C O M P a S S I

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS REFEREED JOURNAL OF IIA ● ISSN-0019-4913 MAY 2021 VOLUME 86 ▲ ISSUE 05 ● RS. 100

COMPASSION

MAY 2021 3 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS The responsibility of the copyrights of all text and images lies with the authors of the articles. The views and opinions expressed are those of the authors/contribu-

MAY 2021 MAY tors and do not necessarily reflect those of JIIA’s Editorial Committee.

research 18 07 SUBALTERN EDITOR’S NOTE URBANIZATION Ar. Lalichan Zacharias AND THE SMALL TOWNS OF KARNATAKA 08 Ar. Aparna Shastri PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE research Ar. C. R. Raju, President, IIA 25 RETHINKING 09 DESIGN PEDAGOGY 4 THEME: THROUGH A COMPASSION PANDEMIC Ar. Tushar Sogani Ar. Glynn George 10 research LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 31 SILK SANYOG: Various UNIFYING SILK AND ITS PEOPLE 12 Madhuli Awasarkar A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS 34 Ar. Vilas Avachat CALL FOR PAPERS 14 37 REFLECTIONS ON DIALOGUE THE PAST AR. BRINDA SOMAYA CONTENTS JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL Past Presidents of IIA Ar. Apurva Bose Dutta MAY 2021 5 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Tariff Card Tariff Manipal University Jaipur IIA CHAPTER IIA NEWS ADVERTISING JIIA WITH newsletter 100 104 86 FIRKI: STUDIO STORIES SPINNING THROUGH ARCHITECTURE Studio Firki 90 ARCHITECTURE YOUTH THE FOR Young Architects the for The Roadmap Committee 92 OFSCHOOL ARCHITECTURE (SA&D) & DESIGN 95 OBITUARIES young practice young committee road map education newsletter BY SANJAY SANJAY BY

AN ODE TO NAOROJI DADABHAI (D.N.) HALL ISTANBUL poem 82 Brintha Lakshmi S. Dr. SKETCHES travelogue 78 Meena Mani Ar. photo essay THE THROUGH LENS OF AN ARCHITECT 72 Nitin M. Ghule Ar. landscape design A COMPASSIONATE, INTEGRATED APPROACH 66 Gaurav Bhatnagar Ar. book review book MOHE 63 K. Senthil Kumar Ar. 61 THE CONNECTING DOTS Manguesh R. Prabhugaonker Ar.

Ar. Mauktik Trivedi Ar. 54 feature Ar. Divya Ethirajan Ar. Pramod Jaiswal & Ar. 49 START TO WHERE FROM? THE UPLIFTING ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSION design feature Ar. Ashok Lall Ar. 46 SADAN SHANTI in memoriam Dr Shubhada Kamalapurkar Latkar & Dr Vaishali

JOSEPH ALLENJOSEPH AN ‘INDIAN’– STEIN ARCHITECT A JOURNEY FROMA JOURNEY MONUMENT CONSERVATION TO PRACTICES CULTURE-CENTRIC DEVELOPMENT APPROACH PROMOTING CULTURAL RESILIENCE heritage conservation heritage 42 MAY 2021 MAY

Prof. Jitendra Singh Prof. Chandrashekhar Prof. Parag Narkhede

Prof. Abir Bandyopadhyay Prof. Vinit Mirkar Prof. Rama Subrahmanian

BOARD OF REVIEWERS

Prof. Abhijit Natu

All Rights Reserved 2006. No part of this JIIA IS REFEREED JOURNAL 6 publication may be reproduced or transmitted in ISSN-0019-4913 any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, photocopying, recording or any information REGISTERED UNDER SOCIETIES storage or retrieval system without permission in REGISTRATION ACT, XXI OF 1860 writing from The Indian Institute Of Architects. JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE Only materials accompanied by stamped and OF ARCHITECTS self-addressed envelopes can be returned. No VOL 86 • ISSUE 05 • May 2021 responsibility is taken for damage or safe return by the Editor of JIIA. The Editor of The Indian Institute www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com Of Architects takes no responsibility for author’s opinion expressed in the signed articles.

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JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL [email protected] MAY 2021 7 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Ar. Mukul Goyal Ar. Ar. Tushar Sogani Tushar Ar. Dr. Shilpa Sharma Dr. Ar. Gita Balakrishnan Ar. Sudhakaran Dr. Pratheek Pratheek Dr. Prabhugaonker Ar. Brijesh Saijal Brijesh Ar. Ar. Manguesh R. Ar. Ar. Lalichan Zacharias Lalichan Ar. EDITORIAL TEAM EDITORIAL EDITOR’S NOTE EDITOR’S dalai lama david adjaye them Humanity cannot survive.” them Humanity “For me Architecture is a Social Act.” “For me Architecture for the design thinking is empathy– The main tenet of the issue is COMPASSION. Our theme for look tookwe if like environment built our would What are We May. 12 on falls IIA of day Foundation The Apurva Somaya in dialogue with Ar. Brinda Architect with the field of architectural plan to connect more We of Chairman the from map road a carries Issue This submitting the materials for Revised guidelines for quite enthused by the positive from are feedback We this Issue on the theme to you we present Here Zacharias Lalichan Ar. Editor “Love and Compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without necessities, not luxuries. Compassion are “Love and people you are designing for as well as for the people beyondwell as for as people designing for you are will be that your site and the environment affected by each of leads to And this empathetic approach your design decisions. Compassion. and socialour emotional, psychological needs today as the need a new We our surroundings? starting point creating for to accommodate approaches the set of tools and progressive strategies and processes that lead 21st century patterns of life; that responds, that accommodates and that to an architecture evokes compassion. is inclusive– that is compassionate and Reflections and Memories and of IIA brief history including a of IIA in this Issue. Presidents the Past from in the issue. Bose Dutta is also featured education in the upcoming articles from Issues, through student senior teachers and by introducing a section for contributions as well. the maps from road Committee. Similar Architects the Young expectedChairpersons and Committees are of other Boards in the upcoming Issues. the Journal, have beenpublication in the various sections of contributors to strictly published in the Issue. Request all guidelines while submitting materials for to the adhere publication. the members the Journal. Please keep sending in your for upcoming the Issues for comments suggestions and valuable also. Request you to keep sending your contributions to Chapter your through Journal, the of sections various the Correspondents. Compassion. MAY 2021 MAY PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE

Dear Members,

Greetings!

It is an unprecedented situation across the country where we are facing the loss of lives especially those of younger ages. But it is also true that many are recovering and the vaccination drive may improve the well-being and the immunity to protect us from the pandemic. The efforts of our Members, Chapters and Centres in providing relief are appreciable. It has instilled in us awareness about healthy ways, immunity and lifestyle changes. We also have a passion for whatever we do in our professional or personal lives but the value of Compassion is uppermost in our minds now, making us realize and reflect on our empathy for fellow beings, concern towards our environment and understanding to sift between the need and greed in the pursuit of materialistic aspirations causing an immense drain on our natural resources. Shakespeare's words, “Sweet are the uses of adversity” always ring in my ears. It is an irony that though nature has endowed the atmosphere with abundant oxygen, we are witnessing many people suffering due to insufficiency in drawing it due to the virus infection– a typical example of poverty in plenty. Though it is presumptuous to say that we should 8 have had the infrastructure to tackle a pandemic of this Ar. C.R. Raju proportion, it is a fact that the facilities to treat are unevenly President, IIA spread apart from being inadequate. This seems to be a result of successive deterioration in the Town and Country Planning administration of our nation over the decades. The concentration of facilities or development in few areas with unequal distribution has led to an increase in the density of the population with inadequate infrastructure and people migrating from different parts due to lack of facilities and opportunities. There is an urgent need to reflect on this and study Ar. Vilas Avachat Ar. Jitendra Mehta, Ar. Gyanendra possible ways of providing and revitalizing facilities in the Vice-President, IIA Jr. Vice President, IIA Singh Shekhawat built environment by equitably distributing them across the Hon. Treasurer, IIA country. This will enable people to have access to resources, employment and facilities in each and every tehsil. Our passion for development when dealt with compassion can result in an equitable and well-distributed system for the benefit of all sections of society. As professionals, it is our responsibility to contribute our part in this exercise.

Let us be Compassionate in all that we do. Ar. Ashutosh Kr. Ar. Leena Kumar Ar. Satish Mane Agarwal Jt. Hon. Secretary, IIA Jt. Hon. Secretary, IIA Wishing you all good health, Jt. Hon. Secretary, IIA Ar. C. R. Raju President, IIA

IIA

OFFICE Ar. Divya Kush, Immediate Past JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL BEARERS President MAY 2021 9 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS

Compassion in architecture is many-layered and needs is many-layered Compassion in architecture The nature and process of architectural design should process and of architectural The nature ture is a necessary ingredient for a profound design process. a profound for ingredient is a necessary ture translates to being accepting and future-sighted, sensitive, to find space at all stages—right from material specificationsto find space at all stages—right from planning of Jaipur, which has not only stood up during the planning of Jaipur, Being compassionate parameters and is inclusive in nature. pluralist andsup- is architect an of what short nothing this is posed to deliver. program, anticipating the need of every possible anticipating program, stakehold- street to the diamond traders—all are brought together in a brought diamond traders—all are to the street Sensitive spontaneous ambit of a sustainable city planning. nature and the future is the most critical driving force which force most critical driving is the future and the nature builds up the character of the place and people.builds up the character of the place and be with the diversity of contextual such that it resonates approaches in design are to be directed towards both to be towards vulner- design are in directed approaches able sections of society and those well-off too. which render a design vernacular and sustainable to the area a design vernacular and sustainable to the area which render centuries but is still a living example of co-existence of vari- of co-existence centuries but is still a living example sellers on the the vegetable Right from ous strata of society. er. An architect’s sensitivity towards stakeholders, culture, stakeholders, culture, sensitivity towards An architect’s er. By Ar.Tushar Sogani By Ar.Tushar This fact can be easily understood examples like the city from LET’S BE . . . COMPASSIONATE

Of the many attributes that go towards making up an Of the many attributes that go towards This is, therefore, very much within an architect’s pur- very much within an architect’s This is, therefore, Architecture, through its various realms of applicabil- its various realms through Architecture,

(Conscious design) C (Conscious O (Omni design) design) M (Multi-faceted P (Pluralistic design) design) A (Attributable design) S (Sincere design) S (Solution-driven I (Indigenous design) O (Open-ended solutions) design) N (Natural person’s state. psychological person’s point of view, positioning oneself in the place of an- person’s point of view, ing through and from social to the and from paradigms. According ing through ity, is an art and a science that touches each and every hu- is an art and a science that touches each ity, man being, design to the minute scale of interior right from boundis It touch, to exercises. planning urban and regional aboutbeing a space that is - designed. Compassion in architec Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Empathy, empathy Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Empathy, architectural design, compassion and empathy go a long way. design, compassion and empathy go a long way. architectural affect and reflect human psychology. affect and architecture. view to see what users would feel aboutview to see what users would feel a designed space or other to sense another’s point of view. It is a quality of social other to sense another’s point of view. an experiential grasp of another encounters that allows for can be understood as experiencing another the world from will bring forth the softer, and a more of more face a people-oriented and softer, the forth bring will

of the people. Spaces should resonate with all strata of sociof strata all with people.the of - resonate should Spaces ideas, interviews and stories. This issue projects, ety through COMPASSION - is continually learning, unlearning and re-learn An architect Architecture should be for the people,the beshould peoplethe by for also and Architecture MAY 2021 MAY COMMENTS

“Congratulations on the new look! I would Simply amazing. Excellent work!! also like to share that I enjoyed reading the JIIA March Issue and found the revised format of Ar. Damit Premathilake the Journal, its font, typeset, style and graphic Sri Lanka Institute of Architects illustrations refreshing. I thoroughly enjoyed reading Ar. Raj Rewal's interview by Ar. Divya Kush, and am looking forward to the forth- I have been on this journey of the architectural pro- coming issues of JIIA.” fession for now more than five decades. I have participated closely in the activities of IIA since 1994, being Ar. Sunanda Satwah the Chairman of the Northern Chapter. I have proud to have seen the transformation envisioned both qualitatively and visually of the JIIA. This tremendous change has been a delight at the global compilation “I am really very happy to note the change. It which speaks of our intellectual profession, truly and has made a drastic value addition in the ex- purely. The new management of elected team mem- pression, presentation and contents which is bers has proved the adage that where there’s a will, the positive result of a change in attitude. I there’s a way. I request all my professional brothers to hope JIIA will attain its height and become the share their best of works for publication so that Indian most coveted architectural refereed journal. I architects receive their due on the international plat- wish all the best to the Editorial Team!!!” form. I congratulate the team for such wonderful hard work and wish that it continues to be a guiding spirit. Ar. Prakash Deshmukh Past President of IIA (2012-15) Prof. Charanjit Singh Shah JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 11 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Impressive!! Ing Pei Tan Ar. ARCASIA President, Former Nice work. Huge improvement. All the best.Nice work. Huge improvement. Garg Vijay Ar. Great feat indeed – will enjoy reading. Con- reading. enjoy – will indeed feat Great team. to the entire gratulations Malla Pradhan Anju Ar. Nepalese Architects of Society for the Thank you and congratulations to IIA of the journal! revitalization Rita Soh Ar. ARCASIA President, Super-duper!! Russel Ar. Lanka Sri for our Hats off to you! What a turnaround your Journal in less than two months. I am sure the Journal will take it to interna- vision for Hearty congrat- long. before tional standards ulations and choicest compliments. Kush Divya Ar. IIA Imm. Past President Well done. Congratulations! A commendable done. Congratulations! Well job! Nela D’Souza Ar. of Architects Lanka Institute Sri “Yet another surprise from IIA – the excellent excellent IIA – the from surprise another “Yet of JIIA. the new publication quality of My his Committee to the Editor and compliments members.” H.C. Thimmaiah Ar. IIA (1995-1998) of Past President Thank you so much! Nice job! Hui Min Ar. Hon. Sec., ARCASIA publication. Enormous valuable Wonderful Com- material, documents and information. mendable graphics too. Congratulations to it. for the brilliant team who worked so hard for sharing. Thanks M. Arif Qazi Ar. of Architects Bangladesh Institute an excellent publication! Congratulations for Vonier Thomas Ar. UIA President Ar. Rajaa G. Ar. The Journal of IIA is excellent, improving day by day. I en- day by day. The Journal of IIA is excellent, improving it slowly and in detail. The first JIIA maga- joyed reading zine under your guidance is an excellent one. The paper quality and the content is neat and crisp. I would suggest cartoons, spaces, building concepts, unbuilt interesting and students can be works of architects incorpocreative - interesting. editions to make it more rated in the future - practice-re The Acts and Amendments and professional lated issues can also be discussed. A Q&A page can be incorporated. job! Great MAY 2021 MAY THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS A BRIEF HISTORY By Ar. Vilas Avachat Vice-President, IIA

At the beginning of the twentieth century the profession of si philanthropist, Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, the first baronet. architecture, as understood today, hardly existed in India. It These classes were meant to train draftsmen to fill the need in was the age of the hereditary master builders and craftsmen the offices of the consulting architects. In 1907, the training which had started right from Vedic times and continued as a was recognized by the government, by granting of a ‘Drafts- living force through Buddhist, Jain, Hindu and Muslim histo- man’s Certificate’ to those candidates who passed the prelim- ry– a period of continuous evolution with a spirit and charac- inary and elementary examinations at the school. This made ter essentially Indian. them eligible for employment in the lower grade posts in the The tragic decree of Emperor Aurangzeb, dismissing drawing offices of the Public Works Departments. all Hindu craftsmen from the Royal Rolls, started the decay In 1908, there appeared on the architectural scene, of Indian architecture, which was accelerated by British influ- George Wittet, the-then consulting architect to the Govern- ence that led to its final decline. Towards the second half of ment of Bombay. He took charge of these classes and orga- 12 the last century official and public work was, to a large extent, nized them into a four-year course for those students wish- designed and carried out by royal engineers who at times had ing to work in the offices of architects and engineers, with a sufficient architectural knowledge to carry out good work. single full-time teacher. The classes were held from seven to This phase was influenced by the Battle of the Styles, then be- nine every morning. This improved the quality and as a result, ing waged in England. It was either the Gothic or the Classic so did the popularity of the school. Mr. Wittet found that it Style. Even in the so-called Gothic work, Indian motifs came was more than he could cope with in, addition to his official to be used. duties. It was in 1913 that Mr. Robert W. Cable, a member of Towards the end of the last century provincial govern- the staff of the Architectural Association School in London ments began the practice of bringing over qualified men from was appointed to take charge of the school as professor of ar- England to act as consulting architects to handle the work of chitecture, with a staff of lecturers and teachers, including the the various Public Works Departments and thus a tardy rec- consulting architect, assistant architects to the government ognition of the professional architect was granted. Bulk of the and architects in private practice in Bombay. The school soon work in a few cities was nevertheless handled by civil engi- acquired the dignified status of a school of architecture. Pro- neers, whose training was far advanced than any provided at fessor Cable worked hard and urged the government to bring the time in the architectural field. By virtue of the knowledge it in line with the best schools in the West. He re-organized of the structural aspects of building and because of the scar- the morning classes and made it a five-year course. Public city of qualified architects in the country, the engineers as- examinations were to be conducted by the government but sumed a controlling influence in the building developments were postponed due to the outbreak of the First World War in in the big cities, while in the country as a whole, the build- 1914. As Professor Cable was on active service in Mesopota- ing work was in the hands of maistries or supervisors who mia, Mr. H. Foster King, was put in charge of the school, while designed and supervised the work of their fellow craftsmen. his partner, Mr. Claude Batley was a member of the staff. Mr. Work developed more into a practice of rules of thumb and Batley continued the good work put in by Professor Cable uninspired copying from the past, often in bad taste, leading and in 1924 became the Professor of Architecture. All these to the further decline of architecture in India. The harmoni- men were, in some way, destined to play leading parts at various blend of utility, structure and aesthetics which constitute ous stages in the history of the Institute. good architecture was missing. It was in these times that the first seeds of architectural education were sown in Bombay. In about 1900, on the advice Photo 1: The Dean’s Bungalow at Sir J. J. College of Architecture, Mumbai of Mr. John Begg, the first Consulting Architect of Govern- (Source: https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=688272941217797& ment, classes in architecture were started at the Sir J.J. School id=688244391220652) of Art, towards the building of which a sum of one lakh ru- Photo 2 & 3: IIA Examination Centre at CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai pees was offered to the East India Company by the great Par- (Photo courtesy: Ar. Vilas Avachat) JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 13 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS has been practicing in Mumbai for over over in Mumbai for has been practicing Vilas Avachat Ar. buildings. He is in high-rise decades, specializing three He has of architecture. colleges at also a visiting faculty in served IIA as Jt. Hon. Sec. of IIA and as Vice-President the of IIA for and is the Vice-President term, the previous term. current - through of architects the interests Having promoted of the Institute Legal Status Its outreach programmes are conducted through its through conducted are programmes Its outreach days commemorative on arranged are lectures Public Outreach Programmes of the Institute Programmes Outreach IIA inaugurated its own building as headquarters at of Assessment of the Boards On the recommendation The Indian Institute of Architects is registered under registered is of Architects The Indian Institute - the pro role in promoting The Institute plays a major The IIA is a member Union country of the International fession of architecture. It has very large area and population It has very large area of architecture. fession ters for the various activities of the Institute. Later, as things as Later, of the Institute. the various activities ters for the Societies Act XXI of 1860 as a voluntary or- Registration statutory duty of registration. Act 1972 with the the Architects the Journal of the Indian Institute of Architects (JIIA) and a Architects the Journal of the Indian Institute of tion (SAARC). pect Chambers Annexe, Hornby Road (now Dr. Dadabhai Dadabhai pect Chambers Road (now Dr. Annexe, Hornby such as World Environment Day and World Habitat Day. The The Day. Habitat and World Day Environment such as World innovation and growth, IIA’s membershipinnovation and growth, has exploded from improved, the Institute and Library moved into the new and into the new and and Library moved the Institute improved, which it occupies convenient quarters, - more till date, at Pros national level is the Council of Architecture established under under established Council of Architecture national level is the its various activities including special of inter- programmes routinely national import. are The details of the programmes monthly newsletter. F. Bharoocha Architectural Library, 7-10, Elphinstone Circle, Circle, 7-10, Elphinstone Bharoocha Library, Architectural F. first the was headquar- permanent therefore this and Bombay IIA Publications Board and the Editorial Committee publish IIA Publications Board Chapters and Centres, which also reach out and publicise which also reach Chapters and Centres, CASIA) and South Asian Association of Regional Coopera- out India and having continually fostered an atmosphere for for an atmosphere continually fostered out India and having of the Republic of India to serve. Today IIA has 23 Chapters, IIA has 23 Chapters, of the Republic of India to serve. Today lan- in various regional communicated to the larger public of Architects (UIA), Architects Regional Council of Asia (AR- (UIA), Architects of Architects Naoroji Road), Mumbai– 400 001. Road), Mumbai– Naoroji ganisation of architects. The only other organisation at the The only ganisation of architects. media. and electronic the press guages through CBD, Belapur at Navi Mumbai on June 30, 2001 (Figure 2). at Navi Mumbai on June 30, 2001 (Figure Belapur CBD, Educational Qualification, the Government of India has for decided that the qualification of Associate membership of The - rec (by examination) is already Indian Institute of Architect the purposeognized for of employment to posts and services its IIA runs under the Central Government and accordingly, Navi Mumbai. Belapur, Examination department at IIA HQ, Till date, 2423 students have passed the IIA qualifying exam Decemberfrom 1984 to April 2021. The Institute began its activities in the room Institute The Sohrab the the of in activities its began 54 Centres and 16 Sub-Centres. 16 Sub-Centres. and 54 Centres 158 in 1929 to over 20,000 today. 158 in 1929 to over History of IIA May 12, 1917 was the historic date that saw the incep- May 12, 1917 was the Collaboration Royal Institute the distinguished with Noting the steady progress and growth of ASA, Mr. Mr. ASA, of growth and progress steady the Noting - Archi of British Institute with the Royal Affiliation The Architectural Students Association (1917–’22) Association Students Architectural The The Indian Institute of Architects (1929) of Architects Indian Institute The The Bombay Architectural Association (1922 –’29) Association Architectural Bombay The - of Archi Institute of Indian journey fascinating The After having formally affiliated with RIBA in 1925, After having tects (1925) tects founded as the Architectural Student’s Association as the Architectural in 1917’. founded tects spans over many years. After running the gamut of ups of the gamut running After years. over many spans tects tion of the Architectural Students’ Association Students’ tion of the Architectural (ASA), one of - re-organ a new, vision, with this In line day. talk of the the programme was inaugurated, adding another feather in the in feather another adding inaugurated, was programme promote the interests of architects throughout India’ and to throughout of architects the interests promote sociation befitted it in a way that and rename the scale of its standard of architectural practice and by mutual support, of architectural to standard significant changes to the constitution and the bye-laws, in in architecture. ing rooted in the core values of architecture. Above all, IIA’s values of architecture. ing rooted in the core in a much-wanted and -vaunted universality for the Bombay in a much-wanted and -vaunted universality for moved by Professor Claude Batley in 1924. Finally on May Claude moved by Professor reach and the grandeur that had come to be and the reach associated with its membership. it In the general meeting on June 15, 1922, itself, and marked the beginning of what was to be a prodi- itself, ral environs, Mr. George Wittet was unanimously elected the George Wittet was unanimously Mr. ral environs, ised body was officially registered in Bombay. Thus, in the ised body in Bombay. registered was officially monsoon of 1929, on September 2nd, the Indian Institute of big league. A special general meeting in 1924 was the final and down, the Institute todayand down, in the Indi- has a place of pride Having been space. an architectural the drivers of the one of to committed IIA remains of Indian architecture, Renaissance act in fructifying this effort which had act in fructifying this effort which had reso- begun in 1922. A and a new constitution and bye-laws were brought in. Finally, in. Finally, brought were and a new constitution and bye-laws Batley, upon in 1921, decided along assuming its Presidency Batley, Indian architecture. Indian architecture. President of ASA. of accomplishment in President This was a momentous a meeting held in Mr. Foster King’s charming bungalow charming King’s Foster Mr. in held meeting a IIA’s forebears. First of its kind, the Associationthe kind, its of First flagged was forebears. IIA’s lution to conduct the final examination of RIBA in India was was renamed the Bombay Association (BAA) was renamed of Architects with his fellow memberstime to upgrade the As- with his fellow that it was odyssey and grit, one of vision and ideals, of ambition remains of an everlasting labour discovery of the art of love, and the were to ‘encourage the study of architecture, to elevate the to ‘encourage the study of architecture, were keeping with the enhanced stature of the associationkeeping with the enhanced stature became of British Architects (RIBA) firmly ensconced the BAA in the of British Architects on August 3, 1922, the Bombay Association was of Architects officiallypredecessor. born out of its off by the alumni of the illustrious Sir J.J. Schooloff by the alumni of Art. At finding newer meanings and avenues for the field, whilefor the be- avenues newer meanings and finding gious new phase in the story of the modernof the story the phase in new gious development of (known as Dean’s Bungalow. See Figure 1) within its pasto- See Figure Bungalow. (known as Dean’s Association’s hat. Architectural Association. five-year Diploma Architectural A prestigious Architects was born.Architects Popularly called IIA, among its mottos 14, 1925, a formal alliance with RIBA was inked. This ushered alliance with RIBA was inked. This ushered 14, 1925, a formal ‘continue the work of the Bombay Architectural Association‘continue the work of the Bombay Architectural MAY 2021 MAY REFLECTIONS ON THE PAST Prof Madhav Deobhakta PAST IIA President (1988–1992) George Wittet Memorial Lecture at RIBA, London

PRESIDENTS OF During 1988 and 1992, when I was President of IIA, we had organized 26 memorial lectures all over India and in London and Bahrain, to celebrate the memory of twenty-six Past Presidents. These lectures were IIA delivered by young architects on subjects of their choice. The lecture which I am describing here was organized in London in the memory of the first IIA President, Ar. George Wittet. This was organized on the eve of IIA’s Platinum Jubilee in 1992. I had written to the then-Presidents of Royal Institute of Brit- ish Architects (RIBA) and of Commonwealth Association of Architects (CAA) requesting them to join with IIA in organizing this lecture. Both Presidents graciously agreed that the lecture should be organized in the Conference Hall of RIBA. The CAA President said that it was be- fitting that the incumbent President of IIA celebrates the memory Ar. Rusi Khambatta of first President of IIA. Further, he suggested that CAA’s Sir Robert IIA President (1983–1988) Mathew Award should be presented to Ar. Raj Rewal on the same day. Both these events took place in London in 1991. It was a well-deserved My views during my presidency of the Indian Institute of Architects tribute to late Ar. George Wittet. In my introduction, I mentioned that George Wittet, Raj Rewal Our Council was fortunate to inherit the legacy of the previous ones. and myself were all members of RIBA. George Wittet had been deput- We continued and strengthened the aspirations laid down and prac- ed as the Chief Architect by the British Government. In his long ca- tised by them. The emphasis was to propagate the profession of an ar- reer in Bombay (now Mumbai) Wittet designed the Gateway of India chitect among the general public, generate education by encouraging having features from Ahmedabad, Prince of Wales Museum in Mum- the establishment of schools of architecture (which at that time were bai (now Chhatrapati Shivaji Sangrahalaya) having features from Bi- very few) and stimulate consciousness amongst architects to lead to- japur, Sir Cowasji Jehangir Hall (now National Museum of Modern Art), 14 wards as clean a profession as possible. Students and professionals K.E.M. Hospital Complex in Parel, just to mention a few of his iconic were stimulated by encouraging competitions. In short, the essence projects. At the end of my slide presentation, I said that someone has of the Council was to enhance and propagate the cause of righteous- said “East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet.” ness in every possible way. However, George Wittet synthesised the ‘twain’. Once we invited Ar. Piloo Mody, who had contributed a great After my presentation, Raj Rewal was presented the Sir Robert deal towards the formation of the Council of Architecture (COA), to Mathew Gold Medal by CAA President, Larry Rowlands. He said that receive first-hand information on the guidelines of the COA Act. He he was pleasantly surprised that a fellow Scotsman, George Wittet requested us to bring along with him his dog, since it could not be had such a distinguished career in India. After this Raj Rewal made a kept locked in for a long time in his car for the duration of the meeting. delightful presentation of his projects. The dog which sat very quietly under our meeting table, turned out to A British journalist who covered this event said that this had be the most silent of the lot! been a unique event in which all three presenters were members of Another time we invited ex-sheriff Nana Chudasama as a chief RIBA. He went on to say that the sartorial choice of the IIA President— guest to one of our annual functions, at 10:00 a.m. Mr. Chudasama is kurta, pyjama and Nehru jacket—added a distinct colour to this apt known to be a stickler for time. 10:00 a.m. meant 10:00 a.m.– not a tribute to late George Wittet. minute earlier, not a minute later. When I received him at 10:00 a.m. This event was attended by nearly 150 members of IIA who re- at a function at the National Sports Club of India (NSCI), the audi- sided in London. Among them were my contemporaries and past stu- torium was still being arranged. So, I politely offered to take him to dents. Needless to say, we enjoyed meeting each other after many the exhibition hall, where the architects’ projects were displayed. He years. Akhtar Chauhan, the then-Editor of JIIA covered this event in quickly saw through the game and asked, “So the auditorium is still one of the Issues of JIIA. It was indeed a memorable event which I not ready?” fondly recollect. I attended an ARCASIA meeting in Bangkok. On the first day, we were taken around a group of temples, along with numerous other tourists. Amidst this, I got detached from my group and got lost. With a lack of knowledge of the Thai language, and unable to remember the name of my hotel, I was totally lost. This was a pre-mobile era. I approached a policeman, who after many inquiries and attempts, connected me to the Thai Institute of Architects, and got the name of my hotel. The experience was devastating, with a prayer never to repeat again. I had a very satisfying two terms as President and thank my Council for strengthening our resolutions, and my members for fulfill- ing our decisions. Ar. Shireesh Deshpande IIA President (1992–1994)

