2014 - 2015 h o m e / c o n t e n t s contents

1 Foreword 3 2 About Oxfam 5 3 The Right To Be Heard 12 4 gender justice 31 5 saving lives 43 6 sustainable food and natural resources 73 7 Financing for development 102 8 OUR supporters 115 9 income and expenditure 122 10 contact 129

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s e c t i o n 1 foreword

Many times in our lives, This was the year that outrage at economic Our humanitarian work is strengthening, in a year inequality caught ablaze. Underpinned by robust that saw us respond to more than 50 conflicts we are called upon to be evidence and credible economic voices, and before and natural disasters. We faced up to unrelenting courageous. I experienced this a global audience in Davos, Oxfam played its part. suffering in Syria, we served 43 per cent of people in my youth when I had to flee in Gaza amidst the 51-day conflict, and we responded Rising inequality is a false orthodoxy – represented to the complexities of the Ebola virus. Wherever my country and start a new life best by the fact that only 62 people today own as possible, we address the causes behind these crises and the injustices that make people vulnerable much wealth as the poorest 3.5 billion people. It as a refugee in the UK. to them in the first place. We work to bolster their is a concrete barrier that blocks efforts to lift up resilience to disasters before they arrive. These times call upon no less courage from all of the poor, and it also damages economic prosperity, undermines democracy and sparks social unrest. us. The earth around us is overheating. Economic Cutting to the core of our rights-based agenda, we inequality is rapidly splitting the super-rich apart But that inequality is not inevitable. We know that helped strengthen civil society and women’s rights from the rest of us. Shocking numbers of people reversing it involves us taking on powerful elites. organizations around the world. And our fight for are being forced to flee from terrible human As I write this, we are seeing some progress. We gender justice was embedded across Oxfam as we suffering, provoking a global migration crisis. The have pushed influential bodies including the World mobilized women and girls and helped them find poor and marginalized are still always the first Bank and the IMF to tackle inequality themselves. the space to realise their leadership potential. to be forgotten or persecuted, and often left to shoulder the burden of risk, exploitation and debt. Oxfam’s work around the world gives us reason to be We confronted head-on the gross inequality optimistic. As you will read in this report, the impact and systemic failures in our global food system, In the face of all of this, Oxfam is giving people hope of our development and humanitarian programs, which still leaves one in nine people hungry every and options to make a change. We are standing in campaigns and local partnerships is proving that night. We raised the voices of small-scale food solidarity with people to claim their rights and shape we can empower people against poverty – and producers who are among those least responsible their futures around the world. The momentum win important battles. Often it is against all odds. for the crisis of climate change, yet worst behind our ambitious agenda is gathering apace. affected by the droughts, floods and shifting

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seasons that it exacerbates. We championed I feel honoured to be a part of Oxfam – a the land rights of communities in countries like community of 10,000 passionate staff, more than Sri Lanka and Cambodia, exposing illegal land 3,500 partners, 50,000 volunteers, many donors, grabs and an investment trail that led us to the campaigners, allies and other supporters. We are World Bank’s private sector lending arm, the grateful to all of you for your contribution to the IFC, pushing them to fundamentally change their struggle against poverty and injustice – thank lending practises. And we confronted head-on the you. Together in 2014/15 we reached over 25 most powerful corporate actors in the global food million people in 94 countries. chain, ranking, praising and shaming the 10 largest food and beverage companies in the world through As we tackle injustice, disrupt power structures our Behind the Brands campaign – and critically and increasingly operate within spaces that changing their supply chain policies as a result. would rather deny citizens their voice – I know that we need to be political, and our journey will Change at Oxfam doesn’t only happen on the not be easy. But we have momentum, we have outside. As the epicenters of power and poverty more allies from unexpected places, and we have rapidly shift, Oxfam too is re-inventing itself more people powerfully exercising their rights. to meet this changing world. We aim to be an international organization in equilibrium – with Join us. leadership in the South as well as the North – rooted and acting within global social justice movements to influence decision-makers and enabling people to claim their rights. Our work and shape is changing; our mission endures. Winnie Byanyima Executive Director Oxfam International

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 4 h o m e / s e c t i o n 2 a b o u t o x f a m

s e c t i o n 2 about oxfam

Who We Are & What We Do All of Oxfam’s work is framed by our commitment affiliation agreement. The Oxfam International to five broad rights-based aims: Secretariat provides co-ordination and support One person in three in the world lives in poverty. • the right to a sustainable livelihood to the confederation. All affiliates share a single Oxfam is determined to change that world by • the right to basic social services Strategic Plan that provides the shared agenda mobilizing the power of people against poverty. • the right to life and security for all affiliates to choose the approaches and • the right to be heard themes of work that will enable them to achieve Around the globe, Oxfam works to find practical, • the right to an identity the most impact in their specific contexts. innovative ways for people to lift themselves out of poverty and thrive. We save lives and help rebuild The 17 Oxfam affiliates share a common vision, To ensure delivery of that Plan, all Oxfam affiliates livelihoods when crisis strikes. And we campaign common philosophies and, to a large extent, have committed to improving the way we work so that the voices of poor people are heard and common working practices. We all have the same together. By 2020 we will: can influence the local and global decisions that brand values, the same passion and commitment. • Become more globally balanced: bringing affect them. In all we do Oxfam works with partner We have joined forces as an international people from the North and South together, organizations and alongside vulnerable women and confederation because we believe we will in equality, including through stronger men to end the injustices that cause poverty. achieve greater impact by working together in representation, power and influence from collaboration with others. the global South; We are a confederation of 17 Oxfam organizations • Strengthen our ability to influence by building working together in more than 90 countries. Oxfam Oxfam International is registered as a Foundation and sharing knowledge within and beyond Oxfam; has more than 10,000 staff and nearly 50,000 in The Hague, Netherlands. Each affiliate is • Simplify and streamline our ways of working, interns/ volunteers working across the world. a member of the Foundation and subscribes especially in country programs, diminishing to the Foundation’s constitution through an complexity while remaining inclusive and open.

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Oxfam Strategic Plan Goal 2: Advancing Gender Justice Goal 5: Fair sharing of natural resources By 2019: More poor and marginalised women By 2019: The world’s most marginalised people Between 2013-19, all Oxfam affiliates have will claim and advance their rights through the will be significantly more prosperous and committed to working to achieve six ‘External engagement and leadership of women and their resilient, despite rising competition for land, Change Goals’ and six ‘Enabling Change Goals’, organisations; and violence against women will be water, food and energy sources; and stresses as set out in the Oxfam Strategic Plan ‘The Power significantly less socially-acceptable and prevalent. caused by a changing climate. of People against Poverty’. This provides the framework for all affiliates’ work in all countries in Goal 3: Saving lives, now and in the future Goal 6: Financing for development and which Oxfam operates. By 2019: By reducing the impact of natural universal essential services

disasters, fewer men, women and children will By 2019: There will be higher quality and quantity External Change Goals: die or suffer illness, insecurity and deprivation. of financial flows that target poverty and 6 Goals to change the World Those most at risk will have exercised their right inequality, and empower citizens, especially

to have clean water, food and sanitation and other women, to hold governments, donors and Goal 1: Active Citizens fundamental needs met, to be free from violence the private sector to account of how revenue By 2019: More women, young people and other and coercion, and to take control of their own lives. is raised and spent. More women, men, girls poor and marginalised people will exercise civil and boys will exercise their right to universal and political rights to influence decision-making Goal 4: Sustainable food quality health and education services, making by engaging with governments and by holding By 2019: More people who live in rural poverty will them full participants in their communities governments and businesses accountable. enjoy greater food security, income, prosperity and strengthening the economic, social and and resilience through significantly more democratic fabric of their societies. equitable sustainable food systems.

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Enabling Change Goals: 6 Goals Goal 3: Strengthening accountability By 2019: Goal 6: Income strategies to change the way we work Oxfam will be able to demonstrate that our By 2019: A step-change in investment, commitment to strengthened accountability fundraising and cooperation among affiliates will Goal 1: Creating a Worldwide contributes to greater impact. secure €100m-€300m more than our forecast Influencing Network income, and position us to match our future By 2019: There will be profound and lasting Goal 4: Investing in people ambitions to significantly increase the scale and changes in the lives of people living with By 2019: Oxfam will be an agile, flexible network impact of Oxfam’s work. poverty and injustice as a result of a worldwide of organisations with skilled and motivated staff influencing network united by a common vision notes to map on following page and volunteers delivering the change goals. 1. numbers are rounded. We consider direct beneficiaries all project for change, that will demonstrably amplify our participants if they are engaged in project activities and have direct access (benefit) to the products / services of the project. We additionally impact, bolster our international influence and include those who, without being engaged in project activities, also Goal 5: Cost effectiveness obtain direct benefit from activities / products / services of the project if the following three criteria apply concurrently: 1) non-project support progressive movements at all levels. participants are explicitly identified as intended direct beneficiaries in By 2019: Throughout the period of the Strategic the project plan; 2) the benefit has occurred during the relevant financial year (2014/15), i.e. at the time of counting, the benefit should already Plan, Oxfam will be cost-effective in all aspects of have materialized with sufficient certainty that the access (benefit) Goal 2: Program quality, monitoring, is direct rather than potential (if doubts existed as to the occurrence or its work. Savings released by cost effectiveness materialization of the access (benefit), the beneficiary was not counted); evaluation and learning (MEL) By 2019: 3) there is a direct relationship with the project participants (usually measures will be reinvested in the achievement through being part of the same household). 2. this figure is based on Oxfam’s joint output reporting. We counted as Oxfam will be able to demonstrate that it has of the Strategic Plan goals. partnerships those funding relationships with autonomous, independent, accountable organizations that are mediated by a written contractual created a culture of evidence-based learning and agreement and where Oxfam has contributed funding during the FY 2014/15 to achieve shared specific or long-term goals. Partnerships innovation that has contributed to progressive that did not involve funding were only reported if the relationship was based on a written agreement; or if the relationship was established at improvement of program quality and increased least one year ago and the partner was actively involved in the different stages of the project management cycle including planning & design, our accountability and our capacity to achieve implementation and MEL. Institutional, suppliers, consultants and contractors have not been considered as partners. transformational change in people’s lives.

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 7 h o m e / s e c t i o n 2 a b o u t o x f a m 354 Partner 307 organizations Partner organizations Numbers of direct beneficiaries in 2014/15. MEMAG & western 193 Partner EEFsu organizations europe 2,700,ooo 2 3,252 300,000 direct beneficiaries Partner direct beneficiaries organizations West 48% 60% Women & Girls AFRICA Women & Girls 3,400,000 direct beneficiaries

61% 986 Women & Girls Partner TOTAL organizations (incl. affiliate home countries and OI advocacy offices) 25,200,0001 ASIA 60 direct beneficiaries Partner organizations 9,100,ooo direct beneficiaries 56% 54% 333 Women & Girls north Partner Women & Girls organizations KEY americA 221 Partner 50,000 535 organizations 135 % national NGOs direct beneficiaries Partner Partner organizations HECA organizations including women’s organizations

% INGOs 39% 7,200,000 Women & Girls Southern direct beneficiaries % government and public sector LAC AFRICA 57% PACIFIC % academic, training & research 1,000,000 1,100,ooo Women & Girls 350,ooo % Other (incl. Networks, direct beneficiaries direct beneficiaries direct beneficiaries UN agencies and private sector) 54% 65% 54% Women & Girls Women & Girls Women & Girls

This year is the second year that we are using a joint approach to how we count beneficiaries and partners. It is not always possible to actually count each and every project participant. So, we often work with estimates. In Burundi and Chad it was not possible to provide any data on direct benefits and partners this year. Our data for Yemen is, due to the very difficult situation in the country, only provisional. Through clear guidelines and thorough quality checks we try to ensure that the data we publish is reasonable. As partnerships we have included both relationships that involve funding from Oxfam as well as relationships that do not involve any funding but that are driven by shared objectives. Oxfam works in many different ways with civil society, academia as well as local and national government authorities, among others, to end poverty. Especially when we work to achieve more fundamental changes such as changes in policies or attitudes, the benefits to communities are often not immediately felt but may take years to materialise. In fact, a lot of our programs focus more and more on those fundamental changes. FOOTNOTES 1 and 2 ON PREVIOUs PAGE 8 h o m e / s e c t i o n 2 a b o u t o x f a m

number of direct beneficiaries by main external change goal right to be heard 2,400,000 6.4% 9.6% gender justice 11.6% 2,900,000 20.8% saving lives 12,900,000 sustainable food & natural resources 5,200,000 51.6% Financing for Development 1,600,000

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number of active projects by main external change goal right to be heard 505 9.8% gender justice 20.7% 323 saving lives 33.1% 564 13.2% sustainable food & natural resources 806 23.2% Financing for Development 238

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number of partners by main external change goal right to be heard 868 10.4% gender justice 25.3% 490 saving lives 576 33.2% sustainable food & natural resources 14.3% 1,134 16.8% Financing for Development 357

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 11 section 3 the right to be heard

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 12 h o m e / s e c t i o n 3 t h e r i ght to be heard

Together with more than 850 partner organizations we reached 2,400,000 beneficiaries in more than 500 projects

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s e c t i o n 3 contents

3.1 introduction 15 3.2 csOs push for equality on the world stage 16 3.3 Playing fair – humanitarian response in Lebanon 18 3.4 inclusivity and leverage, Vanuatu 20 3.5 women transform the political landscape, Bolivia 23 3.6 Achieving fiscal responsibility, Ghana 24 3.7 consumers at the heart of water provision, Tajikistan 26 3.8 A golden opportunity in Senegal 29

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section 3.1 Introduction

Oxfam ensures that the Oxfam enables civil society organizations to Creating sustainable change is a complex voices of citizens are heard foster and amplify the voices and concerns and long-term journey. Oxfam celebrates the of millions of people around the world and in courage and resourcefulness of its partners and responded to by policy doing so makes sure that their concerns and and allies and the communities with whom it makers and those in power. It rights are harder to ignore. It also works with works, who often in the face of great adversity, creates the spaces in which government and international institutions continue to fight so that citizens the world over to help them to become more inclusive, can have a greater say in decision-making. dialogue can take place, responsive, transparent, and accountable in transforming interactions their decision-making. Without civil and political rights, including the and contributing to important space to assemble, organize, and collectively This section includes a snapshot of inspiring push for the resources and opportunities that changes in government stories that show how Oxfam and its partners people need to survive and thrive, it will never policy that have potential are working with citizens to protect and be possible to achieve the sustainable change to reduce inequality and strengthen their civil and political rights. that Oxfam wants to see in the world. Despite challenging circumstances, they are achieve a substantial impact making their voices heard by those in power on poverty reduction. and achieving real changes in their lives.

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section 3.2 CSOs push for equality on the world stage

The G20 grouping exerts views and needs of marginalized sections of Network (REBRIP) to organize a parallel meeting substantial influence on world their populations. to ensure that messages about sustainable and equitable development were heard. Government economics and politics. Within The Empowering Civil Society Networks program officials attended the meeting to engage in the G20, countries with rapidly strengthens the capacity of CSOs to collectively dialogue with an audience of over 500 people, emerging economies such engage in global policy making arenas such setting a precedent for collaboration to help as the G20, BRICS and the UN. It is at these shape the Bank’s future investments in Brazil. as the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, critical policy-making arenas that global rules India, China, South Africa), concerning trade, tax, economic growth, climate The tactics used in Brazil also impacted on work Mexico and Indonesia play change, and development are set, and at which in other countries. In South Africa, the Economic the issues and concerns of poor people must be Justice Network (EJN) mobilized public concern an increasingly pivotal role heard, if the benefits of development are to be about inequality in society and South Africa´s role in global-level negotiations realized for everyone. in global development, resulting in an invitation on issues such as poverty, to regular meetings with the Department of The New Development Bank, spearheaded by International Relations and Co-Operation (DIRCO), inequality and climate change. the BRICS will provide an alternative source chaired by the BRICS Sherpa, Anil Sooklal. of funding to the American and European- Oxfam is therefore working hard to create dominated World Bank and International In India, Wada Na Todo Abhiyan (WNTA) is using spaces for civil society organizations (CSOs) Monetary Fund. A high-level meeting of BRICS well-researched data to influence government from each of these seven countries to take a leaders in Fortaleza, Brazil (July 2014) provided policy on religious, gender, ethnic and caste- leadership role in defining and representing the an excellent opportunity for the Brazilian based inequality and social exclusion.

