DOCSLIB.ORG

Arctic Requirements for High Resolution Reanalysis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arctic Requirements for High Resolution Reanalysis Arctic requirements for high resolution reanalysis Harald Schyberg Thanks to: Jun She (DMI), Malte Müller (MET Norway), Trond Iversen (MET Norway) h.schyberg<at>met.no Norwegian Meteorological Institute Outline (1) The increasing importance of the Arctic: changes under global warming, new economic activities, governance (2) Examples of potential users/usage areas for Arctic regional reanalysis (3) Related projects and datasets. How can Arctic regional reanalysis add value to already existing or planned global reanalysis and other datasets (4) Thoughts and suggestions on requirements for design of Arctic reanalysis What do we mean with «the Arctic»? Definitions differ – there is no universally agreed southern border: . The Arctic circle 66° 33ʹ N . From climatology: The July 10°C isotherm (roughly coincides with N border for forest) Here: Will not adhere to a strict definition, but it could be natural for C3S to have an interest in 1. key earth system processes 2. a geographical domain corresponding to European economical/administrative interests Illustration: Igesund/NPI Arctic climate – rapid change is seen Temperatures increasing more rapidly than the global average – the “Arctic Amplification” Sea ice – last 20 years: . Approximately half the summer coverage . Satellite and other data indicate a reduction of the order of 50% in sea ice thickness Summer sea ice volume roughly reduced to ¼ Permafrost temperatures have increased in most regions since the early 1980s Impacts on ecosystems, economic activities, climate feedbacks, … Climate change: The sea ice decline Snow and ice data provided by the National Center for Environmental Prediction/NOAA, NSIDC, U. Bremen Climate change: The sea ice decline (Sept.) Projected and hindcasted September sea ice extent (colors and shading) for IPPC climate models and observations (black line). The shading indicates the one standard deviation range in the hindcasts and projections. Credit: J. Stroeve and A. Barrett, National Snow and Ice Data Center Governance of the Arctic Some main elements: •National states •International agreements •International cooperation entities •Arctic Council •EU has just adapted a new policy for the Arctic Climate monitoring is one input for Arctic governance Governance of the Arctic International legal frameworks that applies to the Arctic: •The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which asserts jurisdictional rights of nations in the various maritime zones. •The Arctic Council is an international, intergovernmental forum - ”the primary body for circumpolar regional cooperation”. (The EU is an ad hoc observer to Arctic Council proceedings, 3 Member States are members of the Arctic Council, Denmark, Finland and Sweden, while seven Member States are permanent observers); Governance of the Arctic On more specialized areas: • The Barents Euro Arctic Council (BEAC) is the forum for intergovernmental and interregional cooperation in the Barents Region. The European Commission is a full member. • The Northern Dimension is a joint policy between the EU, Russia, Norway and Iceland. It was initiated in 1999 and aims at providing a framework to promote dialogue and concrete cooperation in issues such as economy, culture, environment and transport. • Transatlantic Ocean Research Alliance (US-Canada-Europe), the Galway agreement on ocean research, includes the Arctic. • The OSPAR Convention aims to protect the marine environment and ecosystems from emerging threats linked to pollution, maritime activities, together with climate change and increased human presence. • The International Maritime Organisation (IMO), a specialised agency of the United Nations with responsibility for the safety and security of shipping and the prevention of maritime pollution by ships. All EU Member States are IMO Members. The European Commission has an observer status. 27 April 2016: An integrated European Union policy for the Arctic Background: The European Parliament and the Council in 2014 asked the Commission and the High Representative to develop an integrated policy on Arctic matters, with a more coherent framework for EU action and funding programmes. A policy proposal that will guide the actions of the European Union in the Arctic region. 3 main policy objectives: . protecting and preserving the Arctic in cooperation with the people who live there . promoting sustainable use of resources . international cooperation. 