Meetings at the IIA Office at Prospect Chambers, Mumbai

What I remember clearly, as the President of IIA, was going to Bom- bay in a train for the IIA meetings. I always liked to go to Mumbai be- JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 15 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS - between prac the relationship strengthening IIA should look at We architects must prove that our professionalism goes beyond goes beyond our professionalism that must prove architects We The Presidential Address of my first tenure, at Hotel Rang Shar- Hotel at first tenure, of my Address Presidential The (2004-2008), in reality, I got the opportunity serve to our members (2004-2008), in reality, ing to my fullest capacity to serve our members. The work done during done during work serve to our members. The fullest capacity my ing to in the IIA examination fees and JIIA advertisement tariff and JIIA advertisement also helped. fees in the IIA examination - parts various of India present from speakers Mumbai. Eminent Hotel, Development'' on November 11, 2006 at ITC Grand Maratha Sheraton Sheraton Maratha Grand ITC 11, 2006 at on November Development'' was organised in Mumbai in December on a grand scale. IIA Awards on a grand scale. IIA Awards in Mumbai in December was organised were offered one way airfare to attend council meetings. Revisions meetings. Revisions council attend airfare to one way offered were office staff and of IIA, allowed me to centres chapters, various from and a fundraiser. organiser as an administrator, function efficiently of in a grand manner in the presence presented were Excellence for the table during the entertainment programme. This was a surprise to to was a surprise This programme. the entertainment the table during held applause. We it with thunderous who appreciated the spectators tural fraternity as a whole. tural fraternity Dalvi Gurunath Ar. and members council with the supportthis period of past presidents, tice and academia and how, through collaboration, they can challenge can challenge they collaboration, through and academia and how, tice opportunities and help them seek more and and new practices talent Ar. Atul Desai Atul Ar. on expertise, and the trust it engenders, depends society to skill and tal in forming the Amnesty Scheme for members in arrears which gen- which members in arrears for Scheme the Amnesty tal in forming Oh my days…Come again days…Come Oh my newed — and that's what IIA should seriously explore. seriously IIA should what newed — and that's make IIA more active and financially strong. During my first tenure of first tenure my During strong. and financially active IIA more make 500 delegates. - work me from prevented legal and health issues various 2004-2006, a felicitation function in Mumbai on March 17, 2006 to congratulate congratulate 2006 to 17, March function in Mumbai on a felicitation and support one another to create an educational and professional and professional an educational and support create one another to alliances. able to our generation but also to all future generations. Architects Architects generations. all future but also to generation our able to the urban of the transformation catalyze position to in a unique are IIA President (2004–2008) IIA President IIA President (1996–1998) IIA President of IIA a Past President A Message from ganised a seminar in Mumbai on “Green Architecture and Sustainable Architecture ganised a seminar in Mumbai on “Green da, Mumbai on November 22, 2005 was followed by me performing on me performing by followed 2005 was 22, da, Mumbai on November - the Gov Padma Vibhushan by being awarded for Correa Charles Ar. an audience to of his works of India. He made a presentation ernment also or- We of architecture. and students than 800 architects of more 2006 NATCON number of 1500 attendees. a record ed their views to - good of the architec the common to and contributes our self-interest each, of two years of IIA was of two tenures presidency my Although conduct. In order to ensure that the architectural profession remains remains profession architectural the that ensure to In order conduct. - and re must be reviewed these relationships and relevant, essential lift to need utmost an also is young our There system. development - account not only we are and profession, is a progressive Architecture brings a profession value The before. than ever more environment, erated huge revenue. As a result, for the first time, council members the first time, council for a result, As huge revenue. erated only for 24 months. As the Treasurer since 1996, I had been instrumen- since the Treasurer As 24 months. for only This prompted me to contest in an election for the post of President to to the post of President in an election for contest me to prompted This On June 30, 2001, the IIA HQ building at CBD, Belapur at Navi Navi CBD, Belapur at On June 30, 2001, the IIA HQ building at have breakfast of batata wada at Hornby Road (now D.N. Road) en en D.N. Road) (now Road Hornby at wada breakfast of batata have have a chat with the peons and the other people at the IIA office be- at with the peons and the other people a chat have bathroom in the retiring rooms to freshen up and have a bath, then a bath, up and have freshen to rooms in the retiring bathroom lowed by the meeting of the Education Committee regarding the IIA regarding Committee of the Education the meeting lowed by (Picture courtesy: JIIA, July 1996, p.4) JIIA, July courtesy: 25, 1995 (Picture ing on May My Memoirs of IIA as its President My President Ar. H.C. Thimmaiah and Mrs. Jaji Thimmaiah at the the at and Mrs. Jaji Thimmaiah H.C. Thimmaiah Ar. President - all the Past Presi by was cut ribbon The Mumbai was inaugurated. It was on May 25, 1995 that the ground-breaking ceremony was held at was held at ceremony the ground-breaking 25, 1995 that It was on May IIA exams were based on the RIBA pattern. Sometimes we would have Sometimes we would have pattern. based on the RIBA IIA exams were Many times, I would not get a reservation. The train would be full and and full be would train The reservation. a get not would I times, Many VT waiting for sitting corner, in a all the way travel to I would have Even practising architects would sometimes join in. The highlight of highlight would sometimes join in. The practising architects Even were fewer Chapters and Centres than there are now. Two people at people at Two now. are than there and Centres Chapters fewer were flights from Nagpur at the time. I was permitted a second-class berth. a second-class the time. I was permitted Nagpur at from flights - and the ladies in the administra Agnelo the meeting– Anthony, fore - the Presi Mumbai. As Navi at HQ building of our prospective the site Ar. H.C. Thimmaiah Ar. these meetings would be batata wada at Ramaiyya’s under the mango under Ramaiyya’s wada at these meetings would be batata the offices in at was time, I would drop in the JJ campus. If there tree to go to the Sir JJ College of Architecture to interact and discuss with discuss and interact to Architecture of College JJ Sir the to go to the Chapters at the table. IIA did not have as many meetings as there as there meetings as many the table. IIA did not have at the Chapters tion. The peon in his khaki uniform would go down to the restaurant the restaurant would go down to peon in his khaki uniform tion. The to the fifth floor where the IIA office was situated, and had to walk up walk and had to the fifth was situated, the IIA office to floor where puja. I had the honour of laying the foundation stone for our HQ building. for stone the foundation puja. I had the honour of laying my Diploma in Architecture, and it was all so familiar. The best part best The familiar. was all so and it in Architecture, Diploma my most would represent a Centre. Looking back after so many years, I years, after Looking back so many a Centre. most would represent meeting. There would be about seven or eight people at most from most from people at or eight seven would be about meeting. There students and teachers, in the final year studio on the ground floor. floor. studio on the ground in the final year and teachers, students - would be fol This informal. quite the meetings were that remember route to the IIA office. Then I would take the liftthe the fourth floor to up I would take Then office. IIA the to route station (now CST)station the next to till eight I would go straight morning. all over the country, these two incidents will linger in my memory forever. will linger in my these two incidents the country, all over - the Cal take Sir J.J.’s to VT from and walk to the road across station about attending IIA meetings was travelling by train. There were no no were There train. by travelling was meetings IIA attending about at the ground floor to arrange for snacks and set up our table for the and set up our table for snacks for arrange floor to the ground at IIA President (1995–1998) IIA President ground-breaking ceremony held at Navi Mumbai for the IIA HQ build- Mumbai for Navi held at ceremony ground-breaking dents of IIA, including myself. With the unstinted support- unstinted the co-op With and myself. including IIA, of dents members and IIA members from Council my from I received that eration dent, my wife, Jaji, and I both sat on the ground for performing the performing the for on the ground Jaji, and I both sat wife, my dent, cutta Mail at 5:10 p.m. to Nagpur. 5:10 p.m. to cutta Mail at of architects who were friends. At about 4:00 p.m., I would wind up about 4:00 p.m., I would wind At friends. who were of architects examinations. IIA would receive instructional booklets from RIBA. The The RIBA. instructional booklets from IIA would receive examinations. cause I had spent five-and-a-half-years at the Sir J.J. as a student for for a student Sir J.J. as the at five-and-a-half-years I had spent cause of the Prospect Chambers Annexe. At that time, the lift that did not go up At Annexe. Chambers of the Prospect would I office. IIA the in table the at be would I a.m. 9:30 At flight. one During my Presidency I tried to transform the IIA organisation. It started with the design of letterheads: coloured letterheads took the place of black and white ones; the seating arrangement of the IIA of- MAY 2021 MAY fice staff was re-designed for efficiency; revision in pay scales along with mediclaim facilities were also given to them. JIIA, the mouthpiece of IIA was overhauled from the cover design to the page layouts. Issues were printed timely and sent by con- cessional book post rates. I am content with the work I did in a short time span for the fra- Ar. Prakash Deshmukh ternity. I wish I could go back in time and relive those days…“Oh my IIA President (2012–2015) days...Come again.” Milestones of my work with IIA

Prior to being elected the National President of IIA between 2012 and 2015, I had participated in various ways in IIA since becoming an Associate member of IIA in 1987, I had served as Honorary Secre- tary and Chairman of Pune Centre. I had been Convenor for several IIA Conventions. I had been elected as the Chairman of IIA, Maharashtra Chapter (2000–2004). As the President of IIA, numerous milestone activities are em- bossed in my memory: as the UIA Council Member Region IV (2014– Ar. Prafulla G. Karkhanis 2020), as Patron for the National Conference Women in Architecture IIA President (2010–2012) (Mahacon-WiA) at Pune in 2013, which was attended by over a thousand lady architects. I was also Convenor for the National Symposium IIA Activities from 2010 to 2012 on Sustainable Smart Cities, New Delhi in 2015. I also had the opportunity to attend the conference on architectural education with RIBA Friends, let me wish you all the best for this 104th IIA Foundation Day at London in 2015. on May 12, 2021. This has been a journey of 34 years of association, affiliation and Way back in 1917, Ar. George Wittet formed Architectural Stu- affection with IIA!! And the fellowship still continues. . . dent’s Association in Bombay city which was active till 1923 and then Still, I wish to support IIA for unfinished tasks of constructing onwards Bombay Architectural Association was formed. That associ- the IIA World Headquarters at Navi Mumbai, making amendments in ation was active till 1928. And then, the Indian Institute of Architects the Architects’ Act, making JIIA an international refereed journal and was formed in Bombay and registered as an Institute. Under the able to build IIA as forefront professional organization. leadership and guidance of Ar. H. Foster King, our institute commenced the various activities for architects. As far as our regular activities were concerned, the National Con- vention was held at Hyderabad in December 2011 and in the following 16 year at Raipur. Both the conventions were organised and attended very well in all respects, thanks to the Chapters of Andhra Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. At the same period, the Young Architects Festivals were held– in 2011 at Chandigarh, by the Chhattisgarh-Punjab Chap- ter and in 2012 at Igatpuri by the Nashik Centre of Maharashtra Chap- ter. These were participated in by young architects and students of architecture. The Bureau of Indian Standards also held discussions for Ar. Balbir Verma meetings for architectural specifications for India. IIA President (2000 - 2005) I also used to attend meetings at the Council of Architecture, New Delhi, along with our elected zonal members. Students of archi- Ar. Balbir Verma will send his message for JIIA readers in a later issue tecture of our country would invite us for the national and regional due to reasons of health. meetings of NATA for the critical issues which only our professors could handle successfully during their lectures in colleges. Beside our regular activities, IIA had felicitated Ar. C.N. Raghav- endran from Chennai for being awarded the Padma Shri by the Gov- ernment of India in 2011. We had received the President of American Institute of Architects, Ar. Clark Marius, for his historical visit to Mum- bai. All office bearers and trustees had the opportunity to meet him. Members participated actively in international events in association with UIA, ARCASIA and SAARC at Kathmandu, Nepal, Tokyo, Danang, Thimphu and Bali. Ar. C.P. Kukreja, New Delhi, was awarded the IIA Baburao Mha- tre Gold Medal 2008 for the year 2012. However, the IIA Madhav Achwal Gold Medal 2008 was not awarded to any member since the Jury did not select any nomination. All members enjoyed the IIA–PL Southern Region cricket match held at Patna. The IIA–PL final match was held at Hyderabad and Andhra Pradesh Chapter won the trophy. Our IIA football team members had participated in the tournament at Bangalore. The IIA national Awards in 2010-2012 were also awarded in the various categories during this period. Overall, most of our active elected and selected members whole-heartedly participated in almost every activity of the Institute. Our selected chairpersons of the National Body take a lot of care for their noted issues and handle the matters successfully during the time slots. JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 17 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS • • Aparna Shastri Aparna Ar. Glynn George Glynn Ar. Madhuli Awasarkar RESEARCH Silk Sanyog: Unifying Silk And Its People Silk And Unifying Silk Sanyog: Understanding the Role of Educators and Learners of Educators the Role Understanding Rethinking Design Pedagogy through a Pandemic – through Pedagogy Design Rethinking Subaltern Urbanization and the Small Towns of Karnataka and the Small Towns Urbanization Subaltern MAY 2021 MAY MAY 2021 MAY SUBALTERN URBANIZATION AND THE SMALL TOWNS OF KARNATAKA

18 18 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 19 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS

MAY 2021 19 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS HISTORICAL PLANNING IN INDIA PLANNING HISTORICAL The Manasara, Vaastu Shastra and other ancient The Manasara, Valley civilization had a well-defined The Indus from Badami respectively. This impacts the tourism This impacts po- Badami respectively. from fence, trade, and so on. The Mansara Shilpshastra deals trade, and fence, of groups people. During the Buddhist different for the urban is undertaken both in the global and Indian ter planning exercise and suggests inclusion of the nat- suggests inclusion and exercise ter planning of Badami precinct and the larger heritage ural heritage and crafts village on the an arts the city; its proposal for part of the Ch- Badami also forms to the town at large. and its attendant amenities. These tential of the town to a planning exercise limiting the the CHP plan that are tern for the roads with the temple at the town’s centre. at the town’s centre. with the temple the roads tern for town planning system with a sophisticated drainage the saw era medieval The defined. clearly town the to portance of soil studies, climatic conditions, topography and orientation to get maximum advantage of sun plans such as Dandaka, Swastika, Padmaka, Nandya- period too,a grid- on laid Nalanda like towns see we planning of the walled city of Jaipur as per the ancient stamp approach of planning cities. The City HRIDAY City HRIDAY The cities. of planning approach stamp schoolsat arrive to made is attempt an and thought of specific toolsfor planning small towns in the context of sun’s rays. The shorter streets were aligned along the were The shorter streets sun’s rays. system and grid-iron pattern having the importantsystem and grid-iron along the north-south axis and distinct zoning streets is the same, irrespective of their scale. A study of the is extensive in its listing and identifying of heritage and identifying of heritage in its listing and is extensive categorized under the single all cities are ning, wherein ing urbanism in small town India. north-south axis. ‘Mangal vithi’ or the roads which ran which ran roads the axis. ‘Mangal vithi’ or north-south not. while others were fortified Some were iron pattern with the main roads and the entry points pattern with the main roads iron a similar template and the plans stem from a rubber stem from the plans and template a similar in the mas- the lacunae Badami identifies for Plan (CHP) plan for and tourism infrastructure a comprehensive Patta- with along triad treasure architectural alukyan aspects seem to be in the master plan as well as ignored conceptualiz- of study the further may that Karnataka Indian texts on architecture and town planning have Indian texts on architecture de- and the settlement’s functions like administration, (raja marga) al principle was to align the main streets the by purified are roads the that east-west so the along priests. Many of the for reserved the village were around and wind. It also mentions the layout of various town various new emerging epistemologies on planning and various new emerging epistemologies various plans that can be followed for the planning of for various plans that can be followed site conditions villages, towns and cities based on the varta, Prastara, Chaturmukha and Karmuka. The gener- which includes the Banashankari temple and the other temple and the the Banashankari which includes CHP the While significance. of sites religious and historic tank shows a lack of understanding western banks of the classification of ‘urban’ and the approach to planning classification of ‘urban’ and the approach of the function and significance of the tank with respect with tank the of significance and function the of bothdakal and Aihole, a situated within of which are with many aspects of town planning including the im- pat- the grid-iron layouts suggested in these texts follow extensive literature on town planning. The texts list the list texts The planning. town on literature extensive geographical boundary influences. and not the regional This paper to plan- questions this unilateral approach 40 km radius and are between40 km radius and are 45 minutes’ drive 30 and INTRODUCTION Bengaluru, the capital city of the state of Kar- The difference between the two towns cannot be fact that the existing theories are inadequate to under- inadequate are the existing theories fact that tage city under the National Heritage City Development templates of planning that are better their templates of planning that are suited for template of planning. urbanism theory by Brenner and Schimd. Adding on to urbanism theory by Brenner of small towns the existing and fairly in-depth studies towns of Karnataka, India and how the increasingly the increasingly towns of Karnataka, India and how the command-and-control cities of the global north cities the command-and-control theory as posited post-colonial by Sassen, scholars of urbanization of metropolitan cities in the global south, not adequate studies about are the small towns there the spotlight of the global the megacities away from the Asian experimentsthe Asian the making, underlines of city population of and Bengaluru covers an area of 31,000 plan being prepared. plan that was proposed has been until further recalled population of less than 100,000 people as per the 2011 postulates, many urban centres like Bangalore, Kolkata, postulates, like Bangalore, many urban centres purportedly translate and north global the in originate scale and function and not a clone of the metropolitanscale and function and not a clone of search is focused on small towns in India which have a is focused search studies argue for a new lens to view cities of the global a new lens to view studies argue for these as global. While as much provincial south that are looking are at new ways of studying studies and research is limited both cities south to the ordinary and in scale stand the cities of the global south. Subaltern theories south. Subaltern cities of the global stand the master planning exercises of both master planning exercises the towns follow more obvious: Badami covers 10 sq km in area with a obvious: Badami covers 10 sq km in area more notice. Badami, a Class III town as per the census report nataka is an urban agglomeration with a population of World million plus as per Census Report the 2011. The Bengaluru was last carried for master planning exercise - whose re Denis and Zerah in India by Mukhopadhyay, is as much home grown as it is borrowed. as it is Questioning is as much home grown focus cities that shifts in the global south. This on small into weak copies in the global south. Instead, as Roy into weak copies in built morphologies of these towns and the need for new the need for built morphologies of these towns and blurry lines between leading to an rural and urban are and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) scheme of the (HRIDAY) and Augmentation Yojana and the planning methodologies that are impacting the impacting planning methodologies the and that are all-encompassing urban as suggested by the planetary all-encompassing urban as suggested approach. This research is an attempt to bridge the is an attempt research This approach. Dubai and more, are places where neoliberal places where urbanism are Dubai and more, are questioning the hegemony of the urbanisms that questioning the hegemony are adequate. The study, which is a collection of essays on of essays on which is a collection The study, adequate. al studies that situate studies from the global south in global south the from studies situate that studies al In her conclusion for the worlding of cities, Ananya Roy Roy Ananya cities, of worlding the for conclusion her In Ministry of Urban Affairs in 2015 and has a new master Cities Report classifies Bangalore as a mega-city. The mega-city. a as ReportCities Bangalore classifies 8,005 sq km with a population of 10,576,167. Yet the 8,005 sq km with a populationYet of 10,576,167. headquarters of the Badami Taluk in Bagalkot district headquarters of the Badami Taluk of Karnataka. The master plan for Badami was floated in of Karnataka. The master plan out in 2015 and subsequently the 2031 draft master census; this study looks at small towns in Karnataka - glob to approach new for call Ong's Aihwa endorses gap in the studies of small towns particularly the small gap in the studies of small towns particularly 2007 for the horizon year 2021. It was declared as a heri- the horizon year 2021. It was declared 2007 for 2011 by the Government of India (GoI) is the taluk ‘planetary capitalism’ or ‘subaltern resistances’ as in- resistances’ capitalism’ or ‘subaltern ‘planetary texts in accordance with the mandala system with grid- LITERATURE OVERVIEW OF EMERGING CON- iron streets and designated zones for different activities. CEPTS OF DEFINITION OF URBAN AND ITS IMPACT MAY 2021 MAY MAY 2021 MAY The Moghul period saw the introduction of gardens into ON URBAN THEORIES town planning. With the British occupation and subsequent independence, new cities were designed both for Patrick Geddes, who worked in the subcontinent administrative as well as industrial purposes, including between 1914 and 1924, anticipated the problems that Chandigarh, Bhubaneswar, Gandhinagar, Rourkela and would be faced by our cities almost a century ago. In Jamshedpur, among others. These were green field de- his book, Cities in Evolution he spoke about the evolu- velopments with famous architects such as Le Corbusier tion of the cities both in terms of historical evolution and the lesser known Koenigsberger designing the cit- and ecological evolution (Munshi, 2000). The ideas ies from scratch. Many towns thus have a historical core put forth by Geddes are very similar to the present-day that dates back several centuries and are based on the sustainable approaches to town planning. Geddes ad- above-mentioned principles which are evident even to- vocated the use of biology, sociology, geography, geol- day. Subsequent developments around and beyond these ogy and town planning to understand how humans and historic districts have led to expansion of these towns into the environment they lived in, affected each other. In sprawling cities in some cases and quaint historic towns the Economy of Cities, Jane Jacobs (1969) talks about in others. With increasing awareness about the preserva- the theory of epigenesis for cities to explain how cities tion and conservation of tangible and intangible heritage, start to grow. She talks about how cities grow through these districts are seen both as threats to development diversification and differentiation of their economies and are in turn being threatened by ‘development’. and the need for small businesses that support the larger exporters and their own growth leading to addition MASTER PLANNING EXERCISE IN INDIA of more business, and thus, an economy that can help the city grow. Jacobs thus makes a convincing argument Master planning exercises in India can be traced to that cities did not emerge out of villages but that settle- the third Five Year Plan. Here the term ‘Master Plan’ was ments started out as urban and the socio-economic fac- defined as a ‘statutory instrument for controlling, direct- tors of these settlements lead to bigger and larger cities. ing and promoting sound and rational development and Cities or urban settlements have been in existence since redevelopment of an urban area with a view to achieving millennia, and with the post industrialization boom of maximum economic, social and aesthetic benefits’ (Me- the urban space, mankind has been trying to theorize shram, 2006, p 1). The master plan is a vision document the production of space. Space is a socially produced for the city, strategized to accommodate the projected construct according to Henry Lefebvre. He talks of the population growth for the next twenty years or so. Based perceived city, a city that is lived in by the people who 20 20 on the population projected, the economic develop- occupy it and the conceived city as that which is con- ment and the ecological aspects of this period are out- ceived by the planners, urbanists, bureaucrats and social lined as well. Due to these aspects, it needs to take into scientists which is the dominant space and the dominat- consideration the regional and national context as these ed or the representational space that is the lived space will impact the projections that are outlined in the doc- which connects the perceived and the conceived spaces. ument. This is how it differs from the City Development This space where the spatial imagination seeks to change plan (CDP) that is anchored in the Jawaharlal Nehru Na- is a socially constructed space that Edward Soja (2010) tional Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM). The CDP is further builds upon as the third space, a space that is focused on ‘creating economically productive, efficient always in transition, producing different kinds of spaces equitable and responsive cities. As per the tool kit of the in the social space. These transformative spaces are lead- JNNURM, a City Development Plan is both the perspec- ing to new kinds of urban imaginaries that are resulting tive and vision document for the future development of due to globalization. The movement of goods, people, a city’. (Meshram, 2006, p 3) The master plan is a legal data and capital has led to the formation of globalized tool that outlines the land allocation, infrastructure re- cities. The post-industrial economic activity has brought quirements in a sustainable way so that the towns and about restructuring of cities both socially and econom- cities are able to function efficiently and effectively. The ically creating what Saaskia Sassen (2001) calls as the master plan, being a vision document, broadly outlines global cities which have resulted in spatial injustice and the various functional allocations of the land, the net- inequality. The Urban Revolution theory by Lefebvre work and circulation systems; it identifies historical areas contends that non-urban life ceased to exist in a way that and precincts that need to be conserved and preserved, globalization was prevalent everywhere. Thus, accord- the natural landscapes that need to be protected along ing to Lefebvre, the term urban takes on a new mean- with the zonal regulations that need to be followed. In ing where it is not just about a spatial aspect but about essence, the master plan is a comprehensive document a way of life. Taking this theory a little further, Brenner that guides and regulates the growth and development and Schimd suggest a planetary urbanization where the of a town or a city for the given period of time and spells term urban is no longer used to denote a particular type out the phases through which the plan is to be imple- of settlement space but a process of socio-spatial trans- mented and operationalized. Town planning in India formation where there is no singular morphology of can trace its origins to the British town planning system the urban but many processes of urban transformation which evolved for the development of infrastructure that crystallize across the world at various spatial scales, and better living conditions. While this planning system with wide ranging, often unpredictable consequences was useful for the conditions prevailing then, it has not for inherited socio-spatial arrangements. (Brenner and kept pace with evolving needs and living conditions. Schmid, 2015: 16) With this new epistemology of ur- JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 21 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS

MAY 2021 21 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.3 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.2 1991-01 4 3.1 3.7 3.2 3.8 3.4 3.2 3.4 2.4 1981-91 Constant Classes of 2011 Classes Constant 3.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.4 4.2 3.4 4.8 2.3 1971-81 (without re-classification effects) re-classification (without 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.5 2.7 3.5 3.3 3.8 2.4 2001-11 SMALL TOWNS IN THE CONTEXT OF INDIA IN THE CONTEXT TOWNS SMALL Small towns are often studied in comparison with comparison in studied often are towns Small from the global south. Yet most of these studies are most of these studies are the global south. Yet from tan or big city activities. It thus requires new or different new or different tan or big city activities. It thus requires towns of the world where banal everyday activities spetowns of the world where - to restore visibility to the smaller settlements that have that settlements smaller the visibility to restore to their own local economic and social and global linkages ization. isation as well with their own economic and social activ- between formed them, their ities and linkages that are resources and not necessarily linked to the metropoli- resources big cities and not by themselves. They are sites of urban- sites are They themselves. and not by cities big al city theory towards an understanding of the ordinary an understanding of the ordinary al city theory towards attempt an is urbanization Subaltern Tokyo. and Paris lenses to analyse and understand these modes of urban- countryside and the global economy (Denis and Zérah, with the megalopolises of the global north like London, cific to the settlements are linked to the locally the to linked available are settlements the to cific cities, Robinson (2006) calls this as a side-lining of the cities of the global south. Roy and Ong (2011) further elaborate new epistemologies attempt for on this and competing on the large cities that can and are centred 2017, 2). Calling for a shift away from the world or glob- a shift away from 2017, 2). Calling for 1 2 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.9 3.5 4.2 4.8 3.5 2.6 2.8 1991-01 3 Gross Increase Gross 2.1 1.3 1.8 3.7 5.7 4.9 4.3 2.6 2.4 2.8 3.2 1981-91 (including inter-censal class changes) class inter-censal (including 4.1 1.9 1.8 2.7 2.7 4.4 4.2 5.5 4.5 2.4 3.9 2.2 1971-81 CITIES POPULATION GROWTH TOTAL RURAL URBAN OTHERS CLASS III CLASS II TOWNS CLASS IC CLASS IB CLASS IA METROPOLISES the global south that are distinct and diverse from the diverse from distinct and the global south that are turn in urban studies with the focus shifting from the the shifting from with the focus urban studies turn in the global south and rejects the singular standards and standards singular the rejects and south global the that presents the worlding of the Third World/develop- the worlding of the Third that presents provided insights and evidence into the urbanisms of provided provide an approach to the post-colonial an approach global theory provide scholars has turned their attention back to small towns has turned their scholars subaltern theories question the hegemony of the theo- studies of the First World/developed countries or global countries or of the First World/developed studies ries that have emerged from the global north and have ries that have emerged from ranking of cities as per norms in favour pre-established ing countries or global south. The term ‘worlding’ here ing countries or global south. The term ‘worlding’ here a world beyondimplies a practice that conjures the cur- conditions of urban living (Roy and Ong, 2011). rent north and posits a theory of worlding, which is used to ban activities engaged in transformation of the cities of ban activities engaged in transformation ban, Ananya Roy (2005) questions the theory of urban ban, Ananya Roy (2005) questions the and the cause and effects of urbanization of the same. Robinson to Mukhopad- Jane M Jacobs to Jennifer From as the Asian century, the turn of the century also saw a as the Asian century, hyay et al (2020), the focus is on the banal and ordinary hyay et al (2020), the focus is on the banal and ordinary Worlding demands an inquiry into the diversity of ur- Worlding of alternative social visions and configurations. Termed of alternative social visions and configurations. global north. It is in this context that a section of the of section a that context this in is It north. global global north to global south. Post-colonial studies and studies Post-colonial south. global to north global Note: Class IA is above 5 million, IB between 1 and 5 million, IC between 100,000 and 1 million, Class II towns are between 50,000 and are II towns 5 million, IB between 1 and 5 million, IC between 100,000 and 1 million, Class IA is above Class Note: 100,000, Class III between 20,000 and 50,000 100,000, Class Population growth by size class of urban areas (% change per year) per year) (% change areas of urban class size growth by 1 : Population Table et al, 2020 Mukhopadhyay Urbanization, Subaltern Source: Table 2: Classification of towns as per population size Source: Census of India MAY 2021 MAY MAY 2021 MAY

Classification as Town/City Type Population per population*

BADAMI TOWN PANCHAYAT 25847 CLASS III

BANGALORE URBAN AGGLOMERATION** 5701446 CLASS I

CHANNAPATNA CITY MUNICIPAL CORPORATION 63577 CLASS II CHIKABALLAPUR CITY MUNICIPAL CORPORATION 54968 CLASS II KAMPLI TOWN MUNICIPAL COUNCIL 35380 CLASS III

RAMANAGARAM CITY MUNICIPAL CORPORATION 79394 CLASS II SIRSI URBAN AGGLOMERATION** 65335 CLASS II

UDUPI URBAN AGGLOMERATION** 127124 CLASS I

*Population size-class: Class I: 100,000 and above; Class II: 50,000 to 99,999; Class III: 20,000 to 49,999; Class IV: 10,000 to 19,999; Class V: 5,000 to 9,999 and Class VI: Less than 5,000 persons.

