The Ukrainian Weekly 1938

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Ukrainian Weekly 1938 Supplement to the SVOBODA, Ukrainian Daily No. 47 JERSEY CITY, N. J., SATURDAY, NOVEMBER-26,1938. VOL. VI ATTEND THE У.Я.Х. ЇОІІТН U.N.A. BASKETBALL LEAGUE s f RALLY TODAY AND Registrations have been received TOMORROW to this date from the following It Is Only Fair! cities where U.N.$|*'basketball In his daily column last Monday, William. Philip . Every young Ukrainian-American teams have 'been organized: Cleve­ Simms, foreign editor of the Scrips-Howard newspapers, within a few hours traveling dis­ land, Akron, (Ohio); Berwick, tance of Newark, who is interested Ambridge, Philadelphia, ' Newark, inferentially took the stand that it would be better if in perpetuating the achievements New York, Rochester. Carpatho-Ukraine (Ruthenia) were to be annexed by of his parents, is strongly urged More teams are needed to fill up Hungary. The resultant common frontier between Hun­ to participate today and tomorrow j the gap in the widely scattered in the First U.N.A. Youui§Rally, present, arrangement of-teams. As gary and Poland, he claims, would aid in the formation which will be held in Newark. soon as Ohio, Pittsburgh, and New of a neutral bloc of states, extending from the Baltic to Parents and other older folk are York Metropolitan areas organize the Adriatic and Black seas, which would block German cordially invited as guests. one or two more teams, the League Following is the complete pro­ will be ready to function. expansion eastwards and with it the spread of anti- gram of events: Writ^^^^lstrali8S; blanks to Semitism. Today the Athletic Director. In placing so much dependence upon Poland and Hun­ Rally Session — Beginning 1 P. G. HERMAN. gary, Mr. Simms has evidently overlooked the re||nt re­ и.—ЩШ Douglas, ІШНШ Street.. Talks:. Welcome address~^-ЩУі Wilkes Barre team, which will .be ports from Polanflof alleged secret assurances giveruby thony Shumeyko, . head of Rally present. At the dance American Warsaw to Berlin that the proposed common Hungarian- committee; What Type of Youth and Ukrainian .dance music will be Polish frontier will never be a barrier toJpSrman ехрапч U.N.A. Needs—Nicholas Muraszko, played by Chester Manasterski and President of the U.N.A.; Fraternal His Orchestra' from Pittsburgh, sion toward the east. These reports—such as that of Benefits of U.N.A.—John Kosbin; Pa. Admission to banquet and Edmondp|Daylor, Chicago^ Tribune correspondent—also dance—$1.75. Reservations must be Cultural Contributions of U.N.A. made at least several hours in ad- j imply that Hungary^ tobjpight llfrnut Germany to use —Mary Ann Bodnar; The Щ^зШІ vance. ©ress optional. Carpatho-Ulp&iine as a corridor to the Soviet Union. In Sports. Program—Gregory Herman, • Vice-President |Щи. N. А'іШШШ,І Щ Tomorrow the face3|such assurances, it is'further said, Germany's surance Benefits of U.N.A.-r5te- : ; first x>f' November Holiday Pro- ; opposition to the annexation of Carpatho-Ukraine by phen Kurlak; ,ЧЩ: Ш*ЩгАв A gram (Ustopadove Svyatto)—3Bh^| Hungary has softened. Consequently, Mr. Simms' conten­ Creative Force—Dmyigp.Halychyn, ginning at 5 P. M. (Note change of | tion that the Germanjl|jvance to the east would be stopped Recording Secretary. hour)—Elks Hall, 9^5 Springfield .The talks will Be followed by a Avenue, Irvington, N. J. by a common Hungarian-Polish frontier, created at the general discussion. — Admission is The program will feature sing­ expense ifoj^Carpatho-Ukraine, is ill-founded. fijee. ing by the Ukrainian Youth Chorus Equally ill-founded is the inference to be drawn fronv" -^/Banqact and Dance—Beginning Of N. Y. and N. Ш under the direc­ 7 P. M.—Hotel Douglas. tion of Stephen Maruseyich;"^-;/ Mr. Simms' further assertion that Poland, Rumania, Hun- Greetings will be extended by krainian' melodies played by ЩІЩЩ garyv~Inthuauia7-tatvia, and Russia-areJ^striving. more Michael Boris, Cbairman^f | Ral ly krainian Youth String Ensemble; or less successfully, to prevent the anti-Semitic contagion entertainment oannnTt6eeT~Toast- *soio3~by Anne Troscianecky; duet master will be Michael Piznak. by Genevieve Olga Karyshyn and from spreading onto its soil from Germany." It would ap­ Speakers will be Dr. Luke Myshuha, Tilly ;Paraschuk; a1 recitation£§ЯЩ§з pear, according to him, that if these strivings are success­ •recently returned from Europe, Evelyn Kalakura; and talks by;Dr. ful, if Germany is