39 actions listed An integrated EU policy for the Arctic - some of the 39 actions: • Maintain current funding levels for Arctic research under Horizon 2020 (on average 20 million per year). Around 40 million has already been earmarked for 2016 and 2017 for projects on observation, weather and climate change in the northern hemisphere and permafrost decrease. • Support the transnational access to research infrastructures in the Arctic and the open access to data resources. The EU’s Copernicus space programme is to support international research on climate change in the Arctic. • Enhance coordination between EU funding programmes relevant for the Arctic, identify key investment and research priorities as well as facilitate capacity building of stakeholders to maximise financial support for the region. AMAP Arctic council has six Working Groups. One of them is Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). Project under AMAP: AACA - “Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic” – series of reports Example – some key messages from the draft Barents area AACA assessment • The Arctic will warm faster than the average global warming, and temperature projections suggest a winter-time increase of the order 3-10 ºC between 2015 and 2080 if the future follows the path of RCP4.5. The RCP8.5 scenario may push the warming up to 20 ºC. • A higher proportion of the precipitation is expected to fall as rain in the future, amplified by the sea-ice retreat and increasing the risk of rain-on- snow events • A number of natural hazards are connected to synoptic storms, such as rain- on-snow events, avalanches, and extreme wave heights, but the current projection do not provide robust indications of a change other than a poleward shift in the storm tracks • Polar lows are small and violent storms that represent a risk to activities in the Arctic, and projections for the future suggest less favourable environment for their occurrence 13 Example – some key messages from the draft Barents area AACA assessment (2) • The snow cover extent has decreased most at high latitudes (60-70°N), and the decline of snow cover in Eurasia over 2007-2014 has accelerated compared to earlier periods • The duration of the snow season has decreased, and the melt onset date in spring has advanced about 1-2 weeks in the 1979-2012, and the duration of snow-cover in 2050 will be about 30-40 % less than in 2011 • Observations of the snow quality suggests an increase in very hard snow layers from 1961 to 2009, with harder snow in early winter, more moist snow during spring, and future warming may bring more rain-on-snow events • The permafrost is thawing because of the Arctic warming, and the projected warming and increases in snow thickness will result in near-surface permafrost degradation over large geographic area 14 Some potential use areas for reanalysis • Economic sectors: natural resource exploitation, fisheries, tourism, transportation • Climate system process studies • Climate model validation • Climate change effect studies • Ecosystem change studies: permafrost degradation, increasing runoff, coastal erosion, reduced ice thickness • Arctic Populations/communities commonly distributed along or dependent on coastal waterways and river systems for access and subsistence • Input to governance and resource management • For instance Arctic Council and its “Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme” Managing the risks in economic activities: Reanalysis can contribute . Icing from seaspray . Sea ice, icebergs . Significant wave height . Storms . Extremely low temperature . High wind and low temperature . Currents . Sea states . Darkness 24/7 . Environment The Northern sea route Arcticportal.org Lloyds (2012): «Arctic Opening: Opportunity and Risk in the High North» (1) Some points from analysis of a leading international insurance company: •“Rapid and disruptive change in the Arctic environment presents uneven prospects for investment and economic development. All across the Arctic, changes in climate will create new vulnerabilities for infrastructure and present new design challenges. •The Arctic is likely to attract substantial investment over the coming decade, potentially reaching $100bn or more. However, given the high risk/potentially high reward nature of Arctic investment, this figure could be significantly higher or lower. •Arctic conditions will remain challenging and often unpredictable. Many of the operational risks to Arctic economic development – particularly oil and gas developments, and shipping – amplify one another. At the same time, the resilience of the Arctic’s ecosystems to withstand risk events is weak, and political and corporate sensitivity to a disaster is high.” 18 Lloyds (2012): «Arctic Opening: Opportunity and Risk in the High North» (2) •“The environmental consequences of disasters in the Arctic are likely to be worse than in other regions. •The challenges of Arctic development demand coordinated responses where viable, common standards where possible, transparency and best practice across the north. These frameworks need to be in place to enable sustainable development and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • High Resolution Nwp Modelling of the Atmospheric Conditions Across Vatnajökull (Iceland)