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In Indonesia, the International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development (INFID) has special “The Empowering Civil consultative status with the UN Economic and Social Council and is now recognized by the Indonesian government as a key stakeholder in Society Networks its national development planning. program strengthens The governments of these seven influential countries have the power to change the lives of the capacity of CSOs many millions of people living in poverty within and beyond their own borders. In strengthening civil society in these countries, Oxfam is helping to collectively to build strong coalitions and social movements that can work effectively with government engage in global institutions. Future success will depend on the extent to which citizen’s voices continue to policy making arenas count in global spaces, and ultimately, in the decisions that each of these governments make to share wealth more equitably, so that millions such as the g20, of people can benefit from economic growth, not just a few. brics and the un”

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section 3.3 Playing fair – humanitarian response in Lebanon

Bordering Syria, Lebanon Before the crisis, Oxfam’s priority in Lebanon Since the Syrian crisis, Oxfam has applied the has been hardest hit by was to always root development activities within same insight and approach to ensure that communities by fostering dialogue between humanitarian initiatives benefit both refugees the refugee crisis, hosting citizens and local authorities to enhance local and their host communities. In 2014-15 local more than 1.1 million Syrian socio-economic authorities in Bcharre, development. It used “ This approach has enabled Zgharta and Ghazzeh refugees of its total population its influence to create oxfam to strengthen its as Oxfam’s partners of 4.2 million. Rather than a space for dialogue assisted more than Position as a technical living in refugee camps, between different 18,000 Syrian refugees parties, and through this lead and delivery (50 per cent of whom displaced people are dispersed increased respect for the Partner, and to enhance were women), fostering throughout Lebanon, putting needs of local people. the resilience of the relationships with huge pressure on the country’s entire community. In This approach has government departments ” southern suburbs of already weak essential enabled Oxfam to Beirut, local authorities services, and deepening social strengthen its position as a technical lead and ensured a non-discriminatory access to quality tensions due to competition delivery partner, and to enhance relationships primary healthcare for 15.000 vulnerable over scarce resources. with government departments. These are the Lebanese and Syrians at a minimum fee of USD 5. means by which humanitarian aid and sustainable In March 2015, this experience having been poverty reduction can be achieved in the future. deemed ‘best practice’ by four government

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ministries a decision was made to extend this model to another six regions of the country in 2015-16.

There are no signs that Syrian crisis will be over soon. Humanitarian agencies that bypass local authorities undermine the legitimacy of local groups and individuals who are critical for successful humanitarian responses and resilience to future shocks. Working in partnership with local authorities is not easy - processes can be highly bureaucratic and barsa sometimes human resources to implement north lebanon decisions are insufficient - but it is the best and only way to reduce potential for conflict and Children wash their hands using soap and water achieve sustainable solutions in Lebanon. supplied by Oxfam and partner agency JAK in an informal refugee settlement in Barsa. Oxfam has provided latrines, showers and sanitation equipment for the families in the settlement.

Photo © Sam Tarling/Oxfam

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section 3.4 inclusivity and leverage, Vanuatu

Oxfam’s emergency response and energy of both of these groups to enhance capacity to grow as national networks. By acting in the aftermath of Cyclone Vanuatu’s capacity for sustainable development. as a convener, or broker, and maintaining a low Yet, before 2014, they remained the two most profile, Oxfam provided the means by which Pam is well documented. marginalized groups in the country. organizations could get together, make decisions Less well known is the role and take action to make change happen. “We that people with disabilities In just one year, the establishment of two don’t step into the limelight, it is not our role,” countrywide networks focusing on youth says Oxfam’s Program Manager for Governance, assumed during the crisis, leadership and disability has resulted in the Leadership and Accountability. with Oxfam’s help, identifying voices of people from these disadvantaged the needs of vulnerable people groups gaining significant The measurement of traction in 2014-15. “ We (oxfam) don’t step success lies in the extent with a disability and influencing Into the limelight, to which the voices of Vanuatu’s national disaster Civil society organizations these vulnerable groups It is not our role ” management programs to take participating in these have started to be heard networks have grown in by decision makers. In these needs into account. strength and government institutions are now April 2014, the demands of organizations in taking their perspectives into account. the disability and youth livelihoods networks In a country where over half of the population were included in the review and development (243,000) are under the age of 25, and 12.5 per Oxfam’s support and strength lay in reaching out of the Government’s national development cent of people are registered as having a disability, to partners with disability and youth livelihoods plan. In September, the Ministry of Education there is considerable potential to harness the skills expertise, and finding ways to enhance their consulted with network members on new national

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standards for classroom construction that will ensure access for children with disability so “Civil society that they can realize their rights to education. In March 2015, after Cyclone Pam, members of the networks engaged in important national meetings organizations to raise the voice of young people and people with a disability which resulted in the rights and needs of the most vulnerable people being participating in these taken into account in government disaster management strategies. networks have grown in

It takes time to get people together to achieve common purpose but the results are worth it. strength and government As an international NGO, Oxfam walks a fine line between being an insider and outsider – working at multiple levels to harness the skills and institutions are now experience of local organizations, while also ensuring that its profile doesn’t exceed that of taking their perspectives Vanuatu’s civil society presence. into account”

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port vila vanuatu

Crimson Tula (Banks Islands), Arthur (Port Vila) and Jimmy Violet (Tanna Island) talk with Nelly Caleb between Disability Network meetings in Port Vila. Nelly is the head of the Disability Promotion and Advocacy Association (DPA) and is the leading activist for women with disabilities in Vanuatu.

Photo © Arlene Bax/OxfamAUS

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section 3.5 women transform the political landscape, bolivia

In October 2014, the big Prior to the election, women comprised just 29 political landscape in Bolivia. The President of highlight of the Bolivian per cent of Bolivia’s Assembly. The opportunity the Chamber of Deputies is now a woman and to change this dynamic came because of a 81 women MPs now have the political influence elections was not the victory Government initiative to ensure that 50 per cent push for women’s rights. “More women in the and re-election of Evo Morales, of candidates on electoral lists must be women. Assembly does not guarantee a more progressive but the triumph of ‘!parity This was an opportunity not to be missed and agenda,” says Lourdes Montero Oxfam’s Program the ‘!parity is now¡’ coalition launched a public Coordinator. “However, women have formed a is now¡’ (the “50 and 50” awareness campaign as all parties defined their critical mass and are sufficiently committed to campaign) that put women candidate lists, drawing on the experience of PR proposals that would benefit all Bolivian women.” into 49 per cent of seats in the companies to generate a groundswell of support. Now Oxfam’s work and that of its partners and two Legislative Assembly. Oxfam As the list of candidate’s was built, Oxfam provided national networks (Coordinadora de la Mujer and funded critical research for guidance for women from all four political parties Red de Mujeres Transformando la Economía) will the campaign and provided to strengthen their election campaigns. And focus on ensuring that women in the Assembly, then, when people started to vote, it worked with Senate and local governing bodies have the support for a coalition of more campaign partners to set up monitoring systems support that they need to achieve change. It will than 300 local organizations to to ensure that the parity law was applied. conduct further evidence-based research and influence from a legitimate and build the capacity and skills of organizations Oxfam’s campaigning and advocacy work with and individuals that are brokering debate and informed position. ‘!parity is now¡’ has helped to change the dialogue about women’s rights.

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section 3.6 achieving fiscal responsibility, ghana

In the summer of 2014, Ghana structural and economic reforms. In struggling country’s national budget should be used to raise had reached a state of fiscal to find cash to pay creditors, spending on health living standards for all of Ghana’s population. and education for vulnerable communities, crisis - a point at which the and especially Oxfam helped government could not continue women and children, “ as direct result of Oxfam’s partners to establish to meet the country’s national had already been lobbying, an extra $US 200 a Platform for Fiscal cut and vulnerable Responsibility debt and sustain social services. people were paying MIllion (30 per cent more through which the The government’s only option the price for the than before) was found to priorities of citizens was to ask the IMF (International mismanagement of support the most marginalized could be heard. The government funds views of 120 civil Monetary Fund) for financial and corruption. People in Ghana ” society organizations support, and with this a program were collated at a of economic restructure to Oxfam worked with the Africa Centre for Energy national forum in November 2014, and shared Policy (ACEP) to analyze how revenue from with Ghana’s President and leaders of the service debt payments. Ghana’s main export - petroleum – could have negotiating teams from Ghana and the IMF. been better used to divert some of the income It will continue to push for the transparent Oxfam’s starting point for a national campaign into health, education, and agricultural projects. auditing of mineral revenue for laws to guide with civil society organizations was that ordinary Online blogging and social media campaigns an equitable use of income generated by the citizens – those with the least resources – helped to generate public awareness and achieve mining sector. Ghana’s Minister of Natural should not shoulder the burden of Ghana’s a growing consensus that a proportion of the Resources recently endorsed this approach

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at a Chatham House conference on extractive industries in London (March 2015).

It is this coordination, from local to global, and between citizens, their government and the IMF, that makes Oxfam’s work unique. Its capacity to influence on a world stage achieved significant modifications to the bailout agreement and as direct result of Oxfam’s lobbying, an extra USD accra 200 million (30 per cent more than before) was ghana found to support the most marginalized people in Ghana. The next challenge will be to ensure that this money reaches those who need it most. Civil Having never learned to read, or been society networks have already started to track to school, Selina Fletcher learned money flows from central government to specific through word of mouth that maternal projects in their communities. And with continued health care in Ghana is free. A 30 year support from Oxfam, citizens will continue to old mother of 3, Selina makes a living exercise greater influence about how resources from selling fruit at the local market. can best be used to fund job creation, essential Photo © Abbie Trayler-Smith/Oxfam services, and ending the injustice of poverty.

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section 3.7 consumers at the heart of water provision, Tajikistan

In Tajikistan’s southern still has no access to clean water and many are providers, and public officials and now groups province of Khatlon there are reliant on intermitted water deliveries, the day- meet each month to develop ideas and build to-day reality for communities falls woefully these into water provision plans. no shortage of painful stories below this ambition. “I am a pensioner living about the lack of clean and on 244 Somoni (USD 38) a month,” says Nigorbi All stakeholders have since agreed about the accessible drinking water. Abdulloeva. “I can’t pay 140 Somoni (USD 22.00) a necessity to monitor activities and service month for water to be delivered.” providers. At present mechanisms are being Oxfam’s innovative four-year developed for involving consumers in examining the program in this district is The Tajikistan Water Supply and Sanitation quality of existing water and sanitation provision helping to change things for Project (TWISA) pilot projects in five districts against different performance indicators (quality, (Kulyab, Fakhor, access, availability, the better, and influencing Muminabad, Vose “The first important step reliability and the shape of service provision and Rudaki) provides affordability). The was to create the space for across the country. the means by which outputs of these communities can constructive dialogue between district-level projects have a say in where are also being used In 2010, the Government of Tajikistan passed a citizens, service-providers and how services to map and guide law enshrining access to drinking water for all, a will be provided and public officials ” thinking across powerful means by which Tajik citizens could hold in the future. The the country – with government and service providers to account. first important step was to create the space for a National Network of similar programs and the In a country where 40 per cent of the population constructive dialogue between citizens, service- influential Consumer’s Union urging the Government

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to involve citizens – and especially women – in the design of water programs. By 2017, Oxfam expects 85,300 more people to have access to a “By 2017, better quality of life, thanks to this approach.

Oxfam and the Union were also invited to feed Oxfam expects into Tajikistan’s National Development Dialogue with bilateral and multilateral donors – an endorsement of the influencing work already 85,300 more people achieved, and further opportunity for Oxfam to ensure that the views of ordinary citizens were taken into account. The success of the Tajikistan to have access program has also not gone unnoticed by the World Bank, which is in the process of shaping a Social Accountability Fund intended to enhance to a better quality the involvement of citizens in the design of development programs. The Bank’s loans to governments for infrastructure projects rose of life, thanks to to USD 24 billion in 2014/15, and this excellent example has contributed to providing evidence of a model that works. this approach”

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 27 home / section 3 / 3 . 7 Ta j iki stan – cons um ers at the heart of water p r o v i s i o n

Gelot village Tajikistan

Children make the round trip on their donkeys to fetch water for their families, often missing out on school. Access to safe water is a widespread problem in the country, where there are insufficient amounts of access points for drawing water from.

Photo © Andy Hall/Oxfam

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 28 home / section 3 / 3.8 a golden o pp o r t u n i t y i n S e n e g a l

section 3.8 a golden opportunity in Senegal

Senegal is a country rich in for the mining sector. In 2013, working with mining areas. President Macky Sall added his mineral resources but poor in 12 partner organisations, Oxfam engaged 54 voice, saying, “It’s not normal or good that only MPs who set up a network to build interest in 3 % of mining revenue goes to the National terms of the amount of mining mining issues. That network of MPs reached out revenue authority”. revenue that is used for the to another 150 MPs to lobby for more inclusive benefit of society. Loss of mining processes in The Ministry of Mines had advance of the draft “ If Oxfam could get MPs no option but to respond land, loss of jobs, pollution Mining Code being to understand the issues, to these concerns and and despair have characterised put before Senegal’s they would have the Oxfam is optimistic that life for small-scale farmers National Assembly. a new Mining Code will fix In March 2015, 24 Power and influence to the sum that companies who have been ejected from MPs joined religious negotiate directly with must contribute to their land with inadequate leaders in visits to the ministry responsible national development compensation. But things are mining districts to talk and cover community to communities about for the mining sector ” and environmental changing for the better. the impact of mining on protection issues. A their lives. These visits achieved media coverage third and last visit to mining communities in If Oxfam could get MPs to understand the issues, and generated public debate about the need September 2015 will be important to sustain they would have the power and influence to for transparency, inclusive policy, sustainable public interest at a critical time when MPs vote on negotiate directly with the ministry responsible development, and environmental protection in the detail of the new Mining Code.

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“We are a new voice in the public debate,” said Oxfam’s Program Coordinator. “We are creating multi-stakeholder spaces that allow “We are creating different actors to speak out and to hold their government to account. This is very important for democracy.” Oxfam will continue to help multi-stakeholder build the capacity of civil society organisations and provide the means by which citizens gain a stronger voice in developing public policy. It spaces that allow will also extend the networking model as best practice in other countries, and at a regional level so as to influence a legal framework for different actors mining across West Africa. to speak out and to hold their government to account”

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 30 section 4 gender justice

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 31 h o m e / s e c t i on 4 gender j u s t i c e working with 490 partners we reached 2,900,000 beneficiaries in more than 320 projects

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 32 home / section 4 / c o n t e n t s

s e c t i o n 4 contents

4.1 introduction - Gender Justice 34 4.2 women hold up half the sky 35 4.3 women fight for justice in mining areas, Ghana 37 4.4 Two tenacious and inspiring women, Bangladesh 39 4.5 Transforming leadership for women’s rights 41

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section 4.1 Introduction - gender justice

Oxfam strives to eliminate the For Oxfam, this means ensuring that gender challenging attitudes and beliefs at many systematic discrimination that justice objectives are included in each of its different levels, and especially in areas such as strategic ‘Change Goals’, and its staff, partners ending violence against women and girls. women and girls face around and allies have the skills and knowledge to put the world. It is only when their the rights of women and girls at the heart of all Oxfam knows that gender justice is possible rights are respected and they of its work. and its goal is to achieve sustained and widespread changes and a future in which can make their own choices; Oxfam builds the capacity of civil society women’s rights are fully respected and and when institutions respect organizations to fulfilled. Significant their needs and interests, achieve the change “ Significant achievements achievements have that they want to see been made in recent that poverty will be overcome. in the world. This could have been made in recent years and an important This is gender justice. be by strengthening years and an important part of its work is the ability of a Part of its work is to to build on success women’s rights group stories; to continue to Discrimination against women and girls is both build on success stories ” a both a cause and a consequence of poverty. to achieve dialogue push for legislation and Without collective action and broader social with institutions policy change; and to movements that endeavor to achieve equal responsible for advocacy or law reform, or research, share and replicate initiatives that rights, development and humanitarian goals will investing in initiatives to enable women to put gender justice at the heart of development be unachievable. become economically empowered. It involves and civil society.