**U. A. or Urban Agglomeration is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths (OGs) or two or more physically contiguous towns together and any adjoining urban outgrowths of such towns. (a) The core town or at least one of the constituent towns of an UA should necessarily be a statutory town; and (b) the total population of all the constituents (i.e., towns and outgrowths) of an Urban Agglomeration should not be less than 20,000 (as per 1991 Census).

and flows that makes them a vital part of the hierarchy processes that look at small towns away from the lens of of the urban structure. In India, urbanization is unique the metropolitan planning regime and change the ap- 22 22 in many ways as it is a result of the morphing of places proach itself and not just the scale. rather than moving or migration of people. (see Table 1). Thus, it is a form of ‘in-situ urbanization’ as it is termed SMALL TOWNS IN THE CONTEXT OF by Mukhopadhyay (2020), and not due to movement KARNATAKA of a large body of people from the villages to the city. Mukhopadhyay et al (2020) classify small towns in In- The classification of small towns in India by Muk- dia under four categories: The first is an influenced town hopadhyay et al (2020) can be applied to Karnataka as which is in close proximity to a metropolitan town and well, where we have influenced towns like Ramanaga- is thus influenced by it. The second is an entrepreneur- ram and Chikkaballapura in proximity to Bangalore; the ial town that is composed of entrepreneurs and skilled entrepreneurial towns like Udupi and Channapattana, workers and forms industrial clusters. The third cate- market or administrative towns like Kampli, Sirsi and gory consists of market or administrative towns that others. The fourth category is the emerging small towns have always historically been centres of commerce and/ like Ron, Pavagada, Yellapura and so on. The last cate- or administration governed by urban local bodies. The gory as defined by my research, historical towns consist fourth and final category are the emerging small towns of places like Badami, Srirangapatna and Belur. These that are either large census towns or large urbanizing are towns that fall into the class II or class III towns as villages which have a significant portion of their work- per the census of India 2011 with a population of under ing population moving away from the farm sector. To 100,000 with the exception of Udupi. (see Table 2). this list, I would like to add a fifth category of towns As stated earlier with the introduction of the that have a strong historical layer and thus horizontal JNNURM scheme and the implementation of the 74th linkages which extend beyond the local and national Amendment, all town and municipal corporations were boundaries: this has been proved in my earlier research required to develop master plans for their respective on Badami where such linkages are very evident (Shastri towns and cities. Hitherto these exercises were limit- & Subrahmanian, 2021, p. 321). From this analysis we ed to the class I cities which had a population of more can conclude that small towns are independent of met- than 100,000 as per the census by the Government of ropolitan and bigger cities in terms of their economic India. The new amendment thus meant all town and city linkages, where the inhabitants are directly linked to municipal corporations in Karnataka started the exer- the external world through trade and or innovations. cise of master planning. While this is an excellent idea, Second governance regimes matter as the nomencla- the execution leaves a lot to be desired as most of these tures of rural or urban can make a difference in terms towns are not equipped either with the requisite tools of the funds allocated to the town and thus decide its or expertise to undertake an exercise of this nature. The performance. Thus, there is a need to look at planning result is an outsourcing of the planning to an external JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 23 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS

MAY 2021 23 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Homi K. Bhabha conceptualizes a third space Homi K. Bhabha conceptualizes a third CONCLUSION further Felipe (2010) applies the concept Hernandez peoplefor to produce their own habitable space thus utory town’ or ‘census town’ makes a difference in its a difference utory town’ or ‘census town’ makes a world, bothof cities the third the and world first the to larger or metropolitan towns. The studies and anal- their own economic and social- auton processes that are up in many of the towns, especiallyup in many histor- those with ser- typesrelated cell-phone include which activities, of The hinterland. to the town and the surrounding tered ty- the have we set, first the In conclusions: of sets two performance, as the nomenclature governs the policiesperformance, as the nomenclature for a new ontology which is practice. They thus argue the hegemonic position- place where of the cities is ren pologies activities that of small towns, the economic shaping and reshaping their cities and towns. Continu- towns. and cities their reshaping shaping and small towns of the global south occupy their own space shift away from an agrarian economy. While it may still While it may still economy. an agrarian from shift away a shift towards needs to urbanism that post-agrarian be to betterstudied in order understand the transitions ‘stat- as town a of nomenclature the how proves study study by Mukhopadhyay et al (2020) culminates with study by Mukhopadhyay nomic activities coupled with the social changes lead- as much local that are ing to housing transformations, of argument, one can further state that ing this thread in a well-established system of global capitalist hierarchy. ic districts. All these factors together suggest a gradual together suggest a All these factors ic districts. Their is about and nomenclatures. governance regimes nacular materials and techniques to the RCC structure. structure. to the RCC and techniques materials nacular the from activities apart include new non-agrarian now be the dominant economy generator, there is a definite is a definite there be economy generator, the dominant ca- by the locals self-employed and these are who are of category a as relevant is nomenclature the blurred, as they are global. We thus need new epistemologies to We global. as they are in the liminal spaces of themselves able to express are their urban systems, forming the hierarchical away from and transformations occurring All new in these towns. and transformations opportunitiesalternate employment available. that are as the workers tend to move between farm work regular The second set the year. and non-farm work throughout to. While they and funding that the town is entitled boundaries that the agree between urban and rural are Mukhopadhyay et al (2020) observe how these towns Mukhopadhyay et al (2020) observe ysis stated earlier demonstrate that small towns have vices, healthcare, education and hospitality, are driven driven are hospitality, education and vices, healthcare, which is liminal and continually transforming, a space of which is liminal and continually transforming, have a higher share of non-regular workers than cities, workers than of non-regular have a higher share we see the transition of the built form from the local from ver- form the built of transition the see we evident in the in-situ urbanization and the diverse eco- evident in the in-situ urbanization and pro- understand the define these ontological findings to of India. cesses of urbanization in small towns Soja (2010) takes this continuous negotiation. Edward the minority peopleconcept further as the space where this argument contemporary and cities. Taking cultures space to the slums and squatter settlements of of third a theorization that allows obsolete. He argues for dered not necessarily linked own horizontal linkages that are trans-local.and omous that views theory the debunks It innovation of sites metropolitanas large cities the only everyday; the settlement-specificthe everyday; finally; and activities Tourism is also a new activity that is gradually picking that is gradually a new activity is also Tourism - on subaltern urbanization Muk In their research TOWARDS A NEW EPISTEMOLOGY IN URBAN IN URBAN A NEW EPISTEMOLOGY TOWARDS KARNATAKA for densely populated, land-starved sub-continental for facilities. These towns thrive on the banal everyday ferent categories of small towns that they have identi- ferent PLANNING IN THE CONTEXT OF SMALL TOWNS IN TOWNS SMALL OF PLANNING IN THE CONTEXT the guise of development and planning. Compact and the guise of development and planning. ulation. This plotted development template—which is development template—which is ulation. This plotted use plan with huge tracts of agricultural land converted use plan with huge industrial or transportation to residential/commercial/ their own local indepen linkages, which are and global - time and subsequent investment by realtors in huge par- time and subsequent investment by realtors tor in the urban transitions of these towns. The classifica- tor in the urban transitions of these towns. of these tions help one identify the path to urbanization towns and each typology is interlaced with the other urban transitions underway in these towns. This study urban transitions underway in these the land-based economy that is common to all the dif- economy that is common the land-based patterns that are unsustainable in terms of the climatic, patterns that are same template is unfailingly used for town after town in used for same template is unfailingly development sprawling cities with suburban plotted surrounding villages. They also provide the surrounding the surrounding villages. They also provide surrounding infrastructure and resource dimensions. and resource infrastructure mini or aspiring to bemini or aspiring Karnata- all over mini Bangalores is required to link them to the larger regions. The new the larger regions. to link them to is required ically and physically. Indigenous arts and crafts are the Indigenous arts and crafts are ically and physically. towns that have formed mainstay of the entrepreneurial results in a chain of higher land prices that inflate with in a chain results big cities moved away from industrial activities that are building of Bangalore, the Vidhanasoudha in all towns the Vidhanasoudha Bangalore, building of a colonial hangover followed to this day in megacities to this followed a colonial hangover as the case may be, pop projected in anticipation of the - and compact settlements are given permission given are and compact settlements to sprawl as the case may be.as the case this the government Coupled with agency that invariably uses the megacity template to template megacity uses the that invariably agency Karnataka that alters the local landscape both econom- and none of these exist in their pure form (ibid.). The (ibid.). form in their pure exist none of these and attempts to find the various other dimensions that fac- attempts to find the various other dimensions like Bangalore—is a highly flawed method a highly flawed like Bangalore—is of planning without either the supportingwithout either the - or the nec infrastructure ka. The tragedy of this approach is that formerly dense formerly that is approach of this ka. The tragedy with their huge yards for the Agricultural Produce the Mar- for with their huge yards the for the urban centres ket Committees (APMC) are higher learning. This is a common occurrence across This is a common across occurrence higher learning. local economy. Many religious and community trusts Many religious local economy. hopadhayay et al (2020) comment on the centrality of hopadhayay et al (2020) comment on cities, let alone the small towns of Karnataka. Yet the small towns of Karnataka. Yet cities, let alone the dense, pedestrian-scaled changing into settlements are essary planning wherewithal in place. The result is a land in place. The essary planning wherewithal of Karnataka's vision of replicating the iconic legislative the iconic vision of replicating of Karnataka's in of the Vidhanasoudhas we have replicas of Karnataka, create the master plan for the said town or municipality town or municipality the said plan for master the create economic drivers are the construction industry where the construction industry where economic drivers are countryside with infrastructure, education and health countryside with infrastructure, economic activities along with good connectivity that dent of the hierarchical urban structure. Market towns Market structure. urban hierarchical of the dent establish huge educational complexes for institutes of establish huge educational complexes for due to tax, labour, pollution and lifestyle concerns. Edu- pollution and lifestyle due to tax, labour, another way of diversifying the cational institutions are conversion of fertile agricultural land to other land uses conversion of fertile or residential for further parcelled cels of land that are fied. This method of financing is the key factor in the REFERENCES and Malden, MA. https://doi. These towns with their banal everyday economic activi- org/10.1002/9781444346800. ties and complex forces and transformations open up an 1 (Accessed: 26 March 2021) MAY 2021 MAY MAY 2021 MAY alternative reading of urbanisation. A deeper and more Brenner, N., Schmid (2011) C. Planetary Urbanisation. In M. 14 layered understanding of the functioning and flows of Gandy (ed.), Urban Constella- Robinson, J. (2006). Ordinary the small towns is the need of the hour. A more com- tions, Jovis, Berlin. Cities: between Modernity plete understanding of these settlements would lead to and Development. 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12 Roy, A. (2005). Urban Informal- ity: Toward an Epistemology of Ar. Aparna Shastri graduated Planning, Journal of the Amer- from RVCE, Bangalore (2000) ican Planning Association, Vol. and did her M.Arch. in Habitat 71, No. 2, Spring. Design Studies from BMSCE, Bangalore (2015) with a gold 13 medal. She is currently working Roy, A., Ong, A. (2011). Worlding as an Associate Professor at Cities: Asian Experiments DSCA Bangalore and continues and the Art of Being Global. her research in historic districts JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL Wiley- Blackwell, Chichester and small towns of Karnataka.

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AND LEARNERS ROLE OF EDUCATORS OF EDUCATORS ROLE UNDERSTANDING THE UNDERSTANDING A PANDEMIC PEDAGOGY THROUGHPEDAGOGY RETHINKING DESIGNRETHINKING ABSTRACT move forward there is a constant uncertainty as to when campuses would be able to welcome students back so MAY 2021 MAY MAY 2021 MAY Through these unprecedented times, trust for the system it is important to bridge the gap between learning and and a collective approach on all fronts is important to mitigate the teaching online. disruptions experienced during this transition. This has been all the more challenging for design verticals where interactions and ide- ations in the studio has been the essence of the process for years. 1.2 Objectives Defining the roles and responsibilities of both, the educators and ▶ To understand the issues faced by the educa- learners for assimilative learning in remote education is extreme- tors and learners separately ly important to ensure the efficiency of the process. Instead of a ▶ To throw some light on the real problems that unilateral approach towards education, the educators can and must they are trying to deal with lead in many ways and use their judgements in the best interest of ▶ To identify the factors that need empathy in the learners. Equally important is for learners to step up and en- both cases gage in the sessions with a deep interest for learning and creating. The complexity of stay-at-home lives comes with mental, physical and emotional strain which has to be considered for both 1.3 Literature Review stakeholders– the educators and the learners. As a designer, an em- As seen in Figure 1, navigating through design pathetic approach is always the way forward and there is no better education away from studios can be effective and mean- space to consciously start cultivating it than through the formative ingful when educators and learners have clarity about years of learning. their dynamic roles and a complete awareness about the prevailing situations. INTRODUCTION ▶ Dynamic nature of design pedagogy Design thinking is a reiterative and recursive pro- Learning and teaching design is a transformative cess in which people collaborate to analyse and evaluate learning process. It is highly dynamic in nature problems and develop solutions, with the prime focus compared to other disciplines. An educator in de- being enhancing user experience. While every industry sign is more of a facilitator or mentor who helps has been going through myriad changes trying to com- the learner to define his or her own specialised bat challenges, teaching and learning have seen some design skills. Becoming a successful designer has major shifts in perspective and methodology. As educa- a lot to do with the individual's capacity to think tion moved online, there was a transition phase, but one differently and develop ideas. that carried with it unexpected challenges that we were not prepared for. In general, there was a lot of discussion ▶ Is online education effective? about the shortcomings of the educators, systems and There cannot be a definite answer on the effec- 26 26 syllabi. Somehow, the noise around considered only the tiveness mainly due to the diversity of the stake- educators as the major stakeholders of this process. The holders. Since the typical stakeholder is taken to digitization of design education is highly challenging be the students, most studies are about educa- because the pre-packaged solutions available on these tional outcomes for students. But there are many platforms are not enough to teach, learn or explore cre- other stakeholders: Teachers; Online education ative disciplines. With COVID-19 disrupting education providers; Technology suppliers and the families and taking learning to virtual classrooms, a mindful who have an interest in this question because the response is called for, not just from the educators but answer affects their welfare as well. Unfortunate- also the students and their families to ensure that the ly what works for one stakeholder may not work learning process is made effective irrespective of the un- for the others (Zhao, 2020, pp.190). certain times and changing circumstances. ▶ Support tools 1.1 Problem Statement Both design thinking and design communication make use of various forms of representa- The pandemic has come in with an array of over- tion—including sketches, drawings, models and whelming consequences and this global crisis has been prototypes—which can be used along with other an extraordinary time for learning. We are learning how tools to support design education. Such tools are adaptable and resilient educational systems, policy needed to overcome the barriers of communica- makers, teachers, students and families can be. tion during online interactions (Tovey, 2015). Both the educators and learners are going through a phase that they were not prepared for and the ▶ Right frame of mind whole education system is trying to re-imagine human Embracing change is not easy. The time taken var- connections and physical interactions to facilitate re- ies from person to person based on various fac- mote learning. This continued phase has been challeng- tors. While educators need to be acquainted with ing in its own ways to both the stakeholders and there is new technology, tools and innovative teaching no more affected side. methodologies, learners have to stay motivated, This paper aims at exploring the best practices focus on up-skilling and enhancing their knowl- that can be adapted by both educators and learners, edge and push their limits as far as they can. to facilitate a stimulating environment. Defining the roles and responsibilities of educators and learners for assimilative learning in remote education will improve preparedness and mindset towards the process. As we JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 27 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS

MAY 2021 27 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS with what they they with what want to explore to want To support learners To subjects fully the syllabus frame the syllabus Self responsible Self responsible & self motivated Create opportunities Create for learners to explore explore learners to for Explore subjects beyond subjects beyond Explore ROLE OF ROLE OF [Source: Author] [Source: LEARNERS EDUCATORS Figure 1 - Key points for Educator and Learner 1 - Key points Figure for situation performance to improve general improve to Engage in activities Engage in activities Empathy for all & for Empathy acceptance of the acceptance teaching methodology teaching To up skill & innovate in & innovate up skill To METHODOLOGY Feedback about Learners by Educators ▶ The learner should get used to the reality of MAY 2021 MAY MAY 2021 MAY The above objectives will be achieved by using the pandemic and try their best to absorb what's the following methods: conveyed to them through online modes. ▶ Explore as many literature studies as possible– ▶ Literature review the internet has so much more than we can han- Through secondary research, journals, confer- dle. ence papers, and books to review different liter- ▶ Connect with more people from the field to ature written about the gap in the remote teach- ensure that the physical interactions on site or ing and learning process. preliminary physical studies is not fully missed out. ▶ Primary research ▶ Repetition of concepts and self-study must An online survey of 15 learners and educators work beyond the lectures. Maintain a healthy each was conducted to gather opinions on the body and be conscious of being in the right situation of the education system in general. Two frame of mind. separate questionnaires were prepared– one ca- ▶ Plan a schedule that gives enough time to do tering to educators and the other for learners. different things and break the monotony of be- The inferences below are based on around fifteen ing home and staying in front of the system. responses per category. The questionnaire cov- ▶ Take responsibility and hold one accountable. ered aspects like opinions on the effectiveness ▶ Reach out and ask for support whenever needed. of online education, challenges faced, areas that can be improved, etc. The technical aspects that can be improved to enhance the learning and teaching process is something that is discussed in detail in many forums. The difficul- FINDINGS ties faced by the students to cope with this unexpected shift are given priority almost always. It is important to As interpreted from the online survey (Figure 2), understand the challenges that both stakeholders are the major learning is that both the stakeholders agree tackling in general. on commuting time being saved. This in turn is giving the opportunity to explore other areas of interest which was a difficult task through a regular day. 3.1 Identified parameters Though the pandemic has restricted in-person in- 28 28 teraction, the positive side is the time gained to be more Table 1 above helps in understanding how each productive and work on oneself. This will have a holistic parameter is impacting the performance of both stake- impact on every individual if taken in the right stride. holders. Keeping in mind the changing educational The challenges are observed to be similar for both practices in design due to various interruptions by the stakeholders and are issues that can be taken care of pandemic, educators and course designers must be able with some planning and innovation. to apply self-learning theories to create an assimilative These insights have supported the process of learning environment in online education (Kauser, N. identifying the approach that needs to be considered. 2021, pp. 4). The survey also took feedback about one stake- Learners should have an open mind to learn any- holder from the other and that is listed below. time and anywhere, via any platform with the intent of gaining knowledge and upskilling. It calls for accep- Feedback about Educators by Learners tance of the situation, embracing the reality and having ▶ Focus on innovative ways to check the learning a strong personal goal for the times ahead. level. ▶ Dedicated efforts to make classes more engag- 3.2 Identified Approach ing and interactive. ▶ Making it a compulsory rule to switch on the Empathetic approach cameras can be really a game-changer. Whatever maybe the pedagogical approach ad- ▶ Emphasis must be on the learning process opted, the system must be human centric and based on rather than assigning unrealistic deliverables in empathetic approach. quantum. The scope of functions that empathy can mediate ▶ Being empathetic by spending some time con- includes social understanding, emotional competence, necting with students on a personal note. pro-social and moral behaviour, compassion and car- ▶ Dedicated efforts to reinvent the studio cul- ing, and regulation of aggression and other anti-social ture virtually. behaviours. It is a very important factor in the matrix ▶ An educator has the power to expose students of developmental variables that mediate cognitive and to a world of subject, by instigating curiosity affective behaviours (Feshbach & Feshbach, 2009). with intriguing information, so that they are curi- As seen in Figure 3, the teaching approach and ous to research on their own, thereby stimulating learning processes through which a group of design stu- interest. dents design a product or a service for a group of real people in real or simulated situations, must utilize empathy as the catalyst for human transformation (Lam & JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 29 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS

MAY 2021 29 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS 50% Learner 70% 50% 20% 100% ▶ Difficulty to keep track of time but effectively of time but effectively track keep to Difficulty ▶ things many time for Opportunity make to ▶ of and comfort ▶ In most cases, in the security of and engage in activities relax time to ▶ More and opportunity spend with family time to ▶ More ▶ Transition phase from classroom to online online to classroom phase from ▶ Transition times at and a class through ▶ focus to Difficulty case studies and for in movement ▶ Restrictions kept aside earlier kept other than responsibilities home with limited learning. interest if time is managed well. interest to take up responsibilities at home. at up responsibilities take to takes time. more time at hand to explore academics and and academics explore hand to time at more assumptions made regarding the subject taught. assumptions made regarding other activities other activities observation of possibilities causing the block “cracking” a design problem. “cracking” 40% EDUCATOR LEARNER 40% 40% Saves commuting time Saves commuting More time to connect with family with to connect time More Comfort & Flexibility Comfort Time to pursue other interest areas interest Time to pursue other BENEFITS OF ONLINE EDUCATION ONLINE OF BENEFITS Educator 60% 80% 50% ▶ Difficult to keep aside defined time slots for aside defined time slots for keep to ▶ Difficult and with responsibilities overloaded ▶ Mostly demands of the continuous to cater ▶ Need to the continuous due to exhausted ▶ Usually ▶ Sudden need to acquaint with new tools and with new tools acquaint ▶ Sudden need to teaching remote on innovate ▶ Less time to studio and out the transition from ▶ Figuring ▶ Challenging to convey the concepts and ideate and ideate the concepts convey to ▶ Challenging handled well. long when online. So effectively, though similar long when online. So effectively, interaction is reduced. interaction interactive ideation spaces to virtual to problem spaces ideation interactive work and home. work for designs online as a session should not get too for the household while ensuring the sessions are sessions are the the household while ensuring techniques. platforms to teach. to platforms schedules are followed on paper, the duration of the duration on paper, followed are schedules solving. difficulty to draw line between work and home. difficulty draw line between work to exhaustion. 50% 40% 80% 60% 50% Parameter Education Social Situation Social 20% 20% Time Teaching/Learning Yes Difficulty to understand/convey concepts Difficulty to understand/convey Creativity blockCreativity Technical glitches Technical No IS ONLINE MODE WORKING FOR YOU? FOR WORKING MODE IS ONLINE CHALLENGES OF ONLINE EDUCATION OF CHALLENGES – Insights about effectiveness of Remote Learning of Remote about effectiveness 1 – Insights Table Author by Survey Source: Insights about effectiveness of Remote Learning of Remote about effectiveness 2 – Insights Figure Author by Survey Source: Suen, 2015). This approach holds good in design peda- tor and learner come together with the intent of collab- gogy irrespective of the disruptions brought about by orating for knowledge and up-skilling. MAY 2021 MAY MAY 2021 MAY the pandemic. So, in the current scenario, it only calls In any design vertical, it is always a collaboration out for this attitude with increased urgency and seriousness. that makes sense. There is ideally no scope for a gap be- Just like these aspects can have phenomenal im- cause where one stakeholder is in doubt, the other stake- pact on the design process and final deliverables, empa- holder must be able to come up with a viable step forward. thy and the efforts to understand the situation of each The pandemic is a reminder to increase every- stakeholder, will help each individual to operate from one’s awareness about the impact and relevance of the the right frame of mind with right judgments. trait of empathy. As a designer, an empathetic approach is always the way forward and there is no better space to Considerations to be given to Educators consciously start cultivating it than through the forma- ▶ Distress of familiarizing with new modes of tive years of learning. teaching. ▶ Time management issues while working from. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS home while doing a job that needs complete focus ▶ Blurred lines in case of schedules and respon- I wish to thank all the educators and learners who sibilities. took the survey which supported by analysis and findings. ▶ Coping with health distress in their own house- I extend my thanks to Mr. David Vincent for help- hold. ing me interpret the data and for critiquing my manuscript. ▶ In many cases, since the educators are asked to report to work physically, fear of exposure and guilt of putting their families in danger. REFERENCES ▶ Distress caused by pay cuts. 1 ▶ Stress and anxiety of not being able to convey Zhao, Y. (2020). Tofu Is Not concepts or hold attention of the learners for Cheese: Rethinking Education long enough. Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. ECNU Review of Education ▶ Policies and regulations issued by statutory 2020, 3(2), 189–203. https://doi. authorities which are often not in favour of ed- org/10.1177/2096531120928082 ucators. (Accessed in April 2021). Ar. Glynn George is a graduate 2 from NIT, Tiruchirappalli (2014). DISCUSSION Tovey, M. (2015) Developments After working with Good Earth in Design Pedagogy, International builders for the first three years 30 30 Conference for Engineering & of her career, she followed The transition of the mode of education, espe- Product Design Education, Sep- her interest in sustainable and cially in the design discipline, can be smooth only when tember, 2015. low-cost construction. For the both stakeholders understand the situation and re- past four years she has been an 3 spond with a sensitive mind. The educator and learner academician. She is currently an Kauser, Nasreen (2021). Re- Assistant Professor at the Nitte must both come with open minds and with empathy if thinking Architecture Pedagogy School of Architecture Planning in the Era of Pandemics. Sthala, the process is to work. and Design, Bangalore. Design has to be an empathetic process and the 1(1), 1–6. pedagogy must always be a sensitive approach. Having 4 empathy in the design process can help designers relate Feshbach, Norma & Feshbach, to the end user by identifying how and why certain ex- Seymour (2009). Empathy and Education. 10.7551/mit- periences are meaningful. This underlying concept of press/9780262012973.003.0008 the design process is the very same trait that will help in (Accessed in April 2021). rethinking the design pedagogy through this pandemic. 5 When the stakeholders approach the situation Lam, Yan Yan and Suen, Bernard with an understanding of what each stakeholder could Yiu Sin (2015) “Experiencing be handling in their own personal capacity, the teaching Empathy in Design Education through Community Engage- and learning will become more effective as each will do ment.” International Journal their best to ensure efficiency. To sum it up: of Continuing Education and ▶ An empathetic approach from the side of both, Lifelong Learning, University of learners and educators. Hong Kong. ▶ Facilitate an environment that pushes for self-learning. ▶ Self-judgment and rational thinking needs to be cultivated. ▶ Time management is vital. ▶ Learning attitude needs a reform. ▶ Educator-learner ratio needs to be reorganized.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The shift from a physical studio to virtual platform can be brought about sensitively when the educa- JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL

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By Madhuli Awasarkar AND ITS PEOPLE ITS AND UNIFYING SILK SILK SANYOG SANYOG SILK ABSTRACT mark its existence. It was observed that overall, there has been less exposure to these communities due to eco- MAY 2021 MAY MAY 2021 MAY This design dissertation “Silk Sanyog: Unifying silk and its nomic and infrastructural difficulties. Farmers, reelers, people” revolves around silk and its process. It talks about people dyers, weavers are the whole-and-soul foundation of involved and intends to elevate this cultural heritage in the urban this system. Hence, as a response to the emerged con- fabric. This study is an attempt to shift the light to the heritage flict, the first step should be to equip and train these value of silk and also to understand the shortcomings in its way to people in order to expand the system further which in- retain the cultural existence of silk hand looms. cludes proper orientation and skill training to pass on the art, establish an interaction between various com- 1. Silk munities involved, providing them a platform to repre- The use of silk has long been a status symbol and sent themselves and provide economic stability under a synonym for grandeur. People, art forms, history, my- government provisions. thology, diverse cultures have influenced silk as a textile and thus it also embodies diversity and richness of tex- 3. Programme and Design tiles in Indian culture. From sericulture to silk is a long In Maharashtra, Vidarbha district carries out process that involves various mechanisms and people on the maximum amount of silk farming. As there is water various levels of complexity. With changing definitions scarcity and several issues for water as a resource since of urban fabric, silk has evolved from a cultural entity agriculture is a primary occupation, it becomes difficult to one that also has economic importance. The demand for farmers to make ends meet. Nagpur district has been has made it a lucrative alternative to agriculture. the leading district in sericulture and for weaving communities. 2. Conflict Maharashtra is one of the leading states in India SITE involved in silk production. It was found that all the activities from fibre to fabric are segregated in differ- The site selected for the design project is an ex- ent geographical regions leading to inaccessibility for isting silk department that is working with the aim of economically weaker classes involved. Various regions expanding its training base for farmers and create more have emerging sericulture farms and production set- weavers’ service centres. Nagpur being at the centre, has ups for which farmers are required to travel all the way a well-established transport connectivity. to Mysore to acquire skills and training. As the cocoon forms and matures, it is auctioned in the cocoon market PROGRAMME at Karnataka. On the other hand, weavers have started 32 32 turning their backs on methods of handloom produc- The programme consists of four respective phases tion and are adopting the power loom system. This has with respect to the user experience: created an impact on the overall cultural legacy of weaving. With increasing production pressure, lack of skill ▶ The first is the experiential phase which in- training and workshops, dependency on other states, cludes the silk-making process, textile exhibits, existing problems in working, surrounding conditions conferences and talks as public space. and infrastructure, there emerges a need to find a solu- ▶ The second is as an institutional phase which is tion to these issues, tackle the cultural dilemma and a semi private space open accessible by trainers,

Silk Process JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 33 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS

MAY 2021 33 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Orientation space and courtyard; Reeling and stifling Reeling and courtyard; space Orientation bottom: to Top - trainees in sericul for seating Informal space; Entrance of yarn; process weavers setting for with discussion space Weaving space; Training ture and designers. graduated graduated Madhuli Awasarkar - of Archi the IES College from Mumbai in 2020. This tecture, article is based on her final year design dissertation under the Shilpa Sharma. of Dr. guidance RESPONSE The fourth is the accommodation facility for is the accommodationfourth facility ▶ The Third is the administrative administrative is the body▶ Third research with BUILT EXPRESSION BUILT trainees which is a private space. is a private space. trainees which trainees and visitors. and visitors. trainees private space. private space. In this process of research and study it was clear was it study and research processof this In and development expansion which is strictly a which is strictly expansion and development Use of CSEB was a conscious decision that in- Use of CSEB was a conscious decision The design follows the programme categorisation categorisation follows the programme The design textile weaving and training and handloom fashion run- the centre and served the needs of both and the centre the farmers and that ‘people’ have been the equally the souls who are beenhas silk everyone, to accessible one the to ubiq- a arises a need to equip weavers uitous favourite. There their activities. The built-mass is planned around in- built-mass is planned around their activities. The or pockets,timate courtyards as a whole entity, which process, a programme was planned to provide support was planned to provide process, a programme posite structural system, where arches not only act as posite arches structural system, where planned opposite it for a dedicated and uninterrupted planned opposite it for semi-open, green cover are few important few aspectssemi-open, cover are that green siders to encourage the design and diversity of quality. siders to encourage the design and diversity of quality. services to users in terms of training, skill development, shaping hands behind this magnificent tradition. Over structure but also create a design language. Arches cov- a design language. Arches also create but structure the process and experience.spaces for space. The spaces for public interaction are planned are for public interaction space. The spaces in between planned these two masses. Built spaces are ment works with the existing one. Training spaces are spaces are existing one. Training ment works with the rangement is a response functions, the to the existing been a prominent factor in design. Free flowing spaces been factor in design. Free a prominent Incorporating the spaces, needs and connecting them and silk farmers in order to preserve and promote this and promote to preserve and silk farmers in order very ‘people’art. This intervention hence kept these in around a semi-openaround and opena central spine which is administrative office with the new sericulture depart- with the new sericulture administrative office again has a central pocketagain has a central The spatial ar- or courtyard. with a variety of uses, balancing the built with openwith built the balancing uses, of variety a with and with the users, and also considering the soft aspects has ways. This connects the insiders of industry with out- weavers. With an idea to support and elevate the silk opened all. its doors for decades with silk, its weavers tooweavers its silk, with decades journey the lived have of textile and luxurious form a rarest of change. From er spans of 10m that help to achieve seamless working er spans of 10m that help to achieve creases the use of local the use creases works efficiently in material and convergence of all public activities. of four phases, with three zones on the ground floor zones on the ground and phases, with three of four to one first floor users according planned to segregate Nagpur's temperate climate. The building uses a com- MAY 2021 MAY Call for Articles Projects & Papers

Journal of the Indian Institute of Architects invites original Category 2 and unpublished contributions from members (academi- Summaries of dissertations (2000–3000 words) at the cians, practitioners and students) under the three categories level of B.Arch. & M.Arch., and theses at the Ph.D. level. The given below. Guide for that work will be mentioned as the Co-author. (For- mat will be available on the JIIA website) In order to be accepted for publication, all material sent in 34 these categories should be sent in the following components: Category 3 1 MS Word document file with text only. Please do not Research papers (2000-5000 words) in the prescribed format it in any way. The numbered captions for all the im- format. The research may be based on their ongoing or com- ages will also be in this document. pleted research. (Format will be available on the JIIA web- 2 Folder with all images (jpeg of minimum 300 DPI), site). All contributions in this category will be double-blind numbered according to the captions given in your text file peer-reviewed by academic experts of repute, before being 3 Photograph of the author/s (jpeg of minimum 300 DPI) accepted for publication. 4 Author biodata – Maximum 50 words. 5 PDF (optional)– showing the intended layout. This pdf Category 4 should include text and all images, with numbered cap- Contributions from Chapter Correspondents tions. Chapter News: This includes various interesting activi- Category 1 ties from the Centres of your Chapters (maxm. 500 words for Essays, interviews, articles (1500–2500 words) and the news from the entire Chapter). All material sent should be book reviews (600–750 words) in the areas of architecture, sent in the following two components: planning, urbanism, pedagogy, heritage, technology, ecology, 1 MS Word document file with text only. Please do not theory and criticism, visual design, practice or any other rele- format it in any way. No pdfs will be accepted. The numbered vant subject pertaining to the built environment. (Details of captions for all the images will also be in this document. This the format will be available on the JIIA website). should NOT contain any images. For a design project, please include the “Fact File” with 2 Folder with all images (jpegs of minimum 300 DPI), the following details: Project Name, Location, Plot area, To- numbered according to the captions given in your text file. tal built-up, Structural consultants, Project completion. Also, please give the photo captions and credits. Please ensure that Projects: Identify outstanding architectural projects of the image is referred to within the text. For e.g., “As seen in members and send them to JIIA Team to consider for publica- Figure 1…”. This is essential for the layout. tion. (Please follow the design project requirements as given For design projects, plans and sections of the project in Category 1) are desirable along with the photographs. Further, it is important that along with the manuscript, Obituaries: Obituaries of IIA members should consist we receive an undertaking from you that the stated architect/ of the photograph of the departed soul, the dates of birth and architectural firm is the author of the architectural projects death and a short 50-word note. mentioned in the article, and that IIA and JIIA is in no way responsible for any matter or dispute arising out of the publi- Please email all papers and articles through the Chap-

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL cation of the same. ter/Centre or directly to [email protected]. MAY 2021 35 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS MAY 2021 MAY

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MAY 2021 37 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS

SOMAYA AR. BRINDA BRINDA AR. DIALOGUE Compassion in design is something that is evident in the way Brinda Somaya practises architcture and this conversation between Apurva Bose Dutta and MAY 2021 MAY Brinda Somaya bear ample testimony to her compassionate self.

Interview by: Ar. Apurva Bose Dutta Pictures: Courtesy Somaya & Kalappa Consultants (SNK)

Previous page Ongoing conservation of Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad; Top: Goa Institute of Management, Goa; Right Campus for TATA Consultancy Services (TCS), Indore

Apurva Bose Dutta (ABD) Architecture is a cerebral profession. There are various Congratulations on the recent recognition from the ways to contribute to the profession, including practice. I International Union of Architects for the Malabari Memorial have recently completed guest-editing a journal on housing Hall, Seva Sadan Society project in Mumbai. The building ca- for the Ekistics and The New Habitat. I wrote my monograph ters to the education of lesser privileged girls and women, and a few years ago, chronicling my journey over the last four de- you are known to associate yourself with projects of women cades. I established the HECAR Foundation, through which empowerment. Has your ideology seen a shift in the past four we are publishing several books and organising seminal con- decades in terms of the projects you want to associate with? ferences, like the recently held WID2020+. For me, age is not an obstacle, and I am sensible about it. As long as the mind Brinda Somaya (BS) is alert and interested in what is happening around and one I feel blessed to have a journey that has been rich and keeps good health, I believe architects need never retire. Nat- diverse in terms of opportunities, whether in the form of proj- urally, the role that they play in the profession will change but ects that have come to me or pro-bono projects where I have will always have value. offered my services. The current pandemic has made it more evident that no one can foresee the road ahead. I wonder how ABD the pandemic will impact everything, what the needs of the Architects can have different intentions to build. How- people will be, and how architects could help. This change ever, the one intention they should always have is the social will have to happen in actual down-to-earth projects in rural intention, which outlines the role of architecture to serve so- and urban areas, rather than mere grandiose projects. ciety. In your architecture, the social dimension has been om- Sustainability, conservation, restoration, retrofitting, nipresent. How has this dimension evolved for you through and the circular economy concept (preserve, value, and reuse the lens of your work in this time? resources, even from a demolished site) have been an essential part of my design approach. This is especially relevant to BS India, a poor country that will, unfortunately, become poor- I was born in India, and I built my practice here. I de- er after the pandemic. Now is the time to stick to the above sign for the Indian people, and it is imperative that I under- mantras with serious commitment to avoid wastage. stand and put their needs first. In no way does this diminish JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 39 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Another one is a museum for the Indus Valley Civiliza- the Indus Valley is a museum for Another one ABD associate with large-scale govern- less relatively You BS are RFPs or invitations to architects The government of a ‘government In a country like India, the definition with for architects, The government is the largest client project, but not before completing its documentation, completing but not before which project, can be later. implemented had proposed, ‘Global Heritage Fund’ that the tion, a project localwith their excited about partners. I was it because India ancient civil- our most for any exclusive museum did not have India (barring to museums across many of my visits isation. In would be- Mumbai), there relat some artefacts only CSMVS, and that too,ed to the Indus civilisation, inadequately dis- came through, the land in Pune never played. Unfortunately, disappeared. and the project that been Has ment projects. decision? Should we a conscious lead letting government buildings take the focus on put more design in India? in architecture betterno vendor. a than architect the treat to prepared rarely vendors! not are We be could – dependingproject’ broad on which organisations their and serious they are, how professional involved, are I have enjoyed members, an architect. and what they seek from of like the restoration working on some government projects, Atomic of Department the for Mumbai in Club Yacht Old the working on government-owned educa- I am currently Energy. Ahmedabad, IIM, and Bombay IIT, as such institutions tional competitions held in a system- which I won through that were manner. and transparent atic, fair, If a government is fair and honest in various kinds of projects. its thinking, it should use its power- to encourage young archi government projects/ a few tects. I would suggest restricting What could have changed over time is the scale of so- time is the scale have changed over What could aim has beenOver the years, my a larger to impact include many more Social dimensions in architecture ABD on your reflect If you have to travel back in time and BS that they wish would has many projects Every architect cial projects that I have been that I have cial projects My first project involved with. an rehabilitated I bono thereafter, pro was a small project; in rural ar- I have also worked village in Bhuj. earthquake-hit eas and slums. Woods Colaba The socialpeople of projects. through group and an open-air a garden museum in Mumbai, and project, have beenthe proposed Esplanade urban project Mumbai examples of such projects. me, the underprivileged. For aspects than just building for how labour at site is very important. is treated Since the be- - that the facili I have always ensured ginning of my career, at site, namely a women labourers and their children ties for and a basic school, project. an integral part of the creche are their em- get upskilled to increase It is essential that women ployment opportunities (as painters, welders, masons). The corporatethe government and architects, along with world, of few a address to efforts conscious make to need certainly these social issues. been has there any proposed project journey in architecture, that you wish could have materialised? remains an Project have materialised. The Mumbai Esplanade two persistedthat I for government with the unbuilt dream that it would not materialise unless there years, but I realised was political I stopped will. and bureaucratic the pursuing my creativity. The social funda - of the most is one dimension my creativity. - gets height which of architecture, parts and intrinsic mental you chooseened when in a country like India. to practise competitions to architects who are 45 years and below. What While I still have many repeat clients, the world today matters most is the architect’s ability to design and build; the is very different. There is an overload of information on the

MAY 2021 MAY narrow criterion for the applying participant to have com- internet, media, and in publications. The number of practis- pleted some ‘n’ number of square feet should be eliminated. ing architects has significantly increased, so some clients may Otherwise, we see the same people getting all the government not want to continue working with a single architect. It is up projects, and we end up missing out on the fantastic creativ- to the studio to ensure why their client would want to keep ity that we have in the younger architects of today. A young on returning to them. It is very important to have trust and a country like India needs fresh, and new ideas for their projects comfort level with the client. Besides, some clients today de- of the future. rive pride from their projects, and the sensitive ones appreciate a good aesthetic sense, which the architects must deliver. ABD Architects must be very clear about their foundation and ba- Indian traditional history has been replete with exam- sics. Since a client is investing a large sum of money, architects ples where the architects or artisans of world-acclaimed mon- should be transparent about what value they can add to the uments were never known. project. The people who commissioned those projects – the Well-informed clients are a great asset. They know their clients, became far more important than the creator. Howev- limitations, the architect’s strength and value, and their rea- er, in the twentieth century, architects became better known son for approaching a specific architect. We have intelligent than their clients. Architecture is a collaborative process, and non-confrontational discussions with our clients. We do not it is the vision or idea of a client that an architect conceptu- have to be sitting on opposite sides of the table, but rather alises, curates, executes and delivers. From your own experi- next to each other. Clients end up becoming partners in the ence of building for some of India's biggest and most respect- process. ed names, what is the ideal synergy that an architect-client bond can develop with sensitivity and awareness to boundar- ABD ies they should not cross? Unlike India, citizen participation is an essential aspect of city building in countries worldwide. Your communi- BS ty projects and the Mumbai Esplanade project ensured that Some aspects of the architect-client relationship have public participation became integral to the project conceptu- altered over the decades, while other aspects remain con- alisation. How is the lack of citizen participation in city build- stant. I always welcome change because I know that change is ing hampering architecture in India? inevitable. When I started working, life was slower; there was no technology and time was invested in building personal re- BS lationships. I had to be physically present for every meeting. Citizens, on their own, are participating in city build- 40 Values of trust and integrity were shared between the archi- ing. Mumbai is an example where I have witnessed many tect and client. Architects were like doctors or lawyers for ev- NGOs and citizen groups who have played a prominent role ery family, and clients would return to them for every project. in saving buildings, getting several city sites on the world her- JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 41 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS is an architect and urban conserva and urban - is an architect Somaya Brinda - & Ka decades, her firm Somaya four tionist. Over (SNK) architecture, has merged lappa Consultants equity in projects. and social conservation and building design of multiple Master-planning campuses, including and educational corporate and Nalanda Services, Indore, Consultancy Tata is her expertise. Vadodara, School, International and national international She has won numerous the Indian Insti- she was awarded In 2014 awards. Medal for Gold Baburao Mhatre of Architects tute So- Her monograph, Brinda Achievement. Lifetime was published in 2018. & Continuities : Works maya Professor-at-large she is the A.D. White present At U.S.A. University, Cornell at architectural is an author, Apurva Bose Dutta Ar. based in Bengaluru. and editor journalist, curator has seen of sixteen years journey Her professional with multimedia publication global collaborations in- and educational houses, firms, organisations, She industry. in the AEC communicate stitutions to of India : A Blend Voices Architectural has authored . Ethos and Traditional of Contemporary There have have There about overseas, even debates, been many school and Every structure their course should have to nurture a fixed environment One cannot structure what should bewhat out- or the studio – the design critical more if we only let it be the the studio, then in However, side reality. could of vision education, that narrowness broad absence of remain. devise it as perelectives and they would kind of architects the world. Rigid pedagogicalbring out into the want to ap- to be syllabi have or standard reconsidered. proaches professors their or mentors of talk architects Often creativity. them, and I think everyone and encouraged who inspired aca- their through life does to circumnavigate way their find demic years and beyond. It is time for us to get the youth into governance, and a and governance, into youth the get to us for time is It ABD design in- The power of imagination in architecture BS for this. What is essential is that answer is no easy There Proposed scheme for the Mumbai Esplanade Project the Mumbai Esplanade for scheme Proposed Malabari Memorial Hall, Seva Sadan Society, Mumbai Sadan Society, Hall, Seva Left Memorial Page Malabari Above younger government can supportyounger government - I strong its young citizens. number only a certain that be of seats should ly feel reserved people. older has The pandemic for in the government been youth the that energy the witness to us for example great a young people, a country of are can and change brings. We peopleonly come if younger change given a chance. The are has to be the top, which can only happen made from if they generation. the next way for willing to listen and they make are lives. can affect human psychology and fluences how spaces to This imagination needs at the education level, be enhanced shifts have to where be made in skills. With your pedagogical association and education, keen interest with architectural schools de- on focus should architectural opine you do how in students? veloping imagination and creativity education, which covers liter- have a broad should architects and the sciences along psychology sociology, to history, ature a master’s de- One can go in for training. with architectural four-year under- even after a U.S.A. in the in architecture gree is indeed a remarkable grad in the Liberal Arts. Our profession one that covers all aspects of life. itage lists, and fighting for the environment. However, frustra - However, the environment. for fighting lists, and itage is no support there in if from creep do and helplessness tion the government. HERITAGE CONSERVATION MAY 2021 MAY A JOURNEY FROM MONUMENT CONSERVATION PRACTICES TO CULTURE- CENTRIC DEVELOPMENT APPROACH PROMOTING CULTURAL RESILIENCE PROF. SHUBHADA KAMALAPURKAR AND 42 PROF. VAISHALI LATKAR JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 43 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Recent technical advances supportRecent technical these conservation heritage is also picking up. It of recreating A new trend beenhave domains public in Monuments conserved AGENT A SOCIAL AS HERITAGE social inclusiveness) (for socialGlobal documents for historic cores identify especially Conservation of areas, the historic cores, sons, expertssons, sus- Achieving practices. these with conversant have wisdom traditional of application through tainability studies. various been through proved such incapable of maintaining case of an owner efforts. In may be adaptive reuse innovative introduced in structures, locals encouraging such structure It will not to participate. socialbond the only increase but also strengthen cohesion, that locals av- with such places and generates economic share opening towns are small up their from enues. Many owners people all strata can the homestays, where from properties for experience local local culture, local cuisine and architecture. modelThe ‘home-stay’ an authentic experi giving visitors - beenence of the place has many cities and small successful in livelihood initiatives provide towns of India. These opportunities and boosts up local benefitting directly economy the local communities of the place. Corporate models of heritage through currency foreign attract handsome hotels already heritage tourism. the need of such destinations as break- emphasizes strongly can turn out to areas away places. Heritage tourism to such tourism can Conversely, the region. be an economic driver for for the conservation of heritage. support financial provide in various cities and successfully with government funding such as HRIDAY towns. Recent initiatives by the Government a good extent, can be seen as another tool to achieve this. To bringing together urban planning, the aim of HRIDAY—of and heritage conservation in an inclusive economic growth the heritage manner and with the objective of preserving the cities of Ajmer, beencharacter of a city—has achieved for Kanchipuram, Gaya, Dwarka, Badami, Amaravati, Amritsar, The scheme Warangal. Velankanni, Mathura, Puri, Varanasi has supported heritage-linked civ- the development of core of which includes revitalization projects ic infrastructure cul- heritage, religious, around areas for urban infrastructure Heritage served as a tural and tourism assets of these cities. which uplifted the cities’ urban this development driver for drainage, in terms of water supply, infrastructure and green with footpaths and street roads waste management, approach landscaped and areas lights, tourist conveniences, electricity, citizen services. footprint, as inclusiveness. The attributes of historic cores massing, distribution of open of open spaces, relation spaces more cores historic make responsive spaces culture built, to Social value of heritage includes place at- inclusive and safer. tachment, enhancing social cohesion, building community of affiliations that the community or other feelings identity, specific character- derives from heritage or its environmental istics, defining their ‘home’ territory. become involvement to due challenging precincts heritage of multiple agencies. Separate legal tools on as well as stress implementation successful in help could participation public Nizamuddin Urban Renewal Initiative in of such projects. Delhi combines conservation with socio-economic develop- It has paved ment focusing on community-centric approach. such collaborations the locals benefit where a new way for are - Recent disasters in the world led to rethinking of the to rethinking world led in the disasters Recent started In the Indian scenario, heritage conservation AGENT ECONOMIC AN AS HERITAGE livelihoods(for and development) Heritage conservation should be looked upon as a so- Spectrum of built heritage is varied and intricately woven woven and intricately Image on left is varied page: Spectrum of built heritage sense of Indian of the times demonstrating practices cultural with socio be but used to functional entities not merely were structures aesthetics. Water hubs of the time. cultural strategies to be adopted for combating them. A strong voice A strong them. combating to bestrategies for adopted these is- wisdom while addressing traditional integrating for sues has been Global policy worldwide. emerging documents identify 2030 (UNESCO 2015) Goals like UN Sustainable the This has changed development. as the driver for culture perspective which is being cultural heritage, towards viewed the Further, evidence. historical mere than resource a as at the (UNESCO 2013) places culture Hangzhou Declaration development policies;heart of sustainable thus, emphasising people-centricmarks the Convention development. The Faro It states, heritage. for understanding shift in the approach the inherited from of resources is a group “Cultural heritage past which people identify independentlya of ownership, as values, evolving their constantly of expression and reflection beliefs, knowledge and traditions. (Europe 2017). It includes the interac- from all the aspects resulting of the environment betweention approach The time.” people through places and landscape’ with the ‘cultural holistic in concurrence is more and a sense of The attributes of inclusiveness approach. be- have been longing of historic cores highlighted by different global policy documents. Thus, it becomes imperative that we that and values of cultural resources understand the nature the benefitcan be the society of used for at large. the years, in keeping with monument conservation. Over toopace with the global developments, India IN- drafted the cater to Indianness of the practices. Howev- Charter to TACH in strategy development holistic a as conservation heritage er, Sectorial practices, multiple governing India is yet a dream. some of the hurdles are agencies and a lackadaisical approach few attri- This article tries to highlight we need to overcome. played by the roles butes of our built heritage and elucidates and how it can contribute in heritage as a cultural resource in various ways. building resilience practice. Thus, cio-cultural activity rather than a technical ‘signif- traditional the and heritage the of factors contextual icance’ of the heritage gains importance along with a mod- a strong is ‘economic value’, which of assessing approach ern management and conservation heritage shaping in force Organization, Trade to World According practices today. heritage and sites not only en- 2013, conserving unprotected the survival of country’s sense of place and character, sures local avenues of employment, markets for but also provides use generates values like direct arts and crafts and thereby - value, non-use value, cultural value, tourist value and real-es tate value. Harnessing this will help in poverty alleviation and sustainable development. In India, the spectrum of the built religious, heritage categories is vast. It includes residential, - public archi industrial, infrastructure, mixed, commercial, and cultural landscape and scale-wise urban areas cat- tecture egories. The matrix regions and times. becomes complex with boundEach category has unique characteristics yet these are respectiveby the similarities of arts and crafts employed in retaining such entities involve craftsmen, ma- times. Thus, MAY 2021 MAY