    HIGH RESOLUTION NWP MODELLING OF THE ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS ACROSS VATNAJÖKULL (ICELAND) Laura Rontu1, Friedrich Obleitner2, Sander Tijm3, Christoph Zingerle4, Stefan Gollvik5 1 Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland 2 Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics, Innsbruck University, Austria 3 KNMI, De Bilt, the Netherlands 4 Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics, Innsbruck, Austria 5 Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute E-mail: Laura.Rontu@fmi.fi Abstract: We investigate the skill of an operational NWP model (HIRLAM) to reproduce the near-surface atmospheric conditions across the Vatnajökull Ice Sheet (Iceland). The study focuses on a mesoscale glaciometeorological observation campaign of summer 1996, which provided a wealth of meteorological and glaciological data. The modelling concept is based on nesting fine-scale (2.8km horizontal resolution) hydrostatic HIRLAM experiments into the downscaled ERA40 analyses. The results of a reference run are compared to a subset of observations following a height transect across Brei- damerkurjökull, a southern outlet glacier of Vatnajökull, which reveals some severe deficiencies regarding the treatment of the surface energy balance. Keywords: HIRLAM, parametrization, Vatnajökul Ice Cap, mass and energy balance 1. INTRODUCTION The role of the cryosphere in the global climate system has gained increased attention during the last decades. Thus, much effort has been devoted to enhanced geophysical monitoring of ice sheets and glaciers all over the world, to interpretation of paleoclimatic records or to modelling the interactions between ice masses and the atmosphere. The last decades have seen considerable progress in the understanding of the associated processes, which has been fostered by specific measurement and modelling efforts in different fields of research.
    [Show full text]
  • Article Is Available On- Backs Usually Related to Physical Parameterizations, Which Line At
    Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 1311–1333, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1311-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. HCLIM38: a flexible regional climate model applicable for different climate zones from coarse to convection-permitting scales Danijel Belušic´1, Hylke de Vries2, Andreas Dobler3, Oskar Landgren3, Petter Lind1, David Lindstedt1, Rasmus A. Pedersen4, Juan Carlos Sánchez-Perrino5, Erika Toivonen6, Bert van Ulft2, Fuxing Wang1, Ulf Andrae1, Yurii Batrak3, Erik Kjellström1, Geert Lenderink2, Grigory Nikulin1, Joni-Pekka Pietikäinen6,a, Ernesto Rodríguez-Camino5, Patrick Samuelsson1, Erik van Meijgaard2, and Minchao Wu1 1Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Norrköping, Sweden 2Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands 3Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway), Oslo, Norway 4Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Copenhagen, Denmark 5Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), Madrid, Spain 6Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland anow at: Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany Correspondence: Danijel Belušic´ ([email protected]) Received: 24 May 2019 – Discussion started: 15 July 2019 Revised: 12 February 2020 – Accepted: 19 February 2020 – Published: 20 March 2020 Abstract. This paper presents a new version of HCLIM, a HCLIM cycle has considerable differences in model setup regional climate modelling system based on the ALADIN– compared to the NWP version (primarily in the description HIRLAM numerical weather prediction (NWP) system. of the surface), it is planned for the next cycle release that the HCLIM uses atmospheric physics packages from three NWP two versions will use a very similar setup. This will ensure model configurations, HARMONIE–AROME, ALARO and a feasible and timely climate model development as well as ALADIN, which are designed for use at different horizon- updates in the future and provide an evaluation of long-term tal resolutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Article Is Part of the Special Issue “Air T., Savage, N., Seigneur, C., Sokhi, R
    Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11099–11112, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11099-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Downscaling system for modeling of atmospheric composition on regional, urban and street scales Roman Nuterman1, Alexander Mahura2, Alexander Baklanov3,1, Bjarne Amstrup4, and Ashraf Zakey5 1Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark 2Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00560, Finland 3Science and Innovation Department, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva 2, 1211, Switzerland 4Research Department, Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark 5Egyptian Meteorological Authority, Cairo, 11784, Egypt Correspondence: Roman Nuterman ([email protected]) Received: 22 December 2020 – Discussion started: 6 January 2021 Revised: 16 June 2021 – Accepted: 17 June 2021 – Published: 22 July 2021 Abstract. In this study, the downscaling modeling chain for ments on environment, population, and decision making for prediction of weather and atmospheric composition is de- emergency preparedness and safety measures planning. scribed and evaluated against observations. The chain con- sists of interfacing models for forecasting at different spa- tiotemporal scales that run in a semi-operational mode. The forecasts were performed for European (EU) regional and 1 Introduction Danish (DK) subregional-urban scales by the offline coupled numerical weather prediction HIRLAM and atmospheric
    [Show full text]
  • Validation of Lake Surface State in the HIRLAM NWP Model Against In-Situ
    Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-270 Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started: 6 November 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License. Validation of lake surface state in the HIRLAM NWP model against in-situ measurements in Finland Laura Rontu1, Kalle Eerola1, and Matti Horttanainen1 1Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland Correspondence: laura.rontu@fmi.fi Abstract. High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM), used for operational numerical weather prediction in the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), includes prognostic treatment of lake surface state since 2012. Forecast is based on the Fresh- water Lake (FLake) model integrated to HIRLAM. Additionally, an independent objective analysis of lake surface water temperature (LSWT) combines the short forecast of FLake to observations from the Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE). 5 The resulting description of lake surface state - forecast FLake variables and analysed LSWT - was compared to SYKE obser- vations of lake water temperature, freezing and melting dates as well as the ice and snow thickness for 2012-2018 over 45 lakes in Finland. During the ice-free period, the predicted LSWT corresponded to the observations with a slight overestimation, with a systematic error of + 0.91 K. The colder temperatures were underrepresented and the maximum temperatures were too high. The objective analysis of LSWT was able to reduce the bias to + 0.35 K. The predicted freezing dates corresponded well the 10 observed dates, mostly within the accuracy of a week. The forecast melting dates were far too early, typically several weeks ahead of the observed dates.
    [Show full text]
  • Reanalysis Workshop, 19 May 2016
    Copernicus Climate Change Service Regional Reanalysis Workshop, 19 May 2016 Reanalysis: the global context Adrian Simmons Consultant, Copernicus Climate Change Service European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Data assimilation and reanalysis Data assimilation provides estimates of the state of the atmosphere, ocean and land by blending information from ̶ the most-recent observations, which generally are of diverse types ̶ a short “background” model forecast that spreads the information from earlier observations in time, space and from variable to variable ̶ estimates of observation-error and background-error statistics ̶ relationships built into the model and the background-error statistics It was first proposed in the 1950s, and has provided the starting states for routine numerical weather forecasting since the 1970s Better estimates of the state of the Earth system can come either from better observations or from better data assimilation Reanalysis applies a fixed, modern assimilation system to a sequence of past observations, generally extending over decades Atmospheric reanalysis: starting points Has its origins in the production of datasets by ECMWF and GFDL for the 1979 Global Weather Experiment ̶ widely used, but superseded by use of multi-year operational NWP analyses ̶ but that use was hampered by the frequent changes made to the operational systems Subsequently proposed for climate-change studies by Bengtsson & Shukla (1988) and Trenberth & Olson (1988) Though proposed earlier by Roger Daley in 1983 for monitoring
    [Show full text]
  • The HARMONIE–AROME Model Configuration in the ALADIN
