[Jpn. J. PaiasitoL, VoL 37, No. 5, 269-322, October, 1988] A Subsequent Monograph of Cercariae in Japan (1962- 1988) JIRO ITO* (Received for publication; April 11, 1988) CONTENTS (Fig. 26) 27. Cercaria misakiana Shimura et Ito, 1980 (Fig. Introduction 27) Chronological Review of References on Cercariae in 28. Cercaria brachycaeca Shimura et Ito, 1980 Japan (Fig. 28) Special Treatise PART I. Additional New Species of Cercariae PART II. Additional Data to the Former Mono (1962-1988) graph 1. Cercaria shizuokaensis Ito, 1978 (Fig. 1) 1. Cercaria pseudodivaricata (Ando, 1918) 2. Cercaria of pharyngostomum cordatum (Fig. 2. Cercaria longissima (Suzuki et Nishio, 1914) 2) (Fig. A) 3. Cercaria of Holostephanus nipponicus (Fig. 3) 3. Cercaria of Schistosoma faponicum 4. Cercaria of Trichobilharzia brevis (Fig. 4) 4. Cercaria of Giganthobilharzia sturniae 5. Cercaria of Amblosoma suwaense (Fig. 5) 5. Cercaria of Pseudobilharzia corvi 6. Cercaria nigrofurca Ito, 1978 (Fig. 6) 6. Cercaria of Trichobilharzia physellae 7. Cercaria sp. by Shimura et al, 1982 (Fig. 7) 7. Cercaria of Trichobilharzia sp. 8. Cercaria sp. by Kajiyama et al, 1980 (No 8. Cercaria senoi (Senoo, 1903) figure) 9. Cercaria of Echinostoma cinetorch is 9. Cercaria cristophora Ito, 1978 (Fig. 9) 10. Cercaria of Echinostoma hortense 10. Cercaria itoi Shimura, 1984 (Fig. 10) 11. Cercaria of Echinostoma revolutum 11. Cercaria of Homalogaster paloniae (Fig. 11) \2. Cercaria of Echinoparyphium recurvatum 12. Cercaria miyagiensis Komiya, 1967 (Fig. 12) 13. Cercaria of Echinochasmus tobi 13. Cercaria sp. by Miyamoto, 1981 (No figure) 14. Cercaria of Fasciola sp. 14. Cercaria corbiculae Shimura, 1983 (Fig. 14) 15. Cercaria of Diplodiscus japonicus 15. Cercaria batillariae Shimura et Ito, 1980 (Fig. 16. Cercaria of Notocotylus magniovatus 15) 17. Cercaria of Clonorchis sinensis 16. Cercaria isoninae Ito et Shimura, 1980 (Fig. 18. Cercaria of Metagonimus yokogawai 16) 19. Cercaria of Metagonimus takahashii 17. Cercaria rhipidocaudata Shimura et Kudo, 20. Cercaria of Centrocestus armatus 1983 (Fig. 17) 21. Cercaria of Centrocestus nycticoracis 18. Cercaria of Maritrema setoensis (Fig. 18) 22. Cercaria of Centrocestus formosanus 19. Cercaria hosoumininae Shimura et Ito, 1980 2 3. Cer car ia of Pseudexorch is major (Fig. 19) 24. Cercaria pectinata Huet, 1891 (Fig. B) 20. Cercaria of Glypthelmins rugocaudata (Fig. 25. Cercariayoshidae (Osafune, 1898) (Fig. C) 20) 26. Cercaria longicerca Ito, 1953 21. Cercaria of Paragonimus miyazakii (Fig. 21) 27. Cercaria introverta (Ando, 1918) 22. Cercaria of Nanophyetus japonensis (Fig. 22) 28. Cercaria manei Ito, 1960 23. Cercaria sp. by Hatsushika and Maejima, 1978 29. Cercaria of Acanthatrium hitaensis (Fig. 11) 30. Cercaria nipponensis (Asada, 1915) 24. Cercaria sp. by Saito et ai, 1983 (Fig. 24) 31. Cercaria creta (Kobayashi, 1922) 25. Cercaria sp. oy Gyoten, 1981 (No figure) 32. Cer car ia of Plagiorch is muris 26. Cercaria hachijoensis Shimura et Kudo, 1983 33. Cercaria ellipsoidea (Kobayashi, 1918) 34. Cercaria melaniarum (A.ndo, 1918) * Emeritus Professor, Shizuoka University 35. Cercaria incerta (Kobayashi, 1922) Private Address: Oiwa 2-43-1, Shizuoka City, 420 36. Cercaria distyloides (Nakagawa, 1915) Japan 37. Cercaria libertina (Osafune, 1899) (1) 270 38. Cercaria of Paragonimus westermani between trematodes and snails were extended 39. Cercaria of Paragonimus ohirai (Fig. D) not only to the difference in species but also to 40. Cercaria of Paragonimus iloktsuenensis that in strains or localities. 41. Cercaria monostyloides Ito, 1960 42. Cercaria innominatum (Kobayashi, 1918) As for paddy field dermatitis in Japan, 43. Cercaria tapidis (Fujita, 1906) (Fig. E) following the initial report of Tanabe (1948), the occurrence of such dermatitis has been A List of Snail Hosts and Their Cercariae Bibliography of Cercariae in Japan (1962-1988) subsequently reported in about 40 papers throughout 20 prefectures. As a result, the causative agents were attributed to bird Introduction schistosome cercariae such as Giganthobilharzia spp. and Trichobilharzia spp. At present, About ninety years have passed since the discussion on the specific name of these study on cercariae was initiated by Osafune in cercariae is resulting in some agreement among 1898 in Japan. In 1962 the author reviewed the researchers. results of cercarial investigations carried out As far as the morphological study is during the period from 1898 to 1961, entitled concerned, many scanning and transmission as "A Monograph of Cercariae in Japan and electron microscope observations have been Adjacent Territories" in Japanese, which was made on several parasites, including cercariae. translated into English in 1964. Both of these Researchers have investigated mainly