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section 4.2 Women hold up half the sky

The moral challenge of the Women spend up to two thirds of their working patterns of unequal care provision, huge 21st century is the full week on unpaid care (Budlender, 2008). Oxfam societal changes could be achieved. knows that where governments, employers and emancipation of women. other institutions invest in care services and Launched in September 2014, WE-care (Women’s But while women and girls infrastructure, this has a long-term, positive Economic Empowerment and Care) is a global bear heavy and unequal impact on women’s lives, improving family program of research, communications and wellbeing. Women can start to look outwards. advocacy. It provides concrete evidence of responsibility for housework The potential for women’s leadership increases. women’s excessive and unequal responsibility and family care, achieving a Women and girls have more time for education, for care, and experiences of positive change, world in which women and more mobility for better jobs, get involved in to raise awareness and motivate development communal activities, and through this, they start actors to address care. Working with partners in men participate equally in to realize their rights. ten countries, Oxfam is piloting practical, local economic, political and social methodologies on unpaid care, a rarely researched activities can feel like an For Oxfam this means improved development topic apart from national time-use surveys. interventions. We see more women in uphill struggle. positions of influence in their communities With the four ‘R’s approach (Elson, Diane 2008) and organizations; more women exercising - recognizing the care work, reducing and ownership and control over productive redistributing care, and representing carers in resources; and more women benefitting from decision making spaces – the WE-care program a shift in attitudes in society. If development has already achieved meaningful results, also the practitioners better understand and address basis of future endeavors in other countries.

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 35 home / section 4 / 4 . 2 W o m e n h o l d up half the s k y “ We see more women in positions of influence in their communities ”

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 36 home / section 4 / 4 . 3 W o m e n f i g h t f o r j u s t i c e i n mi n i n g a r e a s , G h a n a

section 4.3 Women fight for justice in mining areas, Ghana

Women rely on their land to Affected by Mining (WACAM). She walked free and women with no meaningful source of income and grow and harvest enough food is still farming her land today. Manu’s activism migrant male workers. grew after gaining to feed their families. If they an understanding of “ When you get knowledge, If and when mining are in the way of an open pit her rights. “When you companies compensate you become empowered, mine, their lives can be changed get knowledge, you communities, it is become empowered, and when you become customary for men beyond recognition. Oxfam and when you become empowered, you stand up to receive this on ensures that communities, and empowered, you stand behalf of their family, and fight for your rights ” especially women, understand up and fight for your despite women having rights,” she says. ownerships of land, as their rights and entitlement to is the custom in Ghana. This denies women fair legal redress. Women from mining areas are at greater risk of access to financial resources, or control over health problems and are especially vulnerable them. Both of these factors perpetuate economic Joanna Manu lives near an active gold mine in to chemicals that are used to extract gold dependence on men, disempowering women Dumasi, one of Ghana’s major mining centers. ore. These seep into water sources and the and exacerbating other gender entrenched Back in 2007 security police from the Golden air, resulting in illnesses, including silicosis, inequalities in society. Star Resources mining company arrested her tuberculosis, diarrhea, skin diseases, and for trespass. When appearing before a judge malaria (from stagnant water). Incidents of It is critical that all injustices with mining for sentence, she knew how to defend herself sexually transmitted disease are also on the operations are dealt with, and for women, this thanks to the Wassa Association of Communities increase because of the interaction between means ensuring that they have equal access

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to representation, compensation and decision- making processes. Oxfam’s work with WACAM and the Centre for Public Interest Law (CEPIL) has proved successful in constraining the power of the mining multinationals, with many now respecting the rights of communities to Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and also including consultation with women as prerequisite for all their actions.

In gaining fair and equal compensation for loss of land and livelihood, one of the most significant changes in the regions of Dumasi and dumasi Teberebe has been an increase in household ghana income. Awareness is spreading and women’s groups attached to WACAM are organizing Wacam activists Joanna Manu, 35, and Dei Nkroumah, Dumasi, Ghana. After taking several in other mining areas such as the Teberebe Wacam workshops, Joanna Manu and other activists were able to identify two cyanide spills Goldfieds and Nkronza. Women and youth groups in 2004 and 2006. After struggling in court for over one year they were able to negotiate have also been formed in Nkwaateng and Donkro settlements with Goldenstar Resources and were eventually able to close down the mine. Nkwanta to increase participation in local

Photo © Jane Hahn/Oxfam America decision making processes.

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section 4.4 Two tenacious and inspiring women, Bangladesh

Farida Begum and Milon Rani Farida lives in a small village close to the river Tista strengthen the embankment that could have broken Sikhder are two powerful in Nilpharami District. Villagers protect their homes at any time. The livelihoods of 200 men, women and from monsoon rains with earth embankments but children were saved, and Farida received special women. Both have benefitted when these fail, fast-flowing water inundates the thanks. “We used not to take action and suffered from Oxfam’s Let her Decide land. After significant floods in 2012, Oxfam’s as a result,” she says. “This time we acted and it’s and Participate program (LHDP) partner Pollisree developed a program with great that we saved our village,” women to enable them to grow as leaders in that creates a space for their communities, and Milon was married at 13 women to gain confidence and become more aware of “ Life was tough but Milon to a man from a nearby the skills needed to challenge their right to government was tenacious. She joined village. She failed to get services and protection pregnant and suffered six injustice and inequality. They at times of flooding. a women’s group, and as years of abuse from her each share similar experiences a result attended several husband and in-laws. He of courage in adversity and Late at night in August training courses from decided to marry again, 2014, as food waters and Milon, now nearly the will and determination to rose to dangerous a local NGO, and partner six months pregnant, achieve significant change in levels, Farida knew that of Oxfam ” escaped to her father’s their communities. it was time for action. home where she gave She went to mosque, woke up the Imam, urging birth to a son. Her father was unable to look after him to broadcast flood warning messages on them so she was forced to return to her husband, system usually used for prayers. Villagers rallied to where violence increased. Living alone with her son

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 39 home / section 4 / 4 . 4 T w o t e n a c i o u s a n d i n s pi r i n g w o m e n , B a n g l a d e s h

became her only option, so she moved away and opened up a small chai (tea) stall.

Life was tough but Milon was tenacious. She joined a women’s group and as a result attended several training courses from a local NGO, and partner of Oxfam. She sought advice on developing a business plan to expand her chai stall into a small restaurant. Her income started to increase, and her son went to school. She sirajganj district now has BDT 150,000 (USD 150) in a bank and is Bangladesh respected by her community for fighting injustice, and persuading others to prevent early marriage. Like Farida Begum and Milon Rani, Mosammad Bilkis benefited from the Let Her Decide and Participate (LHDP) LHDP encourages women to form small, informal project. The LHDP project aims to empower women, ‘Adda’ (chit-chat) groups that are already to participate in decisions about their own lives and common practice in Bangladesh, practiced become role models for others, works to create a mainly by men. In doing so, they meet regularly supportive environment for women and girls in both their to share experiences, become inspired, and grow own household and within the community. in confidence – and step-by-step, assert their

Photo © Peter Caton/OxfamAUS rights and change their society by example.

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section 4.5 Transforming leadership for women’s rights

Gender equality is a Advancing gender justice is the process by which through better understanding of where power fundamental human right Oxfam, in all of its development and humanitarian lies, and how to influence it. Ultimately, this programs, endeavors to ensure women can will significantly advance gender equality and that is agreed in regional equally and effectively influence the decisions women’s rights. and international treaties, that affect their everyday lives. If women are conventions and legislation. to achieve their full rights as equal partners in A new guide - Transformative Leadership for decision-making and public spaces, deep-rooted Women’s Rights (May 2014) - explores the extent Yet the exclusion of women and lasting change is needed at all levels. to which adopting a transformative change from decision-making approach has potential to enable women and processes persists and, Oxfam’s vision is to achieve the development men to challenge structural inequalities and to of skillful, non-oppressive, inclusive, and fully realize their rights. It requires a fundamental despite gaining leadership participative leaders – men and women - who shift in power relationships – between those positions, they remain can mobilize others around a shared agenda with control over resources and decision-making disadvantaged in promoting of social, cultural, economic, and political and others who seek to develop relationships transformation, and the promotion of women’s with power-holders to achieve positive change. the kind of change that is rights. Its experience and that of its partners The approach is not uniquely Oxfam’s, but builds needed to realize inclusive and shows that working as transformative leaders on and is a synthesis of, the experiences of accountable policies. increases the impact of activism and leadership multiple feminist organizations.

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Oxfam has established a working group to embed the concept of the guide throughout the organization. Colleagues in India have “Oxfam endeavors established a training of trainers program to popularize this approach with staff and partners, including workshops to integrate this approach to ensure women within the Eliminating Violence Against Women (EVAW) program. The Guide is also being used as a basis for discussion with peers and partners, can equally and to strengthen civil society organizations, feminist and women’s rights groups in the Middle East, Latin America, West Africa and Asia and and effectively Pacific countries. influence the decisions that affect their everyday lives”

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 42 section 5 saving lives

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 43 h o m e / s e c t i o n 5 s a v i n g l i v e s we reached 12,900,000 beneficiaries across more than 560 projects working with over 570 partners

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 44 home / section 5 / c o n t e n t s

s e c t i o n 5 contents

5.1 introduction 46 5.2 introduction to conflict section 48 5.2.1 syria Crisis 49 5.2.2 south Sudan 52 5.2.3 somalia 55 5.2.4 gaza Crisis 57 5.2.5 Nigeria 60 5.2.6 central African Republic 61 5.3 introduction to natural disasters 63 5.3.1 The Balkans – flooding in the heart of Europe 64 5.3.2 cyclone Pam, Vanuatu 65 5.3.3 Flood response in Jammu and Kashmir 67 5.4 introduction to health section 69 5.4.1 Ebola response 70

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 45 home / section 5 / 5 . 1 i n t r o d u c t i o n

section 5.1 introduction

In 2014-2015, Oxfam responded Relentless and pointless destruction in South for the root causes of their vulnerability to be to over 50 humanitarian Sudan threatened famine, and conflict in Sudan addressed in the long term. This means tackling continued to kill untold numbers of people and the inequalities that make people susceptible emergencies, stretching its cause massive displacement. The 50-day war to disasters and conflict and making sure that capacity on all fronts. The in Gaza damaged infrastructure and left 2,200 their perspectives are taken into account to on-going conflict in Syria and dead, and the unique challenge of the Ebola virus mitigate future catastrophes. Oxfam also urged neighboring countries; the in West Africa resulted in a huge scale-up of the international community to protect civilians activities and need to adapt to new challenges. from violence when fleeing conflict in their own displacement of eight million This year also saw multiple extreme weather countries and across borders. people in need of urgent events including flooding in India and the Balkans assistance in Iraq; and another where heavy rains caused extensive damage to A common feature of all of these crises is that the conflict-related emergency in homes and livelihoods. In remote and inaccessible poorest people are always hardest hit. Women Vanuatu, Cyclone Pam damaged more than 13,000 are particularly vulnerable, with fewer resources the Central African Republic homes and affected 180,000 people. to face and recover from emergencies. The (CAR) where tens of thousands promotion of gender equality and women’s rights of people fled within and outside In 2014-2015, Oxfam provided life-saving is central to Oxfam’s humanitarian work, and the country, necessitated a assistance - clean drinking water, money for the reason why humanitarian programs always food, hygiene essentials and shelter – to meet include an analysis to ensure that interventions complex range of interventions the basic needs of over around 10.2 million – such as latrines or tap stands - are safe and benefitting displaced people people in crisis. It also campaigned for the accessible for use by women and girls. and residents of host countries. rights of those affected to be respected and

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International humanitarian assistance rose for a second year running to a record USD 24.5 billion in 2014. All of 2013’s largest donors gave more “The number of in 2014, and many gave their largest amounts. Despite this rise, funding still fell woefully short. In response to the scale of need in 2014, UN- people affected by coordinated humanitarian appeals requested the highest amount of funding to date – a total of USD 19.5 billion – yet a record USD 7.5 billion of humanitarian crisis requirements went unmet.

In the lead up to the World Humanitarian Summit has almost doubled (2016), Oxfam will maintain pressure on international donors and governments to be accountable for their international obligations on assistance over the past decade and protection. Oxfam would like to see bold proposals to address the crisis in humanitarian assistance, with national governments leading and is expected to the way with funding to help countries build their resilience to future disasters. keep rising”

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section 5.2 Introduction to Conflict section

More than 1.5 billion people In 2014-15, ongoing conflicts in Syria, Ukraine, Oxfam provides life-saving essentials in the live in countries that are and South Sudan all contributed to this immediate aftermath of a crisis, supporting continuing trend. As the war in Syria entered people to access water, sanitation and shelter in blighted by violence and a fifth year in 2015, at least 7.6 million Syrians a safe haven. It also seeks to tackle the injustices conflict (World Bank), and by were estimated to be displaced within their own that exist around conflict and to urge those with the end of 2013, 51 million country, and one in five displaced people in the influence to push for a peace that includes those world was Syrian. Conflict also destroyed the communities affected by the conflict. people in the world were lives, homes, land and jobs of millions of other forcibly displaced as a result people in the Middle East and North Africa where Currently the world’s less developed countries of persecution, conflict, sectarian strife, civil conflicts, and actions and regions host 86 per cent of the world’s by extremist groups trapped women, men and refugees and so throughout 2014-15 Oxfam has violence, or human rights children in a vicious cycle of violence, poverty called on rich countries to take their fair share violations. This is the highest and inequality. by providing resettlement space to 5 per cent of number since the Second Syrian refugees. World War (UNHCR).

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section 5.2.1 SYRIA CRISIS

The level of humanitarian PROVIDING LIFE-SAVING SUPPORT In Jordan and Lebanon, Oxfam reached 186.000 suffering in Syria is refugees and vulnerable members of host Oxfam established itself as a lead humanitarian communities with integrated programs in overwhelming. More than organization in Syria. water and sanitation, food security, 200,000 have been killed and Since March 2014, its “ In Jordan and Lebanon, over four million people have team in Damascus has and livelihoods. supplied clean water oxfam reached 186.000 It provided clean fled to neighboring countries supply to more than refugees and vulnerable drinking water and items such as since the conflict started in an estimated 720,000 Members of host communities, 2011. The UN estimates that at people through water blankets and stoves, trucking, rehabilitation with integrated programs and cash or vouchers least 12.2 million people inside of infrastructure and In water and sanitation, to pay for other 1 essentials. In Zaatari Syria are in need of assistance; repairing of wells ; food security and livelihoods ” meanwhile, the sheer number Oxfam also helped to camp in Jordan, restore the capacity of Oxfam is leading of displaced families in local government and service providers to meet the delivery of a new sustainable water Jordan and Lebanon is putting basic WASH needs and carried out its first health- network as the camp transitions to a more extreme pressure on local promotion activities inside Syria. permanent settlement. infrastructure and economies.

1 Beneficiary numbers as reported by the Ministry of Water Resources and Water establishments in the target areas. They are estimates of the population in catchment areas of Oxfam-supported projects. Where possible, data is compared with other sources of information (e.g. information received from Oxfam contracted site engineers, focal points from the local community contracted by Oxfam, information collected during Oxfam staff field visits, data from other agencies).