    MAY 2017 B E N G T S S O N E T A L . 1919 The HARMONIE–AROME Model Configuration in the ALADIN–HIRLAM NWP System a a b b c LISA BENGTSSON, ULF ANDRAE, TRYGVE ASPELIEN, YURII BATRAK, JAVIER CALVO, d e f b WIM DE ROOY, EMILY GLEESON, BENT HANSEN-SASS, MARIKEN HOMLEID, g a d h MARIANO HORTAL, KARL-IVAR IVARSSON, GEERT LENDERINK, SAMI NIEMELÄ, f d h a KRISTIAN PAGH NIELSEN, JEANETTE ONVLEE, LAURA RONTU, PATRICK SAMUELSSON, g g d i DANIEL SANTOS MUÑOZ, ALVARO SUBIAS, SANDER TIJM, VELLE TOLL, f b XIAOHUA YANG, AND MORTEN ØDEGAARD KØLTZOW a Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrkoping,€ Sweden b Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway c Agencia Estadal de Meteorologia, Madrid, Spain d The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, Netherlands e Met Éireann, Dublin, Ireland f Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark g Agencia Estadal de Meteorologia, Madrid, Spain h Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland i University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (Manuscript received 1 November 2016, in final form 27 January 2017) ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to describe the reference configuration of the convection-permitting numerical weather prediction (NWP) model HARMONIE-AROME, which is used for operational short-range weather forecasts in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and Sweden. It is developed, maintained, and validated as part of the shared ALADIN–HIRLAM system by a collaboration of 26 countries in Europe and northern Africa on short-range mesoscale NWP. HARMONIE–AROME is based on the model AROME developed within the ALADIN consortium.
    [Show full text]
  • OZONE POLLUTION:POLLUTION: Impacts on Carbon Sequestration in Europe
    OZONEOZONE POLLUTION:POLLUTION: Impacts on carbon sequestration in Europe Report prepared by the ICP Vegetation April, 2012 Editors: Harry Harmens and Gina Mills 1 Ozone Pollution: Impacts on carbon sequestration in Europe Report prepared by the ICP Vegetation1 April, 2012 Harry Harmens and Gina Mills (Editors) ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK Tel: + 44 (0) 1248 374500, Fax: + 44 (0) 1248 362133, Email: [email protected] http://icpvegetation.ceh.ac.uk 1 International Cooperative Programme on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops. 2 Acknowledgements We wish to thank the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) for the continued financial support of the ICP Vegetation (Contract AQ0816). In addition, we wish to thank the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for the partial funding of the ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre. We wish to thank the ICP Vegetation participants that contributed text to this report (listed below) as well as all of the other participants in the ozone research of the ICP Vegetation for their continued inputs to the programme. Finally, we would especially like to thank Patrick Büker and Howard Cambridge for their contributions to Chapter 4. Contributors to this report Stephen Arnold University of Leeds United Kingdom Alan Briolat Stockholm Environment Institute, York United Kingdom Bill
    [Show full text]
  • Orographic Parametrizations in Hirlam
    OROGRAPHIC PARAMETRIZATIONS IN HIRLAM Laura Rontu Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland E-mail: Laura.Rontu@fmi.fi Abstract: The scale-dependent system of orography-related parametrizations of the High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM) comprises schemes for handling the effects of mesoscale (MSO, Rontu et al. (2002) and small-scale (SSO, Rontu (2006)) orographic effects on the simulated flow, and a scheme of orographic effects on the surface-level radiation fluxes (Senkova et al., 2007). We summarize the recent developments of these parametrizations. Main attention is paid to the parametrization of subgrid-scale momentum fluxes. Representation of orography, scale-dependencies of the simu- lated processes and interactions between the parametrized and resolved processes are discussed. From the high-resolution digital elevation data, orographic parameters are derived for both momentum and radiation flux parametrizations and for the definition of the model’s vertical coordinate. Keywords: HIRLAM, parametrization, momentum, radiation, flux 1. INTRODUCTION Orography is always averaged, representing the surface elevation within the horizontal resolution of the model. In order to remove the smallest scales and steepest slopes, the continuous spectrum of orography is normally filtered (truncated) even more, typically beyond a few gridlengths of the model. This means that in the numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, there will always be subgrid-scale orography effects, which cannot be explicitly resolved by numerical integration of the basic equations, but require parametrization. In the subgrid-scale, different physical processes contribute in different scales. The parametrized processes interact with the resolved-scale processes and with each other. Advanced diagnostic tools are required for understanding these processes and interactions.