prevented from spreading this con­ and."Roman Slobodian, Fin. Sec'y Luke Myshuha,' Michael Piznak, • and Treasurer of U.N.A. A famous and Stephen Shumeyko. Dr. My,- tagion, then the danger of anti-Semitism in these coun- American author, whose name can­ shuha will recount some of his ex- ' ' tries would be at the minimum. He seems to forget, how­ not be reveajed, will also be pre­ periehces and observations as re-. sent, and say a few words. Dur­ presentative' of the U.N.A. add ever, that-anti-Semitism already exists in most of these "Obyednanye" in the negotiations countries, especially in Poland; that their governments ing the banquet too, a 'baseball trophy denoting championship in leading toward the creation of an do not take the steps they could to really check it; and the U.N.A. Baseball League for autonomous Carpatho-Ukraine. — that, furthermore, this anti-Semitism is far less the result for 1938, will be presented to the Admission 35 cents. "ЩШ of Nazi policies than of purely local conditionslpenerally economic in character. Occasional news repbrjlpindicate that it is steadily spreading, like a cancerous growth, and liberty has" her wooers-. Yet Ukraine, with -her demo­ sometimes the forms it assumes are quite virulent. And . cratic traditions, has always looked for friends among -• so, even if Carpatho-Ukraine were to be sacrificed, and the great democracies. These democracies, (htowever, in- a common Polish-Hungarian frontie^jcould stop Ger- cluding America, have always turned a cold shoulder to - many's eastward march, the dangey of anti-Semitism'in her when she was most in heed of them. The Ukrainian _ the countries mentioned, would abate very little, if at all. National Republic, for example, created some twenty Aside from all this, it is worth noting that although years ago on the basis of Woodrow Wilson's principle of Mr. Simms is very much concerned, and properly so, over national self-determination, was -eventually dealt its the plight of the 8,00.0;000 Jews in that whole region, be death ЬГор-hot bMbkraine's historic enemies, Poland or has not even a word of sympathy for the 45,000,000 U- Russia, nor by the short period of exploitation of her re­ krainians, "who in their native but enslaved land have sources by Germany, but by the Paris decisions of suffered a martyrdom unprecedented in character and the great democracies themselves, including America. scope. Nor does he seem to realize that the annexation Why? Because, as Henry Adams Gibbons wrote, an inde­ of Carpatho-Ukraine would mean not only the end of its pendent Ukraine did not .fit in with the interests of the __ autonomy—for Hungary was among the most ruthless victors of the World War. oppressors of Ukrainians before the World War—but also When, as another example, in 1932-33 the Soviet the destruction of the promising beginning of what the rulers deliberately fostered a famine in Ukraine, that took Ukrainians the world over ardently hope will be the arisal a toll of over 4,000,000 lives, America raised no voice of in the near future of a free and independent Ukrainian protest against this horrible mass murder. And the same republic, encompassing within its borders all the Ukrain­ was true during the barbaric "pacification" off Ukrainians ian territories now under Poland, Soviet Union, and by Poland in 1930. And the same is Still true' when an­ Rumania. ' . ^S other' such terroristic "pacification" is taking place now No doubt, many persons—perhaps Mr. Simms him­ in Western Ukraine under Poland. If anyone wants'proof self—look upon the possible arisal of an independent U- of all this; it will be gladly furnished him. kraine with considerable askance, if not hostility, for they Truly, it is a very dissilusioning experience to dis­ see over it the. shadow of Hitler's hand. Let such1 persons, cover that the vaunted American spirit of humanity and however, pay less attention to shadows and more to sub­ fair-play is applied only to a chosen few, and that it stance and • realities. Let them realize that tih^fctruggle ignores completely the sufferings and the aspirations of the Ukrainians are waging 'for their national freedom is the'45,000,000 iiberty-lpving Ukrainian nation. centuries-old, that thrice in the past these people enjoyed We can only hope that Mr. Simms and others make varymg'ralervals of such freedom, and that today there^ this experience but a passing one, that besides taking a . is no force strong enough to prevent them from winning warm interest in the plight of the -Jews they will take a their rightful place, in the society4>f nations. similar interest in the plight of the Ukrainians. Perhaps If Germany has any ambitions in regards Ukraine, then President Roosevelt will raise his voice in behalf the she is not the only oriesTSvery nation on the threshold^!