermatozoa and spermiogenesis in the deep-water cephalopod Spirula spirula (L.) are examined using transmission electron microscopy. Mature spermatozoa (taken from sper- matophores) are elongate cells 115-120 [tm long, composed of a conical acrosomal vesicle, cylindri- cal nucleus (6.8-7 Brn long), flagellum and a loose mitochondrial sleeve - the latter concealing the proximal 6-8 [Lm of the flagellum. The acrosomal vesicle is 2.8 [~m long with fibro-granular contents and an electron-lucent apical zone. Subacrosomal material, organized as closely packed granules, fills a basal invagination of the acrosomal vesicle. In early spermatids the flagellum is derived from a triplet substructure centriole positioned close to the developing nuclear invagination. As flagellum formation proceeds, the acrosomal vesicle (produced evidently through Golgi secretion) attaches to the condensing nucleus. Spermatids are connected by cytoplasmic bridges throughout their development, and exhibit a perinuctear sheath of microtubules from the onset of the fibrous stage of nuclear condensation (mid-, late spermatids). In mid-spermatids, tnitochondria collect posterior to the nucleus and subsequently are packed into a cylindrical extension of the plasma membrane to form the periflageUar mitochondrial sleeve. These features of spermiogenesis and mature sper- matozoa of Spirula clearly associate the Spirulidae with the Sepiida, Teuthida and Sepiolida - particularly with the latter order. However, pending results of a thorough review of coleoid sperm morphology, the Spirulidae are here included in their own order - Spirulida (of Reitner & Engeser, 1982) - rather than in either the Sepiida or Sepiolida.
    [Show full text]
  • 4. List of Nominal Species
    Cephalopods of the World 213 4. LIST OF NOMINAL SPECIES The following list gives information (horizontally) in the order (i) the scientific name as it originally appeared, in alphabetical order according to the specific name; (ii) the author(s); (iii) date of publication; and (iv) present allocation. NOMINAL SPECIES PRESENT ALLOCATION NAUTILIDAE Nautilus belauensis Saunders, 1981 Nautilus belauensis Nautilus macromphalus Sowerby, 1849 Nautilus macromphalus Nautilus perforatus Conrad, 1847 Allonautilus perforatus Nautilus pompilius Linnaeus (1758) Nautilus pompilius Nautilus repertus Iredale, 1944 Nautilus repertus Nautilus scrobiculatus Lightfoot, 1786 Allonautilus scrobiculatus Nautilus stenomphalus Sowerby, 1849 Nautilus stenomphalus SEPIIDAE Acanthosepion whitleyana Iredale, 1926 Sepia whitleyana Arctosepia limata Iredale, 1926 Sepia limata Arctosepia rhoda Iredale, 1954 Sepia rhoda Blandosepia bartletti Iredale, 1954 Sepia bartletti Blandosepia baxteri Iredale, 1940 Sepia baxteri Doratosepion trygoninum Rochebrune, 1884 Sepia trygonina Glyptosepia opipara Iredale, 1926 Sepia opipara Hemisepius typicus Steenstrup, 1875 Sepia typica Rhombosepion hieronis Robson, 1924a Sepia hieronis Rhombosepion robsoni Massy, 1927 Sepia robsoni Sepia aculeata Van Hasselt, 1835 Sepia aculeata Sepia acuminata Smith, 1916 Sepia acuminata Sepia adami Roeleveld, 1972 Sepia adami Sepia andreana Steenstrup, 1875 Sepia andreana Sepia angulata Roeleveld, 1972 Sepia angulata Sepia apama Gray, 1849 Sepia apama Sepia appellofi Wülker, 1910 Sepia appellofi Sepia
    [Show full text]