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ADVOCATING FOR SOLUTIONS Backed by high-level events in New York, Geneva the resilience of people while they are displaced and other capitals and a global public campaign so that they can take a lead in reconstruction Oxfam also campaigned for an end to widespread through the #With Syria coalition, the Failing when it is safe to return home. This approach is human rights violations; an immediate halt to Syria message received widespread, global media evident in refugees taking ownership of water the transfer of arms and ammunition to affected coverage and social media interest, and was and sanitation interventions in camps, and in the countries; and the provision of humanitarian echoed by Ban Ki-moon, Secretary General of the self-help committees that are formed by refugees assistance at an appropriate level to meet the UN at a Security Council meeting on the day of the for protection and peer-to-peer support. scale of need. It also called on the international launch. Ahead of the Kuwait donor conference in community to achieve a sustainable political March 2015, Oxfam increased pressure on donors It is essential that Syrian refugees are able to solution to end the Syria crisis. to fund the Syria appeals through lobbying and retain their dignity and self-respect as they live media work in Jordan and Lebanon to illustrate through challenging times. And as women, men The release of Oxfam’s report A Fairer Deal the human cost of funding cuts. and children emerge through this crisis, Oxfam for Syrians in September 2014 urged the will work with civil society organizations to help international community to share more of the LONG-TERM RESPONSE them rebuild their lives and to play a full part in burden created by the crisis and resulted in an shaping a better and safer future. It will maintain increase in pledges to resettle Syrian refugees. Even if the conflict within Syria ended humanitarian capacity in the region to respond As the conflict entered its fifth year, Oxfam, and immediately, the level of physical, social and to volatile situations as they arise and also 21 INGOs and Syrian civil society organizations economic damage is such that it will take many continue to push the international community issued Failing Syria, a report condemning the years to rebuild the country. It is, therefore, to take responsibility for resettling refugees and international community for its lack of action. important for Oxfam to invest time in building providing assistance to the millions of people affected by the conflict.

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zaatari jordan

An Oxfam staff teaches Syrian children how to wash their hands at one of the oganisation’s water, sanitation and hygiene centers in Zaatari.

Photo © Khalid Said/Oxfam

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section 5.2.2 South Sudan

South Sudan gained Oxfam also worked with partners to build peace, develop approaches that are sensitive to working independence in July 2011, good governance and contribute to long-term in a conflict situation, and take full account of the positive change. One group, the Guardians of South needs of women and other vulnerable groups, but high expectations for Sudan are keeping hopes of a peaceful South alongside men. economic growth and peace Sudan free from poverty and injustice, alive. were dashed when conflict In Ethiopia, Oxfam worked in Kule and Tierkidi Saving lives camps to improve water and sanitation erupted in December 2013. facilities for 98,000 people. In Uganda, Oxfam Political and ethnic crisis During emergencies, food and shelter, safe water reached another 145,000 people, working displaced more than 1.5 million and sanitation are the highest priorities when with host communities to mitigate the impact responding to people affected by conflict. In 2013- of the refugee influx by distributing energy- people and over 500,000 fled 14, Oxfam supported 690,000 people in South Sudan saving stoves and organizing environment to neighboring countries. 3.8 - providing clean water by drilling boreholes awareness. Seeds and tools enabled vulnerable million people were acutely and setting up water supply systems, distributing families to plant kitchen gardens; short-term food, improving sanitation through latrine building, employment maintained and improved site short of food and Oxfam’s waste disposal, and hygiene training. This includes locations. Working together with refugee and focus was on meeting their support to 23,000 people in Juba to prevent host communities ensured that tensions did immediate humanitarian needs. the spread of cholera. Alongside technical and not lead to conflict; peace committees planned practical provision, it has also been essential to activities to enable people, especially women, to feel safe and protected.

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Calling for a solution already know how you feel. It is not Long-term future what is seen externally that matters, The voices of those affected by the conflict as it all passes. It’s the strength inside Oxfam programs unify humanitarian response must be heard on that counts.” with the longer-term sustainable needs the international “ I live each day trying to of beneficiaries, harnessing the skills and stage, lest we forget In May 2014, Oxfam experience of partners to strengthen the capacity the human impact honor the hours in it ... called for a massive of people to withstand future shocks. Women of the crisis. In the It is not what is seen surge to fill a USD and men learn their rights, and through this, words of Angelina, a externally that matters, 700 million shortfall grow more resilient, especially after suffering the single mother of five, in promised aid for trauma of war and food insecurity for so many living in Melut: “I live as it all passes. It’s the South Sudan. Oxfam years. Oxfam promotes women’s participation in each day trying to strength inside that counts ” also lobbied local decision-making processes, encouraging more honor the hours in it. and international women to become leaders in their communities There is no need to institutions to while support to ‘protection committees’ allows advertise sadness, or to wear your sorrow like prioritize civilian protection, gender justice, members to effectively manage issues that arise a mask. It does not add anything because you and food security. in communities.

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SAI south sudan

A group of women collecting water from one of the 16 points of distribution of drinking water installed by Oxfam Intermon.

Photo © Pablo Tosco/Oxfam

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section 5.2.3 Somalia

Somalis are resilient and Providing life-saving support Oxfam also set up a program to provide resourceful people but in beneficiaries with small amounts of cash so Working alongside its that they could make 2014 severe drought pushed partner, Hijra, Oxfam “ Working alongside its their own decisions Somalia into the epicenter of constructed water Partner, Hijra, Oxfam about what food and an East African food crisis with tanks, sanitation necessities to buy. facilities, and latrines, constructed water tanks, This reduced their 2.9 million people urgently and delivered hygiene sanitation facilities and sense of dependency needing assistance. promotion activities, latrines, and delivered by offering choice so that over 100,000 in uncertain times. people in Afgoye and hygiene promotion activities, In a context of Mogadishu had access so that over 100,000 people difficult access to to safer conditions. In Afgoye and Mogadishu had insecure areas, Oxfam “Washing hands used developed innovative to be a luxury,” says access to safer conditions ” E-cash facilities, using Rukio Yusufu, Kuan mobile phones to camp, Afgooye. “Now diarrhea outbreaks have reach people and alert them to payments. Women almost disappeared. Our latrines are clean, there used these small cash grants to open small are no flies, and above all, it feels good.” shops and tea stalls providing an extra source of

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income to feed their families, while others Relapse: Somalia crisis alert”. Strong advocacy future stresses. Oxfam reached 100,000 mobile were paid cash to make brooms and energy- using videos, blogs, social media and a second phone users in a countrywide polio eradication saving stoves. report, “Hanging by a thread: the ongoing campaign. Innovative technology is a vital threat to Somalia’s contribution towards resilience. Calling for “ strong advocacy using remittances” resulted a solution by February 2015 In 2014, Somalia and El Salvador piloted Oxfam’s videos, blogs, social media in a doubling funds Strong Local Humanitarian Actors Program Remittances ... resulted by february for humanitarian (SLHAP) as a practical way to stimulate civil from the Somali 2015 in doubling funds response in Somalia. society, government authorities, and the Diaspora, some for humanitarian response private sector to take a lead in humanitarian 40 per cent of the In the long term response. Building on a contextual analysis country’s revenue In somalia ” to identify obstacles to locally managed (significantly more Oxfam invests in responses and through generating dialogue than humanitarian aid committed by the people at community level to strengthen their and sharing ideas, the program is building the international community) were a lifeline. resilience, ensuring that the most vulnerable capacity of local organizations and influencing However, this facility to safely wire cash to have access to high quality, accountable services government structures to create a stronger relatives was curtailed by banks. In July 2014, during humanitarian crises and are able to basis for future program development. Oxfam with 26 other NGOs launched “Risk of develop their capacity to recover and withstand

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section 5.2.4 Gaza Crisis

Throughout the year, Oxfam’s Gaza continues to suffer from the blockade to the crisis: during the year, it served more than work in Gaza was dominated imposed by Israel in 2007 that restricts 750,000 people, more than 40 per cent of the movement of people and goods, including population. At the height of the crisis, Oxfam was by its response to the massive agricultural products and construction providing safe water to more than 250,000 people destruction caused by the 51-day materials. By June 2015, in schools, communities conflict in July and August 2014. only one per cent of the “ during the year Oxfam and shelters – helping to This resulted in widespread construction materials served more than 750,000 prevent further suffering had been allowed into People, more than 40 per and death. destruction of homes, livelihoods Gaza for the re-building and infrastructure, and the of 12,600 totally cent of the population ” Crops, land, fishing loss of Palestinian civilian destroyed homes, a boats and small lives, a third of them being tiny fraction of what is needed to rebuild ruined businesses were destroyed in the conflict, children, 66 Israeli soldiers homes and infrastructure. As a result, people leaving thousands of people without the means have increasingly been forced to depend on to grow or buy food and other essentials. Oxfam and 6 civilians which included external assistance. supported more than 50,000 families with one child. A year later, more vouchers, enabling them to buy food and other than 100,000 people remained EMERGENCY RESPONSE household goods. The vouchers were loaded displaced, unable to return to onto debit cards that could be redeemed at more Oxfam’s long-term presence in Gaza and than 90 shops and markets across Gaza, enabling their uninhabitable homes. relationships with local partners put it in a strong families to buy what they needed and helping to position to scale up its intervention in response boost the local economy.

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Oxfam also ran cash-for-work programs, providing a source of income in return for valuable rehabilitation work in the local community, such as clearing storm drains to protect against winter flooding. Ahmad Bihar, whose shop was destroyed in the bombing, says, “The Oxfam vouchers help us to buy essential food so that we can spend the little money we have on other expenses like clothes, cleaning products and transport for our children to get to school.” gaza WATER, LIVELIHOODS AND HEALTH Throughout the year, Oxfam worked with partners A young girl drinks water from to improve people’s living conditions in the face an Oxfam tap stand. the people of major obstacles caused by the blockade. of Gaza are facing a critical Oxfam gradually shifted its focus from water public health crisis due to the trucking to ensuring longer-term access to safe destruction and contamination supplies. It provided water storage tanks to serve of Gaza’s water supply. more than 2,000 vulnerable households and

Photo © Iyad Al Baba/Oxfam worked with community users to raise awareness

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of safe water handling and hygienic practices. women’s needs. Last year, the mobile clinic alone also working with both Israeli and Palestinian It also helped households to repair water reached over 98,000 people. Building community actors to mobilize the power of people to fight and sanitation facilities, and supplied 4,400 resilience is central to Oxfam’s work: to this end, poverty and injustice, and to call for an end households with hygiene vouchers for women partners trained 650 health volunteers and 140 to the blockade. Oxfam carried out lobbying and girls. community leaders in capitals around the world, produced three “ Oxfam carried out lobbying in first aid and 12 briefing papers and campaigned outside the UK Given the continuing, medical staff in life- Houses of Parliament to raise public awareness serious constraints In capitals around the saving skills during of the continuing suffering caused by the on people’s ability world, produced three emergencies. blockade. As well as achieving high-profile to earn a living, briefing papers and media coverage, Oxfam’s social media content Oxfam assisted over INFLUENCING on Gaza’s plight generated massive public 10,000 households campaigned outside the UK AND ADVOCACY interest and engagement. with food vouchers, houses of Parliament to and provided raise public awareness of Oxfam continues to Oxfam will continue to engage with both local and cash transfers to play a key leadership international actors and partners to fight poverty, enable people to the continuing suffering role in Gaza, working unemployment, food security and lack of access resume farming and caused by the blockade ” with various agencies to water and land. livelihoods activities. and forums to It also supported a mobile health clinic, hospital coordinate the humanitarian response and and five health centers, with a particular focus on campaign for the rights of Gaza’s citizens. It is

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section 5.2.5 nigeria

Conflict between armed relatives. Later in the year, as Nigerian Armed important priority. Alongside the provision of food groups and government Forces recaptured ground in Gombe and Borno, assistance, Oxfam worked with local partners Oxfam scaled up its response in these states, to provide seeds and training for people to forces escalated in 2014, reaching an additional start to grow fruit displacing 2.1 million people 130,000 people with “ Later in the year, as Nigerian and vegetables. within Nigeria’s northeast interventions to meet their basic needs. armed Forces recaptured Oxfam is also building states. The total number of ground in Gombe and Borno, the capacity of local people affected was more Oxfam staff worked oxfam scaled up its response organizations to than double this figure (4.6 tirelessly to reduce be more prepared the risk of outbreaks In these states, reaching for emergency million), as host communities of diarrhea and an additional 130,000 people response and has sheltering those in need were cholera by providing with interventions to meet provided funding for increasingly unable to cope. water treatment humanitarian training tablets to households, their basic needs ” for CSOs, FBOs, repairing over 56 water government, UN, and Oxfam’s initial focus was in Adamawa State, the sources to improve access to clean water, and INGO staff. Those who have fled their homes location of people displaced from the seriously distributing essential hygiene kits. It also built are also often traumatized and confused, affected state of Borno, where after April 2014, 139 public latrines to cater for growing numbers and it will be important to find ways to ensure it reached over 92,000 people who had fled to of people located in informal camps. Tackling that psychological needs of the displaced temporary camps or the homes of friends or extreme hunger in the region was the other families are met.

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section 5.2.6 Central African Republic

Violence in the Central Africa and sanitation programs (latrines, washrooms, in her camp. “I’ve learned a lot – hand washing at Republic (CAR) broke out after and public health promotion) in two districts of key times, food hygiene, how to keep water clean.” the capital city. Cash vouchers and food were a coup d’état in the capital, distributed in another Since starting Bangui, December 2012. six sites to the “ Oxfam (and 40 other NGOs) activities in January Continuing conflict between displaced population. 2014, Oxfam has Oxfam established released strong statements developed strong militias displaced 436,000 water points and Urging the international water and sanitation, people within the country, and built latrines for community to do more to food, livelihoods a further 462,000 across borders 35,000 people in and protection Bria. It also provided Protect civilians and programs in these in neighboring states such as supplementary food Increase humanitarian aid ” two main towns. Chad (where 94,000 people have for 1,800 households; Future plans include fled since late 2013). seeds, tools and fertilizer for gardening groups; extending activities to Paoua in the North, and livestock for 205 households. and to other areas of humanitarian need, such as Batangafo, Alindao or Kaga-Bandoro. In 2014-15, Oxfam reached a total of 180,039 Yango Rosine lives in a site on church grounds Oxfam’s neutrality and impartiality will continue beneficiaries in Bangui and Bria. In Bangui, in Bangui “Before Oxfam, we had to buy drinking to be a strong factor in deciding locations interventions included trucking clean water water from a communal water point. Sometimes for response, alongside the need to build to residents of 14 IDP sites and seven health the well owners refused us access,” she says. relationships with local partners to strengthen centers and hospitals, and establishing water Rosine took part in hygiene promotion sessions their humanitarian capacity.

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In January and April 2014, Oxfam (and 40 other NGOs) released strong statements urging the international community to do more to protect civilians and increase humanitarian aid. It also continued lobbying for the involvement of UN peacekeepers and international support from the US, UK, European Union and African Union.

bangui central african republic

The Oxfam team is connecting pipes in order to fill the bladders with drinkable water. Oxfam is managing the water pumping station in order to provide water to several camps for internally displaced persons in Bangui.

Photo © Vincent Tremeau/Oxfam

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section 5.3 Introduction to Natural Disasters

In the last 20 years, disasters Oxfam’s Disaster Risk Reduction programs build “ To the men, women and from natural hazards have killed people’s resilience to future hazards, affording children who have just them more protection in the event of a disaster, 1.3 million people, affected and enabling them to recover more quickly survived typhoon, flood 4.4 billion people, and caused from the impact of floods and cyclones. The or other disaster, a failed almost USD 2 trillion in economic frequency and increased severity of climate- world is one that allows related disasters, warrants a huge increase losses. Poor countries are far in investment to strengthen the coping climate change to harder hit than richer ones, capacity of people facing extreme situations. overwhelm the world’s with 81 per cent of deaths Oxfam is calling on international donors and Most vulnerable people ” governments to do more, and contribute at from disasters occurring in least USD 5 billion of total global aid to help low-income countries. Climate countries strengthen coping mechanisms and change is bringing more adapt to changing weather patterns. frequent and intense weather events, disproportionally affecting people in the world’s poorest countries.

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section 5.3.1 The Balkans – flooding in the heart of Europe

On the 14 May 2014, heavy Oxfam focused on the most vulnerable people in testing her water, Oxfam found that it was rains hit Bosnia-Herzegovina BiH and Serbia and during the seven months of contaminated and provided her with a water emergency response filter. “I live on a very (BiH), Croatia and Serbia reached more than small widow’s pension “ during the seven months causing floods and landslides. 42,000 people through and was having to buy water and sanitation of emergency response water to drink, cook More than 50 people lost their (WaSH) and food security reached more than 42,000 and have showers. lives, and over 75.000 people activities. It distributed Now, that I have the People through water were displaced from their more than 12,500 filter, I can save so hygiene, disinfection, and sanitation (WaSH) and much money. Thank homes and land. An estimated, environmental and food security activities ” you, this is the first 2.6 million people overall agricultural kits, help that I have were affected by the floods delivered stoves, and received from anyone with 90 per cent of people’s public water systems and private wells (testing since the floods started!” water and/or distributing filters to more than 500 work and investments had vulnerable families). Oxfam’s prompt response was well regarded, been destroyed. thanks to a capacity to switch from Kata Knežević, an elderly lady from Domaljevac, primarily working in a development context, used to collect fresh water from a well. After to an emergency.