* Ukrainians too. і &Шл*$ШШШ Я UKRAINIAN WEEKLY, ', NOVEMBER 26. 1938 ИоЩ a^——•—•* IL щіїе ^ruth c^lbout Poland THE CREATION OF POUND —a nation that perverts the principle of national self-determination to futjther her imperialistic designs upon, other nations. "POLONIA CONFUSIONE REGNATUR" ^^^S|ftUnJ)ING OF THE POLISH STATE— "POLAND IS RULED BY CHAOS" Piotr Skargq, Polish writer of XVI century.
Recommended publications
  • The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth As a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity*
    Chapter 8 The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity* Satoshi Koyama Introduction The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita) was one of the largest states in early modern Europe. In the second half of the sixteenth century, after the union of Lublin (1569), the Polish-Lithuanian state covered an area of 815,000 square kilometres. It attained its greatest extent (990,000 square kilometres) in the first half of the seventeenth century. On the European continent there were only two larger countries than Poland-Lithuania: the Grand Duchy of Moscow (c.5,400,000 square kilometres) and the European territories of the Ottoman Empire (840,000 square kilometres). Therefore the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the largest country in Latin-Christian Europe in the early modern period (Wyczański 1973: 17–8). In this paper I discuss the internal diversity of the Commonwealth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and consider how such a huge territorial complex was politically organised and integrated. * This paper is a part of the results of the research which is grant-aided by the ‘Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research’ program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in 2005–2007. - 137 - SATOSHI KOYAMA 1. The Internal Diversity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Poland-Lithuania before the union of Lublin was a typical example of a composite monarchy in early modern Europe. ‘Composite state’ is the term used by H. G. Koenigsberger, who argued that most states in early modern Europe had been ‘composite states, including more than one country under the sovereignty of one ruler’ (Koenigsberger, 1978: 202).
    [Show full text]
  • Persecution of the Czech Minority in Ukraine at the Time of the Great Purge1
    ARTICLES Persecution of the Czech Minority in Ukraine 8 Mečislav BORÁK at the Time of the Great Purge Persecution of the Czech Minority in Ukraine at the Time of the Great Purge1 prof. Mečislav BORÁK Abstract In its introduction, the study recalls the course of Czech emigration to Ukraine and the formation of the local Czech minority from the mid-19th century until the end of 1930s. Afterwards, it depicts the course of political persecution of the Czechs from the civil war to the mid-1930s and mentions the changes in Soviet national policy. It characterizes the course of the Great Purge in the years 1937–1938 on a national scale and its particularities in Ukraine, describes the genesis of the repressive mechanisms and their activities. In this context, it is focused on the NKVD’s national operations and the repression of the Czechs assigned to the Polish NKVD operation in the early spring of 1938. It analyses the illegal executions of more than 660 victims, which was roughly half of all Czechs and Czechoslovak citizens executed for political reasons in the former Soviet Union, both from time and territorial point of view, including the national or social-professional structure of the executed, roughly compared to Moscow. The general conclusions are illustrated on examples of repressive actions and their victims from the Kiev region, especially from Kiev, and Mykolajivka community, not far from the centre of the Vinnycko area, the most famous centre of Czech colonization in eastern Podolia. In detail, it analyses the most repressive action against the Czechs in Ukraine which took place in Zhytomyr where on 28 September 1938, eighty alleged conspirators were shot dead, including seventy-eight Czechs.