    [Show full text]
  • Meteorology and Atmospheric Dispersion
    3.3 Meteorology and atmospheric dispersion A system integrated comprehensive atmospheric dispersion module has been built from models suitable for fast real-time atmospheric dispersion calculations as suggested by [1], cf. Table 1. TABLE 1: THE MET-RODOS MODULE: Associated models and data Near-range flow and dispersion models, including pre-processors: · Meteorological pre-processor (PAD) · Mass Consistent Flow model (MCF) · Linearized flow model (LINCOM) · Puff model with gamma dose (RIMPUFF) · Near-range elongated puff model (ATSTEP) Complex terrain models (stand alone system): · Prognostic flow model (ADREA) and Lagrangian dispersion model (DIPCOT) Mesoscale and Long-range Models: · Hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian model (MATCH) On-line Weather Forecast data: · Numerical Weather Prediction data (DMI-HIRLAM and SPA -TYPHOON) The module is called MET-RODOS and it consists of models and pre-processors contributed to by Work Group 2 (Atmospheric Dispersion) partners. 3.3.1 The MET-RODOS module A schematic overview of the system integrated MET-RODOS atmospheric dispersion module [2] is presented in Figure 1. Details about the systems „functionality specification“ is described in [3] whereas the systems User’s manual [4] holds references to the systems User’s guides, input/output specifications and test runs. The MET-RODOS dispersion module contains three distinguishable sub-systems: • The Local-Scale Pre-processor LSP, • The Local-Scale Model Chain LSMC, and • The long-range Model Chain LRMC 57 On-site Off-site N So dar ’ s Met- +4 Hr Towers W
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Enviro-HIRLAM Online Integrated Meteorology-Chemistry Modelling System: Strategy, Methodology, Developments 2 and Applications (V
    1 Enviro-HIRLAM online integrated meteorology-chemistry modelling system: strategy, methodology, developments 2 and applications (v. 7.2) 3 4 Alexander Baklanov (1, a), Ulrik Smith Korsholm (1), Roman Nuterman (2), Alexander Mahura (1, b), Kristian Pagh Nielsen 5 (1), Bent Hansen Sass (1), Alix Rasmussen (1), Ashraf Zakey (1, c), Eigil Kaas (2), Alexander Kurganskiy (2,3), Brian 6 Sørensen (2), Iratxe González-Aparicio (4) 7 8 (1) Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Copenhagen, Denmark; (2) Niels Bohr Institute, University of 9 Copenhagen, Denmark; (3) Russian State Hydrometeorological University, St.Petersburg, Russia; (4) European 10 Commission, DG - Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy and Transport, The Netherlands; (a) now at: World 11 Meteorological Organization (WMO), Geneva, Switzerland; (b) now at: University of Helsinki, Finland; (c) now 12 at: The Egyptian Meteorological Authority, Cairo, Egypt. 13 14 Corresponding author email: [email protected]; [email protected] 15 16 17 Abstract: The Environment – HIgh Resolution Limited Area Model (Enviro-HIRLAM) is developed as a fully online 18 integrated numerical weather prediction (NWP) and atmospheric chemical transport (ACT) model for research and 19 forecasting of joint meteorological, chemical and biological weather. The integrated modelling system is developed by DMI 20 in collaboration with several European universities. It is the baseline system in the HIRLAM Chemical Branch and used in 21 several countries and different applications. The development was initiated at DMI more than 15 years ago. The model is 22 based on the HIRLAM NWP model with online integrated pollutant transport and dispersion, chemistry, aerosol dynamics, 23 deposition and atmospheric composition feedbacks. To make the model suitable for chemical weather forecasting in urban 24 areas the meteorological part was improved by implementation of urban parameterizations.