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section 5.3.2 Cyclone Pam, Vanuatu

Severe tropical Cyclone Oxfam responded to this disaster in two ways. affected islands. Delivering hygiene kits to Pam tore through Vanuatu It took up a role coordinating the Vanuatu Ambrym, one of the remote islands, took over Humanitarian Team comprised of NGO, Red 30 hours on a ferry, and emergency supplies on 13 March 2015, causing Cross, and UN were unloaded onto widespread destruction response teams, and “ Delivering hygiene kits to a barge, then fishing across its east and southeast directly implemented aMbrym, one of the remote boats, and then humanitarian carried up a cliff islands. The eye of the Category activities to respond Islands, took over 30 hours face to reach their Five cyclone passed close to to the needs of the on a ferry, and emergency final destination. Efate Island, the location of affected population. supplies were unloaded Despite the various Vanuatu’s capital Port Vila, A key challenge for onto a barge, then fishing challenges, Oxfam’s affecting 180,000 people all agencies in the boats, and then carried direct response began across 22 islands. In total response effort was UP a cliff face to reach almost immediately accessing remote after the storm left 15,000 homes were damaged communities. Many their final destination ” Vanuatu’s borders. or destroyed; up to 96 per cent islands in Vanuatu Oxfam reached of food stocks decimated and have no airstrips. Many docks were badly approximately 14 per cent of the affected damaged or destroyed making it difficult for the population, with clean water, hygiene kits, 110,000 people were in need government and humanitarian organizations to vegetable seeds, gardening and building tools, of clean drinking water. deliver goods by ship or aircraft to the worst vouchers and cash.

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Eton village vanuatu

Wolda Edward, 52, helps cleaning his neighbour’s house yard in Eton village, Efate Island, Vanuatu. Eton was hit by Cyclone Pam on March 13th. Six houses were completely destroyed and the others were badly damaged.

Photo © Vlad Sokhin/Panos/OxfamAUS

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section 5.3.3 Flood response in Jammu and Kashmir

In September 2014, the worst In Kashmir’s capital, Srinagar, major parts of winterization packages of all-weather tarpaulins, the city were flooded. Oxfam hired earthmovers warm blankets, bedding, solar lamps, and traditional floods in a century hit Jammu to clear debris portable heaters so and Kashmir. Water levels making routes easier “ Oxfam also urged district that they could shelter in the Jhelum River were at to access with from cold weather. emergency supplies. and state government to lead an all time high. Around two After the initial rescue and promote disaster risk Thousands of people moved into crowded million people were affected, efforts, its first priority reductions schemes with was to restore water temporary camps in 450 villages were completely systems to hospitals. communities and pressed both states. To prevent submerged and more than Lala Dew, the largest for the implementation of the spread of disease, maternity hospital, Oxfam installed water 280 people died. Oxfam was badly damaged India’s National Disaster tanks, filters, hand responded quickly, reaching and public health Management Act ” pumps, and temporary latrines, and provided 25,000 people with water engineers restored water purifiers, replaced chlorine kits, disinfected health advice. It distributed 153,100 chlorine tablets and sanitation facilities and water tanks and treatment plants, and tested water and bleach, and hygiene kits for 5,725 families. As to ensure that it was safe. the weather grew colder, 5500 families received 74,322 people through hygiene wool and cotton to make warm clothes, and promotion and the distribution Vulnerable families in Kashmir were given 5,000 2,500 of the most vulnerable households were of shelter and non-food items. emergency shelter kits containing corrugated given small amounts of cash to buy food and iron sheets, wood, and tools to build basic shelter other necessities. 16,800 children and lactating with support from volunteers. They also received mothers also received supplementary food.

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The very basic disaster preparedness techniques in this region are insufficient to deal with the increasing severity of the annual floods. Future plans include working in partnership with local organizations to strengthen the capacity of communities to cope. This will involve working with 16 local partners to develop community action plans, building multi-purpose raised platforms for safety, and making sure that rescue boats are available for evacuations. jammu Oxfam also urged district and state government to lead and promote disaster risk reduction district schemes with communities and pressed for india the implementation of India’s National Disaster Management Act. Inter-agency Coordination Dry food rations, bucket, groups, such as exist in Assam, Odisha, Bihar mugs and chlorine are being and Uttar Pradesh, also promote effective distributed to a village in coordination between NGOs at times of Akhnoor block of Jammu district. emergency, and much can be learned from this and applied to work in Jammu and Kashmir. Photo © Oxfam

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section 5.4 Introduction to health section

Oxfam is widely known for distributes items essential March 2014 saw the start of the worst outbreak its public health work in for health and hygiene, and of Ebola since the disease was first discovered; it spread rapidly across the West Africa region, emergencies. The rapid ensures that public health infecting over 27,000 people and claiming more supply of clean water to promotion activities are than 11,000 lives. Oxfam’s response reached populations displaced from carried out to create an over 1.4 million people in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Mali, Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Gambia, and their own homes is vital, environment in which public Nigeria. It played a critical role in prevention and Oxfam has particular health risks are reduced and mitigation of the disease through expertise in this area. and the safety and dignity mobilizing communities to promote public health, delivering water and sanitation, and Alongside this, Oxfam also of emergency-affected lobbying for greater international support. improves sanitation facilities, communities are enhanced.

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section 5.4.1 EBOLA RESPONSE

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROMOTION gatherings. In the beginning there was denial, but being reviewed by the Center for Disease Control as time goes on, because of deaths and sets of and others, to see how lessons can be learned The size of the Ebola epidemic and its families being wiped out by Ebola, people are now and applied in future. devastating impact on the affected countries accepting that Ebola is real.” – all of which have fragile and under-resourced Oxfam also played a key role in delivering healthcare systems and high levels of poverty This community-led, peer-to-peer approach safe water and sanitation facilities in schools – unfolded not as a medical emergency, but as proved highly and affected a humanitarian crisis. Trained health volunteers effective; people “ This community-led, peer-to- communities. It were at the heart of Oxfam’s response and played approached by local worked in partnership a major role in preventing the spread of infection volunteers were more Peer approach proved highly with INGOs such by going door-to-door to provide accurate likely to come forward effective; people approached as “Médecins Sans information, promote good hygiene and safe for testing and early by local volunteers were Frontières” to build burial practices, and identify and refer Ebola treatment, saving lives treatment centers, cases for treatment in health facilities. and preventing further More likely to come forward install water and infections. In Liberia, for testing and early sanitation systems, In Sierra Leone, Bernadette Samura was one of for example, initial treatment, saving lives and and provides vital the thousands of volunteers who helped to fight findings indicate that equipment including the fear and misinformation that initially fuelled survival rates of Ebola Preventing further infections ” protective suits, the spread of the disease. She says: “I tell people sufferers sought out boots, and gloves. about the risks of catching Ebola – don’t touch by community volunteers were 19 per cent higher Oxfam also provided life-saving hygiene kits and dead bodies, don’t visit the sick, avoid public than among other referrals. Oxfam’s model is now hand washing stations for communities at the

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frontline of the crisis, and distributed ‘survivor assistance. As a result, EU Heads of State nearly NEXT STEPS kits’ including mattresses, blankets, mosquito doubled their funding pledges for Ebola, and nets, chlorine, soap, and buckets. committed to increase the number of medical The world was not prepared for this and support staff deployed to affected countries. unprecedented outbreak. Despite the CALLING FOR MORE SUPPORT In March 2015, Oxfam launched a paper, Ebola is challenges and an initially slow response, Still Here: Voices from Liberia and Sierra Leone Oxfam scaled up its response quickly and Oxfam lobbied on Response and achieved a great deal. It is now putting governments “ Ahead of the G20 Summit in Recovery at the Ebola considerable effort into learning the lessons and international Conference in Brussels. from Ebola to prepare for future epidemics. It organizations to november 2014, it organized This gave voice to will continue working in at risk and affected do more to assist a series of advocacy and the experiences of areas to enable families to rebuild their countries affected Media activities calling on people most affected livelihoods and strengthen their health by the outbreak and by the outbreak and services, supporting the governments to build those at risk. Ahead Member states to increase called on donors, more efficient public health systems. It is of the G20 Summit the volume and speed of governments, and important that communities remain vigilant in November 2014, it Medical expertise, money agencies to increase and are ready to cope with future outbreaks, organized a series of their engagement with with women’s rights groups being supported to advocacy and media and other assistance ” communities in order play a key role in this. Oxfam will also continue activities calling to strengthen Ebola- to push for the massive and sustained global on member states to increase the volume and prevention work, and to ensure full understanding effort that is now required to help the affected speed of medical expertise, money, and other of people’s needs in the recovery phase. countries recover.

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clara town monrovia, liberia

Hand-washing training in Clara Town, a township in the north of Monrovia. Oxfam has provided 8,000 family hygiene kits in the area.

Photo © Pablo Tosco/Oxfam

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 72 section 6 sustainable food and natural resources

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 73 h o m e / s e c t i o n 6 s U s ta i n a b l e F o o d a n d N at u r a l R e s o u r c e s

Together with more than 1,100 partner organizations we reached 5,200,000 beneficiaries in more than 800 projects

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s e c t i o n 6 contents

6.1 introduction 76 6.2 goal 4 - sustainable food 77 6.2.1 Marching for action on climate change 78 6.2.2 insuring against flood risk in Bangladesh 81 6.2.3 consumer power - Behind the Brands 83 6.2.4 Food security in the south Caucasus 86 6.2.5 viable alternatives to agribusiness, Bolivia 88 6.2.6 Moral Hazard – public private partnerships in Africa 90 6.3 goal 5 - access to natural resources 92 6.3.1 Land grabs in Cambodia’s Sugar industry 93 6.3.2 Australia’s big four banks 95 6.3.3 hope for the farmers of Paanama, Sri Lanka 97 6.3.4 safeguarding World Bank standards 100

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section 6.1 introduction

Hunger is not and need never Oxfam is helping to build the resilience of people Urgent investment is needed in sustainable be inevitable. Yet millions living in poverty so that they can sustain their agriculture and rural development that puts own livelihoods in an increasingly volatile global both the needs of small scale producers and of people around the world context. By seeking to make the food system the management of natural resources (such as still don’t have enough fairer and more sustainable, Oxfam programs land and water) before the rich and powerful to eat. Extreme weather are enabling small-scale farmers to diversify interests that threaten them. Women can be events and marginal shifts their income and grow sufficient food to avoid the driving force of sustainable agriculture but hunger. And critically, Oxfam supports these governments and society must invest in women in temperatures and rainfall farmers to raise their voices and put pressure to be productive and to challenge discriminatory patterns are already having on governments to achieve investment in rural policies as well as societal norms and practices major impacts on the food development solutions that prioritize their needs. that hold them back. system and people’s ability to provide food for their families. The rights of women are particularly important Oxfam’s other important and interconnected goal to achieving a better future where everyone is to ensure that marginalized communities have has enough to eat. They shoulder much of fair and equal access to natural resources, such For the millions on the frontline of the fight against the responsibility for household food security as land and water, on which their livelihoods hunger – many of them women whose livelihoods but are often hampered by discriminatory depend. Drawing from program experience and depend on small-scale farming – climate change, policies, beliefs, and practices, frequently that of its partners and allies, Oxfam helps insecure tenure of land, and the lack of investment lacking proper recognition of their roles as women and communities to defend their land and into small-scale agriculture are critical factors in farmers or food providers. achieve recognition of their legal rights. preventing them from realizing the right to food.

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section 6.2 Goal 4 - sustainable food

Working alongside more than Oxfam’s GROW campaign seeks to find practical and respond to the threat of typhoons; 850 partner organizations, solutions to the failings of the world’s food influencing national adaptation strategies; and system that leaves so many people hungry. establishing innovative insurance schemes Oxfam reached 3.9 million Grounded in high quality development programs to compensate farmers for damaged crops beneficiaries with sustainable that directly benefit smallholder farmers, this are all ways to adapt to climate change in an food projects in 2014, of year’s focus was on climate change – the single increasingly warming world. biggest threat to the fight against hunger. whom 55 per cent are women Securing the funds to support these efforts and girls. Nearly half of In 2014-15, rural communities had to contend is a priority for Oxfam’s global advocacy work, these projects (46 per cent) with floods and drought, and saw their crops and Oxfam urged developed countries to fulfill fail due to unseasonable rainfall or their their commitments and pay their fair share of also built the capacity of land becoming prematurely parched. Being climate finance. At the same time, Oxfam holds communities to become more able to find ways to grow food in changing rich nations to account for their emissions, and resilient, making them better conditions is key, but small-scale farmers need calls on all governments to deliver a bold and investment in order to do so. Developing early fair global deal on climate change at this year’s able to adapt and respond to warning systems for fishermen to anticipate UNFCCC climate talks in Paris. changing weather patterns.

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section 6.2.1 Marching for action on climate change

On Sunday the 21st of On 23 September 2014, the world’s heads of Oxfam’s message in the lead up to the summit September 2014, just days state and government were invited to New York was urgent and clear: Climate change is making City for a major climate people hungry and lack before world leaders gathered summit hosted by the UN “ In the biggest climate of action had cost the for a UN summit on climate Secretary General Ban Ki world almost half a change march in history, change in New York, people Moon. This was the first trillion dollars in climate time leaders had met to over 400,000 people took related disasters. around the world came together discuss climate change to the streets of New Its media brief, “The for the biggest ever mobilization since the Copenhagen Summit that Snoozed?” york as world leaders for climate justice. The Ban Ki meeting in 2009, and provided hard-hitting the event was the last had started to arrive ” evidence of more than Moon Summit and associated chance to inject political 650 million people People’s Climate March were momentum for a new having been affected key moments for Oxfam’s Food global climate deal in advance of the next Summit over this time, urging that this be a wake up in Paris in 2015. call for government leaders and businesses and Climate Justice campaign. with the power to tackle climate change.

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The People’s Climate March turned into a The final outcome of the Summit lacked vision Oxfam worked closely with national organizations spectacular global event. In the biggest climate and tangible commitment. France pledged USD to help convene a broad-based coalition of civil change march in history, over 400,000 people 1 billion for the near empty Green Climate Fund society organizations with different agendas in took to the streets of New York as world leaders (GCF), with just over USD 300m more committed which organized groups could discuss climate had started to arrive. In all, more than 675,000 from other countries including Denmark, Norway change together and push priorities in a people at over 2800 events in 160 countries and Luxembourg, South Korea, and Mexico. China national context. participated in this massive call for action on also restated its plan to cut carbon emissions by climate change. Oxfam led and took part in 40-45 per cent by 2021. “No government should Oxfam will continue to work in alliance with mobilizations in 13 countries (South Africa, New leave New York thinking the job is done,” said others to push for a detailed roadmap on how Zealand, China, Belgium, Australia, UK, Ireland, Oxfam’s Tim Gore, Head of Climate Policy. the promised USD 100 billion pledged to address Tanzania, France, India, Germany, Italy and climate change will be spent in poor nations. USA). President Barack Obama broke protocol In December 2014, as world leaders met in Lima, by referencing the March in his speech at the Peru, for the 20th global climate change meeting summit: “The alarm bells keep ringing, our (UNFCCC-COP 20), 15,000 people took to the citizens keep marching. We can’t pretend we streets demanding climate justice, a spirit that don’t hear them, we must answer their call.” was reflected in other cities all over the world.

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lima peru

Climate march in Lima, December 2014.