    [Show full text]
  • Hungary: Jewish Family History Research Guide Hungary (Magyarorszag) Like Most European Countries, Hungary’S Borders Have Changed Considerably Over Time
    Courtesy of the Ackman & Ziff Family Genealogy Institute Updated June 2011 Hungary: Jewish Family History Research Guide Hungary (Magyarorszag) Like most European countries, Hungary’s borders have changed considerably over time. In 1690 the Austrian Hapsburgs completed the reconquest of Hungary and Transylvania from the Ottoman Turks. From 1867 to 1918, Hungary achieved autonomy within the “Dual Monarchy,” or Austro-Hungarian Empire, as well as full control over Transylvania. After World War I, the territory of “Greater Hungary” was much reduced, so that areas that were formerly under Hungarian jurisdiction are today located within the borders of Romania, Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, and Yugoslavia (Serbia). Hungary regained control over some of these areas during the Holocaust period, but lost them again in 1945. Regions that belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary before the Treaty of Trianon (1920): Burgenland (Austria), Carpathian Ruthenia (from 1920 to 1938 part of Czechoslovakia, now Ukraine), Medimurje/Murakoz (Croatia), Prekmuje/Muravidek (Slovenia), Transylvania/Erdely-inc. Banat (Romania), Crisana/Partium (Romania), Maramures/Maramaros (Romania), Szeklerland/Szekelyfold (Romania); Upper Hungary/ Felvidek (Slovakia); Vojvodina/Vajdasag (Serbia, Croatia); Croatia (Croatia), Slavonia (Croatia); Separate division- Fiume (Nowadays Rijeka, Croatia) How to Begin Follow the general guidelines in our fact sheets on starting your family history research, immigration records, naturalization records, and finding your ancestral town. Determine whether your town is still within modern-day Hungary and in which county (megye) and district (jaras) it is located. If the town is not in modern Hungary, see our fact sheet for the country where it is currently located. A word of caution: Many towns in Hungary have the same name, and to distinguish among them, a prefix is usually added based upon the county or a nearby city or river.
    [Show full text]
  • SUMMARY the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle, Also Called the Dynasty Chronicle of the Romanovichi, Is One of the Most Important
    SUMMARY The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle, also called The Dynasty Chronicle of the Romanovichi, is one of the most important monuments of mediaeval Rus’ historiography. As evidenced, these two names serve to refer to the aforementioned monu- ment. The fi rst name is a traditional one; the second one has been introduced by us, since the chronicle touches upon the history of the descendants of Roman Mstislavovich (d. 1205), and hence the Principality of Galicia and Volhynia is connected to this dynasty. The typology of the above-mentioned monument is somewhat complicated, owing to its complex structure created undeniably by a broadly educated person. This monument should defi nitely be regarded as the only example of the court chronicle in the mediaeval Rus’ historiographic tradition. Therefore, we decided to use the aforementioned term, not the widely-used ‘letopis “annals”’. Seven paper manuscripts comprising The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle have been preserved until today. The oldest is the Hypatian/Ipatievskyi Codex written at the beginning of the 1420s (Ипатьевский список. Библиотека Российской академии наук в Санкт-Петербурге, шифр 16.4.4). Subsequent ones are as follows: 1) the Khlebnikov/Ostrogski manuscript – created at the end of the 1550s/ the beginning of the 1560s and most probably supplemented in c. 1637 (Хлебниковский список / Ocтpoзкьий (Хлебнiковський) список). Российская национальная библиотeка в Санкт-Петербурге, шифр F.IV.230); 2) the Pogodinski/Czetwertynski manuscript, which was completed on 23rd March 1621 in Żywotów (Новоживотів) upon the recommendation of Stefan Czetwertyński (Погодинский список / Четвертинський (Погодиньский) список). Российская национальная библиотeка в Санкт-Петербурге, шифр Пог. 1401); 3) the Bundur/Jarocki manuscript, which was completed by a monk of the Kiev monastery of St Nicholas the Hermit in Kiev, Marko Bundur, on 17th May 1651 (Cписок Я.B.
