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Chapter 2: Missoula County Profile

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Chapter 2: Missoula County Profile CHAPTER 2: MISSOULA COUNTY PROFILE INTRODUCTION This chapter is a profile of Missoula County's human and natural resources. The information provides an overall picture of existing conditions and projected trends for the life of the Growth Policy.1 More detailed information and analyses are available from other sources including regional land use plans and issue specific plans. The Missoula Community Health Assessment presents demographic, infrastructure, and health indicators for the community to improve the health of Missoula County communities. The PLACE2 project provides natural and cultural resource information for government, landowners, and community groups to use during review of subdivision and open space projects. This chapter is organized into the following sections: A. Land Use and Development Patterns E. Local Services B. Population F. Public Facilities C. Housing G. Natural Resources D. Economic Conditions H. Cultural Resources Projected trends in this chapter are based on forecasts for the 20 year life of the Growth Policy. Longer term changes and trends may be predicted based on climate change. According to a Geos Institute report for the Missoula area3, potential changes with a high degree of certainty in Missoula County include: 4 • Up to 2-5 degrees F warmer by 2035-2045. 5 • Lower and extended low stream flow in late summer with warmer overall stream temperatures. 6 • Earlier and greater spring runoff. 7 • Shifts in species ranges for wildlife and plants. 8 • Greater likelihood of severe wildfire. 9 • Increased spread of invasive plants and animals. Potential implications of climate related changes are described in a background document provided to participants in a ClimateWise workshop held in 2011.10 It concludes that Missoula County may also be impacted by changes occurring in other parts of the country. Among the 11 concerns identified at the workshop were: • More people moving to the area due to sea level rise and other climate change impacts in other parts of the country. 1 MCA 76-1-601(2)(3). 2 Practical Landscape Assessment for Conservation and Enhancement (PLACE), Missoula County Community and Planning Services 3 Future Climate Conditions in Missoula County and the Western Montana Region, Geos Institute, August 2011. 4 Ibid, pages 8, 15-18. 5 Future Climate Conditions in Missoula County and the Western Montana Region, Geos Institute, August 2011, pages 8, 23-24. 6 Ibid, pages 8, 24, 34. 7 Future Climate Conditions in Missoula County and the Western Montana Region, Geos Institute, August 2011, pages 8, 34. 8 Ibid, pages 8, 10-13, 24-25, 30-34. 9 Future Climate Conditions in Missoula County and the Western Montana Region, Geos Institute, August 2011. Pages 25, 34. 10 The People, Economy, Land, and Resources of Missoula County and Potential Vulnerabilities to Climate Change, Headwaters Economics, June 2011. 11 Missoula County Climate Action: Creating a Resilient and Sustainable Community. M.E. Koopman, J. Alban, B. Randall, M. Haggerty, and R. Rasker. 2011, pages 22-58. Missoula County Growth Policy 2005 Update Page 2-1 Chapter 2 Amendments were approved February 2014 • Increased demand for domestically produced energy, leading to increased land use for local production and new transmission corridors. • Increased demand for water from a growing population. • Higher land prices making it more expensive to produce local food. • Disproportionate effect of climate change on low-income populations. • Food production capacity may become even more important, since it is projected that our region may be less severely impacted by climate change than other food producing regions. Preparation for and adaptation to potential impacts from climate change will need to be considered for the long term. Adapting to climate change and its potential impacts poses challenges and opportunities for managing resources, infrastructure, and the economy. COUNTY OVERVIEW Missoula County encompasses 1,675,584 acres, or approximately 2,600 square miles, which is roughly equivalent to the size of Delaware. Missoula County ranks 25th for land area among Montana counties. Approximately 104,678 acres in the County are located within the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes’ Flathead Reservation. As of 2010, there were an estimated 109,299 residents in the County, which ranks second in the State for population, behind Yellowstone County. Missoula County has a population density of 42 persons per square mile, which is significantly denser than the State’s population density of 6.4 persons per square mile. Missoula County is governed by the Board of County Commissioners, which has three members who serve six-year terms. Within the County, there are numerous unincorporated communities and one incorporated City (Map 1). Seven communities have a Community Council that acts a liaison between