Photo © Oxfam

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section 6.2.2 Insuring against flood risk in Bangladesh

Last year, half a million The pilot scheme was implemented in Sirajgani The new insurance scheme is particularly effective people were left homeless as District, an area particularly prone to flooding. for communities who are vulnerable to disaster. Oxfam was already working effectively with local The product is available for organizations, rather a result of severe flooding in organisation, Manab Mukti Sangstha (MMS) to than individuals, so that government, service Bangladesh. Oxfam supported develop flood-warning systems and raise the providers, and community-based organisations people in the usual ways, level of homesteads, and 708 families (3,268 can take out insurance for the people that they individuals) became the first to receive USD 35 represent. The trigger for payments is based on including providing food, (2,800 Bangladeshi taka) compensation for the flood hazard models (calculating water depth and shelter, and cash for people to loss of their crops and livelihoods. the number of days that water remains high), rather meet their immediate needs. than on evidence gathered from flood monitoring Ranu Begum was one of those who received or calculating the losses of individual clients. Uniquely, alongside emergency insurance payment: “We lost all our rice and response, Oxfam also piloted a vegetables”, she says. “The house was flooded Approximately 1,700 households were covered new and innovative community for 11 days, and the yard for 18 days. We against flood risk in 2013 and 2014, with heavy managed to keep the animals safe on higher rains triggering payments to the 708 families. insurance program. ground. When the flood was over, we rebuilt our Ranu Begum’s payment meant that she could home with straw. We will start to plant crops move forward after the disaster and not have to again.” Ranu plans to spend her USD 35 on buying send her children out to work or sell her assets to lentil seeds and a goat. keep afloat. Her life, despite the threat of future floods, has stabilised, and she can plan ahead and look to the future.

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Climate change is expected to bring more frequent and intense storms, making low- lying countries like Bangladesh increasingly “she could move vulnerable. Over the next five years, Oxfam will seek to scale up this program to make it a viable model to cover the risk of over 250,000 forward after the people (50,000 households) in three districts (Sirajganj, Gaibandha, and Jamalpur). This will necessitate engaging intensively with potential disaster and not policyholders, at community, local and national government levels to integrate insurance schemes into social protection and disaster have to send her management programs.

The aim here is to transfer the weight of children out to work risk from vulnerable people to international financial markets. or sell her assets to keep afloat”

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section 6.2.3 consumer power - Behind the Brands

Oxfam’s public-facing Behind As it turned out, all 10 companies fell short of the to “Fight Hunger and Help Stop Climate Change’. the Brands campaign targets standards, with the highest ranked scoring only In just under three months, General Mills and 38/70 in the initial assessment. Since the start Kellogg committed to cleaning up their act, the private sector’s role in the of the Campaign, more than 700,000 actions have and that of their supply chain, by measuring food system. It focuses on the been taken by the public to shape the performance and disclosing greenhouse gas emissions and 10 largest food and beverage of companies that make their well-known brands. adopting zero tolerance policies on deforestation. companies in the world – Their commitment also adds momentum to In the first year, working conditions for women in the Oxfam’s call for governments and the wider food Nestlé, PepsiCo, Unilever, cocoa industry were addressed, with Nestlé, Mars, and agriculture industry to recognize that climate Mondelēz, Coca-Cola, Mars, and Mondelēz agreeing to sign up to UN Women’s change is happening and that something has to Danone, Associated British Empowerment Principals due to consumer pressure. be done about it now. Foods (ABF), General Mills, and Later that year, the campaign addressed land grabs Kellogg’s. It assessed each and clearances related to sugar production, with Oxfam is now a leading global voice on corporate Coca-Cola and PepsiCo committing zero tolerance food system reform. Behind the Brands will company’s policies on seven for land grabs. These were historic wins for continue to raise awareness and mobilize public issues: land, women, farmers, Oxfam, creating an entirely new space for civil concern for another year, before closing in early workers, climate, transparency, society and private sector dialogue. 2016 to make way for a focus on advocacy and and water and created a implementation. All of the learning from the first In 2014-15, the focus moved to climate change. three years, including a final year of scorecard ‘company scorecard’ to rank the Using hard-hitting evidence from Indonesia and analysis, will be assessed and a report published companies on these issues. Liberia, more than 238,000 supporters signed up by April 2016.

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 83 home / section 6 / 6 . 2 . 3 c o n s um e r p o w e r - B e h i n d t h e B r a n d s “ In just under three months, General Mills and kellogg committed to cleaning up their act ”

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Tree stumps in a dry valley or ‘ouadi’ in Bahr el Gazal, Chad.

Photo © Eleanor Farmer/Oxfam

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section 6.2.4 Food security in the South Caucasus

In Georgia, Armenia, and Oxfam’s four-year project - Improving Regional chances that you will be heard; the simple logic Azerbaijan, more than half of Food Security through National Strategies that jointly we are stronger.” and Small Holder Production - funded by the the income of poor households European Union began in September 2013. The key to successful advocacy starts with is spent on the purchase of Working through civil society organizations strong evidence-based research that serves as food. An over-reliance on (CSOs), it aims to improve food security and a basis for designing campaigns to influence imports and lack of investment nutrition in the Caucasus through the inclusion policy-makers. In 2014, two research projects of farmers and citizens in policy development - Food Security in the South Caucasus and a in the food and agriculture and governance processes. Diagnostic Review of State Policies in Georgia – sector has meant that hunger provided the credibility and leverage for GAARD and malnutrition is a reality The Georgian Alliance for Agriculture and Rural and AA to talk to their members, donors, and for many thousands of people. Development (GAARD) and the Agriculture Government representatives. A lack of information and Alliance (AA) in Armenia are networks with broad constituencies, capable of generating a In 2014, the Ministry of Agriculture shared the research about the levels of huge swathe of public interest. As one member draft Agricultural Development Strategy of Georgia food security in the Caucasus of GAARD put it: “Our previous experience in (2015-20) with Oxfam and GAARD for comment, has, until now, made it difficult advocacy shows that you can be a very well with 58 per cent of their recommendations to present solid evidence to known organization but if you are alone, it is being taken into account. Similarly, Armenia’s difficult to deliver your messages. Partnership Strategy for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural policy-makers and governments. with others makes it much easier; there are more Development (2020-25) encompassed 89 per

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cent of AA’s recommendations. Both countries understand the challenges of working on land that has low productivity or is fragmented into “successful small plots, but they also see the potential to produce higher quality ecological products. advocacy starts The challenge for next year is for civil society, farmers’ associations, and women’s groups to get involved in the development of the strategy’s with strong action plan and budget allocation, and for the Government to monitor its implementation on improving agricultural production and food evidence-based security in the South Caucasus countries. research that serves as a basis for designing campaigns”

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section 6.2.5 Viable alternatives to agribusiness, Bolivia

Bolivia has one of the lowest The growing impact of deforestation, should scale up their action and to the national carbon emissions in the world agribusiness, and cattle ranching has critically government – that’s their job.” affected the lives of indigenous farmers in Bolivia. and yet is considered among The gap between rich and poor is widening and Oxfam’s approach in Bolivia starts at a local the top twenty countries most deepening levels of poverty and inequality. More level, working through partners such CIPCA affected by climate change. than half of Bolivia’s (Centro de Investigación 16,000 rural communities “ Oxfam’s approach in y Promoción del Oxfam is working at multiple are vulnerable to food bolivia starts at a local Campesinado) to shortages, with women help farmers develop levels, in rural communities, level, working through with powerful activists like particularly hard hit, their sustainable models living conditions being Partners to help farmers for farming and forest Carmen Vaca, and at national among the poorest in develop sustainable management that are Latin America. viable alternatives and global levels, to seek Models for farming environmentally sustainable to the more invasive “We didn’t contribute to and forest management ” agribusiness approaches. models for Bolivian farming. climate change but we are the ones suffering,” says Carmen, a farmer For Carmen, and other fruit farmers from the 14 and community activist from Beni. “I speak as Septiembre Community in Beni, this has meant a farmer. We all need to get together to put adopting new farming practices such as growing pressure on the people in power. [We must] go to native Amazonian cacao alongside their usual local government for a response, and then they fruit crops. Using an agro-forestry approach,

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rather cutting back land in preparation for planting, they now grow on untended land to maximize productivity and reduce the need for watering. CIPCA then help the farmers to sell their cacao through a rural economic organization called APARAB (Association of Agroforestry khapi Producers of the Amazon Region of Bolivia). village Working across the political, environmental, and bolivia social spectrum, Oxfam’s vision of development involves an integrated approach that is based on Rogelio Churqui Quispe (18) the sustainable management of natural resources, and Severino Cortez (40) equitable land management, innovative programs from Khapi village, Bolivia. that add value to processing, and building the Behind, a view of the capacity of farmer organizations to speak out and glacier mount Illimani realize the change that they want to see. Carmen which locals fear is was one of five women farmers and climate melting so rapidly that in change activists featured in a global video that decades to come they will was been seen by thousands of people around have no water for their farms. the world, as part of its campaign to mobilize

Photo © Mark Chilvers/Oxfam people to take action on climate change.

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section 6.2.6 Moral Hazard – public private partnerships in Africa

“Governments in Africa After decades of underinvestment in agriculture, Media coverage included several news items on are turning to large-scale African governments are rightly looking at finding BBC Afrique’s breakfast news, and features on ways to mobilize funding for the sector, however, Voice of America and CCTV Africa, and TFM (the partnerships with donors as “Moral Hazard” pointed out, mega public- primetime Senegalese chat show). In the written and multinational companies private partnerships (PPPs) are “unproven and risky, press there was Africa wide coverage, with to stimulate investment in and are likely to skew the benefits of investments opinion editorials in influential publications such towards the privileged and more powerful, while as Jeune Afrique. Journalists from the New York agriculture.” This was the the risks fall on the most vulnerable.” Times and Bloomberg interviewed the author of theme of Oxfam’s hard-hitting the report and BBC World Service investigated the briefing paper about the rise of “Moral Hazard” was the first evidence-based step story in its global ‘Business Daily’ Show. in a campaign to assess the effectiveness of the public-private partnerships in PPP approach as a vehicle for poverty eradication. The report provided a counterbalance to the Africa, published in September Based on extensive research, interviews and case large amount of ‘hype’ around large-scale private 2014 to coincide with the studies from Burkina Faso, Malawi ,and Tanzania, sector investment projects. By highlighting the Oxfam sought to answer three simple questions. potential risks of PPPs - threats to land rights, African Green Revolution Who are the primary beneficiaries? Who shoulders worsening inequality, and asymmetries of power (AGRA) Forum in Addis Ababa. the burden of risk? And, who holds power in – Oxfam challenged the narrative about such decision-making? The findings were stark: in all initiatives and has placed itself as a thought three areas, the priorities of small-scale producers, leader on this important global trend. and particularly women, were least likely to be met.

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This campaign to influence the way that donor funds are spent in Africa will be a priority for “Oxfam sought to Oxfam in future years. It will continue to lobby for solutions that attract investment to support domestic markets and challenge the private sector answer three simple to develop inclusive business models. This includes also promoting agricultural systems that increase yield, resilience, and adaptation to climate questions. who are the change; and ensuring that communities, and women in particular, have the means to manage primary beneficiaries? land and water resources in sustainable ways. who shoulders the burden of risk? and who holds power in decision-making?”

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section 6.3 Goal 5 - access to natural resources

Working with more than Increasing competition for access to and Oxfam works with partners and affected 270 partners we reached control over natural resources is putting communities to strengthen their land rights pressure on the livelihoods of already and prevent land grabs. It influences global 1.3 M beneficiaries in more vulnerable small-scale producers, agricultural organizations such as the World Bank, the than 130 projects. 62% of laborers, indigenous people, and the urban African Union, and some of the biggest food and our beneficiaries are poor. All too often the aggressive tactics of beverage brands, by presenting strong evidence- mining or logging companies result in human based arguments in support of communities women and girls. rights violations, and the corrupt tactics of that are fighting to retain access to the natural local officials do nothing to protect or respect resources on which they depend to survive. It the views of local communities. also campaigns to ensure that communities receive a fair share of revenues generated from oil, gas, and mining projects.

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section 6.3.1 land grabs in Cambodia’s Sugar industry

Behind the Brands (BtB) is Poor farmers in Sre Ambel had sought redress payments of USD 2,000 to 18 families but this an initiative of the GROW from the Koh Kong sugar company for nine years falls short of their expectations. Other families after being displaced are yet to receive an campaign that engages the from their land to “ Oxfam’s campaign offer, and the process public to put pressure on the make way for sugar for further compensation supported 200 families big ten food and beverage plantations. Oxfam’s has been put on hold campaign supported 200 who submitted petitions by the government as companies to improve their families who submitted to national and they seek to address sourcing policies, and those of petitions to national all sugar-related land International courts ” their suppliers. In Cambodia, and international courts grabs simultaneously. (also involving a UK court But it is a start – and an the BtB campaign exposed complaint against Tate & Lyle). They are now in a improvement in KSI’s previous behavior, which land rights violations that process of negotiating full recompense in cash had been unresponsive to the plight of displaced were being committed by and entitlement to land. farmers for so many years. companies in Coca-Cola’s Koh Kong Sugar Industry/KSI/KSL, a joint venture Another company, Mitr Phol from Thailand was sugar supply chain. of Thai company (Khon Kean Sugar Industry) and also involved in a land dispute with farmers in Taiwanese (Ve Wong Corporation), has improved Cambodia. It set up a meeting with community its business practice and sought a solution representatives and local NGOs to settle their with affected communities. In October 2014, claim but this was unsuccessful, and the it launched the first phase of compensation affected community then submitted their case

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to the Thai National Human Right Commission. The company ultimately returned land to the government of Cambodia and withdrew their investment from the country. The land has not yet been given back to the people for farming as it under the control of Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fishery, despite requests from the community affected. Oxfam will continue to work through local NGOs to provide ongoing support to farmers in Sre Amble, Koh Kong province by engaging directly with KSL/KSI in Cambodia. It will also work with other allies such as European Union and development partners at a national level to put pressure to the government to speed up decision-making processes. It is a challenging and time-consuming case as it involves a huge cambodia number of families over a long period of time.

Sopheap Meas, 43, is a farmer in Cambodia.

Photo © Simon Rawles/Oxfam

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section 6.3.2 Australia’s Big Four Banks

How does your bank use Changes to international agribusiness and companies connected to unethical logging and your money? Many of us finance markets have rapidly increased the agriculture overseas. The voices of affected financial sector’s involvement in agriculture communities in Cambodia and Brazil can be simply do not know. In 2014 and timber projects. heard in the 60 Minutes Australians were shocked to Yet banks closely hide “In November 2014 NAB and story “Dirty Business”. learn that their bank could information about their westpac both responded investments – making it Inspired by communities be using their money to back virtually impossible for to public pressure with courageously defending companies connected to land communities to know new lending policies that their rights despite grabs for agricultural and who is profiting from take a stronger stance incredible hardship, activities on their land. Australian bank timber production. on land rights ” customers took action. After 12 months of They wrote 13,000 letters painstaking research, Oxfam uncovered to the banks, spread the word through social links between Australia’s big four banks and media, signed Oxfam’s petition, and raised the companies facing allegations of land grabs. Its issue at the banks’ annual general meetings. 2014 report – Banking on Shaky Ground – used evidence-based case studies to show that In November 2014 NAB and Westpac both The Commonwealth Bank, ANZ, Westpac, and responded to public pressure with new lending National Australia Bank (NAB) were backing policies that take a stronger stance on land

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rights. Westpac committed to only lending to agribusiness clients who respect the principle of free, prior, and informed consent for all communities. NAB clearly articulated its land rights commitments, including new reporting on land issues.

This was an important success for Oxfam in the fight to help vulnerable communities secure a fair share of natural resources. Oxfam will continue to work with the Australian public to press the banks to take a Zero Tolerance approach to land grabs, with increased transparency and Omlaing meaningful redress for affected communities. cambodia Oxfam also works through local partners to support communities in their fight to regain land Ms. No Phon (54) - wife of Mr. Vaen Mak - or achieve fair compensation. works in the family’s rice field. The family lost 3.5 hectares of land when Phnom Penh Sugar evicted them to build the plantation.