    [Show full text]
  • Connections Between Brody in Galicia and Towns in Lithuania, Silesia, and Posen Edward Gelles Abstract Some Migration Patterns
    Connections between Brody in Galicia and towns in Lithuania, Silesia, and Posen Edward Gelles Abstract Some migration patterns of Jews in eastern Europe are exemplified by tracing the movements in my ancestral background from the beginning of the 17th century between Cracow, Vilna, and Grodno, Brody, Glogau and Posen with its small nearby towns of Graetz, Lissa, and Krotoschin. Introduction In the 16th and 17th centuries the city of Prague was at the crossroads between western and eastern Europe. Horowitz, Chayes, Jaffe, Gelles and others were noted members of its flourishing Jewish community. Increasingly, there was migration to Cracow, the old capital city of Poland, and then further afield. Some of my forebears came to Lithuania and, with changing political or economic circumstances, tended to move on at different times– to Posen and Silesia in the west and southward to Galicia and Bukowina. From the former, some continued westward into Germany, and from the latter their path led eastward to the Ukraine or south to Hungary and Austria. Historical background In the course of Poland’s rise and decline over the centuries its frontiers underwent drastic changes. In the west, the borders with Brandenburg (and the later kingdom of Prussia) were subject to such changes from the time of the middle ages. There followed the three 18th century partitions of Poland between Prussia, Russia, and Austria, upheavals of the Napoleonic period, and most significantly the resurrection of the Polish Republic after the first world war and the © Edward Gelles 2017 Page 1 redrawing of borders after the second world war, involving losses of territory to Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine and gains of borderlands from Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Here Is the Entry on Podolia from the Jewish Encyclopedia (A 12-Volume Encyclopedia Published by Funk & Wagnalls, 9101-1906
    Here is the entry on Podolia from the Jewish Encyclopedia (a 12-volume encyclopedia published by Funk & Wagnalls, 9101-1906. PODOLIA: By: Herman Rosenthal, S. Hurwitz, Vasili Rosenthal Government in southwestern Russia, on the Austrian frontier (Galicia). It is a center of many important events in the history of the Russian Jews. Polish and Russian documents of 1550 mention Jewish communities in Podolia, but from tombstones discovered in some towns of the government it is evident that Jews had lived there much earlier. (For the earlier history see Lithuania and Russia; for the sufferings of the Jews in the middle of the seventeenth century see Cossacks' Uprising; for the revolt of the Ukrainians against the Jews of Podolia in the eighteenth century see Haidamacks.) Ruined by persecutions lasting for centuries, Podolia became the breeding-place of superstition and religious intolerance, which flourished there more than in any other place within the Pale. Owing to the extremely impoverished condition of its Jews, ShabbethaiẒebi, the Frankists, and the Ḥasidim found in Podolia a most fertile soil for the spread of their doctrines (see Ba'al Shem-Ṭob; Frank, Jacob; Ḥasidim). Podolia was annexed to Russia at the end of the eighteenth century. The Jewish population of Podolia in 1887 was 325,907—about 12 per cent of the general population; the Jews still live mostly in small towns and villages. The capital of Podolia is Kamenetz-podolsk. Bibliography: Orshanski, Yevrei v Rossii; Bershadski. Litovskiye Yevrei; Litinski. Ḳorot ha-Yehudim be-Podolia (unreliable); Voskhod, 1897; Hannover, Yewen Mezulah. Podolia: Population (Census of 1897).
    [Show full text]
  • Language and Language Policy in Transcarpathia Between the Two World Wars
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository of the Academy's Library István Csernicskó – Csilla Fedinec Language and Language Policy in Transcarpathia between the Two World Wars The official names and titles in the whole or in certain parts of Tran- scarpathia seen as a historical-geographical region,1 have often been adjusted to those used in Budapest, Prague or Kiev, which in itself tells us a lot about the nature of the different periods and systems. People who were living there always had to get integrated into the new system while each of the new regimes without exception incorporated or liquidated subsystems formed in the previous period. Language has always had a key role in the self-identification of nation states and individuals – as well as in the peculiar formations of regional and ethnical identity. Each regime has paid special attention to language policy, they have tried to arrange the relations between languages used in Transcarpathia in order to meet their own social, economic, cultural and political interests, so that they can have influence upon the national and linguistic identity and civic loyalty of the inhabit- ants. This is quite general practice. According to Will Kymlicka, in 20th century Europe none of the countries identifying themselves as nation states could be neutral and allow ethno-cultural and linguistic diversity. Modern states necessarily make several political decisions 1 The region known as Transcarpathia took shape as a political entity only in the twentieth century, under names that varied over time and between languages.