the citizens of the Community Council and the County Commissioners to advance and promote the interests and welfare of the citizens. The Community Councils include: ● Bonner Milltown ● East Missoula ● Evaro-Finley-O’Keefe ● Lolo ● Seeley Lake ● Swan Valley ● West Valley The incorporated City of Missoula has an estimated 66,788 residents and is the County Seat. The City is governed by a Mayor and City Council, which has 12 members who represent six wards. A. LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS This section provides an overview of current and projected land use and development patterns in Missoula County based on land ownership, land uses based on tax assessment, recent development patterns, and potential future development. LAND OWNERSHIP Almost 60% of the land within the County is managed by State, Federal, or local government entities, with Tribal lands accounting for an additional 5.8% (Table 1, Figure 1). Almost 35% of the County is within private ownership, of which 10% is owned by Plum Creek Timber Company, Inc. (PCT). Most of the private non-corporate land (321,077 acres) is located on the valley floors. Private land ownership in the County has decreased from 736,648 acres in 2005 to 576,916 acres in 2012. This is a result of a transfer of private Plum Creek land to public ownership via the Montana Legacy Project. Map 2 depicts land ownership in Missoula County. Missoula County Growth Policy 2005 Update Page 2-2 Chapter 2 Amendments were approved February 2014 TABLE 1. OWNERSHIP OF MISSOULA COUNTY BY ACRE, 2014 General Ownership Acres Percentage Private Lands 567,080 33.8% Plum Creek 166,010 9.9% FVLT 200 0.0% Other Private 322,627 19.3% The Nature Conservancy 78,243 4.7% Federal Lands 834,669 49.8% Forest Service 814,021 48.6% BLM 20,621 1.2% Military (Dept. of Defense) 16 0.0% U.S. Government 10 0.0% State Lands 156,884 9.4% State Trust Lands 95,823 5.7% University System 21,122 1.3% MDOT 360 0.0% MT Fish, Wildlife, and Parks 39,579 2.4% Tribal Lands 97,801 5.8% CSKT Lands 96,366 5.7% Individually-owned held in Trust by BIA 1,435 0.1% Water 9,862 0.6% City, County, Other 9,008 0.5% Total Area 1,675,304 100% *Parcels smaller than 40 acres are not distinguished from their surrounding land ownerships. For instance, small parcels of city land are included within the private lands acreage. Depending upon the source, county acreage totals vary due to data source’s map projection and scale. (Montana State Library) FIGURE 1. LAND OWNERSHIP Water General City, County, 0.6% Tribal Lands Other Ownership 5.8% 0.5% Private Lands State Lands Private Federal Lands 9.4% Lands State Lands 33.8% Tribal Lands Federal Lands Water 49.8% City, County, Other FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL OWNERSHIP Within Missoula County, over 59% (989,627 acres) of the land is publicly managed, an increase 18.7% (156,144 acres) since 2005. The U.S. Forest Service owns over 804,721 acres (48.1%) of all land in the County that includes portions of the Lolo, Flathead, and Bitterroot National Forests. It increased its ownership by over 104,000 acres since 2005. The majority of this land was divested from PCT land through the Montana Legacy Project. Missoula County Growth Policy 2005 Update Page 2-3 Chapter 2 Amendments were approved February 2014 U.S.F.S. lands are managed under Land and Resource Management Plans, also known as Forest Plans. In 2012, the U.S.F.S. established administrative procedures to develop, revise, or amend forest plans.12 The Flathead National Forest began revising its land management plans in August 2013. The Bitterroot and Lolo National Forest Plans updates have not been scheduled. The State owns 161,466 acres (9.7%), an increase of 57,575 acres from 2005. The Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation owns over half of this land in the form of State school trust lands. The land generates revenue for Montana’s schools, primarily through agriculture, grazing, mineral and timber extraction, and special uses. Special uses include leasing the land for residential housing, as well as commercial and industrial purposes. DNRC’s Real 13 Estate Management Programmatic Plan guides the use of trust lands for real estate projects. Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks (FWP) has increased its ownership since 2005 from roughly 14,000 acres to almost 38,205 acres. FWP owns wildlife management areas, fishing access sites, and state parks which contribute to the County’s resources, tourism, and public access. The County and City of Missoula own more than 2,675 acres. County-owned land includes County Parks, the Missoula Fairgrounds, the Development Park, and portions of Fort Missoula. The majority of city-owned land is within the City of Missoula's Conservation Lands system. Tribal Ownership A portion of the Flathead Reservation is located within Missoula County. The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes own over 95,000 acres with Missoula County.
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