Photo © Thomas Cristofoletti/Ruom/OxfamAUS

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section 6.3.3 Hope for the farmers of Paanama, Sri Lanka

In 2011, 350 farming families Oxfam’s partner, the Social Development Foundation National Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka from Paanama were evicted (SDF) first raised concerns about the Paanama and the UN Human Rights Council on behalf of the land grab in 2011, and this and other cases were community. Their case was also strengthened by the military to make way logged and publicised in a national network - through publicity achieved through local, national for a tourist hotel. For over The Land Forum. Due to increasing number of and international media. four years, they were denied violations in Paanama, Kalpitiya, Sampur, Jaffna, Mullikulam, and Colombo, the Forum transformed The villagers of Paanama are not back on their land access to their land, even to into a more dynamic and representative network - yet and the fight to gain possession continues. But farm. In February 2015, the Sri The People’s Alliance for Right to Land (PARL). their struggle has given hope to other communities Lankan government through facing similar violations, and joining in collective Oxfam’s facilitated the PARL network, bringing affected action, they have helped to create stronger a cabinet decision released communities, legal service providers, research, civil society activism on land rights in Sri Lanka. most of their land, thanks to advocacy, and campaigning organizations together Oxfam has invested in an awareness programme collective action by Oxfam and to achieve impact through collective action on in Eastern province so that communities can land rights. In Sri Lanka, this meant challenging the continue to document their cases and take the People’s Alliance for Right military and other powerful institutions and to achieve remedial action through the PARL network. to Land (PARL). success, it was essential develop an articulate, well-integrated, and visible national campaign. More importantly, the collective action of Oxfam and the PARL network, with pressure The Paanama community were helped to file court from domestic courts and international bodies, cases and PARL members also petitioned the has resulted in the Sri Lankan Government

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backtracking from its practice of seizing land using the military. In most places like Sampur, “pressure created Jaffna, and Mullikulam, the Government has taken steps to release most of the land back and to offer alternative land to the people. Pressure through national created through national and international initiatives has pushed the Government to provide solutions for land issues, such as resolving and international land claims for conflict-affected people in the Northern and Eastern provinces. initiatives has pushed Working on land rights is complex and for Oxfam this means being able to work at many different levels and being able to navigate visible and invisible the government to power dynamics. It also involves stepping back from centre stage to focus on supporting and building the capacity of others. Future plans include provide solutions launching a campaign to further joint ownership of land for women, establishing a database for all research reports and media products, and setting for land issues” up a hotline in selected areas for immediate advice.

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paanama sri lanka

Paanama villages stage a protest in Arugambay, a famous tourist destination close to their land.

Photo © Oxfam

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section 6.3.4 Safeguarding World Bank standards

At a global level, the World In October 2014, a Roundtable in Washington Speakers told of villagers being evicted to Bank spends USD 50 billion DC was organized by Oxfam (in alliance with make way for dam construction, conservation the Forest People’s projects, and rubber each year in developing Programme, Heinrich “The Roundtable brought plantations. Another countries and as such it is Boell Foundation, and decision-makers at the Bank case from Guatemala vital that its investments Inclusive Development illustrated how ‘land International) to together with policy experts titling’ programs could protect, or at least do no persuade the Bank to and southern partners from lead to exclusion of harm, to poor or vulnerable strengthen protection gUatemala, Cambodia, Laos the customary rights communities. The Bank policies. The of indigenous people. Roundtable brought and Kenya to discuss the Senior Bank staff later is currently re-writing its decision-makers at extent to which the rights said that the event ‘Safeguard’ policies and 2014- the Bank together of vulnerable communities was one of the most 15 was the optimum year for with policy experts influential inputs to its and southern partners were being violated ” thinking on the new Oxfam to help shape the vital from Guatemala, Safeguards. Oxfam ‘Phase 2” consultation process. Cambodia, Laos, and Kenya to discuss the extent then mobilized its worldwide network to attend to which the rights of vulnerable communities public consultations with the Bank to press home were being violated. demands – from Ethiopia to China, Paraguay to Tajikistan, Tanzania to Vietnam.

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As well as financing development the world Voluntary Guidelines on Land Tenure secured backed up by action. This means both working over, the World Bank Group is also a thought- at the Committee on Food Security and the to support communities directly harmed by leader and adviser to developing country African Union’s Land Policy Initiative. Land Bank lending to seek justice and redress as governments and other donors like the new rights also feature in the new Sustainable well as continuing to press for the highest BRICS banks. As a key influencer in its own Development Goals and together these standards when the Bank’s Safeguards are right, building a strong relationship with the advances will create further opportunities for finalized next year. Bank – whether as an ally or target for lobbying - Oxfam to hold individuals, governments, and is critical for achieving long-term and beneficial multilateral development banks (such as the New The issue of land is a powerful illustration of the change. If the Bank establishes stronger Development Bank or the Asian Infrastructure level of inequality in the world - between the safeguards for vulnerable communities, a Investment Bank) to account to the same, or powerful and the vulnerable, men and women, ‘ripple-effect’ is likely, with other powerful higher standards. rich and poor - intimately connecting Oxfam’s institutions following suit. work to sustain food and natural resources, with Despite these stronger policies on another influential campaign – Even it up - which In recent years significant momentum has land governance, there remains a huge aims to secure sufficient development finance been achieved at a global level to establish ‘implementation gap’ and Oxfam’s work is in the world for everyone to have access to new standards on land, for example the increasingly about ensuring that fine words are essential services.

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 101 section 7 Financing for Development

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 102 h o m e / s e c t i o n 7 f I n a n c i n g f o r D e v e l o pm e n t jointly with more than 350 partners we reached 1,600,000 beneficiaries in more than 230 projects

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s e c t i o n 7 contents

7.1 introduction 105 7.2 shaping the debate on extreme inequality 106 7.3 ‘I have the right’ to education 109 7.4 Aid works: UK enshrines 0.7% 111 7.5 My Rights, My Voice 112

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section 7.1 introduction

The gap between rich and poor Such stark inequality is not inevitable: it is the Over the next five years, Oxfam seeks to bring is spiraling out of control. result of political and economic choices. The about positive competition between decision- rules are rigged in favor of the rich at the expense makers on game-changing progressive policies Just 80 individuals have the of the many. While the wealth and power of the that fight inequality, backed up by a solid new same wealth as half the people few grows, the poorest get left behind. political and economic orthodoxy that extreme on our planet. Such extreme inequality is wrong and stands in the way of It doesn’t have to be like this. The rules can be people claiming their rights. economic inequality hurts changed, inequalities can be reversed – this is everyone, damaging economic the essence of Oxfam’s Even It Up! campaign. The History shows that the stranglehold of elites can growth, fuelling crime, and rules on tax can be changed to make sure that be broken by the actions of ordinary people and the rich pay their fair share. Increased spending the widespread demand for progressive policies. standing in the way of ending on public health and education is possible to give Reversing economic, political, and gender global poverty. poor people a fighting chance. We can demand inequalities requires empowering citizens, and fair wages for everyone. We can make sure the especially women, to hold governments, donors, poorest are heard by those in power. and the private sector to account on how revenue is raised and spent. As more women, men, girls, and boys exercise their universal rights, they will demand changes to the systems that have led to today’s inequality explosion.

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section 7.2 Shaping the debate on extreme inequality

This year saw an eruption in 30 October 2014 – Even it up! Oxfam’s new campaign – Even It Up! – is global discussion of inequality. changing the current orthodoxy that inequality The number of billionaires has doubled since is acceptable and inevitable. It is strengthening In October 2014 a hard- the financial crisis as inequality spirals out of citizen and civil society voice, and helping hitting report (Even it Up: Time control. In the same period at least a million galvanize policy and practice changes that can to End Extreme Inequality) mothers have died in childbirth due to a lack of reverse economic, gender, and social inequalities basic health services. which include providing: launched Oxfam’s ambitious From Ghana to Germany, “This report is a call to free public health and South Africa to Spain, education for everyone new campaign to achieve game- action for a common good. changing results over five years. the gap between rich so the poor are not left and poor is widening. we must answer that call ” behind; decent wages for Three months later, another all workers; progressive briefing (Wealth: Having It All In 2013, seven out of 10 people lived in countries taxation so the rich pay their fair share, and and Wanting More) provided where economic inequality is worse than 30 years political voice for all, including the poorest. ago. In 2015, 80 people owned as much wealth as more evidence of the problem the poorest half of humanity – 3.5 billion people The report that launched the campaign (Even of extreme inequality, helping share between them the same amount of wealth it Up: Time to End Extreme Inequality) presents Oxfam take the World Economic as those 80 wealthiest people. Such extreme new evidence that the gap between rich and economic inequality stands in the way of ending poor is growing ever wider and is undermining Forum in Davos by storm. global poverty, and widens other inequalities like poverty eradication. Drawing from case studies the gap between women and men. around the world, it clearly shows the causes

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of today’s inequality crisis, and offers concrete and civil society organizations are also taking up At the Forum, the world’s political and business solutions for overcoming them. the cause, and making use of Oxfam’s research elites meet thought-leaders from development, and statistics to call for change. civil society and other sectors to generate The impact of the report is reflected in the breakthrough thinking and powerful global number of high-profile endorsements from 21 January 2015 – Davos partnerships with potential to achieve substantial influential figures, including Jeffrey Sachs, change in the world. Director of the Earth Institute, who said: “Oxfam In the run up to the World Economic Forum in Davos, has done it again: a powerful call to action Oxfam launched Wealth: Having It All and Wanting Winnie Byanyima, Oxfam’s Executive Director, was against the rising trend of inequality across the More, a research paper showing that by 2016, the invited to co-chair the Davos Forum in January 2015 world.” Kofi Annan, former Secretary-General of richest one per cent will have more wealth than – a solid platform from which to denounce extreme the United Nations and Nobel Laureate wrote: the remaining 99 per cent of the world’s population inequality. In her opening speech, Winnie warned “This valuable report by Oxfam is an exploration of – unless the current trend of rising inequality delegates that the explosion in inequality cripples the problems caused by extreme inequality and is checked. Members of this global elite had an the fight against global poverty, at a time when one in the policy options governments can take to build average wealth of USD 2.7 million per adult in 2014. nine people do not have enough to eat and more than a fairer world, with equal opportunities for us all. a billion people still live on less than USD 1.25 a day. This report is a call to action for a common good. Oxfam and others helped to shine a spotlight on the We must answer that call.” undue power of these elite: in advance of the Forum Coverage during the Forum was unprecedented, in Davos, with Action Aid, Greenpeace, Civicus, Awid, breaking all media records in Oxfam’s history. The campaign has had thousands of media hits and Oxfam reminding global decision-makers in a The ‘80 richest’ story achieved a record-breaking in over 100 countries and been trending in social joint statement that “Building a just and sustainable 4,291 media hits on 19 January 2015, when media from Colombia to South Africa. Other NGOs world means challenging the power of the 1%”. Oxfam’s second inequality research paper was

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launched (Wealth: Having it All). Winnie was the most influential WEF tweeter on 21 January, in the top five most influential women on Twitter globally.

Christine Lagarde (Head of the IMF) acknowledged that the terms of the debate on inequality had shifted, crediting Oxfam’s influence, and subsequently called for the creation of a new IMF team on inequality. Oxfam also had positive feedback from Jim Yong Kim of the World Bank world and Sam Kutesa, President of the UN General Assembly. Dozens more high-level delegates economic publicly and privately supported Oxfam’s calls for forum reforming the global corporate tax system. 2015 Inequality is not inevitable. Oxfam is using its influence and mobilizing people, urging leaders Winnie Byanyima, Executive Director around the world to make sure everyone has a at Oxfam International, speaking at fair say, pays their fair share of tax, has equal the 2015 World Economic Forum. access to good healthcare and education, and

Photo © WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM/swiss-image.ch/Photo Remy Steinegger decent wages.

108 home / section 7 / 7.3 ‘I have the r i g h t ’ t o e d u c at i o n

section 7.3 ‘I have the right’ to education

India’s Right to Education Act It took seven years for the government get to the out of school children in India come from came into force in April 2010, a point at which the RTE Act came into force the poorest and most marginalized families. The (after constitutional journey that a child and provides eight years of amendment in 2002) “Oxfam took to the streets makes from receiving free and compulsory education – and Oxfam argues a basic education, to and the Internet to rally to all children between the that the same length of achieving a better job, time can’t elapse again citizens to demand better to earning more money, ages of six and 14 years. before equal access to IMPlementation of the act to contributing more to Thanks to the RTE Act, 199 education is realized. society - is a clear and by the government ” million children are in school The Indian Government undisputable path to a set a final deadline of better life. It’s a shame and studying. 31 March 2015 to fully comply with the Act but that the government of India can’t make the it fell woefully short of this, with just eight per connection between education for all and the However, 6 million children between 6 and 13 cent of all schools in all of India being compliant. opportunity this brings for future prosperity. years are still not in school and the majority At the current rate of progress, it will take India of these children belong to the three most another 63 years to achieve the standards that it The RTE Act captures a set of common standards marginalized groups in India today – Dalits has set for itself. – norms and processes – to which schools must (32.4%), Tribals (16.6%) and Muslims (25.7%). comply in areas such infrastructure, teacher Oxfam is campaigning to hold the government Education is one of the best equalizers - and training, and evaluation. Those schools that do to account for its lack of will and investment one of the best tools that governments have not meet these requirements are considered non- in education. for creating a fairer society. It is criminal that compliant. With a large number of schools being

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non-compliant, the student retention rates are adversely affected. The low quality of education that children receive is one of the main reasons why two out of five children drop out before completing elementary education. Early drop out from school is a major contributor to insecure employment, poor working conditions and lower wages later in life (ILO 2006).

In 2014-15, Oxfam took to the streets and the Internet to rally citizens to demand better implementation of the act by the government. Over 434,000 people joined the call – Haq banta hai – ‘I have the right’. With Oxfam’s bihar state help, they demanded that the Education india Minister immediately respond with a clear and accountable roadmap for achieving full Village children attending a class at implementation of the RTE Act within three years. the local school, Jahle Bhongia village, Oxfam is building a momentum and the campaign Bihar State, India. will continue until all children in India realize their

Photo © Chris Stowers/Oxfam right to a basic education.

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section 7.4 AID WORKS: UK enshrines 0.7%

In the UK, public support for In 2014, an opportunity arose to enshrine this urge MPs to turn up and vote at each stage of the international aid has been commitment in law, via a Private Members Bill Bill’s passage through parliament. from Michael Moore MP. declining in recent years, Oxfam’s objective was “Media coverage generated The campaign was particularly since the financial to demonstrate public heated debate – and Oxfam successful, overcoming crash of 2008. Sections of support for international and other NGOs used print every hurdle opponents aid, and to inspire put in its way, and the Bill the media have been highly Members of Parliament and digital communications became law in March 2015. critical of aid, pushing hard and Peers to support the to continue to press home The passing of the Bill was for the UK Government to Bill. It couldn’t, of course, arguments in favor of aid ” a culmination of decades do this alone. A coalition of campaigning to retain reduce the aid budget. effort – ‘Turn Up Save this level of spending on Lives’ - would be required to mobilize supporters of aid from one of the world’s richest nations. Despite this, senior figures in all major political the UK’s leading international NGOs. Media coverage parties continued to express support for generated heated debate – and Oxfam and other It was also hugely symbolic, putting the UK in a strong international aid and in 2013, the UK government NGOs used print and digital communications to position to lobby other rich countries to follow spent 0.7 per cent of GNI on aid for the first continue to press home arguments in favor of aid. suit. This is not to say that Oxfam believes that time, making them the first G7 country to meet a aid is the solution to poverty alleviation, but rather commitment originally made in 1970. This equated Together with its allies, Oxfam undertook than it plays an important role. A cut in aid would not to an ODA budget of £11.4 billion in 2013-14. extensive direct advocacy, collaborated with just have been harmful in practical terms; it would sympathetic MPs, and mobilised supporters to have also risked sending a very negative message to the rest of the world about the UK’s priorities.

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section 7.5 My Rights, My Voice

Children and young people My Rights, My Voice (MRMV) has achieved with young people, empowering them to advocate have huge potential to impressive results this year. Young people are for their own needs. In many countries, young becoming empowered, people took over from transform their lives and not just in their “In many countries, young Oxfam and partner communities. With the communities, but People took over from organizations, designing right skills, support and also as influencers oxfam and partner and delivering activities of national policy. to raise awareness opportunities they can be a Oxfam saw significant organizations, designing of their health and driving force to break the cycle progress in the and delivering activities to education needs. of poverty so many are born willingness of duty- raise awareness of their bearers to engage In Georgia, the Ministry into. To achieve their potential, with young people health and education needs ” of Health adapted their rights to health and and strong evidence and improved medical education must be fulfilled. of concrete action taken as a direct result prescription processes, incorporating views of of lobbying and advocacy in all countries MRMV partners and representatives. Georgi, 18, (Afghanistan, Georgia, Mali, Nepal, Niger, a member of the MRMV Youth Advisory Board, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Vietnam). says, “I took part in a youth forum dedicated to International Children’s Day where I spoke about In five MRMV countries, national-level policies health rights for children. I hope that everyone in were changed as a direct result of program inputs. Georgia and all over the world is able to benefit This is the result of deliberate capacity-building from their right to health services.”