Para works were published by the Meguro Parasito- gonimus spp. and Metagonimus spp., hypo logical Museum, Tokyo. In those publications thesizing that differences would exist between more than 160 species of cercariae from Japan the species, but so far only a few differences and adjacent territories were listed and have been observed. illustrated, citing 214 references. Though there were very few studies on Since then, more than 200 scientific works marine cercariae in Japan, Shimura and his including original papers and abstracts of co-workers extensively investigated marine annual meetings of the Japanese Society of cercariae during the period 1980-1984. Un Parasitology, have been published up to the fortunately he could not continue these studies present. From these works 22 new species of because of a change in employment. It is hoped cercariae were added, six species were newly that future studies of marine cercariae will be reported without specific names, and 43 forthcoming. already known species were morphologically Investigations on cercarial fauna have also and/or ecologically investigated. These investi been carried out in several localities such as gations during the period 1962-1988 include Fukuoka, Shimane, Akita, Aomori, Iwate, the following: 1) studies of the host-parasite Yamagata, Hiroshima, Yamanashi, Hokkaido, relationship between snail hosts and cercariae, Fukui, Kanagawa, and Kagawa. In spite of 2) surveys of dermatitis-producing cercariae in discovering several different species of cer the endemic areas of paddy field dermatitis, 3) cariae, those cercariae were merely numbered in morphological observations of cercariae using some reports as No. 1, No. 2, etc. Careful not only the light microscope, but also using morphological observation is necessary for the electron microscope, 4) studies of marine identification, if not so, such records are of cercariae describing or redescribing 12 species little assistance for others. of cercariae. In the present monograph, each study on the With regard to the studies of host-parasite period 1962—1988 is mentioned in chrono relationships, many experiments have been logical order, and reviewed with a short carried out on exposing snails to miracidia of explanation. Next, following the style of the trematodes, especially of Paragonimus spp. and former monograph of 1964, 22 new species and Schistosoma japonicum. Detailed observations six non named species are listed with brief (2) 271 notes and illustrations. Then, additional new rediae and cercariae were found in four out of data on the already known 43 species of five snails examined. In another experiment, cercariae are introduced together with the data rediae and cercariae were found in seven out of in the former monograph. A list of snail hosts 11 snails between 92 and 127 days after and their cercariae is also presented. In the last exposure81^. section, 204 references, including the original papers and the abstracts of annual meetings, are 1964: listed in alphabetical order. However, some "A Monograph of Cercariae in Japan and abstracts are omitted when the same authors Adjacent Territories" was translated into have reported the same results in another paper. English and published by the Meguro Parasito logical Museum again5 3\ Hamajima and Ishii examined 8500 snails of Chronological Review of References on Semisulcospira libertina in Fukuoka Prefecture, Cercariae in Japan and discovered 15 species of cercariae. Those were, Centrocestus armatus, Cercaria yoshidae, (Parenthesized number on the end of line Acanthatrium hitaensis, Pseudexorchis major, indicates the number of reference Metagonimus yokogawai, Cercaria incerta, in the bibliography.) Centrocestus nycticoracis, Echinochasmus tobi, Cercaria nipponensis, Cercaria manei, Cercaria 1962: innominatum, Paragonimus westermani, "A Monograph of Cercariae in Japan and Cercaria libertina, Cercaria mono sty hides, and Adjacent Territories" was published by the Notocotylus magniovatus. Seasonal fluctuation Meguro Parasitological Museum, Tokyo. In this and sex difference in the infection rate of those monograph, all cercariae reported in the period cercariae were reported2x\ of 1898-1961 were listed into 161 species, Kawashima and Miyazaki reported Oncome including 28 non-named cercariae. Notes on lania nosophora was served as a snail host of locality, host, parthenita, cercaria, life cycle, Paragonimus miyazakii experimentally. Rediae and reference were made on each species of and cercariae were found in 86 days or 99 days cercariae with a illustration. Moreover a after exposure. The natural intermediate small detailed explanation on the method for host was not known until that time, because investigation of cercariae, on the morphology this paragonimus was