44 Forts and Palaces converted into heritage hotels are favourite destinations for heritage tourism.

ted (Network 2020). In Mumbai, critical and creative public HERITAGE AS A CULTURAL AGENT engagement with Mumbai's histories, streets and spaces, art (building cultural resilience) and museums has strengthened the bond of Mumbaikars with their city and the heritage. These participatory approaches Cultural heritage, as a key component of cultural di- and engagements are very crucial for emotional and social versity, is a critical consideration for any strategy to build the health of the city and its people. resilience of communities. Heritage places, pan-India have cultural significance which is determined by the associations BUILT HERITAGE AS A COMPONENT OF CULTURAL and meanings that people attach to a place, its setting, its LANDSCAPE buildings and its patterns of usage. Local communities build (for strengthening socio-ecological systems) relationships with landscapes in numerous ways, thus highlighting the importance of understanding local perspectives Many of the heritage sites in India are cultural land- and connections of individuals and groups with heritage. In scapes, while several others are combined works, reflecting that case, the vital store-house of cultural meanings which man’s understanding and associations with nature. Amos they attach to it, and is called as ‘heritage’, become primary. Rapoport defines landscape as a spatial and temporal aspect Culture and identity are related to social relationships and in settlement establishment process. These are time- and reflected spatially through landscapes. ‘Spatiality’ extends far place-specific socio-ecological interactions which lead to beyond ‘heritage’ to include locally distinctive characteristics diverse, resilient social-ecological systems which can also be of the place. These distinctive characteristics are the identi- termed as ‘socio-ecological’ heritage. It is important to under- ty of the people, reflecting their associations. Inappropriate stand the relationship between cultural and ecological diver- development can break these links between local communi- sities for developing successful conservation strategies, failing ties– culture, nature, and change locally distinctive charac- which, both will diminish due to the dynamic interconnec- teristics and meanings; and affect sustenance and resilience tions of people and ecosystems. UNESCO, in their sustainable of the place. These localized values and associations with the development policy, have recognised these ‘human-ecologi- heritage can contribute towards cultural resilience. cal’ and ‘social-ecological’ links, their interdependencies and Cultural Resilience is a relatively new theory which is their complex mutual adaptations, which make them central relevant extremely in a country like India which is rich and to the resilience of communities and cultural landscapes. varied in culture, heritage and traditional wisdom. This theo- Many of the forts across India, settlements along rivers like ry proposes the use of traditional life– ways to overcome the Varanasi, Orccha and Ayodhya can be cited as examples of negative influences of oppression, abuse, poverty, violence cultural landscapes and called as ‘social-ecological systems’. and discrimination. It holds true especially in the wake of cli- JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 45 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Prof. Shubhada Ashok Kamalapurkar Ph.D., is a Kamalapurkar Shubhada Ashok Prof. of B.N. College Member at and Founder Professor past 26 years. for teaching MKSSS, Architecture, Architecture of Studies, She is a Member of Board IN- Committee, SPPU, Pune and of the Executive at Scientific National Member, Pune Chapter; TACH, Land- and Cultural Tourism of Cultural Committee India. She is also a contributing scapes of ICOMOS, Scientific International member of ICOMOS–IFLA Landscapes (ISC CL). on Cultural Committee , Ph.D., is a Professor Latkar Prasad Vaishali Prof. of M. Department and Head of the Post-graduate Sinhagad at Conservation) (Architectural Arch. Pune. She is a coordinator of Architecture, College of of Training Committee Scientific of National of India. She is also a Member of Board ICOMOS, SPPU, Pune and of the at Architecture Studies, and Pune chapter of INTACH Committee Executive and train- in awareness involved has been actively Conservation. Heritage to related ing programs - about In archi academics. awareness stem from should this building of indigenous theories in India, education tectural - taught at under seldom are and traditional wisdom practices and re-invent a need to introspect, is levels. There graduate introduce shaping young level, thus this at the graduation - climates, chang to changing making them resilient minds and changing ecologies. technologies and changing ing cultures, REFERENCES 1 Plan." https://www.coe.int. Action Convention "Faro of 2017. Council Europe, - 11, 2021. https://www.coe.int/en/web/culture-and-heri April Accessed 1. May tage/faro-action-plan. 2 D., King, J., O'Brien, C., Douglas, G., Marrion, M., Boccardi, R., Murthy, Jigyasu, and M., 2013. Heritage and Osihn, P. Albrito, Y., G., Kim, G., Dolcemascolo, risks. disaster issues and opportunities reducing for resilience: 3 - - Socioeco in Delhi renewal 2020. Urban Khan Development. Aga Network, https:// 11, 2021. April Accessed https://www.akdn.org/. nomic initiatives. - www.akdn.org/where-we-work/south-asia/india/cultural-development/ur ban-renewal-delhi-socioeconomic-initiatives. 4 and the heritage J.D., 2013. "Social–ecological I., Boada, M. and Tàbara, Otero, : A case study landscapes under global change of Mediterranean conservation 30 (1), pp.25-37. Land use Policy. in Olzinelles (Catalonia)." 5 the Heart at of Culture Placing Hangzhou Declaration: 2013. The UNESCO, Policies. Sustainable Development 6 11, April Accessed sustainable development. the for 2015. Culture UNESCO. 2021. https://en.unesco.org/themes/culture-sustainable-development. Culture of a place and people of a place Culture environmental enables few a perspectivesThese were of looking at linkages River Sarayu as part of Social-Ecological System ; a revered component of the component ; a revered System as part of Social-Ecological Sarayu River Landscape of Ayodhya Cultural Emerging trend -Private Heritage property owners are now opening up their property owners are Heritage -Private trend Emerging experience. the people to properties for sustainability at various levels: through the intrinsic links the intrinsic levels: through sustainability at various its influ- through between cultural diversity and biodiversity, its contribution patterns, and through ence on consumption practices using lo- management to sustainable environmental cal and traditional knowledge. between The heritage, heritage conservation and resilience. mate variability and subsequent extreme events of disasters of disasters events extreme and subsequent variability mate flood,like epidemics, etc., earthquakes, tsunami, droughts, - as cultural touch like an ‘anchor’– heritage can act where symbolicstones, as locales, connect and emotional as physical people who have beenfor houses, up- their from displaced events. by these extreme or affected their places rooted from - ap development culture-centric the emphasizes theory This design- Many sensitive cultural resilience. to improve proach in- frame traditional wisdom to towards back turning are ers water our times. Strategies for digenous modern solutions for on local centred crafts, rejuvenation conservation, economic housing, better planning inspired traditional settlement per- of traditional building types disasters– all during formance - these point resil of the theory of cultural to the relevance ience. IN MEMORIAM MAY 2021 MAY JOSEPH ALLEN STEIN AN ‘INDIAN’ ARCHITECT ASHOK LALL

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL India Habitat Centre by Stein (Photo courtesy : Ar. Meena Mani) MAY 2021 47 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS “Now, I believe very much in One World…I think we will think we will very in One World…I I believe much “Now, It may be this that the orientation and surmised from The first belief of Stein’s is in democracy and human to incorporate into context cultural a particular ethos of the Stein had of modernprinciples the universal architecture. duality: said of this language so a common have we will where a point to come yet within the frame But I still think that communicate. we can all - architec modern that of the logic integrity the I say, shall of, is not incompatible truth for this search develop, to tried ture - aware ecological and even the site for all with sensitivity at of culture.” nuances to ness, and sensitivity Cen- the International for of the design philosophy directive spokepath. It Nehruvian a transcending the of followed tre rather and history into modernity, constraints of tradition yet and tradition, from evolving processof a of thinking than the new modernityit sought to characterize with an infusion cultural inheritance. and syncretic of the ethos of a complex truthful position,For Stein this was a as an immigrant coming by the opportunitiesinspired and richness of India. He would the spirit of his time, but, perhaps sig- seek to express more his he would express personal beliefs and his inner nificantly, being his architecture. through is conceived as a pub- The India International Centre dignity. The edges of the campus seek lic building, open and inviting. integration with the Lodi which skirts it along one Garden from side. Equally it maintains openness the streets toward all entrances from providing is reached, which the Centre - liter like great beIt can architecture, that great said of the time cou- It was the optimistic internationalism India Habitat Centre by Stein (Photo courtesy : Ar. Habeeb Khan) Habeeb : Ar. courtesy (Photo Stein by Centre India Habitat ature, stays alive: it stays alive in that it continues to engage to engage it continues in that it stays alive alive: stays ature, – speaking generations of audience successive of of its origins, meanings as it accommodatesits shifting recalling its change, and qualities of its values readings and inviting fresh history, of is liv- I am thinking The architecture new present. the for of glory or architecture not the monumental ing architecture, be would con- of a kind which is Living architecture nostalgia. cul- into changing creatively, by users, tinually appropriated than beingtural contexts rather memory. as historic retained one such work– arguably the is Centre The India International of post-Independence of architecture most cherished work of its also the most accomplished creation New Delhi, as it is the India International Joseph Allen Stein. When architect– an it was occa- celebrating its fiftieth anniversary, was Centre embodied values core the on and work his in reflect to sion journey in India. of his architectural the historic significance a So, allow me the liberty and taking forward, of recalling, International Centre the India for piece that I had written issue in 2012! Quarterly’s commemorative opportunities and creative of a new- pled with the promise democratichad attracted Stein to ly-founded nation that faith in an open India. And it was the convergence of forum the exposition in different prevailing for of ‘cultural patterns of the Centre by the founders parts of the world’ expressed Stein’s architectural for which laid the conceptual foundation the universal principles of response. The task was to express particu- its with resonated that idiom an modernity through was the design challenge conversely, lar cultural context. Or, directions through the low stone walls and fences that mark chitecture in India. We saw the arrival of Modernism in India its periphery. The Memorial Plaza, commemorating Mahat- shortly after Independence as the seeds of a new philosophy

MAY 2021 MAY ma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, designed as a place of were being sown in Bombay, Calcutta and Delhi by returnees contemplation marked by a great tree, is offered to the pass- from the USA and Europe. Le Corbusier had been invited for er-by on the street. Stein always resisted the fortification of the Chandigarh project. Later Kahn was invited to design the institutions and it pained him greatly that social divisions and Indian Institute of Management (IIM) at Ahmedabad. They tensions were slowly turning against the city as a democratic came and they went, leaving a strong imprint on the culture space. At the India Habitat Centre, where public institutions of contemporary architecture in India. Their work was cele- and a conference centre are housed in a single complex, the brated globally as an extension of the discourse of Western same principle is extended to an urban scale. There is an open architecture. The works of Corbusier and Kahn in India, in my access for pedestrians through grand shaded courts – a ges- opinion, carry the mark of imposition – an application of a ture toward the democracy of public spaces of the city. The pre-formed language of form and aesthetic stylisation that redevelopment of the courts as tropical gardens, with the rele- tained its force through the drama it created in interpreting a gation of the motorcar to the basements, completes the for- new harsh and hot climate and the materials of concrete and mulation of an urbanism for Delhi. brick on the one hand and in giving a symbolic stature to the This signals Joseph Stein’s belief in the value of human new institutions of an emergent nation. contact with nature. The experience of the changing sky, of Laurie Baker and Joseph Stein, on the other hand, had the play of sun and shadow, of the cycle of seasons, of flora chosen to make India their home and the place for which to and fauna animating land and water as integral aspects of evolve their particular practices of architecture. Their practic- day-to-day life would make us better human beings. At the es, even as they were located at opposing ends of the spec- India international Centre, a continuum of informal gardens trum of service through architecture, had one thing in com- and courts is masterfully disposed, where the buildings sit mon. They were both emotionally engaged with their land lightly on the garden-scape, now beginning to enclose a space of choice. They learnt from its history and responded to its and then letting it flow through and beyond. voices in creative and sensitive ways. Theirs becomes an ar- Next, Stein sought the challenge of innovation in de- chitecture that belongs here - an architecture that, perhaps, ploying the available means of material and craft with imag- wanted to be woven into the fabric of local cultures. Or, to ination. The use of precast concrete elements to build the use another metaphor – theirs is a modern architecture that is dome over the auditorium, the floor spans over the curved rooted in the region of its practice. hostel block, the hexagonal dining room and lounge and the Finally, one should place Joseph Stein, historically, as rectangular building, all exploit the logic of geometry and an ‘Indian’ architect, alongside his well-known Indian con- structural economy produced with skilled craftsmanship. The temporaries – Balakrishna Doshi, Charles Correa, Achyut masonry of blue-grey Delhi quarzite stone achieves a subtle Kanvinde and Habib Rehman. Each of them have, in their 48 balance between an informality of randomly shaped natural own ways, been on the journey of a modern architecture that stone and ordering of scale and geometry. The patterning of is rooted in the region of its practice. innovative screens to soften the harsh summer sunlight recall Kanvinde, Rehman and Stein were friends and would the jaalis of Mughal buildings. And the play of open frames meet off and on informally in Delhi for family picnics. I have and rhythmic shells, deploying modern structural materials often wondered in what ways they may have influenced one and techniques, silhouetted against the sky create a roofscape another. There is a discernible affinity between the architec- reminiscent of chhatris. ture of Stein and Rehman, and Kanvinde’s is one step removed The exploration of constructional and structural from the two – a collective legacy from which important les- systems into spatial and aesthetic whole is seen in diverse sons can be gleaned. But that is another story. projects. One sees it in the roofing systems of many other institutional buildings and also industrial buildings. It is this integration of building systems, with a gradation of scale from the intimate scale of texture and pattern to the scale of volumes and spaces, that he sought to humanise the architecture – always looking for the ‘lighter and gentler’ line rather than a ‘bold and dramatic’ one. The overarching commitment, though, in Stein’s architecture has been to the aesthetic experience of beauty – a beauty that is gentle, graceful and lyrical. It is this subtle quality that makes the India International Centre particularly special. Indeed, it is this experience of beauty that prompts our Ar. Ashok B. Lall is a practicing architect based in individual engagement with and appropriation of the place, Delhi. His architectural practice is based on the and draws us to reinterpret its meaning and significance. The principles of environmental sustainability and social responsibility. Engaged in architectural ed- aesthetic composition of the gardens and buildings, from its ucation since 1990, he has developed curricula and broad structure down to every detail, not unlike a musical teaching methods to address environmental issues. raag, is disciplined by the nature of its bhava – a shringaar He has published many articles and presented papers on environmentally sustainable design and has bhava that might be experienced in the unfolding of spring. been an active member of institutions and groups This is what distinguishes Stein from his contemporaries and promoting awareness and building competence peers. in sustainable design of buildings. He is presently Design & Technology Chair at Kamla Raheja Vidy- We now have the benefit of some historical distance as anidhi Institute for Architecture (KRVIA), Mumbai. we take a glance back at the advent of Modernism in India His current interest is in developing strategies for to see where Joseph Stein resides in this recent history of ar- sustainable urban development in the context of

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL rapid urbanization. MAY 2021 49 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS

The corridor overlooking the courtyard below the courtyard overlooking corridor The

& PRAMOD JAISWAL DIVYA ETHIRAJAN ETHIRAJAN DIVYA SHANTI SADAN SHANTI DESIGN FEATURE DESIGN Nature begets spirituality and so most religious centres dal plan of the Durga temple at Aihole; the Buddhist caves are ensconced amidst nature. Shanti Sadan is a place for wor- at Ajanta and the typical Byzantine, Romanesque and Gothic

MAY 2021 MAY ship and for service. The spatial planning of this facility, the church plans. The two-storeyed linear mass on the northern materials used in the construction and the simple form that side has an RCC vault roof finished in China mosaic to reflect defines this building are all a reflection of the austere life of the summer heat. This not only creates a more heightened the nuns of this community. spatial experience as is suitable for religious buildings, but The site had a two-storeyed structure adjacent to an also keeps the interior cool with a high ceiling, and also allows existing hospice, which had become weak due to disrepair to accommodate the bunker beds in the dormitory. and age. It could no longer accommodate the current and Spatially, the double-storeyed linear mass is connected future needs of the congregation. Hence, the Sisters of St. in the rear to the single-storey programme in the foreground Ann, Luzern in Mysore invited us to design a new facility. Our through two small courtyards. These are the pause points in approach to this project was to understand the semiotics as- this small building and also allow cross ventilation. The lin- sociated with religious architecture and separate it from the earity of the vaulted roof is punctuated by the verticality of pervasive image of what architectural forms and shapes define two towers– a small one over the Chapel, more symbolic in a specific religion. nature and another in front of the vault roof which in fact is Programmatically, the building has two important an overhead water tank. The second tower was deliberately parts: The accommodation facility and the Chapel. The first given a certain mass to impart to it the significance of a typical part consisted of a dormitory, a few bedrooms, a classroom, church spire. an office, dining and kitchen facility are all clubbed together The entire southern façade has an apron of intricate in a linear arrangement over two floors, whereas the Chap- lacing of bricks. The brick screen shields the habitable spaces el has been detached from the main block and pulled out from the southern sun and affords a sublime visual experience into the greenery around. Metaphorically, this arrangement at the entrance. The brick screen wraps around the Chapel de- helped in detaching oneself from the worldly affairs while in fining the passage leading to the sacristy where the priests get the place of worship. ready before entering the Chapel. The entire construction is The aesthetics of the building drew its inspirations load-bearing, which helped in a significant saving on the cost from Buddhist caves at Ajanta with vaulted ceiling and apsi- of concrete and steel.

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL The courtyard forming the buffer between the Chapel and the rest MAY 2021 51 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Passage to the sacristy Passage to MAY 2021 MAY

The two towers punctuate the otherwise grounded

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL mass MAY 2021 53 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS graduated from R.V. R.V. from graduated Ethirajan Divya Ar. has Divya Bangalore. of Engineering, College in Ahmedabad Architects Arya with interned after her gradua- there working and continued Hands from with Hundred tion and thereafter 2010. 2006 to Bangalore from Jaiswal graduated Pramod Ar. trained He Bangalore. Technology, of Institute with Hundred worked and Giridhar under V.K. he worked where 2011 2005 to Hands from and projects on some of the award-winning projects. competition at Bangalore was founded in 2010 by Ar. Divya Ethirajan and Ethirajan Divya Ar. in 2010 by was founded Bangalore at Spaces Between in 2016 Award Designers Young won the IA&B have They Jaiswal. Pramod Ar. for 2015 Awards and Architecture category Design and NDTV the architecture 2015 Awards also won IIID Anchor studio interior The category. office interior as a their belief in architecture expresses work Their category. small office for through of these spaces making The spaces. a dialogue between conversation, and material proportion, spatial volume, scale, of orientation, simple strategies the forms spaces get these unique to of light and manipulation manipulations of their practice. core The Chapel and its landscaped and its landscaped Chapel Bottom: The jali screens; brick laced Left: Intricately mass two-storeyed the from detached courtyard, FEATURES MAY 2021 MAY

WHERE TO START FROM? UPLIFTING THE ARCHITECTURAL 54 PROFESSION: INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATA ENTRANCE EXAM AND THE QUALITY OF ARCHITECTS IN INDIA AR. MAUKTIK TRIVEDI JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 55 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS DESIGNERS? JOB PROFILE JOB SUMMARY OF THE SURVEY SUMMARY BETWEEN THE ARCHITECT AND OTHER AND BETWEEN THE ARCHITECT PUBLIC IS AWARE ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE ABOUT PUBLIC IS AWARE HOW MUCH PERCENTAGE OF THE GENERAL MUCH PERCENTAGE HOW METHODS OF UPLIFTING ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSION METHODS OF UPLIFTING ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSION Profession Of The Respondents The Of 1 Profession INTRODUCTION in India is expectedthe construction market By 2025, AIM for report recommendations The to offer unique aims METHODOLOGY The methodologyunderstand the involved a survey to Profession ▶ Architectural Education ▶ Architectural This is done by: 1 Conducting a survey data 2 Gathering relevant 3 Analysing data 4 Offering suggestions THE SURVEY CONDUCTING a google A survey was conducted by circulating form to emerge as the third largest globally. In this development development this In globally. largest the third as emerge to the At present, to play. a major role will have ideally architects - is not satis the construction industry in architects status of report the at obstacles investigate to This attempts factory. them. solutions to remove grass root level and provide in India by ana- profession architectural the upliftment of the grass rootlysing issues at the level. in India: state of following in the IIA and academicians professionals with architectural circles. WHO SHOULD TAKE THE LEAD FOR PUBLIC RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE AWARENESS ABOUT ARCHITECTURE? QUALITY OF FRESH GRADUATES MAY 2021 MAY

FINDINGS

FINDING 1 88% of the Architects not HOW MANY RESPONDENTS ARE AWARE ABOUT satisfied with the current role of THE VACANT SEATS IN ARCHITECTURAL COLLEGES? architects in the construction industry in India.

FINDING 2 84% of the architects are not satisfied with the quality of REASONS FOR VACANT SEATS IN ARCHITECTURE fresh graduates entering the ADMISSION profession. JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 57 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS A girl student pays INR 650 and a boy student, INR 1 Interpretation ▶ best in JEE paper-2,1300 for of two results while he/ the average of the two attempts she pays INR 3800 for in NATA student gets admission via JEE paper-2▶ Every 153rd student gets an admission via NATA ▶ Every 3rd In spite of having 44 times higher chance of getting an Disparity For Reasons 2 Probable colleges affiliated for ▶ Students do not wish to enrol with NATA. boys times for and six times for is three NATA ▶ Fees for girls in comparison to JEE paper-2. about entrance ▶ Inadequate awareness architectural and NATA. procedure one is the case, then it would beIf reason a serious - Architec of Council and institutes the for concern reasons two other the now, for that aside Keeping ture. and fees, point the issues of lack of awareness towards capable of solving if we act swiftly. which we are ARCHITECTURE ENTRANCE EXAMS ENTRANCE ARCHITECTURE - examina entrance of architectural A comparison admission and less difficulty level for admission to architec- to admission for level difficulty less and admission is a huge disparity between there the two examinations, ture, and JEE paper-2. students appear Four times more in NATA NATA. seats in fifteen times more JEE paper-2 are while there tions and other fields is as follows: tions and India. FINDING 3 FINDING 98% of the Architects see of the Architects 98% the architectural profession in profession the architectural awareness as a method to uplift to as a method awareness INTERPRETATION It can be the survey that most the findings of seen from 1 Public Awareness: about▶ Awareness field the and civil engineer ▶ Difference between an architect about▶ Information entrance examinations Education: 2 Improving update and ▶ Improve the curriculum faculty/industry experienced▶ Add and improve staff talented students into colleges ▶ Admit more Amendment Act: 3 The Architect’s this at present ▶ COA is working for 4 Government Initiatives: may ▶ Though there be possible solutions, the frater- or even expectnot wait should nity government to the profession. offer solutions to uplift the These methods can be acted upon almost immediately. - not satisfied with the status of archi of the respondents are could there be to uplift the profession, tects in India. In order ways: the following poollarger is a ex- the If there for who apply candidates of competitionaminations, due to more better students will get students apply- due to fewer admitted to colleges. Currently colleges, which vacant seats in several are there NATA, ing for gets admission. Our means that anyone who qualifies in NATA admission in goal should be students desire that more such architecture. 1 Interpretation COMPARING WITH OTHER PROFESSIONS Other professional fields have a higher students-to-

MAY 2021 MAY seats ratio which ensures that the best enter the field. Ratio of students appearing to seats available: Because of a lower student-to-seat ratio in NATA, the filtering process is weak. In addition, even if there are 3.5 students competing for a single seat, there are vacant seats left in several colleges. This points towards students taking up other fields of study because they are not satisfied with the place- NEET FOR MBBS ments or they are selecting different courses. If there are more people competing for a seat:

▶ The architecture field will get the brightest students. ▶ There will be less or no vacant seats in architectural colleges.

JOINING THE DOTS

CA FINAL FOR CA

Opportunities in the field, along with adequate institutions in all corners of the country, with already willing NATA FOR B.ARCH students, should result in full admissions, but in the past few years there have been several vacant seats in institutes.

WHY NO ONE PROMOTES NATA The first step to correct this is to promote NATA. At present there is no one seriously promoting NATA or are doing so ineffectively. Following are some of the probable reasons:

1 Council of Architecture COA deals with architectural education and the profession. All of these interventions come into play after a student takes admission.

2 Government Bodies The government will not put in special efforts to promote one particular field unless there is a special need for them. JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 59 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS The progress on this can on this can after students reviewed be The progress HOW TO PROMOTE NATA? PROMOTE TO HOW should content following in keeping generated be The be covered: to Topics better than other courses? ▶ Why is architecture ▶ Opportunities women in architecture for joining architecture ▶ Reasons for after joining architecture options ▶ Career and JEE paper-2 ▶ Difference between NATA SHOULD IMPLEMENT THIS? WHO have applied for NATA 2020. NATA have applied for mind the target audience, i.e., the students passing 12th and the students passing target audience, i.e., mind the in the field interest should create The content their parents. of architecture. Another awareness campaign that should beginAnother awareness subse- the COA can also of NATA, Adding to the awareness Indian Institute of Architects Institute 3 Indian the architectural in promoting role a major IIA plays Institutes Architectural Individual NATA. need to promote institutes don't ▶ Well-reputed bewould public institutes: scep- reputed less or New ▶ tical of their announcements. have several other courses. ▶ Also, some institutes focus alone at an not Their would be on architecture administrative level. Classes Coaching NATA for their except personal bene- NATA They do promote Architects Individual - that they can achieve little single-hand feel Architects must formed that deals a new structure be Therefore, DO? TO WHAT Awareness about Awareness and the entrance the field, the course quently is to make the public aware about is to make the public aware quently the difference be- and an engineer. tween an architect as more NATA, for fees the registration to reduce take measures students taking the test would generate the same amount of COA. the for revenue profession both but not before and in education, in practice profession process.the admission public doesfit, due to which the them. not trust towards work to them for incentive no is there that and edly, students at whom they look com- attracting more at as future petitors. at the and NATA about awareness architecture with providing right levels. have the following will Awareness examination is required. benefits: SUMMARY

MAY 2021 MAY Where to Start from? Our goal should be to spread awareness about architecture and the NATA entrance exam among young students and their parents. In order to do this, our efforts should start before a student attempts the entrance exam. This report aims at highlighting the importance of bringing about awareness regarding the architectural entrance exam, NATA. This has been an overlooked issue and which can have a significant impact on the field. Several students appear for JEE paper-2 without any strong intention to pursue architecture even if the chances of admission are low. Shouldn’t NATA also be more welcoming so that it invites maximum students even if they appear just for the sake of it? NATA examination should be made barrier-free in terms of its fees and schedule, according to the academic year, in order to welcome more students. This will enable us to increase our filtering process and ensure capable students enter the field. This, along with improving the curriculum and adding and upgrading faculty (which is already being done continually by the institutes and the COA) will give more aware and enthusiastic fresh graduates. There are several other non- a r c h i t e c t u r a l fields whose graduates work and call themselves ‘architects’. If these people would have known the existence of the field beforehand, they might have taken admission to it. Lack of awareness about the field and less rural-friendly format of our entrance exams produces architect vacuums in the Rural Centres. The students from these areas with better hands-on experience could lead the development in the construction field as architects. They could also play a role in 60 uplifting rural craftsmanship. If we do not succeed in getting local architects for rural India, we might be forced to have compulsory village internships for architecture graduates similar to what MBBS graduates have. The architecture field in general will benefit a great deal due to the talents of these architects. Such interventions will gradually pave the way for an improved role of architects in the construction industry. Thus, it becomes the collective responsibility of individuals as well as the professional bodies (COA and IIA) as well as institutions to bring about awareness about the field and about the entrance exam NATA.

Ar. Mauktik Trivedi has worked towards awareness and development of the architectural profession in the region as the Chairman of IIA-Saurashtra Centre for four terms. An ardent thinker and a doer, he works in unex- plored niches. He has orchestrated the design, execution and funding of a police control centre and has also led several proposals to the city council for development of the city. JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL

MAY 2021 61 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS

SANJAY MOHE SANJAY CONNECTING THE DOTS THE CONNECTING BOOK REVIEW BOOK Connecting the Dots is an apt expression of a process via his journey through a successful architecture practice, has that highlights how architectural design ideas are shaped. emphasized the need of sketching in understanding the pro-

MAY 2021 MAY These are initiated with a dot, then become a line and even- cesses of architecture through the application of dots, lines, tually comprise a palette of design decisions that makes ar- connections and their strengths beyond just the mechanical chitects think, calm down and relax, all the while moving to- quality in creations of architecture. wards forming patterns that lead to a thoughtful picture. The book reflects the significance of sketching in the evolution of designs in architecture which are seen in the author’s signature inked visuals which introspect the windfall change in the profession with the advent of software applications revolutionising the way an architect approaches a design problem. Multi-dimensional sketches had been an integral part of Ar. Mohe’s training at Sir J. J. College of Architecture. His works have even been displayed at Saudi Arabia during his work experience there. These emphasize the need of a child- like sketching ability by every young architect in order for a better architecture, than just drawing a good sketch. He continues to express that through sketching, the quality of am- biguity and incompleteness allows an architect to imagine, ideate and generate thoughts. Just like hand-eye coordination in cricket, sketches need hand-mind coordination. Each and every sketch which moves from a dot to a line, connects a story supplemented with personal memories across spaces by Mohe who makes it a point to mention technical accuracy, the correct perspective and proportion that relates the scale of a human being to the space around. The book narrates the challenges of technology amidst the emerging digital era and also expresses concern about losing track of scale of our design ideas in architecture and while planning. Sketching through the animated medium of an iPad also features in the newer process of connecting the lines 62 via dots in architecture as part of the contemporary processes of design formulation. Mohe has effectively made several attempts in striking a balance between traditional sketching and trendy technology-based mediums in architecture dominated by software. Architectural education and its educators need to have a close look at the creatively sketched collection of this book, that will not only facilitate academics in architecture but also contribute in a way to shape architects’ design ideas in practice through his stories connecting dots and lines.

This is why you must read this book with your body and not just your eyes. Do not just look at Sanjay Mohe’s sketches, go beyond their ap- The Book is available at: pearance and you feel within you the process by which they have come Page 3 Book Shop, Bangalore into being. Use these drawings to inhabit the bodies of musicians and Contact Person: Vinay Sachdeva fakirs, and know what life would be as another kind of being. Then +91 9886130211 you will do justice to the drawings in the book, connecting with the [email protected] sense of purpose that make Mohe draw, siphoning the memory of being in the world into your muscles, conversing with the universe, Ar. Sanjay Mohe, alumni of Sir J.J. College of Ar- exploring its delight with your fingertips. These are the embodied con- chitecture, Mumbai, is the Founding Partner of the nections you need to free your body from the rigidity of conformance sixteen-year Bengaluru-based Mindspace. His work and habit, so that you may dance towards your potential. You may straddles a wide spectrum and has many awards to his credit including JK Cement Great Master Award (2019). never draw as well as Sanjay Mohe, you may never draw at all. But if He is a very popular speaker at architectural forums. Ar. you can make the sketches in this book resonate within your body, you Mohe loves to sketch and is most relaxed when he has a are heading in the right direction. pencil in hand, scribbling unintentional doodles which ar. prem chandavarkar take interesting forms. He believes this hand-mind coordination contributes to his architecture.