    [Show full text]
  • THE GALICIAN KARAITES AFTER 1945 8.1. Decline of the Galician Community After the Second World War the Face of Eastern Europe, A
    CHAPTER EIGHT THE GALICIAN KARAITES AFTER 1945 8.1. Decline of the Galician Community after the Second World War The face of Eastern Europe, and of Galicia as well, was completely changed as a result of the war, the ruin of pre-war life, the massacre of the local Slavic and Jewish population, and the new demarcation of state borders. In 1945 the city of Przemyśl with its surroundings, along with the western part and a small section of north-western Galicia were given back to Poland, whereas the rest of the Polish Kresy (Wilno region, Volhynia, and Galicia) were annexed by the Soviet Union. Galicia became a region in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. This territory embraced the L’viv (Lwów), Stanislav (Stanisławów; from 1962—Ivano-Frankivs’k), and Tarnopol’ regions (oblasti ). Centuries-long inter-ethnic relations that were established in this region also underwent a transformation. The Jewish population, which had inhabited this land since the Middle Ages, was entirely annihilated by the Nazi Endlösung of the “Jewish question.” The majority of the Galician-Volhynian Poles emigrated to Poland after 1945. The Poles who decided to stay in Soviet Ukraine became gradually Ukrainized, whereas the Ukrainians who remained in Poland were Polonized. Thus, the Polish-Ukrainian/ Ruthenian-Jewish triangle, which had existed in Galicia-Volhynia for about six hundred years, was no more. In addition to human losses, general devastation, and the disastrous economic situation, the psychological and moral climate of the region also changed irrevocably from that of the pre-war period. For many Jews who survived the Shoah, the Holocaust became a traumatic experience that forced them to abandon their religious and cultural traditions.1 Ukrainian–Polish relations became much worse because of 1 After the Holocaust, many Jews had a much more sceptical attitude to religion than before.
    [Show full text]
  • Munkács: a Jewish World That Was
    MUNKÁCS: A JEWISH WORLD THAT WAS Anna Berger BA (UNSW), MA (Sydney University) A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Hebrew, Biblical and Jewish Studies The University of Sydney July 2009 Contents Declaration iv Abstract v Dedication vi Acknowledgements vii Chapter 1. Introduction Aims of this thesis 1 Chapter 2. Methodology 3 Searching for sources 3 Published material 6 Oral histories and Survivor testimonies 7 The process of obtaining oral histories 9 Chapter 3. Munkács: A brief history 12 Chapter 4. The Jews of Munkács 18 Munkács cityscape 20 Family life 23 Making a living 27 The home 34 Shabbat and Jewish Festivals 39 Transport 46 Social life in the city 48 Youth groups 53 The Hasidim 55 ii Jewish communal governance and general politics 58 Zionism 60 Education 61 Chapter 5. Inter-ethnic relations 70 Jewish – Rusyn relations 71 Jews, Hungarians and Germans 72 Jews and Gypsies 73 Jewish – Czechoslovak relations 74 Chapter 6. Death of a community 76 Post Liberation 81 Chapter 7. Conclusion 82 Bibliography 83 Appendixes: 1. The Interviewees 86 2. Pre-interview letter and questionnaire 89 3. Interview questionnaire 91 4. Munkács/Mukačevo Photographs 94 iii Declaration I certify that the contents of this thesis have not been submitted for a higher degree to any other university or institution. The extent to which I have availed myself of the work of others is acknowledged in the text of this thesis. iv Abstract Prior to World War II an estimated 11 million Jews lived in hundreds of communities throughout Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Religion in the Formation of Ukrainian Identity in Galicia?
    Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 36 Issue 5 Article 5 10-2016 The Role of Religion in the Formation of Ukrainian Identity in Galicia? Jan Ladzinski University College London Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Eastern European Studies Commons Recommended Citation Ladzinski, Jan (2016) "The Role of Religion in the Formation of Ukrainian Identity in Galicia?," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 36 : Iss. 5 , Article 5. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol36/iss5/5 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ROLE OF RELIGION IN THE FORMATION OF UKRAINIAN IDENTITY IN GALICIA? Jan Ladzinski Jan Ladzinski is a Polish second-year M. R. in East European Studies at the University College London. He graduated from the London School of Economics with a BA in History. He is interested in interactions between various identities of the borderlands. It could be argued that the Ukrainian identity proved to be dominant in Eastern Galicia, when West Ukrainian People's Republic was proclaimed in November 1918 and agreed to unite with the rest of Ukraine the following month. However, the Ukrainian identity, understood
    [Show full text]
  • Jewish Identities in Synagogue Architecture of Galicia and Bukovina
    Published in Ars Judaica: The Bar-Ilan Journal of Jewish Art, 6 (2010), 81–100 and reprinted at The Routes to Roots Foundation (www.rtrfoundation.org) with permission from the publisher, Ars Judaica: The Bar-Ilan Journal of Jewish Art Jewish Identities in Synagogue Architecture of Galicia and Bukovina Sergey R. Kravtsov The present article discusses how Jewish identities were loyal Habsburg subjects of the Mosaic faith. Many Jews constructed through the synagogue architecture of the played active roles in promoting this move, inspired by easternmost provinces of the Habsburg Empire – Eastern the Enlightenment, as it contributed in their eyes to Galicia (hereafter Galicia) and Bukovina – until World the modernization of Jewish society. However, other – War I. quite numerous – groups of Jews preferred to hold fast to Defining the inferior status of Jewish communities by their traditional beliefs and practices. This split led to means of architecture was an objective of the dominant construction of Progressive, traditionalist, and even more society in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until its specific identities in Jewish sacred architecture in Galicia partition in 1772. In the urban space, Catholic supremacy and Bukovina. was emphasized by the dominant location, height, and The array of Jewish groups included the adherents of refinement of churches and monasteries. The clergy and the Enlightenment, or maskilim (literally, “educated”), the burghers tried to prevent construction of synagogues in Hasidim, and the mitnagdim, traditionalist opponents of the town centers and on streets on which Christian the Hasidim. The enlightened Jews welcomed Austrian- churches were located and where they held their German culture in the first half of the nineteenth century, processions; they also limited synagogue height and and gradually shifted towards a Jewish-Polish identity tried to ensure that synagogues’ exterior design was in a later period, especially after 1873, when the Polish unpretentious.1 autonomy of Galicia was established.
    [Show full text]
  • The Song My Little Town of Belz
    Belz Belz, my little town of Belz בעלז .Pol. Bełz, Ukr. Белз, Yid The little house where I spent my childhood! The songMy Little Town of Belz (version sung by Adam Aston, written by Jacob Jacobs) Princely town ¶ Belz is located the focus of dispute between the rulers near the border with Poland between of Poland, Hungary, and Lithuania. In two tributaries of the Bug River – the 1377–1387, the town came under Hun- Solokiya and Richitsa. According to the garian rule. In 1377, Duke Władysław of most widespread hypothesis, the town’s Opole – the governor of the Palatinate name comes from the Old Slavic bełz or of Ruthenia appointed by King Lajos I of bewz, meaning a muddy, damp area. In Hungary and Poland – granted the town the Boyko dialect, the same word means with the Magdeburg law. In 1387, Queen a muddy place difficult to get through. Jadwiga (Hedwig) of Poland removed Another theory links the town’s name Hungarian palatine from Ruthenia and with an Old Ruthenian word бълизь incorporated that territory into the (a “white place,” a lawn, or clearing, in Kingdom of Poland. A year later, her the midst of a dark forest). ¶ Belz is one husband Władysław II Jagiełło handed of the oldest towns not only in Ukraine, that land over to Siemowit IV, Duke of but also in Eastern Europe. Its first Masovia. In 1462, the town became the mention dates to the Old Rus chronicle capital of Belz Palatinate, created after Tale of the Bygone Years (also known as the incorporation of the Land of Belz the primary Chronicle), which men- into the Polish Crown.
    [Show full text]