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Afghanistan’s Ministry of Youth Affairs involved young people and children. The Deputy Prime thousands of young people (in each of the focus young people in drafting a new youth policy, Minister made a public commitment to improve countries) have shown that they are more than ratified by the government in August 2014. Layla, services – an excellent example of advocacy capable of designing and delivering their own a youth group member, says: “Before MRMV, I leading to fairer public spending. activities, and representing themselves in local couldn’t imagine going into society, but now I and national government spaces. “What I like about have the right to participate in public life and In Arusha, Tanzania, girls’ school enrolment increased MRMV is that it gives young people the space to to advocate for my rights.” The government of 47 per cent as a direct result of MRMV’s work. Oxfam express their needs, connect with decision-makers Vietnam also developed a national program to also saw clear evidence of changing attitudes to and claim their rights to a better future,” says Aissa incentivize children based on MRMV approaches. young women, as increasing numbers of girls won (21), Member of a Youth Advisory Board, Mali. leadership positions in student elections. In Mali, many schools have used a MRMV Tanzania e-learning platform to teach young people about The MRMV program has consistently pushed itself to sexual and reproductive health (SRH); a service learn from the extraordinary energy, openness, and In Tanzania, 66 schools in rural areas have been which is likely to be integrated into the National creativity of young people, and this has required transformed through young people forming elected Curriculum. In Pakistan, over 250,000 people (and an open and flexible approach in which MRMV student councils (barazas). In the first year, Oxfam counting) supported a SRH campaign via pledge has shown a high level of trust and confidence in and its partners focused on engaging students cards, social media and texts. In Mali, Nepal, and youth, and has stood back to give them the space and making them aware of their rights, and those Niger, young people decided to do more work to develop their own agendas and activities. of their teachers. They were given training in how on preventing child marriage and female genital to run leadership elections, organize meetings and mutilation. Young people in Nepal also lobbied In 2014-15, the focus of MRMV was on young liaise with school management committees, and MPs to address poor health provision for women, people taking ownership of the program and girls were given additional mentoring to develop

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their confidence and leadership skills. Parents and community members were also involved to strengthen the overall approach.

Students, through their elected councils, have held teachers to account for discharging their teaching duties effectively, promoting trust and cooperation, and enhancing school attainment as a result. They also successfully changed attitudes to corporate punishment by taking the issue to school leaders, and enlisting the support of district education officers, and local authorities. Heavy and illegal punishment has dailekh now been eliminated from all MRMV schools. district “Before MRMV, girls were afraid to lead in school. nepal Now, I am proud that we currently have a girl as our Head Prefect. I benefitted a lot from Participatory video project, the program and it has given me courage and Dailekh district, Nepal. confidence,” says Elizabeth (18), MRMV student

Photo © Oxfam baraza leader, Tanzania.

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 114 section 8 Our Supporters

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section 8.1 introduction

Oxfam is deeply grateful for the continued and generous “By giving support of all our friends. Your commitment and passion your support, is an inspiration.

Emergency appeals, leaving a legacy, sponsored you become part of events, innovative partnerships with brilliant businesses – we do whatever it takes to help people run, bake, trek, knit, spend, give or even a global movement sky-dive their way to a world without poverty. By giving your support, you become part of a global movement to end poverty for everyone, for good. to end poverty for everyone, for good”

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section 8.2 oxfam trailwalker in hong kong

Oxfam Trailwalker is one of At the 2015 event, more than 12,500 poverty, Chan has helped the Oxfam Trailwalker the world’s largest hiking people - including walkers, volunteers, flourish over the years. He established the support team members, sponsors and other ‘Trailwalker Teaching Room’ and volunteers fundraising events. Since it supporting organisations - demonstrated the his time to help pass on the trailwalking spirit began in Hong Kong in 1981, ‘trailwalking spirit’: partnership. A total of 5,200 and experience to the younger generation and Oxfam Trailwalker in Hong Kong participants, in teams of four, took up the other hikers. His students include young drug 100 km challenge by walking over 20 hills and rehabilitants, autistic youths, monks and nuns, has seen more than 88,000 mountains along the rugged MacLehose Trail doctors, and housewives. He always encourages hikers raise over HK$470 and other trails within 48 hours. participants by saying, ‘We should strive to do millions to help Oxfam’s reduce our best to not only finish the trail, but also to Among the walkers last year was Chan Kwok raise as much money as possible to help reduce poverty. The event has now Keung, a Trailwalker veteran who has participated poverty around the world’. With the support of our extended from Hong Kong to 15 in 30 different Oxfam Trailwalker events around ardent Trailwalkers like Chan and other partners, other cities in 10 countries. the world over the last 20 years. With passion for we are able to bring positive change to the lives the event and sharing Oxfam’s vision of ending of vulnerable people around the world.

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 117 home / section 8 / 8 . 2 o x f a m t r a i l w a l k e r i n h o n g k o n g trailwalker hong kong

Walkers gear up for Oxfam Trailwalker 2015.

Photo © Oxfam Hong Kong

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section 8.3 our supporters in mexico city

October 2014 saw the Speaking to members of the team it seems that fix this country and that Oxfam can do a lot in launch of a new Face to Face their passion to be part of the change in their this sense. I’m also convinced that we are a country has been the key to their success. viable and tangible option to do our bit to help fundraising campaign in “I’ve never done anything like this before” says and to build a better world for everyone.” The the heart of Mexico City. Daniela Guidarelli, who was named Global Face teams have signed up over 4,000 new regular to Face Fundraiser of the Year 2014-2015. donors to date, and are looking to expand, Our new recruits took to the streets in order to “However, I’m convinced of the urgent need to launching teams in a second city in 2016. invite members of the public to join the fight against poverty in Mexico and worldwide by becoming supporting members of Oxfam. Giving on a monthly basis is a relatively new concept “their passion to be part in Mexico, and Oxfam is not a household name so teams knew they had a challenge on their hands! But their task is an important one; of the change in their more than half of Mexico’s population lives in poverty. And while Mexico is the 14th world economy, the country shows a high level of country has been the key extreme inequality. to their success”

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mexico city mexico

Face to Face Fundraising team in Mexico.

Photo © Oxfam Mexico

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section 8.4 Ewan Ogilvy, Bequestor and Member, Australia

“I can’t remember why Because Oxfam covers the breadth of my I first became involved with interests, it appeals to me. I like the way they work in partnerships with local people to Oxfam, but I know why I’m campaign for the environment, clean water, still interested. health or humanitarian issues — a bit of what they do, is a bit of what I’m passionate about! “And Oxfam aligns with my values — that’s important to me too.

Because of changing life circumstances, I’ve decided it’s time to update my Will and I plan to include a gift to Oxfam. I want to use my funds to practical ends, and I have confidence that Oxfam will be there to do that for me.”

ewan ogilvy

Photo © Amy Christian / OxfamAUS

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 121 section 9 income and expenditure

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section 9.1 income

CONSOLIDATED MONETARY VALUE OF FUNDING RECEIVED BY SOURCE

Reporting period: 1st April 2014 – 31st March 2015. All figures in millions of Euros.

Revenue by Source € Million % Revenue by Source € Million % Institutional Fundraising €458.5 43.7% Public Fundraising €381.8 36.4% UN and UN Institutions €62.0 5.9% Fundraising Events €20.0 1.9%

EU and EU Institutions €82.8 7.9% Humanitarian Appeals €36.8 3.5%

Other Supranational Institutions €4.8 0.5% Regular Giving €152.2 14.5%

Home Government Institutions €233.4 22.2% Single Gifts €61.2 5.8%

Other Governments €47.5 4.5% Bequests €32.7 3.1%

NGO & Other €27.8 2.6% Lotteries €15.1 1.4%

Associated Organizations €0.2 0.0% Other Corporate, Trust & Foundation Donations €45.8 4.4%

Other Public Fundraising €18.0 1.7% Interest and Investment Revenue €11.0 1.0% Trading Revenue* €185.8 17.7% Other Income €12.5 1.2% Total Income €1,049.6 100.0%

* Trading Revenue figures are gross – no trading costs have been deducted.

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THE SIX LARGEST DONORS AND THE MONETARY VALUE OF THEIR CONTRIBUTION

Reporting period: 1st April 2014 – 31st March 2015. All figures in millions of Euros.

€ Million Income and Expenditure € Million Home Government Institutions €233.4 Total Income €1,050

Trading Revenue* €185.8 Total Expenditure €1,015 Regular Giving (Public Fundraising) €152.2 Excess of Income over Expenditure €35 EU and EU Institutions (Institutional Fundraising) €82.8 Single Gifts (Public Fundraising) €61.2 Balance Sheet € Million UN and UN Institutions €62.0 Total Assets €717 Total 6 largest donors €777.4 Total Liabilities €326 Net Assets €391 NET Trading Revenue: € Million Trading Revenue €185.8

Trading Costs €145.8 NET Trading Revenue €40.0

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section 9.2 expenditure

Oxfam Confederation Expenditure*

Reporting period: 1st April 2014 – 31st March 2015. All figures in millions of Euros.

Category € Million % Program €706 70% Program Implementation €594 59%

Development & Humanitarian €535 53%

Influencing €59 6%

Program Management €112 11%

Non-program €297 30% Management & Administration €63 6%

Fundraising-Marketing €88 9%

Institutional Fundraising €5 1%

Public Fundraising & Marketing €83 8%

Trading €146 15%

Total Expenditure €1,003 100% * Expenditure figures do not include €11.6 million of losses.

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PROGRAM EXPENDITURE

Reporting period: 1st April 2014 – 31st March 2015. All figures in millions of Euros.

1.7% 2.0% 19.5% Oxfam Regions € Million % Other* Pacific Global Level Allocation Global Level Allocation €137.6 19.5% 2.9% South America East & Central Africa €54.3 7.7% Horn of Africa €63.5 9.0% 5.3% Central America, Mexico & West Africa €93.8 13.3% the Caribbean Southern Africa €35.4 5.0% 7.7% 2.2% East & Central Maghreb & Middle East €83.6 11.8% Eastern Europe & Africa Former Soviet Union Spend per East Asia €79.8 11.3% 8.3% region South Asia €58.4 8.3% South Asia Eastern Europe & Former Soviet Union €15.8 2.2% 11.3% 9.0% East Asia Central America, Mexico & the Caribbean €37.3 5.3% Horn of Africa

South America €20.3 2.9% 11.8% Pacific €11.9 1.7% Maghreb & 13.3% Middle East West Africa Other* €14.2 2.0% 5.0% Total €705.9 100% Southern Africa

* The category “Other” includes Regional Level Allocations for: Africa; Horn, East & Central Africa; Latin America & the Caribbean; as well as program spend in Western Europe and North America

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PROGRAM EXPENDITURE

Reporting period: 1st April 2014 – 31st March 2015. All figures in millions of Euros.

10.7% 12.9% Change Goals € Million % essential Active services citizens Active Citizens €91.1 12.9% 8.3% Gender Justice €76.6 10.9% access to natural resources Saving Lives €248.8 35.2% 10.9% gender justice Sustainable Food €155.3 22.0% Spend by

Access to Natural Resources €58.6 8.3% change goal Essential Services €75.5 10.7% 22.0% sustainable Total €705.9 100% food 35.2% saving lives

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PROGRAM EXPENDITURE FOR THE TOP 20 COUNTRIES REPRESENTS 262.2 million EUROs OR 42% OF TOTAL PROGRAM EXPENDITURE

Reporting period: 1st April 2014 – 31st March 2015. All figures in millions of Euros.

Top 20 Countries € Million 5 10 15 20 25 30 South Sudan €29.3 Palestinian Territory, Occupied €27.9 Congo, The Democratic Republic of The €24.5 Philippines €24.1 Pakistan €18.1 Mali €17.4 Ethiopia €16.7 Yemen €15.4 Niger €12.6 China €11.0 Myanmar €10.8 Mozambique €10.8 Bangladesh €10.8 Chad €10.8 Haiti €10.2 Somalia €10.0 Afghanistan €9.8 Kenya €9.4 Lebanon €8.6 India €8.0 Total for top 20 Countries €296.1

OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 128 h o m e / section 10 conta c t

Oxfam America Oxfam GB Oxfam Japan Chair: Juan Alberto Fuentes Chair: Joe Loughrey Chair: Karen Brown Chair: Yoshiko Namise Treasurer: Bob Humphreys Director: Raymond Offenheiser Director: Mark Goldring Director: Hideaki Nakagawa 226 Causeway Street, 5th Floor Oxfam House, John Smith Drive, Maruko bldg. 2F Winnie Byanyima: Oxfam Boston, MA 02114-2206, USA Cowley, Oxford, OX4 2JY, UK 1-20-6, Higashi-Ueno, Taito-ku International Executive Director Tel: + 1 617 482 1211 Tel: + 44 1865 473727 Tokyo 110-0015 Japan Patrick Canagasingham: s e c t i o n 1 0 (Toll-free: 1 800 77 OXFAM) Email: [email protected] Tel: + 81 3 3834 1556 Chief Operating Officer Email: [email protected] www.oxfam.org.uk Email: [email protected] Rosa Sala: 2020 Project Change and www.oxfamamerica.org www.oxfam.jp Coordination Unit Director Oxfam Hong Kong Theo Bouma: Director of Oxfam Australia Chair: Josephine Chesterton Oxfam Mexico Confederation Development Chair: Dennis Goldner Director: Trini Leung Chair: Jesús Cantu Escalante Franc Cortada: Director of Global contact Director: Helen Szoke 17/F, China United Centre, 28 Marble Director: Ricardo Fuentes Nieva Programs 132 Leicester Street, Carlton, Road, North Point, Hong Kong Alabama 105 Col Nápoles, Barney Tallack: Director of Strategy Victoria, 3053, Australia Tel: + 852 2520 2525 Delegación Benito Juárez Celine Charveriat: Director of Tel: + 61 3 9289 9444 Email: [email protected] C.P. 03810 México Advocacy and Campaigns Email: [email protected] www.oxfam.org.hk Tel: + 52 55 5687 3002 / 3203 Irwin Fernandes: Associate Director www.oxfam.org.au Email: [email protected] of Public Engagement Oxfam is a world-wide development Oxfam India www.oxfammexico.org Rene Bujard: Associate Global Oxfam-in-Belgium Chair: Kiran Karnik Human Resources Director organization that mobilizes the power Chair: Guido van Hecken Director: Nisha Agrawal Oxfam New Zealand Adrie Papma: Associate Director Director: Stefaan Declercq 2nd Floor, 1 Community Centre, Chair: Joanna Collinge Shared Services of people against poverty. We are a Rue des Quatre Vents 60, New Friends Colony, New Delhi, 110 Director: Rachael Le Mesurier Esha van der Hulst: 1080 Brussels, Belgium 065 India PO Box 68357 Level 1, 14 West Street Chief Financial Officer confederation of 17 organizations working Tel: + 32 2 501 6700 Tel: + 91 (0) 11 4653 8000 Newton, AUK 1145 New Zealand Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tel: + 64 9 355 6500 Oxfam International together in more than 90 countries. www.oxfamsol.be www.oxfamindia.org Email: [email protected] Advocacy Offices www.oxfam.org.nz Email: advocacy@ Oxfam Canada Oxfam Intermón (Spain) oxfaminternational.org Chair: Margaret Hancock Chair: Xavier Torra Balcells Oxfam Novib (Netherlands) The Oxfam International Secretariat provides co- Director: Julie Delahanty Director: José Maria Vera Villacián Chair: Hanzo van Beusekom Washington ordination and support to the Confederation. 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OXFAM ANNUAL REPORT 2014 - 2015 129 OXFAM is a world-wide development organization that mobilizes the power of people against poverty