The flow of time between the series of hand-drawn vi- Ar. Manguesh R. Prabhugaonker has a Masters in sual sketches and the contemporary technology-based digital Landscape Architecture from SPA, New Delhi and is a walk-through era has been an important lesson in this book Fellow of IIA, ISOLA and an Associate member of IIID. that reflects the relationship between the state of mind and He is a National Council Member of the Indian institute of Architects. the imaginary space bubble that we carry during a design process, with the simplicity of Mahatma Gandhi. Sanjay Mohe, JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL

MAY 2021 63 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS

AR. K. SENTHIL KUMAR SENTHIL K. AR. APPROACH INTEGRATED INTEGRATED COMPASSIONATE, COMPASSIONATE, DESIGN – ADESIGN AND LANDSCAPE OSR PLANNINGOSR FEATURES INTRODUCTION bicycle paths and visual continuity of the greens are some of the advantages of linking open spaces. An example of this is

MAY 2021 MAY Open Space Reservations (OSR) in large scale resi- seen in Figure 1. dential planning is seldom integrated with the landscape and open spaces during the planning. Instead, OSR lands are left out as rather isolated parcels of land to satisfy the man- datory requirement of the planning authorities. This article deals with how to comprehensively integrate OSR land with the open spaces and landscape design in residential developments above 3000 sq. m. area in urban places.

OSR GUIDELINES

OSR regulations may slightly vary from state to state, but the underlying principles are the same. Taking into account Tamil Nadu, the reservation of land for community and recreational purposes such as parks or playgrounds are as given below, at ground level in a shape and location abutting a Mostly, the central designed open space or spaces at public road as specified by the competent authority. the ground level or podium level are dominated by hard land- For the first 3000 sq. m. it is nil. For land between 3000 scape. In order to have a rich quality of outdoor space, car- to 10,000 sq. m., 10 % of the area excluding roads or in the pet lawns are preferred, which require good sunlight. Also, to alternative, the guideline value of the equivalent land shall be have a good aerial view of the central landscaped space from paid (excluding the first 3000 sq. m.) as per the valuation of the surrounding dwelling units, dense trees are avoided and the registration department. No such area reserved shall mea- ornamental shrubs and low height trees preferred. This also sure less than 100 sq. m., with a minimum dimension of 10 helps to accommodate various requirements to attract buy- m. Such areas are to be reserved shall not be more than two ers: children’s play area, gazebos, pergolas, amphitheatres, parcels. The space so reserved shall be transferred to the local water cascades, senior citizen courts, kids’ play area, yoga body, free of cost, through a registered deed. In cases of resi- courts, basketball hoops, multi-purpose courts, cricket prac- dential developments, the local body concerned may permit tice nets, etc., are designed, and so the green area becomes the residents’ association for maintaining such reserved space limited. If the OSR is linked to this open space, lot of native as a park or playground. For land above 10,000 sq. m., 10 % trees shall be planted which are beneficial to health, as shown of the area excluding road with the dimension in the ratio 1:5, in Figure 2. 64 and such area to be reserved shall not be less than 500 sq. m. This space shall be transferred to the local body designated by it, free of cost, through a gift deed. Public parking lots may be permitted in basement below OSR. The gifting of the reservation of land for community recreational purposes in respect of institutional developments and industrial developments to the local body is not required. However, the space may be maintained by the owner concerned, subject to the supervision and monitoring of the concerned local body.

PRESENT PLANNING OF OSR SPACES

Predominantly architects and designers cut off the Medicinal shrubs and herbs which can be very handy 10% of the OSR land from the total site area for meeting the during the pandemic can be grown. A dense forest can be cre- statutory regulations and plan the residential blocks with the ated which acts as an oxygen generator and purifies polluted landscape spaces separately, which has no connection with air by absorbing carbon dioxide. The variety of trees in OSR OSR. Generally, OSR is given in one of the corners of the site enhance biodiversity, while the dense plantation also acts as a abutting the main road. The buildings and the open landscape buffer from air and noise pollution from the main roads. Nat- space between them also have no relationship with the OSR. ural walking trails can be designed within them. Maximum rainwater can be allowed as surface flow on the greens and ADVANTAGES OF OPEN SPACE LINKAGES IN LAND- taken to the percolation ponds in the OSR thereby enhanc- SCAPE ing groundwater recharge. The list is endless and advantages are plenty. We leave it to the creativity of the designers. (See Past experience says it is always better to have a sin- Figure 3). gle large open space rather than small parcels. Open space linkages have many advantages: continuous breeze move- Captions for Images in order of appearance- Figure 1:Landscape Architect: STX ment, birds and butterflies prefer long uninterrupted open Landscape Architects. Project Name: Duchess Residence. Location: Singapore spaces for flying, maximum surface water flow from rains and (Source: MOOOOL); Figure 2:Landscape Architect: SHMA Company Limited. Project Name: Lupin Research Park. Location: Pune, India (Source: MOOOOL). increased percolation of water resulting in groundwater re- Figure 3:Landscape Architect: Redland-scape. Ltd. Project Name: Elio Del charge, percolation ponds at various intervals, increased bio- Nest. Location: Thailand (Source: MOOOOL). Figure 4:OSR as a separate parcel diversity, long continuous walking trails, jogging tracks, long of land. Figure 5:OSR in the centre. Figure 6:OSR along the diagonal corner.

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL Figure 7:OSR along one corner. MAY 2021 65 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS graduated from School School from graduated Kumar K. Senthil Ar. Anna and Planning (SAP), of Architecture his Masters in 1989 and completed University in 1991. He New Delhi SPA, in Landscape from Nadu TN of IIA-Tamil has been Past Chairman ISOLA of Tamil and Past Chairman, Chapter He has also Chapter. Nadu and Pondicherry - Asso Alumni of the SAP served as President He is the Principal University. Anna ciation, - hav & Associates, Kumar of Senthil Architect public and notable award-winning ing many their credit. to projects If a separation is required—for safety, security, con- security, safety, If a separation is required—for CONCLUSION should consider the OSR as an integral part Architects trolled access and to define the ownership access trolled boundary—it can and shrubs or by be using hedges planned as a live fencing trailing creepers low height polymer be on mesh fencing - tween the OSR and the landscaped open space allowing visu- When al continuity while merging the open spaces seamlessly. betweenis inevitable a driveway landscapedthe OSR and the open space, it can be designed with heavy-duty interlocking linkage. extending the green grass grids thereby of their design and link it compassionately with the landscape and open large open layout and create spaces in the spaces which contributes immensely to the local places and also at the city level. Large continuous open spaces abutting the streetscape and add to the green a visual delight are streets adding value to the urban design and the environment. Alternatively, OSR can be designed in one corner of Alternatively, Another option is to plan the OSR in one corner of the INTEGRATING OSR IN DESIGN INTEGRATING the OSR in one corner of the site, Instead of having the site abutting the road and the diagonal axis can bethe site abutting the road extended and the design of open spaces can be planned along by building blocks 6). the axis and surrounded (see Figure roads on This is especiallyfor corner sites with advantageous two sides. opendesigned central the with it and link site landscape sur- by building blocks 7). rounded (see figure while planning, it can bewhile planning, it middle of the site designed in the Further 4. Figure in seen as road, main the abutting frontage it can be linked to the central designed landscape surrounded by the building blocks it. This gives a contin- planned around uous open space. DESIGN FEATURE MAY 2021 MAY

GREEN CASCADE COLLAGE ARCHITECTURE

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL STUDIO MAY 2021 67 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS The unique challenge presented to us in this project project this in us to presented challenge unique The the building, he is greeted As the visitor encounters the orientation The two intersecting planes that dictate the with ways, pool is oriented three building The po- Cascade finally able to achieve in Green What we were The project was marketed to upscale customers and was to and was customers to upscale marketed was project The be a comfortable, equipped for necessary the amenities with all as the was visualized The clubhouse cosmopolitan lifestyle. designed to an activity complex of the layout, nerve centre indoorwith and Well-appointed beproject. the of focus the outdoor sports a multipurpose it also houses facilities, hall, and a poolside gymnasium fully functional with breathtaking views all around. was the specific location, size and usability of the plot. Faced - of zoning various activities in a triangu with the decision lar-shaped that we wanted to use always clear plot, we were interactive facade an interesting, creating the longer face for subterfuge to the unusually shapedthat would serve as a building. volumes interspersedfirst with large, exaggerated with voids extrusion is a calculated design element and colours. Every windows, a aspect–glass large a functional with some are a badminton height space for landing and a double staircase court. Each aspect burst of colour. emphasized with a warm a dramatic visual creating by the site itself, determined were of use appeal. softened with the subtly All sharp corners are cubes the frames and voids, drawing the eye of the user towards which a glimpse of the sky or landscapethrough is visible. the shorter end, facilitating beautifulsitioned towards frames of the building it. The treatment and towards and views from tex- and Colours palette. material limited with a minimal is provide spaces, to also used to define and segregate are tures plane. the visual monotony of each and to break interest which centre activity yet aesthetic a multi-functional was a stark dissim- creating stands out as a landmark. Contrary to it enhances and influences the at- ilarity to the surroundings, it. around and architecture mosphere Fact File Fact Commercial ▶ Type Project Bangalore ▶ Avalahalli, Location ft ▶ 10,600 sq Area Site ft ▶ 9,200 sq Built-up Area - to curate de Studio endeavours Collage Architecture their in material living tangible crucial a is Light building typologies ranging from of projects Varied was conceptualized as any other plot- Cascade Green Intricately laced brick jali screens brick laced Left page: Intricately - an in create with the un-built, to the built signs to suffuse teraction between Integrating its users and the surroundings. con- the visual as well as the physical split levels to enhance layers bridges connecting these staggered nect whilst having This not only philosophy. an integral part of their design form but levels, of spaces at different helps achieve a succession strategic placement of volumes to The also maintains privacy. functions while articulating the various interior differentiate the built to scale envelopea relatable exterior the provides cubes Projecting and volumes, dou- interest. and creates form - balconies, flourish sprawling cantilevered ble-height spaces, design interven- some of the with skylights are ing courtyards the spatial experience. towards tions which contribute in- an This creates day. the throughout alters that structures of shadows. Exposed, play materials—brick, teresting bare wood—meldingconcrete, whites and greys with the versatile is an- the material palette. Water with splashes of colours form other important element of design. im- housing tell of a strong to group commercial residential, The exist- in the built vocabulary. pact of context and culture of these sites governs the emerging design in each ing foliage The strategic placement of walls and zoning of the built form. users. and frame views and unravel a path for zones creates interspersed voids, versus volumes of play The colours with add to the overall experience. near Avalahalli off Sarjapur Road in Bangalore.ted layout project MAY 2021 MAY

View of entrance

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL View of the Green Cascade building MAY 2021 69 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS - Collage Architecture Studio Architecture Collage Ar. Valvatkar, Swapnil Ar. In 2008, the trio founded Suvarna Adwitha and Ar. Arunkumar - multidisciplinary architec a young Collage, ideas without limits and explore tural firm to the Over without boundaries. spaces create a wide the studio has expanded over years, residential ranging from spectrum of projects of the scale of the mass housing. Regardless to - at detailing an underlying for an eye projects, a design vocabulary—minimal create to tempt istic yet contemporary and context responsive, and context contemporary istic yet modern and timeless—is nurtured. simple yet good design ‘a in the ideology, believe They add but to is nothing more is not when there away.’ is nothing left take when there to Section Ground floor plan Ground PHOTO ESSAY MAY 2021 MAY THROUGH THE LENS OF AN ARCHITECT AR. GAURAV BHATNAGAR

After completing his Bachelor in Architecture from Bottom The Jaigarh Fort MNIT, Jaipur in 1997, and having worked under sev- sits overlooking the Aravalli eral architectural firms, Gaurav Bhatnagar finally hills quietly conserving settled into his own practice with Megha Bhatnagar nature and wildlife that is in 1998 in Jaipur. During their formative years of abundant in the preserved practice, they both worked passionately in various native forests on its hills. design and architectural projects and have, since then, won many regional and national awards. Right The jali was not mere- Gaurav’s keen interest in nature and na- ly an aesthetic element. It ture photography, which started as a serious hobby, provided shade, ventilation made a huge impact on him. It gave him a sense of and privacy. It was ideally ecology and environment and thereby a very differ- suited to the ‘zenana’ por- ent perspective on architecture, design and land- tions of palaces and forts. scape. He has, since then, designed several ecologi- cally friendly and sustainable projects.

70 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 71 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS MAY 2021 MAY

72 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 73 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Nahargarh Baori: Left Baori: Nahargarh well or stepped This just than more is ‘baori’ solution a pragmatic It harvestto rainwater. - us of the fore reminds and ingenuity sight, aesthetic the supreme of our forefathers. 2020. Fort, Nahargarh MAY 2021 MAY

74 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 75 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Jodhpur by night: Jodhpur by Left Page Top of the Meh- A ‘jharokha’ looks down on rangarh Fort dusk with the at Jodhpur city monsoons looming over. in ruins: A Haveli Bottom disused and vandalized old in Balaran, Shekhawati, haveli and Rajasthan, lies shattered of its with fragments broken past. glorious The vantage: Page The This majestic Mehrangarh Fort of Jodh- the city over watches with the pur getting drenched monsoon rains. MAY 2021 MAY SKETCHES AR. NITIN M. GHULE

76 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 77 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Arches, Mandu Arches, Left: Top: Jazz musicians; MAY 2021 MAY

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL Top: Somewhere in Kolkata; Bottom: The BRTS, Indore; Right: The Rajwada, Indore MAY 2021 79 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS MAY 2021 MAY

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL Both pages: Imaginary urbanscape MAY 2021 81 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Ar. Nitin M. Ghule graduated with honours from with honours from Nitin M. Ghule graduated Ar. Raipur (1995). College, Engineering Government (India) Pvt. Design with Spacon works He currently with practising architecture Along Indore. Ltd., in active design, he has been keenly and interior the fields of art and music, and been a founder to He loves band VOID. member of the architects’ and pottery culture through architecture, express and acrylic colours water, as pencil, mediums such photography. TRAVELOGUE MAY 2021 MAY

ISTANBUL MEENA MANI

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL Inside the blue Mosque MAY 2021 83 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Every city has a historical market, or markets, where you where Every city has a historical market, or markets, The Spice Market or Mısır Çarşısı or ‘Egypt Bazaar’, is It was spring time and Istanbul was abloom with flow- Cicek Pasaji, off the Istiklal Cadessi Cicek ly leading to the sanctum sanctorum showed the underlying ly leading to the sanctum sanctorum with the temporal.identity of the sacred get a flavour of local Grand Bazaar or Kapalıçarşı, The culture. Market’ of Istanbul is one of the grandest and or ‘Covered markets of the covered definitely the largest and oldest, streets, arcaded world. It is a maze of over sixty criss-crossing with thousands by a fountain, distinguished some crossings of shops, many only cupboard-sized and amenities such as banks and a policeprayer rooms, restaurants, a hammam, sta- named after their original functions. For are tion. The streets sellers of aynas for example, Aynacilar Sokak was the street carpets, Everything from jewellery and lamps to or mirrors. This is no ceramics, perfume sold here. bath scrubs are and providing but a tourist centre of commerce longer the centre in the Ottoman era. On this last trip to Istanbul, I a taste of life noticed a shift in the attitude of shopkeepers. rath- They were Indians? Or towards this directed and rude. Was er arrogant general cultural shift? was it a more modest market of relatively size. It is till to- another covered spice trade, engaging all your senses with for centre the day, colourful goods, of spices, herbal teas, sweets, dry the aroma fruit and soaps, the noise of hawking and haggling, and the of fabrics, jewellery and souvenirs. feel festival was on with tulips filling the plaza in ers. The tulip palace of the Topkapi of the Ayasofya, the courtyards front a recreated literally had They gardens. the surrounding and carpet design with blooming cho- plants in carefully Turkish Turkey colours. The tulip is the national flower of reographed with the tulip motif being one of the most popular motifs 'Cannon Gate I first visited Istanbul in 2005. Chance and choice have choice and 2005. Chance in visited Istanbul I first white washed of Jesus and Mary, Some of the mosaics dubbedso Mosque, Blue the or Camii Ahmet Sultan has been in years change over the Another the increase Topkapı Sarayı or Topkapı Palace or The Palace' which was built in an Ottoman baroque style as the and administrative headquarters of the Ot- main residence toman Sultans, is today a museum. The palace buildings are starting with the courtyards main a series of four built around leading to the second ‘public’ park and parade ground, more park having the imperial park council, mint, etc. The third audience is the heart of the palace with the privy chamber, positioned Fi- it. library and harem around treasury, chamber, with the exquisite- courtyard walked into the fourth we nally, ly decorated private sanctuary of the sultan. The circumcision by surrounded room is also located All the buildings are here. and the buildings them- with many fountains lush gardens, selves lavishly adorned with hand painted tiles, mosaics, mar- The comparison to the serial screens. and filigreed ble arches sequencing of spaces with the traditional Indian temple final- taken me back there three more times. The last visit before the visit The last times. more before three there me back taken doesn’t with my sister who hit the world, was pandemic like to there landed we So, tourists. by taken paths regular the follow first visit It was her itinerary. determined previously without a the must-visit tick off some of so we did have to to the city - of di ‘church or Ayasofya, Hagia Sophia, iconic landmarks. heritage the most significant is undoubtedly vine wisdom’ con- built originally as a cathedral, later monument. It was since 2020, then a museum and now, verted to a mosque, sixth a mosque. When it was built in the converted again to held cathedral in the world, a title it century it was the largest about and interior the of scale sheer The years. thousand a for On this visit we truly awe-inspiring. are the exquisite details experiencesadly could not fully of the space the grandeur restoration for by scaffolding erected which was obstructed peeling,work: the plaster was the flooring cracking and the deteriorating. structure period,Ottoman during the cleaned later plastered and were to be seen side by side with huge calligraphic and restored plaques and other Islamic symbols. Now that it is designated these artistic mar- a mosque again, I wonder what fate awaits of the dome had vels. The original mosaics on the underside been with Koranic inscriptions. Being there, already covered architects that while designing any structure, one realized should be- alert and incorporate re-imagin future scope for In India of the present ings of the built and interstitial spaces. seeing schools, time, we are lots, places of worship, parking almost overnight and many other spaces being transformed ensure adaptability and Versatility times. the of exigencies by and aesthetic. relevant buildings remain because its interior is richly decorated with hand-painted near the Ayasofya, is blue tiles and stained glass, situated minarets. six has that world the in mosque only the probably has beenOver the years that I have visited it there a discern- re- an open, to a more ible shift from atmosphere welcoming religious purely for strictive one, with time slots designated being and the obviously non-Islamic tourists herded activity, the mosque. rather rudely into separate zones within the number calling the faithful and volume of the muezzins sound system has been It's almost like a surround to prayer. The competitiveinstalled in the Sultanahmet Square. decibel a ca- created level combined with uncoordinated recitation of causing of- fear One cannot plug one’s ears for cophony. fence! MAY 2021 MAY

Entrance to the Hagia Sophia

adorning mosques and palaces, ornaments, clothes, ceramics area, the heart of both the tourist and heritage centre of the and painting. Few remember that the famous Dutch tulips city, was on a street that came alive in the evening and was were first imported from Turkey. abuzz till the wee hours of the morning, so much so that we Another flower that Turkey has a special relation- had to shut our window to get any sleep. We had assumed all ship with is the pink and mauve flowering erguvan tree, also of Istanbul would be the same. known as Judas Tree. Erguvan festivals have been celebrated One morning we set out with a plan to take the funicu- since the fifteenth century and the pink and mauve petals lar from near the Galata Bridge up the Tunnel, the second old- have added colour and flavour to salads. Bosphorous Tours est subway in the world, to Istiklal Caddesi or Independence take you to spots on the river to view the blossoming ergu- Avenue. The intent was to explore Istiklal Caddesi and its side van on the banks. The art department of the university had streets, built in varied architectural styles in the late Otto- on show competition entries of art works on the theme of the man era. Many significant institutions, synagogues, mosques, erguvan done in exquisite ebru or marbling– a traditional art churches and consulates are located there. The Cicek Pasaji or form with oil and water colours, textiles and other media. Flower Passage, a covered passage lined with shops, taverns We interspersed our historic sightseeing with a lot of and restaurants, as well as Balik Pazari, the fish market are lo- people-watching and exploring the streets of Istanbul with- cated here. The funicular was closed so we walked up a steep out an itinerary, a map, GPS or any homework done. One af- road to the Galata Tower. Along the way shutters, adorned ternoon we found ourselves on a crowded street, somewhere with graffiti, were down but we didn’t think anything of it as behind the Grand Bazaar that turned out to be a wholesale it was still fairly early morning. At the tower we found the way market for bridal wear where shoppers come from around Eu- to Istiklal Caddesi barricaded and manned by police to make rope looking for bargains. It was very much like many parts sure no one got past. We learnt it was May Day and political of Indian cities, teeming with shoppers. The last thing on our protests were planned in Taksim Square at the further end of agenda was to shop but we found ourselves in a busy market Istiklal Caddesi. That was sad. I would have liked my sister to so ended up buying, what else, Turkish towels! have seen Istiklal Avenue. Just as we were getting hungry and looking for a place So back we went across the Galata Bridge to Eminonu to eat, we found shutters coming down and within what felt wondering what to do next. We looked at the ferries going like five minutes the streets were deserted. It was still day- back and forth and then at each other and a bulb flashed in light and we were caught totally by surprise and left totally our heads. We grabbed a quick bite at one of the floating spooked. Our hotel near the two mosques in Sultanahmet kitchen eateries and in no time at all we found ourselves on JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 85 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS was associated with Joseph with Joseph Meena Mani was associated Ar. in partnership with and worked Stein Allen Her projects Chowfla. him and Anuraag IIM Kozhikode, Centre, India Habitat include Delhi Rajasthan and three at Sagar School these the Jaipur DPS was Out Public Schools. Her work Khan Award. the Aga for nominated material, has been mindful of local climate, and integrated human scale, nature context, - sev at She has taught technology. with latest in architectural featured eral design schools, of books and journals and been on the juries and competitions. awards several We had no idea where Ayrilik Cesmesi was with respect had no idea where We The East face of the Hagia Sophia face East The acoustics. Other have great station. Subways the interchange the station was de- playing the guitar, than a lone musician for the day. tooserted. The metro was shut now inland without any familiar were to our destination. We cars in sight. no taxis, buses or were landmark visible. There a bend rounded and our spirits started walking blindly, We and a young couple from lifted when we saw a cluster of taxis to negotiate a ride Holland in the same situation as us trying finally coaxing we were to Galata. After a lot of pleading and other- would we Istanbul of parts banal through way, our on the river Bosphorus, back to fa- wise not have visited, across The driver speeded, swerved and honked the miliar territory. and had the young lady way auto and cab drivers in India do I had to Europe cling to her companion in sheer terror. from pull out every last note and coin of local to pay for currency made it relief to but the back safe be fare, inflated the greatly worth every lira. A 20-minute ride later, we had travelled from Europe from we had travelled ride later, A 20-minute stunned to dis- terminal and were the ferry reached We Tulips abloom in one of the gardens of the Topkapi Palace of the Topkapi abloom in one of the gardens Tulips into Asia. The waterfront at the ferry terminus is a large public is a large public ferry terminus the at The waterfront into Asia. is the vibrant, walk away, a short the road, across plaza and of the build- Kadikoy market. The vivid colours open-to-sky, competeings goodsthe of colours the with qual- The sale. on produce– fruits, vegetables, sea foodity and variety of fresh know so many types I did not and spices was mind-boggling. that peopleof olives existed. Or of the exotic look ate some - with sinful desserts aplenty cafes were There we saw. ing fish sharing and tastes on offer, on the sights feasted and cakes. We variety! Gradually we could sample more each dish so that we way the on stopping terminal ferry the to way back our made from mouth, a parkour performer leaping to watch, heart in unmindful of the traffic movingone wall to the other below musicians stoppedwe Next, him. street of series a to listen to spendingon the waterfront time with a pair of the longest South American boys on their flutes and panpipes. They had of the plumage of birds the most eye-catching costumes like It had beenparadise. an afternoon well spent time to and head back to Eminonu and our hotel. it because it was Was the day. cover the service was closed for - could see the Topka been We May Day? Had there trouble? the water, our hotel, across pi Palace, walking distance from was learned there about We but we were km away by road. 25 instructions where connection to Sultanahmet, got a metro melodiousto change lines and we set off. The gui- sound of a Cesmesi, the tunnel at Ayrilik us through tar wafted towards a ferry headed to Kadikoy on the Asian side of Istanbul. The The side of Istanbul. the Asian on to Kadikoy headed a ferry and Bosphorous of the at the junction water ultramarine deep foodfor flying low looking Marmara, the seagulls the Sea of was a as a backdrop of historic Istanbul view and the receding in my memory. etched beautiful forever site POEM MAY 2021 MAY

AN ODE TO BY DR. S. BRINTHA LAKSHMI DADABHAI NAOROJI (D.N.) HALL THE MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIVERSITY

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF BARODA MAY 2021 87 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS The bevy of brick arches on your façade make you as light as filigree, façade make you as light The on your brick arches bevy of reflect scale, and a little ornamentation with their intimate pedigree, The arches will agree, every user I am sure hold the eye endlessly like a musical soiree. arches The moving lines of the Your entrance is prominent but you greet with simplicity, with but you greet is prominent Your entrance of your personality, feature out of every Your simplicity flows or your domes, your passages, your roof, Be it your façade, at home. at ease, and You make everyone feel You stand with grace and dignity, with grace You stand intensity, profound one and all with Embracing propensity, great you in my heart with I have etched warmth and tranquillity. For you exude MAY 2021 MAY

Your arches connect the inside and the outside, An interesting passage on the inside, and an expanse of space with trees on the outside, The passage is in itself an experience for one to cherish, The smooth surfaces of the arches, the shadow pattern of the arched openings cast by the moving sun, embellish.

The instant action of stretching the hand outside to feel the rain in the palm, and the spray on the face is a relish, The spontaneous move to pull a chair, and sit in the warmth of the sun in winter to read a book is no fetish, The opening of the arches framing a glimpse of the trees on the outside are not garish, The jack-arch ceiling creating a wavy texture to mesmerize the eye is another embellish.

The walls of the rooms with their doors and windows, the proportions, solids and voids, textures and surfaces are in unison, All blending together to create a variety of experiences through the day, and the season, The passage is always alive and kicking, dancing in every season.