    [Show full text]
  • 2D Meso-Scale Re-Analysis of Precipitation, Temperature and Wind Over Europe - ERAMESAN Time Period 1980-2004
    No 112, 2007 Reports Meteorology and Climatology 2D meso-scale re-analysis of precipitation, temperature and wind over Europe - ERAMESAN Time period 1980-2004 Anna Jansson, Christer Persson and Gustav Strandberg No 112, 2007 RMK No 112, 2007 Reports Meteorology and Climatology 2D meso-scale re-analysis of precipitation, temperature and wind over Europe - ERAMESAN Time period 1980-2004 Anna Jansson, Christer Persson and Gustav Strandberg Report Summary / Rapportsammanfattning Issuing Agency/Utgivare Report number/Publikation Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute RMK No. 112 SE-601 76 NORRKÖPING Report date/Utgivningsdatum Sweden December 2007 Author (s)/Författare Anna Jansson, Christer Persson and Gustav Strandberg Title (and Subtitle/Titel 2D meso-scale re-analysis of precipitation, temperature and wind over Europe - ERAMESAN Abstract/Sammandrag The need for long time series of gridded meteorological data with a fine spatial and temporal resolution has increased in recent years. The requirements for this type of gridded meteorological data fields arise from many different areas of the society, in connection to atmospheric environment studies of air quality and deposition and trends in these parameters, regional climate change, wind energy, hydrological studies etc. The aim of the present project is to investigate the possibility of producing historical, high quality and time consistent, meso-scale re-analyses for the whole of Europe regarding precipitation, 2 m temperature and wind for at least 25 years back in time. The MESAN analysis system (Häggmark et al., 2000) at SMHI was chosen as a basis for the re- analysis and the system was adjusted to cover the whole of Europe. In order to find the most appropriate first guess fields to be used in the MESAN system, a pilot study was performed.
    [Show full text]
  • Hindcasting to Measure Ice Sheet Model Sensitivity to Initial States: Supplement
    Hindcasting to measure ice sheet model sensitivity to initial states: Supplement A. Aschwanden, G. A algeirsd´ottir,C. Khroulev k 1 Climate Forcing The hydrostatic atmospheric regional climate model HIRHAM5 (Christensen et al., 2006) provides monthly mean climatic mass balance and 2-m air temperature. HIRHAM is based on HIRLAM7 dynamics (Eerola, 2006) and ECHAM5 physics (Roeckner et al., 2003). HIRHAM5 is forced at the lateral boundaries using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-Interim reanalysis product (Dee et al., 2011) for the period 1989{2011. The regional climate model dynamically downscales the tem- perature and precipitation fields and computes the climatic mass balance at a resolution of 0.05◦ (∼5.55 km) with 31 vertical levels and a time-step of 120 s in the dynamical scheme. HIRHAM5 has been validated both with ice core data and automatic weather station data and is shown to perform well over Greenland (Dethloff et al., 2002; Kiil- sholm et al., 2004; Lucas-Picher et al., 2012; Rae et al., 2012). At present, formal error estimates are not available due to the lack of sufficient observations. 2 2 Ice Sheet Model Simulations are performed with the open-source Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM, www.pism- docs.org)1, which is thermomechanically-coupled, polythermal, and includes a hybrid stress balance model (Bueler and Brown, 2009; Aschwanden et al., 2012). PISM has been used in a number of studies of the ice sheets on Greenland and Antarctica (e.g., Martin et al., 2011; Solgaard et al., 2011; Solgaard and Langen, 2012; Golledge et al., 2012).
    [Show full text]