The courtyard is your heart, a space very warm and calm, You draw people inwards within themselves like a balm, Away from the outer world but upwards to the celestial sphere, A wooden balcony that lightens the inner sphere, The exposed brickwork that warms the inner sphere, The slender wooden columns, the low hanging roof that are not severe, All create a discreet presence to complement the serenity of the celestial sphere. JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 89 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS is a retired Associate Associate Lakshmi is a retired S. Brintha Dr. - Head, Depart Officiating Former Professor, - Chairper and Former of Architecture, ment The in Architecture, of Studies son, Board She of Baroda. University Maharaja Sayajirao of the Master Director was also the Associate Planning Programme and Regional of Urban she retired. before Stately D.N. Hall, Stately D.N. Can I miss you ever? you ever? Can I forget etched so very deep in my heart forever. For you are Your domes are special features that frame your façades, your that frame special features Your domes are sky, They soar to the heavens, lightly kissing the foliage, They play hide and seek amidst the trees’ the high’. But always telling the users, ‘I aim for YOUNG PRACTICE MAY 2021 MAY STUDIO FIRKI SPINNING STORIES THROUGH ARCHITECTURE

90 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 91 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS For example, for the design of a hotel-cum-banquet For example, for La Palette in Delhi, the nar- project For a fashion retail the very beginningFrom our focus has been to deliver doesprofitable. Hence the younger generation find their craft it has been and is our constant endeavour to work with local craftspersons whenever their workman- possible and present ship with a modern in outlookrelevant so that they remain contemporary times. the term “ma- express hall in Durg, Chhattisgarh, we tried to hal” in the modern context: instead of just contemporising elements and details of a palace to suit a modernbuilding, and geometry in a different traditional forms we reorganized gate- traditional arched Drawing inspiration from manner. them was reinterpreted. the movement through ways of forts, and premises the in installation an as showcased was art Gond positioned to in a double height entrance foyer strategically attract attention. hoopsrative with the embroidery was possible because of the craftsperson’sof the concept which could highlight the core the embroidery, client’s business. Drawing inspiration from hoopsdesign uses embroidery as a metaphor to unify the space in a simple yet elegant manner: the hoops entire were to generate a range of patterns that would arrayed carefully enabling one to celebrate the craft of visual enclosures, form stringent budget led A journey. the throughout embroidery us to use an inexpensive hoops, material such as embroidery aesthetic. a rich Indian create to ironically which has with every project, become a something different Firki Studio is an open platform for cultivating a de- for Firki Studio is an open platform A number is low budget and we of times, the project is an acute that there Over the years we have realized Abhinandan Palace, Durg - view from the main entrance - view from Durg Palace, Abhinandan Top: Left: Villa 91, Lucknow; sign-centric work culture and we partner closely with clients with closely partner we and culture work sign-centric via- rooted,economically culturally are that spaces create to Simple interventions with a large ble and attuned with nature. We to delivering in a project. impact is what we look forward design and try to construct a collage of a lot on intuitive rely meaningful and aspiring dynamic, are that spaces and forms While the studio tends to draw inspiration from throughout. simplistic observations and day-to-day objects or events, ev- of complex collaborative is a result processes not ery project necessarily bound style. a predetermined by have to innovate ways and means to spend the minimum us optimum utilization of resources, For required. amount within the box, out-of-the-box to provide solutions, is in- us to work closely with artisans, requires novation. This also craftspersons or even unskilled daily wage workers. Design communication is imperative as we have to get on the ground and communicate the task hands-on. The design drawings are of detailed working drawings on not necessarily in the form is a set of processes, most of the time it pictures Rather, paper. can easily understand. workers site- even videos which the or This also works well in case of out-station projects. who few the fact, In labourskilled of shortage industry. our in skilled want to leave their traditional work as it doesare not socialprovide to able - not they are and needs daily their fulfil ly accepted norms of a “good Nor to their children. lifestyle” core value for the studio. This not only helps to distinguish Today, the industry has mastered the technology of ourselves in a sea of small-sized design studios, but also this is parametric modelling and digital fabrication. However, we

MAY 2021 MAY one value that remains relevant no matter the scale or type of face a lack of craftspersons willing to learn this methodology project. In all our work, there is an experimentation in design of working with module-based design. It is no surprise that and aesthetics – a little twist in the plot or a break from the the biggest challenge we face today is not technology but the mundane. In order to achieve the level of detail and finesse unavailability of skilled labour. With growing client demand, that has come to be expected of Firki Studio, we started mak- time constraint on deliverables, need for quality and aesthet- ing modular designs for which we train masons and crafts- ics, there is a dire need of mechanical hands who can do this persons on one module. Once the process was understood, laborious precision work for hours on end, without getting scaling up for the remaining modules to create complex forms tired. But such a scenario is decades away for us in our country. and textures becomes an easier and more efficient task. This We believe that in the current scenario of exponential hands-on process works dramatically : the same unskilled growth of technology it is imperative to keep oneself contex- workers who vehemently denied taking up any work in the tual and relevant in time. It is more important to keep our de- first instance, did it effectively once they were trained. They signs relevant irrespective of the availability of technology. We became masters and are today proud of their achievement. It are not looking for another industrial revolution in the field just took a little off-the-track time from us to boost their ca- of design. Instead, we are looking for a revolution to bridge pabilities and their confidence to work wonders. the gap between imagination and the physical product. More The Brick Curtain Office in Karnal is an apt example importantly, we are looking to enhance imagination itself to of this experiment. Where many craftspersons had refused get desired results within the stipulated time, without having this work, an enthusiastic unskilled sardar ji who was ready to worry about the availability of a skilled work-force. To pro- to learn became the star of the project. The client aspired for duce a tangible product, as it has been originally conceived, a landmark building that would create a unique identity for without having to overspend is the biggest challenge. We see their practice. A drama was created in the experience of en- possibility in every deficit and we create the desired skill. tering into the space by capturing the act of moving aside a That’s exactly what we did for a residence in Lucknow. curtain in a physical architectural frame. The wall seems to be A three-storeyed façade with turning and twisting bricks curling on itself like the folding of fabric. Marked by a long looked like a mammoth task to achieve. The design was bro- slit, the threshold transports the visitor to an open, well-lit in- ken down into the minutest of parameters and finally just terior full of plants. A modular and earthy material like brick one repetitive module was chosen to be executed. This one was chosen to realize the curtain and made possible by our module was easy to communicate and construct for the en- sardar ji. tire façade. With just one brick mason, who is the hero here,

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL Abhinandan Palace, Durg – double-height entrance lobby with Gond art MAY 2021 93 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Studio Firki Firki Studio Packirisamy Vasanth (2009) Delhi of SPA, is a graduate Packirisamy Vasanth Ar. the He looks at Studio. of Firki architect and is the principal balance about a right bring to as an open platform practice of art, design and architecture. Sakshi Kumar is the Sakshi Kumar (2009), Ar. Delhi of SPA A graduate landscape and is the principal Studio of Firki co-founder and local traditions respects Her design ideology designer. of potentials optimize the inherent to factors environmental and architecture. the site Pratap Shiv in 2011 and is Part- Delhi SPA, from graduated Pratap Shiv Ar. in interest He has keen Studio. Firki Head at ner and Design new with and experimenting materials different exploring sound spaces. design efficient and aesthetically ideas to Brick Curtain Office, Karnal Office, Curtain Brick The more we explore, the more we realize how little we realize we the more we explore, The more The community school an ambitious in Ambala was one has to get educated oneself impart education To focusing is to This is how our team of young thinkers La Palette, Delhi – Interior View – Interior Delhi La Palette, know. Yuval Noah Harari in his book Noah Harari in that ev- Homo Deus says Yuval know. beinghuman ery today he phone than a smarter is looking for smarter healthcare, smarter car, hand, smarter bike, has in his personal and smarter smarter homes enti- assistants. Every every and it, to attached feature smart upgradable an has ty a process. has a design linked with it and also smart feature This process-set of rules and commands- that a becomes more us most. is which intrigues refined, and more have made it impossible with a budget which would project want The client did not half the building. to construct even a shabby-looking to convey an im- building, nor did he want to the localpression community that it had been constructed should it Rather interest. of lack or budget constrained a with be village kids and youngsters a community magnet where inspiration. would come for So oneself. inspired To give inspiration one has to get first. locally the apt people inspiration we looked : for and found masters at making the Rohtak who are master masons from collaborated also local with famous brick Rohtak domes. We learning certain details on site. The process masons who were the city is gearing up to see is set and the modules ready; are roofits first building, even its with only bricks, without made or steel. any concrete everlasting and have em- and memories that are designs create the modern explore barked on a journey to understand and is seen as a means to Indian aesthetic. In our studio, designing and connected to the spirit of creating. stay grounded doesn’t believe anything ever made could have that he now doesn’t he still like that; design. it’s a parametric know ROAD MAP MAY 2021 MAY ARCHITECTURE FOR THE YOUTH YOUNG ARCHITECTS

94 COMMITTEE JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 95 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS YArC aims to bring about to bring aims members opportunities to for YArC memberships student will promote through YArC - profession the improve and to safeguard vision a With - unprece our country is going through At present, of global people should be forefront at the Young connect and network with each other by conducting various various other by conducting each with and network connect shows. Young workshops and seminars, events– exhibitions, will Festival (YAF) Architects and Young Awards Architects be A world-meet talent. to identify and appreciate organized to establish a global architects young shall be for organized to looks forward YArC grow. exchange ideas and network to and graduates fresh for programs various training conducting learn about to start their practices and young professionals experts. etiquette organized by industry This professional next gener- and informed a conscientious will help nurture pedagogic workshops will be Various ation of professionals. the help of experienced teachers with fresh conducted for aims to conduct various sports activities academicians. YArC oth- and camps medical provide to also and IIA, with along and mental well-being physical of for er counselling sessions members. exposureprovide industry. to the to IIA-affiliated colleges Support at zonal, nation- will be student events for extended will exchange programs al and international levels and more connecting beproposedfor is cell placement A organized. as well as placements internships for students to professionals graduates as per in various professional fresh their calibre for organizations and academic institutes. al well-being of young members of IIA, to contribute to the edu- well-beingoverall architectural society of to nurture and programs will be various awareness planning for cation, YArC to introduce the importance of among young professionals, and how they can contribute to society and such a platform opportunities,future strives to envision YArC fraternity. the increase and to and responsibilities of the profession roles aboutawareness benefits services to the gen- of architectural eral public and also as peoples’ representatives. Young economy. of health and fields the challenges in dented themselves in the midst of these challenges, find architects needed to and critical skills unable to identify the required engage and en- will these. YArC navigate themselves through to work with, rather than able these emerging professionals society. for strives to acknowledge, YArC a betterchange for tomorrow. empower the youth to meet challenges in the real and inform importance emphasizes on the of brotherhoodworld. YArC and bonding the fraternity and to contribute to the among This shall aim in the be our primary overall wellness of society. to the supportcoming years, and we look of each and forward every member this endeavour. of IIA in - an initia is (YArC) Committee Architects’ Young The the professional and improve strives to safeguard YArC for the forums this year bet- proposedYArC has 24 The COMMITTEE LEADERSHIP ARCHITECTS YOUNG Brijesh Shaijal – Chairman ▶ Ar. Singla – Vice Chairman Yogesh ▶ Ar. Noufal C. Hashim – Hon. Secretary ▶ Ar. Ravindra Jammanakatti – Treasurer ▶ Ar. – Editor Walecha Tarun ▶ Ar. DIRECTORS EXECUTIVE Hamir Smart – Practice Director ▶ Ar. Ranit Maiti – Communication Director ▶ Ar. Santhosh Shanmugam – Advocacy Director ▶ Ar. Anupam Deb – Community Director ▶ Ar. Karan Nagpal – Knowledge Director ▶ Ar. will implement an effective communication sys- YArC service ac- will organize various community YArC legal addressing for also plans to set up a cell YArC tive of the Indian Institute of Architects, organized to address to address organized of Architects, Institute the Indian tive of below architects licensed the recently issues of the prominent Focusingfellowship developing leadership, on age of forty. the small into consideration we have taken and mentorship, populacesize of this all emerging by including of the country and Associate IIA members.professionals well-being of the members architects and to bring in young the limelight. It emphasizes on increasing of the country into to match practices of young architecture the overall quality and to updateinternational standards their technical, man- - pro YArC future. the for knowledge financial and agement advice in matters pertaining to vides legal and professional and various field of their practice, academics possible profession. practice knowledge, advocacy, terment of communication, and community sectors. spectruma larger with globally to connect tem audience of including social all mediums, through media. A separate de- and graphic works. We creative sign wing will be for formed documents the content also propose archiving and preserve A periodical newsletter will be- references. circulat future for ed amongst the members to give updates about various ac- will work as a facilitator to identify potential tivities. YArC competitions a for to provide public or semi-public projects to showcase their talents. young architects for platform Socially tivities and events to support the needy in society. will be a projects identified as pro bono, providing relevant to work with all the strata of young architects for platform the society and other NGOs, to build a socially responsible resilience aims to bring a comprehensive YArC community. that suffer continual natural in the country the areas plan for calam- the impact of future and reduce calamities, to prevent initiatives, events green ities with various campaigns. More for practices sustainable build to planned are workshops and will be programs at conducted outreach Various the future. both and Chapter levels in the country. the Centre expertmatters and to hire services. An IT cell will be developed updating and technol- the latest information for with ogy and to deal with piracy and legal issues. A gender cell is genders to treat in society, awareness also proposed to create all possibleequally and to provide support issues to resolve wellbeingfor of the community. EDUCATION MAY 2021 MAY SCHOOL OF MANIPAL ARCHITECTURE UNIVERSITY & DESIGN (SA&D)JAIPUR

The academic excellence award-winning School of Architec- organized for students to learn about and explore various ture & Design (SA&D), Manipal University Jaipur is dedicat- techniques, materials, and advancements in architecture. The ed to providing world-class architectural education. An am- School also houses a construction yard for ready accessibility bience to inculcate creativity and innovation, state of the art and experimentation by students. facilities, dedicated and experienced faculty and student-cen- For an industry as diverse as architecture, providing tric academic practices beyond the syllabus is the School's relevant education is a gargantuan task. What would make it hallmarks. The quality of life at SA&D is designed to shape easier for the educational institution in this endeavour would the students into professionals with good human values. be the strength of its industry network. Leadership in Energy The pedagogy followed at the School is unique as it is and Environmental Design (LEED) Lab in collaboration with the perfect amalgamation of technical, practical, and hands- GBCI and USGBC, provides the School's students and faculty on work. Apart from regular classroom/studio work, students with opportunities to gain exposure to green rating systems are encouraged to undertake site visits, building studies, and relevant certification procedures. Along the same lines, participate in workshops and technical sessions. The School the School also promotes exchange programs for students promotes students’ growth and self-development through in- with foreign universities through their in-house program ternships, guest lectures, industry-sponsored projects, oppor- called IAESTE (International Association for Exchange of Stu- tunities for experiential learning, study tours to architectural- dents for Technical Education). Manipal University Jaipur, en- ly significant locations, expert talks with renowned architects, capsulates the philosophy of creating innovators, empowered industry experts and in collaboration with professional bod- with the knowledge for creating a dynamic world, pulsating ies such as IIID, CoA, IIA, INTACH, IGBC, etc. The School's with intellectual acuity and striving for the utopia of a pros- industrial associations have facilitated practical learning and perous biosphere for all. value addition to the students' education. Workshops are also JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 97 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS MANIPAL UNIVERSITY JAIPUR MAY 2021 MAY

98 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 99 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS MAY Ar. Leena Kumar Ar. Jt. Hon. Secretary, IIA Jt. Hon. Secretary, In 1917, the IIA was formed, Cause the battle is within. battle the Cause It only just keeps passing you by. It only just keeps passing you by. From the IIA, we give you a bow. the IIA, we give you From Time is one thing that doesn’t lie In your memory we will carry on, For many a 100 years and more, And left us all in remorse plenty-fold, And left us all in To all the members who we have lost, To It tookyoung and our old, with it our Time is, time was, and always will Time is, time was, and be, It came as a storm, and it took its toll, The gift that is life, for one and for all. for one and The gift that is life, Your memories will be cherished by us, We have but marched on with concern, have but marched We In your memory we will call for change, In your memory we will call for I have penned down an ode the IIA. from Good bye dear friends, we must part now, With highs and lows, and twists and turns, You turn your head, and you find it’s gone. You turn your head, and For the Cosmos is one thing that doesn’t lie, Your life and your spirit, will not go in vain, Your life A better work, a better place to place to enjoy With soaring cases, and deaths uncontrolled, To usher in a shift into the spaces that we live, To One thing that doesn’t wait for you or for me, you or for One thing that doesn’t wait for Then in the year 2020, a big calamity we faced, Then in the year 2020, a big calamity we We called it the corona virus, a pandemic it was, We For a 100 years and more we have journeyed on, For a 100 years and more That took the world by surprise and with no foretaste, That took by surprise and with no the world To be the harbingers of change, and promote for the good, be for the harbingers of change, and promote To To say to the world that no matter what the style you apply, say to the world that no matter what the To The Architect, the designer, the member of the IIA to behold. the designer, The Architect, A better place to live for the peopleA better in their neighbourhoods. live for place to Each space good must be for health, and that you cannot defy. Our beloved fellow membersOur beloved when the who left us, fellow pandemic came to our door. Obituaries

Condolence Note Condolence Heartfelt Condolences Heartfelt NEWSLETTER In this unprecedented pandemic situation, it is painful In this unprecedented Ar. C R Raju Ar. IIA President, - 30, 2021, by IIA in re A prayer meeting was held on May was attended by mem- membrance of the departed souls. It President Divya Kush, Imm. Past Ar. bers the country. across deepest his offered condolences at the start of the meeting. the slides of the de- Jt. Hon. Sec. presented Leena Kumar, Ar. members,ceased odean along with souls. departed to the concluded by President This gracefully organized session was deepest C.R. Raju by expressing condolences to the fami- Ar. lies of the deceased members. the passing that we record It is with a deep sense of sorrow offer our prayers away of some of our beloved members. We in peace and courage rest their souls to and give strength for their grief. to their families to overcome members of to have also lost other members of our fraternity, all ages. and the public at large, across our allied professions on the psyche of so- The pandemic has had an immense effect this by imbib- all of us to overcome ciety and it is essential for ing practices of good values to improve health and nurture our mental strength. Ar. Divakara Kumble Ar. Darshan Kumar Bubbar (July 27, 1974 – May 3, 2021) (November 12, 1937 – 8 February 2021) Ar. Divakara Kumble was a remarkably simple, Ar. Darshan Kumar Bubbar was born in Quetta,

MAY 2021 MAY sensible, soft-spoken and creative architect, who Baluchistan, but spent nearly his entire life in would design and speak through sketches rather than Mumbai, India. A graduate of the Academy of words. He had worked as Principal Architect on many Architecture, Mumbai, he started his own firm, The prestigious educational institutions and hospital Angles Architects in 1965 and continued his practice projects. Being a highly successful architect till his until retirement in 2014. When he was in his early last breath, he was a very promising professional sixties, he began his immersive studies and research who had still lot more in him for society. into Indian architecture and the application of the traditional science in the modern architectural context. He applied this knowledge in most of his projects. In 2005 his book The Spirit of Indian Architecture was published. He was a member of IIA. Ar. Bharath Rathi (August 15, 1948 – May 8, 2021) Architect B.H. Rathi was the founder and chairman of Rathi Associates, a reputed architectural firm in Bangalore. During his fifty-year career, he was Dr. Sushma Deodhar well known as a prolific and talented architect having completed numerous projects both in India Dr. Sushma Deodhar, proprietor of Deodhar and abroad. He had received several awards for his Associates and partner in Grit Architectural achievements– Excellence in Architectural Design Consultancy Pvt. Ltd., had been a practicing in Houston, Architecture & Interior Excellence architect for over 25 years and had also ventured into from the Gujarat Government and the Lifetime project management consultancy. She completed Achievement Award from Indian Institute of Interior her B.Arch. (1983) and Ph.D. in Management in Designers (IIID). Real Estate in India and Abroad from Mumbai University (2012). Having started with Great India Metal Industries, she established her own furniture factory in Nasik. Along with her husband, she did interior projects in Nasik. In 1995, she shifted back Ar. G. Manohar to Mumbai and concentrated on development (June 10, 1941 – May 14, 2021) of slum rehabilitation. She had been advisor to Ar. G. Manohar was one of the senior architects of a number of government and semi-government Mangalore and was also the past Chairman of IIA- organizations namely the small industry service Karnataka Chapter, Mangalore-Manipal Centre institute, Mahila Arthik Vikas Mahamandal, from 2009-2013. Known as a specialist in hospital Government of Maharashtra, Central Excise and design, he was awarded by the Chief Minister of Customs, Government of India, S.N.D.T. University Karnataka for his YMCA hostel design. He was the and others. She passed away on May 1, 2021. recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award from the AK Group. He was honoured by IIA-Mangalore Manipal Centre for Outstanding Contribution to the Profession and Creative Excellence in Architecture Ar. Omkar Nath Patel 100 in 2018. Ar. Omkar Nath Patel passed completed B.Arch in the year 2016 from Dignity College of Architecture, Durg, Chhattisgarh. He was a very creative and promising young architect with a very sweet and Ar. S.N. Kohli pleasing personality. (1936 –2021) Ar. S.N. Kohli retired as the Additional Chief Architect, Haryana in 1994. He had been the Chief Architect of Haryana Tourism Corporation. He had served as the Chairman of the IIA Chandigarh-Punjab Ar. V.C. Fernandes Chapter (2000-2002). He had handled a large number of projects in India and Nigeria. He was a visiting HOD Architectural Assistantship, Govt. Polytechnic faculty at the Chandigarh College of Architecture. Panaji.

Ar. Amar Rajinder Singh (1933–2021) Ar. Amar Rajinder Singh was a veteran architect based in Chandigarh. He had completed his National Diploma in Architecture (N.D. Arch.) in 1964 from Ar. Kiran Gandhi the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi. He retired as a Senior Architect in 1991 from An innovative architect who had worked extensively the Department of Architecture, Punjab. During his on pre-fabricated modules for housing that could three decades in the Punjab Government service, he be erected at great speed and especially useful designed several outstanding buildings. for disaster management. His designs were used for the rehabilitation of our citizens who lost their homes during the Bhuj earthquake in 2001.

Prof. Kuldip Chand Kambo (January 11, 1933–May 11, 2021) Ar. Mahendra Shukla Prof. Kuldip Chand Kambo, born at Lahore, completed his graduation in architecture from SPA A senior architect and active member of the IIA Delhi in 1955, and Masters in Tropical Architecture who worked with various departments of the and Urban Planning from the University College of government. London in 1970. He had a distinguished teaching career at the University of Roorkee (now IIT Roorkee) as a Reader (1961), Professor (1973) and

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL Head of Department (1989-92). MAY 2021 101 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS Ar. Sanjay Pagar Sanjay Ar. in Civil his graduation completed Sanjay Ar. of Engineering. College SSVPS from Engineering the title earn to IIA examinations for He appeared member in 1996. He was a knowledgeable Architect prestigious many completed having the fraternity of Northern in and around Maharashtraprojects during for architect panel a was He practice. of years 27 his semi government and government renowned many to asset an was He etc. LIC, MHADA, like institutions with associated He was actively IIA-Nashik Centre. social to institutions contributing charitable many to personality was contagious causes. His pleasant a lot. will be missed he met and that everyone Ar. R.C. Manchanda R.C. Manchanda Ar. startedand India in undivided then Sialkot, in Born partition.post refugee a as graduated He life as Delhi then known SPA, from in Architecture Mc from in Architecture and Masters Polytechnic He started his working Canada. Gill University, him the opportunity gave which with P&T, career buildings exchange telephone on many work to him the gave which CPWD, to moved and later the over all projects large on opportunity work to Planning the Housing and Town He headed country. like handling projects years many for of CPWD Unit and Mehrauli complex Housing Road the Minto other many besides Delhi in housing Badarpur him India. Being in the govt. gave all over projects assignment the opportunity on a foreign be sent to of very him another stint Oman, giving Muscat, to assignment major His last kind of projects. different the in Architect govt.the with being Chief was of Lutyens Ministry on Redevelopment working retirement Post Rajpath. South of Zone Bungalow specialized which practice he started his private included Projects architecture. healthcare into hospital expansion, NIMS Gandhi Memorial Sanjay Ganganagar and others. Medanta Hyderabad, Moitra Prasad Deba Ar. in the graduation his architectural He completed who worked architect 1954. A well-travelled year in worked Chandigarh, at Le Corbusier with AR Moitra Ar gentleman thorough A Africa. and Dubai as our senior most architects will be remembered ever. for Kumar Umesh Ar. National Visveshwaraiya from graduated Umesh Ar. (NIT) Nagpur in the year of Technology, Institute Prayagraj, in architect practicing a was He 1989. erstwhile Allahabad. Raj Kumar Ar. Bhopal and was MACT from Rajkumar graduated Ar. He was an active in Ranchi. architect a practicing Chapter. member of IIA-Jharkhand Ar. Umesh Bhatt Bhatt Umesh Ar. M.S. studies from did his architectural Umesh Ar. in architectural involved was actively He University. Gujarat. in region Saurashtra around and in practice involved he was practice, architectural Apart from at faculty visiting a was He well. as academics in Rajkot, of Architecture, School Indubhai Parekh Gujarat. Ar. Vinod Makhesana Vinod Makhesana Ar. studies did his architectural Vinod Makhesana Ar. involved CEPTfrom and was actively university Saurashtra in and around practice in architectural practice, architectural Apart from in Gujarat. region was as well. He in academics he was involved of school Parekh Indubhai at faculty visiting a many He received Gujarat. Rajkot, architecture, in the year IIA award including awards architectural and philosopher. mentor 2006. He was a great Pal Kambo Dharam Prof. Ar. pre- in raised and born was Kambo Professor study to Delhi to partitioned Punjab and moved near polytechnic then-Delhi the at architecture in Architecture He did his Masters gate. Kashmiri of Art, in Michigan, Academy the Cranbrook at Toronto in worked and fellowship Saarinen a under He decided years. several D.C for and Washington many for taught he where Delhi, New to return to and Architecture, of Planning the School at years and founder the head of urban design becoming retiring Studies, Conservation for of the Centre Kala the Vastu at teach on to in 1993. He went on consult and to of Architecture School academy, He was projects. and preservation conservation and artist photographer and has a large an avid of personal drawings. collection Ar. Sanjiv K. Nagpal Sanjiv Ar. a had and graduate an IIA was Nagpal K. Sanjiv. Ar. practice. private Gayatri Ar. and had a private was an IIA graduate GAYATHRI Ar. practice Biswas Debjyoti Ar. in Architecture graduated Biswas Jyoti Deb Prof. in Town IIT Kharagpur and did his Masters from He the same Institute. Planning from and Country Ranchi, with MECON, served as a Senior Architect of Birla Dept and then joined the Architecture led He Ranchi. Mesra, Technology, of Institute the off-shore campus at of Architecture the Dept back, coming After Rasal Khaimah, UAE. of BIT at and Architecture he became the Head of Dept, Planning, BIT Mesra. He was very popular with the students. Ar. Kuldip Singh Ar. Jasbir Sachdev

Ar. Kuldip Singh, a prominent architect who designed Ar. Jasbir Sachdev is a veteran name amongst Indian

MAY 2021 MAY two of the most iconic government buildings in architects. He had the opportunity to work with Le Delhi– the National Cooperative Development Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret on the Chandigarh Corporation building (1980), and Palika Kendra project from 1952 to 1956. A protagonist of the (1983), died on November 10, 2020, of COVID-19. use of materials in their natural colour and texture, He was 86. Ar. Singh was known for his structurally Jasbir Sachdev designed a number of buildings complex modern designs and his use of concrete, which exemplify his reverence for the masters. He which were at an experimental stage when he is a pioneer of sustainable architecture, perhaps started working with it. He graduated from the before the evolution of the term 'sustainability School of Planning and Architecture in Delhi in in architecture'. In 1964, he joined forces with the 1957, which was then part of Delhi Polytechnic. Australian architect Rosemary Eggleston who Along with his contemporaries B.V. Doshi, Raj became his partner in work and in life. This duo Rewal, Achyut Kanvinde and Charles Correa, he has inspired generations of Indian architects and was a highly regarded figure who was an important was responsible for many iconic projects like the part of the modern architecture movement during campuses of Guru Nanak Dev University in Amritsar, the decolonization period in India, even though his the Modern School in Vasant Vihar, and the India work was not well documented. Pavilion in the World Expo 70 in Osaka.

Ar. Kshitij Jain Ar. S. Rajaprakash

Ar. Kshitij Jain was a practicing architect, graduated Ar. S. Rajaprakash, graduated from SPA Delhi in from SPA Delhi, 2000, partner in the firm Akshay the 80s and after completion of his higher studies Jain & Associates. He had worked on design of joined SPA as an assistant professor. A very loved various types of buildings and large-scale projects teacher, he shall be remembered as a gentle soul by comprising institutional complexes, offices, all his friends, colleagues and students. religious buildings, housing schemes, etc, and had developed an expertise of working on net zero buildings and application of energy efficiency measures in his projects. His keen interests included photography, use of digital media in Ar. Hanwant Rai Suri design, exposure to conservation, revitalisation projects. His professional activities included active An architect, planner and an activist for the City, participation in several design competitions for Ar. H R Suri had completed his architecture from projects in India, Nepal and Seychelles and working IIT Kharagpur and had gone on for further studies as a consultant with Dalmias for ASIS Adopt a to London. On his return to India, he set up an Monument Scheme for monuments at Bhimbhetka, independent practice and was very actively involved Mahabalipuram and Khajuraho. Liked by all his in the running of ITPI. During his later years, he friends, he is one of the youngest members to have worked on activism by taking on the government lost his battle with Covid. 102 regarding various policy issues affecting Delhi as a City.

Ar. Arun Kumar Tyagi Ar. Vikram Lall

Ar. Arun Kumar Tyagi is a graduate from GCA Lucknow, Ar. Vikram Lall, who hailed from Patna, was a partner practicing in Delhi. and principal architect in the Delhi-based firm Lall & Associates. His notable work includes the sprawling Buddha Smriti Park in Patna which was inaugurated by the Dalai Lama in 2010. The centrepiece of the park, built on the site of the British-era Bankipore Central Jail demolished by the Bihar government, is a modern Buddhist Stupa, which was christened ‘Pataliputra Karuna Stupa’ by the Tibetan spiritual leader. With lush green lawns and meditation Ar. Anand P. Saxena centres, the park which falls in the heart of city of Patna, is now a well-known tourist site. Vikram Practicing Architect and a renowned valuer of Delhi Lall had earned his Bachelor of Architecture from who served a long active inning with the Northern Chandigarh College of Architecture, and Masters in Chapter that included serving the Chapter as the Interdisciplinary Design for the Built Environment Hon. Jt. Secretary in the early 90s and also being from the University of Cambridge. the secretary of the organizing committee for NatCon held by the Northern Chapter. He was also very active in the Guild of Practicing Architects and worked for bridging the gap between the various Ar. R.K. Safaya members of the profession. Ar. Ramesh Kumar Safaya, architect-urban designer and planner graduated from Chandigarh College of Architecture in 1975, did his masters with SPA Ar. Amala Sheth Delhi and planning from ITPI. In the initial years, he worked with Joseph Allen stein. He worked with Ar. Amala Sheth was the founder of Metaphors, an various government bodies including chief architects architecture and interior design firm in Pune, which office at J&K, DDA, TCPO and NBCC, JNURRM, ITDC she started with her partner Anand Bhagat. She was and HUDCO as executive director. During his tenure the master mind behind the world-class corporate above he organized many exhibitions in Africa. His office for Wipro in Pune and the majestic Ganga wide exposure to works was followed by his tenure Dham Towers. as director, Vaastu Kala Academy, formerly TVB school of habitat studies, for giving the much needed direction the college needed for stabilizing itself as an important centre for architecture learning in Delhi. JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS 103 he CPWD delhi held the distinction of the distinction delhi held . Post his retirement from from his retirement . Post SPA CPWD Other famous buildings he designed in Delhi Delhi in designed he buildings famous Other in DG has been actively participating in design juries in participating in design juries has been actively panels evaluating government and many colleges while public projects prestigious many designs for some private for of directors being on the board He shall be remembered companies. infrastructure public architecture. to his contribution for K Barjatya Hari Ar. Agencies with Government employed Architect Rail Vikas Nigam etc. DDA, CPWD, including Burman T.K.D. Ar. Agencies with Government employed Architect CPWD. including Ar. MBR Kapoor Ar. architect Practising Nikhil Chandra Ar. architect Practising Arvind Krishan Prof. Ar. architect Practising Barai Anil Ar. Agencies with Government employed Architect DDA. including Bhagwan Singh Duggal Ar. of Graduate hold the position to architect perhaps being the only of Ar. Pradeep Sachdeva Pradeep Ar. New award-winning, the Sachdeva, Pradeep Ar. was well known for who architect Delhi-based in the public spaces landmark designing several 62 on the age of at away passed capital city, of India’s one considered was He 2020. 31, May iconic The of urban spaces. designers foremost of Garden Market, INA at Haat Dilli and popular Plaza and Emporia Senses in Said-ul-Ajaib, Five his most some of are Marg Singh Kharak Baba at Sachdeva’s New Delhi. to contributions interesting Indian to loss a monumental be will demise untimely of his associates. said many architecture, Development the headquarters Delhi of the are Tikri in Gram Hind Azad Market), (INA Authority at Plaza, Plaza and Streets University Delhi Kalan, in Noida. and the Botanic Garden Place, Bhikaji Cama After his retirement, he set up the firm Enar his retirement, After Ar. Utpal Basu Utpal Ar. ensure to force instrumental Basu was an Utpal Ar. in the state COA as per of architects the right to single handedly He fought Bengal. of West a He had of architecture. profession establish the than 40 years. of more practice Ar. D. P. Kambo D. P. Ar. and planner associated architect He was a practicing Delhi. with SPA MN Khullar Prof. Ar. Development of the Delhi architect chief Former architect M N Khullar was the chief Ar. Authority, Development undertaking. public the Delhi of The private the in participated energetically Authority, of housing and sports in the development sector infrastructure. experience, tremendous with his Consultants in the housing and sport especially infrastructure transforming Khullar is known for Architect sectors. and mortar extraordinary basic brick into spaces extensive and with an in-depth knowledge and design. expertise of architecture in the realm S.C. Gupta Ar. planner who worked was an architect S.C. Gupta Ar. Plan and its subsequent Master on Delhi with DDA interest active he took retirement, After revisions. colleges with many and was associated in teaching in Delhi-NCR. G.S. Kumar Ravi Ar. in the architect a very was prominent Kumar Ravi Ar. of Bhawanipatna. city Sisir Dey Ar. the then from graduate Sisir is an architecture Ar. with Bata He worked College. Bengal Engineering starting his own before architects as chief India Ltd as a 70s. He will be remembered in late practice good human being. IIA-Chhattisgarh Chapter

MAY 2021 MAY Providing oxygen cylinders to the needy Since the beginning of the Corona transition period, IIA-Chhattisgarh Chapter has been continuously providing oxygen cylinders, concentrator machines, medicines and blood plasma to affected patients. In addition, constant support is being provided for arranging beds in hospitals in emergencies. A cooperation amount was also collected by members of IIA-Chhattisgarh Chapter. This amount was used to provide thirteen jumbo oxygen cylinders to Bilaspur, eight to Durg Bhilai and Rajnandgaon and fourteen to Raipur; two oxygen concentrator machines, 5000 masks and 500 litre san- itizers were made available to the general public for the Police Mask up Group campaign. IIA-Himachal Pradesh Chapter While disbursing these supplies, the various centres of IIA-Chhattisgarh Chapter also gathered data of oxygen levels and status of each patient for follow-ups. Ar. Saurabh Ra- IIA-Himachal Pradesh Chapter organised a two-day hatgaonkar, Secretary of IIA-Chhattisgarh Chapter informed online session on Health and Happiness on May 28 -29 for the about the donation of one lakh rupees by the Chapter to the lifestyle benefits of member architects and their families. The Chief Minister's Relief Fund during the first COVID wave. event was hosted by Ar. Manuj Shardia, Vice Chairman of IIA Many young architects from these centres are serving patients Himachal Pradesh Chapter. Ar. Nand Lal Chandel, Chairman under the guidance of their respective Chairmen: of IIA-Himachal Pradesh Chapter welcomed participants at ▶ Ar. Ravi Chavan and his team from Raipur Centre: the inaugural ceremony and introduced the trainers of the Ar. Siddhant Sharma, Ar. Vastu Parikh, Ar. Mimamsa session: Shri Yoginder Yogi and Ms Seema Sharma, who have Diwan and Ar. Swapnil Jaggi. been teaching yoga and meditation for over twenty two years ▶ Ar. Debashish Ghatak and his team from Bilaspur with ART of Living (AoL). These sessions were attended by Centre: Ar. Vivek Yadav, Ar. Mohnish Anand and Ar. architects and their families from Himachal Pradesh, Uttara- Nina Aseem khand, Uttar Pradesh and Odisha. ▶ Ar. R. K. Patel and his team from Bhilai Durg and Ra- jnandgaon: Ar. Navin Sahu, Ar. Vijay Hirwani and Ar. IIA-Jammu & Kashmir Chapter 104 Avinash Delhiwar. Chapter Chairman Ar. Raj Prajapati, former Chairman, IIA-Jammu & Kashmir Chapter had purchased office Ar. Navin Sharma, Secretary, Ar. Ravi Jaggi and Treasurer Ar. premises in 2013–’14, which was inaugurated on April 18, Atul Deshpande of IIA Chhattisgarh have been pillars of sup- 2021. Along with Ganesh Pujan during the navratra days, the port during this entire period. members discussed the objectives in order to meet the Chap- ter’s goals. Contributing towards the fight against the pandemic, members of IIA-Jammu & Kashmir Chapter helped towards providing relief for unemployed architects of the union territory, as many were on the verge of changing their profession. Senior architects were in direct contact with unemployed architects through social media platforms, sharing their life experiences and providing a helping hand in form of physical and emotional support. Many were encouraged to pursue art- forms in which they were proficient so that they could stay positive and relax mentally.

IIA-Karnataka Chapter

Recognition of projects by Shreyas Patil Architects Stu- dio, Belgaum The Desur Farmhouse, a farmhouse on the outskirts of the city of Belagavi, designed by Shreyas Patil Architects Studio is selected for publication in InCITE's fourth volume IIA-Gujarat Chapter on 91 RESIDENCES series. The project was also published in AD and in BUILDOFYME. The project is also nominated in the IIA-Saurashtra Centre merit list by MATTER supported by Takshila Educational So- Professional Social Responsibility: Free oxygen flow ciety, recognizing projects of critical relevance in the context meters were dispatched to major cities of IIA-Saurashtra Cen- of contemporary architecture in India. The firm Shreyas Patil tre: Rajkot, Bhavnagar, Jamnagar, Jetpur. Architects Studio is housed on a vintage property, a colonial Dispatched for our fraternity at the following Centres house, sensitively conserved and restored by the firm, turning and Chapters: Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, Indore, Jammu & it into an experience, was selected and published by AD, April

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL Kashmir, Chhattisgarh, Nasik. 2021 Volume. MAY 2021 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS 105 IIA-Maharashtra Chapter IIA-Maharashtra Sangli Centre formalities of the last General Body meet- After the Navi Mumbai Centre A webinar on the use of glass, Glass, a Boon or a Bane? Pune Centre Pune Centre On the occasion Foundation Day, of IIA ing and the first General Body meeting of the new body, a ing and the first General Body meeting of the new body, mem- Sangli Centre by the fund-raising effort was undertaken Members pandemic. bers,- IIA-San the of corona the of view in oxygen concentrators to the Hon. Com- donated gli Centre Corporationmissioner of Sangli Miraj Kupwad Municipal a sum of Rs. 5,00,000/- (SMKMC), Sangli. It is notable that while by the mem- (Rs Five lakhs only) was raised in a short oxygen concentrators. bers of and it was donated in the form individually donat- Patwardhan Ravi Out of this amount, Ar. in memory of ed Rs. 1,05,000/- (Rs One lakh five thousand) indeed of A noble gesture Patwardhan. Varun his late son Ar. ‘giving back to the society’ by architects! on May 22, in collab- was organised by Navi Mumbai Centre It was well-attended with oration with Asahi Glass India AIS. personnelAIS typesthe explaining us- suitable its and glass of age. Another webinar was held on water-proofing technology Dampness needs no Doors on May 29. Jayant Dharap on May 15, by Ar. organised a presentation Ar. Travelled. The Cave that project, on his award-winning landscapewell-known a is Dharap Pune in based designer ‘cave’ the aspect explored of a ferro-cement and this project coupled with the logistic challenges of transporting the cave June 5, in Kerala. An online event is planned for to Wayanad Day as well. Environment on the occasion of World IIA-Kerala Chapter IIA-Kerala Vaccination Drive for the IIA Members, and Staff Family Drive for Vaccination facili- with Aster Medicity Chapter together IIA-Kerala the COVID Pandemic Initiatives for and architecture of the pandemic With the backdrop socialon talk A post-COVIDand health called world Pedagogy and Profession effective collaborationAs an initiative to ensure be- IIA Surakshitham Scheme The IIA Surakshitham Scheme is a benevolent scheme, tated vaccination for its members, The camp family and staff. for tated vaccination Kerala Chap- of the state. The in various cities was organized vaccination slot for as getting a this programme ter initiated long required vaccination centres the government through executed. was well conceived and flawlessly The project waiting. - IIA-Kerala Chapter re home, from largely working practices verti- the of activities continuing and initiating active mained Min- to the Chief donating generously cals online. Along with Smt. Fund, the Chapter sent a letter to ister’s Disaster Relief assis- offering of Kerala minister K.K. Shailaja, then-health effective level needs, design assistance for tance at the district digi- through awareness spaces and to propagate COVID care also construction workers. The Chapter tal media and among - aware sites, spreading strict protocols for proposed creating con- the assist to vaccine avail to workers helping and ness The Social and effectively. struction sector to function safely Monolita initiated a vaccine drive led by Ar. Security Vertical Chatterjee. The Chapter helped IIA members and their staff in Kerala. avail of vaccine doses in various hospitals and Professor former Sasidharan, by Dr. HEAL-THY INDIA Govt. Medical Head, Dept. of Medicine and Haematology, 19, 2021. He explained College, Kerala was organized on May better for physical the importance improvement of lifestyle members. hundred and mental health to an audience of a and academic practices, the Pedagogy tween architectural for the term Cell’s first initiative of the vertical and Profession to guide architects Series by prominent was an Impact Lecture sessions. The first undergraduates with interactive discussion G. Shan- Dr. by Padmashree Reimagining Architecture lecture final year was for Group, Technology of Habitat founder kar, develop their independent students to help them the- B.Arch. participation certificates and awarded They were sis projects. by IIA membersrel- guidance in the future who have offered evant expertise selected typology in the of the thesis project. based on brotherhood, Benevolent proposed by Architects mem- its for Societythe Social (ABS) under Security Vertical bers. Rs.15,00,000/- is given to the nomi- Under this scheme, memberdeceased the of nees death. the of days seven within This amount is to existing live mem- collected equally from be It is com- bers, up members, excluding paid of the Society. mendable that a considerable numbermembersof new joined Societythe as month, this ABS numberthe hopes increase to of members people. more so as to help Kolhapur Centre IIA-Madhya Pradesh Chapter Kolhapur Centre hosted a presentation by Professor

MAY 2021 MAY Louis Gyoh from UK on Smart Cities on May 15, on the occa- As we realized that our lack of preparedness to deal sion of IIA Foundation Day. with the contagion, as well as that of our health system, the members of IIA-Madhya Pradesh Chapter and its Centres Ahmednagar Centre co-ordinated efforts and resources at the community level, to IIA Foundation Day was celebrated by Ahmednagar help countless numbers of people within the fraternity and Centre by organising a blood donation camp on May 15. outside it. As oxygen became a dire necessity for treatment, fifty oxygen flow meters were made available to the needy. The survival story of Ar. Dipti Vyas and Ar. Ratish Vishwakar- ma are an example of successful team work. Relentless efforts by Ar. Shruti Purohit, Ar. Snehal Sontakke, Ar. Brajesh Sharma, Ar Puneet Pandey and senior architect Ar. Achal Choudhary along with many others helped in changing the scenario for fellow architects who were afflicted by the pandemic. An interactive, online session, INVICTUS, was organized on May 23, by Ar. Anish Pal Singh and Ar. Amber Vyas and moderated by Ar. Vinay Prakash Shrivastav and Ar. Manoj Shrimal. Ar. Jitendra Mehta, Chapter Chairman inaugurated the event. A panel of eminent doctors, Dr. Tanay Joshi, an expert in respiratory medicine, Dr. Shenal Kothari, an ENT super-specialist and Dr. Animesh Sahu, expert in cataract and oculoplasty cleared doubts and fears about COVID-19 black fungus infection, treatment and post-treatment care. After the presentation, the doctors engaged in live Q & A and discussion with the attendees. This was followed by a musical presentation by Ar. Nakul Dhagat, who is on his way to recovering from COVID. The experts were digitally felicitated by Ar. Amogh Gupta, Immediate Past Chairman of IIA Madhya Pradesh Chapter, and the vote of thanks was conducted by Ar. Vibha 106 Shrivastav. The Chapter Chairman, Ar. Jitendra Mehta, on behalf of the members, offered financial support to the students of architecture of various colleges of the state, who had lost their parents to the pandemic, to pursue their graduation.

IIA-Punjab Chapter

IIA-Ludhiana Centre IIA-Ludhiana Centre organized two seminars on March 13, 2021. The first one highlighted the role of architects as key players in the Smart City Mission. Ar. Sanjay Goel, Chairman of IIA-Punjab Chapter and a director of LSCL also shared the contributions of the Chapter’s members in urban development, local government and Smart City Mission. The second seminar, Role of Stainless Steel in Smart Built Environments was also organized on the same day in collaboration with International Stainless Steel Development Association (ISSDA). Various aspects of stainless-steel applications for a sustainable, long lasting and maintenance-free public infrastructure were presented by Mr. Rohit Kumar, Ex- ecutive Director ISSDA and Mr. Sahil Garg Executive Director Purever Rhinox, bringing together the gamut of international and national stakeholders. The chief guest for this occasion was Mr. Pardeep Sa- barwal, Chief Executive Officer of Ludhiana Smart City Lim- ited (LSCL) and Commissioner of Ludhiana Municipal Cor- poration. Ar. Harinder Boparai, Chairman of IIA Ludhiana Centre presented the vote of thanks.

IIA-Jalandhar Centre On the occasion of World Water Day on March 22, two

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL webinars were organized by IIA-Jalandhar Centre. MAY 2021 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS 107 - IIA-Rajasthan Chapter IIA-Tamil Nadu Chapter IIA-Tamil Combatting the COVID-19 Pandemic a session on The Nadu Chapter organised IIA-Tamil The speakers, who are all prominent speakers,The prominent all personalities who are in delivered speakers the by talks 15-minute The were stat- the strengthen to effort collective a conclusion, In Ar. Tushar Sogani, Chairman of IIA-Rajasthan welcomed Tushar Ar. The state of Rajasthan has been under complete lock- Role of Architects in combating the Pandemic: The case of Role of Architects of the GIDC Project Y. Sam-Awortwi (a.g.i.a), Fiifi Ghana. Ar. the way in which the community in Accra, Ghana presented state-of- worked with their government to create of architects in Accra, Ghana. COVID care the-art facilities for actively engaged with the issues of the city, included noted noted included of the city, issues with the engaged actively Ur- Phillip Dr. Stalder, Dr. Avermaete, Tom Dr. scholars– Swiss Sumit Ar. Sharma, S.D. planners– Ar. and sprung; architects Shilpa Das; and Ar. Sh. R. Sriniwas Surinder Bahga, Ar. Kaur, IAS; Sagar, Administrator– Jagdish Adviser to the UT former Pawan Bansal Chandigarh– from parliamentarians former Sangee- Dr. Garg, academicians– Jain as well as Prem and S.P. Bhandari and Harveen and Dr. Aradhana Jindal ta Bagga, Dr. localand residents with along Teotia, Manoj Dr. researcher Ad- Vinod Vashisht, stalwarts– senior Advocate Mac Sarin, Er. vocate Ajay Jagga, Vivek Atray and R K Jain. stu- the newcomers, the include as to so simplest language in an opendents and the residents The content discussion. on the circumstances information brief background covered its original vision and high- of Chandigarh, of the creation plan, crucial to evaluate the present-day lights of the original softer issues of understanding our legacy city as well as the being issues faced growth the It included forward. go we as an evaluation of the governance framework by the city today, in place todaywith its various agencies that are and the ur- a smooth for required provisions statutory gent need for Plan 2031; the dis- implementation of Chandigarh Master its made by the high powered committee for mal progress coordination with Punjab and Haryana under MO- regional in a limbo six years; effective methodsHUA currently of for Chandigarh to bring in public participation custom-suited to consensus emerged a There system. the accountability within amongst the speakers setup overloaded with that the present issues of the city and has inadequate to resolve is bureaucrats since 1984 when the office of Chief Com- actually regressed UT Administrator. missioner was converted to Adviser to Chandigarh of interests the that safeguards framework utory this event positionsneed of the hour: is the itself as a catalyst in that direction. mar, a registered yoga teacher and yoga alliance certified yoga teacher and trainer. a registered mar, other states of the country as well. several from the architects Shweta Choudhary. is The program been coordinated by Ar. down since mid-April due to the pandemic. Even during this down since mid-April due to the pandemic. as the construction home working from were time, architects fit a maintain bodyarchitects help and open. were To sites ini- and wellness health the under classes yoga online mind, held. This commenced tiatives of IIA-Rajasthan Chapter were to 7:15 from week, a days six held are classes and 17, May from Ms. Neelam Ku yoga instructor, 8:30 a.m. under prominent IIA-Chandigarh Chapter IIA-Chandigarh - series on process Carrying for of Chandigarh: Webinar 25, on March The tri-webinar series was organized Legacy webinars were– The sub-themes of individual & The first, Celebrating the Elixir of Life was in association Life Elixir of the first, Celebrating The Haryaval Movement with was Go Green The second the inspired of Jalandhar, Jagdish Raja, Mayor Mr. Head of the Department Nagendra Narayan, Prof. ward the legacy of Le Corbusier & Pierre Jeanneret. of Le Corbusier & Pierre the legacy ward organ- city-based by 2021 22, April and 2021 9, April 2021, Foundation with isations– ACT! Chandigarh and Saakaar support Ministry of Housing & Government of India from rep- Swiss Diplomatic Urban affairs (MOHUA), the official in India & Bhutan; Le Corbusier Foundation resentations Paris; Chandigarh & Punjab Chapters of Indian Institute of Association & Security Fire of India and ASSO- Architects, CHAM-GEM. The discussion marked an important departure the Chandigarh city– from rhetoric around the standard from to identi- one focusing on its conservation and preservation fying the missing links that may enable its planned growth, - realiza integration and also pave the way towards regional - tion of its original vision of setting an example of a progres Chandigarh has been stuck in a our country. sive vision for of the state of Punjab. log-jam ever since the re-organization voices of all stakeholders on one forth the This event brought this unique situation. review to comprehensively platform Vision; Functioning of the city; and Public Participation. These - 21 speakers by a total of covered each individually repre were The Swiss Ambassador within the city. senting diverse interests 2200 Ralf Heckner inaugurated the event and approximately Dr. - it online. A dozen archi and students attended professionals that organisations of the region institutes and research tecture participated also conducted in-house competitions to enable a deeper of the theme amongst their students. understanding with the Lovely School of Architecture, Lovely Professional Professional Lovely Schoolthe Lovely with of Architecture, Bah- Surinder Ar. speaker, Eminent Punjab. (LPU), University gave Chandigarh Foundation, SAAKAR Architect Principal ga, this resource. water to conserve the misuse of a talk on curbing - 100 environ over a hundred Unit) with Punjab (Jalandhar ment enthusiasts. their resolve a pledge and strengthen participants to make He also ad- environment. conservation of water and the for the importance the dressed of practices such as increasing water ground the conserving forests, more with cover green of water. and contamination IIA and Design and SchoolLovely (HOD) Architecture of all of con- He reminded member was the keynote speaker. tinuing the importance com- of water that has of awareness Water Day by the World celebrations of menced with the first United Nations in 1992. Feedback on Building Rules achal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Northern and Punjab. Members IIA-Chennai Centre is in the process of obtaining feed- from ten Chapters participated in this event, Gujarat, Haryana,

MAY 2021 MAY back on the Tamil Nnadu Combined Development and Build- Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Maharashtra, North- ing Rules, 2019 from architects practising across Tamil Nadu. ern, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. During the two- With the collated inputs, a representation will be made to the hour programme, four architects spoke on various topics relat- Government of Tamil Nadu regarding the same. ed to technology and its role: Ar. Sanjay Goel, Punjab, Ar. Ajay Sharma, Himachal Pradesh, Ar. Nilesh Suchdev, Gujarat and Ar. IIA-Telangana Chapter Hamir Smart, Maharashtra. Industry partners also presented: Mr. Anish Chopra, MD & CEO of Greenifyi Eco Technologies To commemorate World Heritage Day on April 18, Pvt Ltd. on Cold Formed Steel Frame Structures and Mr. Faizer IIA-Telangana Chapter organised an online event on April Ali Dastagir, National Head, Projects of Viva Composite Panels 17, which presented two talks by experts. The meeting was Pvt Ltd. on Building Facades and Cladding Technology. IIA-Ut- opened by Ar. D. Uday Shankar, Chairman of IIA-Telangana tarakhand Chapter also reached out digitally to commemorate Chapter and moderated by Ar. Asha Acharya and Ar. Aditya World Creativity and Innovation Day on April 21, 2021, World Singaraju, General Secretaries. Book and Copyright Day on April 23, 2021, IIA Foundation The first talk was Kakatiya Cultural Landscapes: Studies Day on May 12, 2021 and International Day of Light on May in Architecture and Heritage Status by Ar. G.S.V. Suryanaraya- 16, 2021, and is gearing up for the next virtual celebration on na Murthy, practising conservation architect. He explained World Environment Day on June 5, 2021. the detailed analysis and studies done by him regarding the famed Ramappa Temple at Warangal for nomination to UNE- International Union of Architects (UIA) News SCO World Heritage Status. This concerned the Kakatiya dy- nasty which ruled Telangana (12-14 cent.), famed for the irri- 1 UIA 2021 RIO: The First Digital UIA World Congress gation systems in the Deccan landscape through interlinked Due to the ongoing pandemic, the 27th UIA World tanks, many of which are still in use. The iconic Kakatiya Congress of Architects ‘UIA2021RIO’ was held on an entirely thoranam or gateway forms the symbol of Telangana Govern- digital platform. The online format, which drew in over 35,600 ment. Ar. Murthy described the Kakatiya construction system participants from 159 countries combined pre-recorded video with its glossy granite superstructure, lightweight ‘floating’ casts and live transmissions. The theme of the first week (March bricks and ‘sand box’ confined foundations. He showed the 22-25) was Weaknesses and Inequalities, while the second week topography and agricultural fields amidst which the Ramap- (April 19-22) addressed Diversity and Mixture through nation- pa temple has been located for centuries. This was one of the al and international experts in debates on the topics of Gender main reasons that UNESCO accepted the dossier from the and Culture; Citizenship & Heritage; Globality and Singularity. Government of Telangana and inspected the precincts of the 108 Ramappa Temple. The final decision is due soon. 2 United Kingdom: 2021 Norman Foster Travelling The second presentation Architectural Heritage of Hy- Scholarship derabad: Walking over layers of history by conservation archi- The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) has tect and author, Ar. Madhu Vottery took the audience from opened applications for the 2021 Norman Foster Travelling the twelfth century into the future, through a downloadable Scholarship which rewards one architecture student, fund- app called Hyderabad Heritage that she has developed for ing travel and exploration of sustainability and urbanism. heritage buffs. It gives a tour of almost 300 heritage sites in This year, in response to global travel restrictions, students Hyderabad with details of location, history, physical charac- can submit an alternative proposal to research a topic in teristics, routes and pictures. Ar. Madhu Vottery used the mul- their home country. Applications are welcome from students timedia representation of the app to explain the multi-layered around the world and a £7,000 grant will be awarded to the history of this 400-year-old city. winner, decided by a panel of judges including Lord Foster Prof. Ar. M. Vinod Ganesh, Senior Faculty at JNAFAU and RIBA President Alan Jones. School of Planning and Architecture concluded the session with a dialogue engaging the speakers in topics ranging from 3 USA: Convention 2021 the future of heritage, government programmes, private ini- The Annual Convention of the American Institute of tiatives, social attitudes and environment responsibilities. Architects (AIA) will be held entirely virtually for the first time this year on June 17, July 8, July 29 and August 19. Each IIA-Uttarakhand Chapter day of the Convention will focus on four main axes: Firm Re- silience, Sustainable Practice, Community Engagement and Inaugurated on April 21, 2019, the Uttarakhand Chap- Building Efficiencies, and will include seminars, networking ter (over 150 members) and its constituent Kumaun Centre activities and keynote speakers. (over 70 members) both celebrated their second anniversary through a virtual platform event on April 21, 2021. This was 4 UN-HABITAT: Call for Climate Action also attended by IIA members from other Chapters– Chattis- UN-Habitat has joined the United Nations in a call for garh, Chandigarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and climate action in preparation for the upcoming Conference Punjab. The inaugural issue of the bi-monthly newsletter of on Climate Change (COP26) to be held in Glasgow in No- the IIA-Uttarakhand Chapter titled DHVANI- Voice of Ar- vember 2021. The initiative focuses on urban areas and com- chitects from the Himalayan State of Uttarakhand was also munities and emphasizes what UN-Habitat Executive Direc- launched at this event. tor Maimunah Mohd Sharif calls the “urgent need to work A virtual seminar to mark the occasion of National Tech- with cities and national governments to reduce urban-based nology Day was organized on May 11, 2021 by IIA-Uttarakhand carbon emissions, build resilience to climate change and give Chapter, with the support of the IIA Chapters of Gujarat, Him- a voice to the most vulnerable.” JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS OF ARCHITECTS INSTITUTE OF THE INDIAN JOURNAL MAY 2021 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS 109 MAY 2021 MAY ADVERTISE WITH JIIA

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